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10 Îòå÷åñòâåííàÿ èñòîðèÿ â ñõåìàõ è òàáëèöàõ

ÑËÀÂßÍÅ Â VI—VIII ââ.

ÊÎÍÖÅÏÖÈÈ ÏÐÎÈÑÕÎÆÄÅÍÈß È ÏÐÀÐÎÄÈÍÛ

ÑËÀÂßÍ

Ìèãðàöèîííàÿ
(Ïðèøëè íà Âîñòî÷íî- Àâòîõòîííàÿ
Åâðîïåéñêóþ ðàâíèíó)

«äóíàéñêàÿ» «ïðèáàëòèéñêàÿ» Ñëàâÿíå êàê ýòíîñ

(Ñ.Ì. Ñîëîâüåâ, (Ì.Â. Ëîìîíîñîâ, ñôîðìèðîâàëèñü
Â.Î. Êëþ÷åâñêèé) À.Ã. Êóçüìèí) íà òåððèòîðèè
Âîñòî÷íî-
Åâðîïåéñêîé
ðàâíèíû è
ÿâëÿëèñü
èñêîííûì
íàñåëåíèåì
(Á.À. Ðûáàêîâ)

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Ñëàâÿíå â VI—VIII ââ. 11

ÂÎÑÒÎ×ÍÛÅ ÑËÀÂßÍÅ Â ÄÐÅÂÍÎÑÒÈ

Ñ
ëàâÿíå â VI—VIII ââ.
Îáùåñòâåííîå Çàíÿòèÿ Âåðîâàíèÿ
óñòðîéñòâî

Ðîäîâàÿ îáùèíà Çåìëåäåëèå

Îõîòà ßçû÷åñòâî
Ðûáîëîâñòâî
Ñîñåäñêàÿ îáùèíà Áîðòíè÷åñòâî Êóëüò ïðåäêîâ
Ïîêëîíåíèå
ÿâëåíèÿì ïðèðîäû
Çåìëåäåëü÷åñêèå
êóëüòû

Îñíîâíûå âîñòî÷íîñëàâÿíñêèå ïëåìåíà è ìåñòà èõ ðàññåëåíèÿ

Êðèâè÷è Âåðõîâüÿ ðåê Âîëãè, Äíåïðà, Çàïàäíîé

Äâèíû
Âÿòè÷è Ïî ðåêå Îêà
Èëüìåíñêèå ñëîâåíå Âîêðóã îçåðà Èëüìåíü è ïî ðåêå Âîëõîâ
Ðàäèìè÷è Ïî ðåêå Ñîæ
Äðåâëÿíå Ïî ðåêå Ïðèïÿòü
Äðåãîâè÷è Ìåæäó ðåêàìè Ïðèïÿòü è Áåðåçèíà
Ïîëÿíå Ïî çàïàäíîìó áåðåãó ðåêè Äíåïð
Óëè÷è è òèâåðöû Þãî-çàïàä Âîñòî÷íî-Åâðîïåéñêîé ðàâíèíû
Ñåâåðÿíå Ïî ñðåäíåìó òå÷åíèþ ðåêè Äíåïð è ïî ðåêå
Äåñíà

Ñîþçû ñëàâÿíñêèõ ïëåìåí

Ñëàâèÿ Êóÿâèÿ Àðòàíèÿ

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12 Îòå÷åñòâåííàÿ èñòîðèÿ â ñõåìàõ è òàáëèöàõ

ÄÐÅÂÍßß ÐÓÑÜ
ÐÓÑÜÐóñü
Äðåâíÿÿ

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Äðåâíÿÿ Ðóñü 13

ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÄÐÅÂÍÅÐÓÑÑÊÎÃÎ ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÀ

Êîíöåïöèè ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ ãîñóäàðñòâà

Êëàññîâàÿ Äîãîâîðíàÿ

Ãîñóäàðñòâî âîçíèêàåò â Ãîñóäàðñòâî âîçíèêàåò

ïåðèîä ðàñïàäà ðîäîâûõ âñëåäñòâèå äîãîâîðà ìåæäó
îòíîøåíèé â ðåçóëüòàòå ëþäüìè
ïîÿâëåíèÿ èìóùåñòâåííîãî
íåðàâåíñòâà, ñîöèàëüíîé
äèôôåðåíöèàöèè,
ñîáñòâåííîñòè íà îðóäèÿ
òðóäà è çåìëþ è ò. ä.

Òåîðèè âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ ãîñóäàðñòâà ó âîñòî÷íûõ ñëàâÿí

Ñëàâÿíñêàÿ Öåíòðèñòñêàÿ Íîðìàííñêàÿ

(àíòèíîðìàííñêàÿ)

Îòðèöàåòñÿ ðîëü âàðÿ- Äðåâíåðóññêîå ãîñó- Äðåâíåðóññêîå ãîñó-

ãîâ â îáðàçîâàíèè äàðñòâî âîçíèêëî äàðñòâî ñîçäàíî íîð-
äðåâíåðóññêîãî ãîñó- êàê ðåçóëüòàò âíóò- ìàííàìè (âàðÿãàìè) ñ
äàðñòâà è ïðèçâàíèå ðåííåãî îáùåñòâåí- äîáðîâîëüíîãî ñîãëà-
èõ íà êíÿæåíèå íîãî ðàçâèòèÿ ñëà- ñèÿ ñëàâÿí
âÿí, íî è ïðè ó÷à-
ñòèè âàðÿãîâ
Ì.Â. Ëîìîíîñîâ À.Ë. Þðãàíîâ Ã.Ç. Áàéåð
Á.À. Ðûáàêîâ Ë.À. Êàöâà À.Ë. Øëåöåð XVIII â.
è áîëüøèíñòâî Ã.Ô. Ìèëëåð
ñîâðåìåííûõ
èñòîðèêîâ Í.Ì. Êàðàìçèí
Ñ.Ì. Ñîëîâüåâ XIX â.

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14 Îòå÷åñòâåííàÿ èñòîðèÿ â ñõåìàõ è òàáëèöàõ

ÄÈÍÀÑÒÈß ÐÞÐÈÊÎÂÈ×ÅÉ (IX—XII ââ.)

Ðþðèê [Òðóâîð, Ñèíåóñ]

862—879

Îëåã
879—912

Èãîðü I Îëüãà
912—945 945—969

Ñâÿòîñëàâ
964—972

ßðîïîëê Îëåã Âëàäèìèð Ñâÿòîé

972—980 óì. 977 980—1015

Ñâÿòîïîëê I Îêàÿííûé ßðîñëàâ Ìóäðûé Áîðèñ Ãëåá

1015—1019 1019—1054 óì. 1015 óì. 1015

Âëàäèìèð Ñâÿòîñëàâ II Èçÿñëàâ I Âñåâîëîä I

óì. 1032 1073—1076 1054—1068, 1069—1073, 1077—1078 1078—1093

Îëåã Äàâèä Ñâÿòîïîëê II Âëàäèìèð Ìîíîìàõ

Ðîñòèñëàâ
óì.1115 óì. 1123 1093—1113 1113—1125

Âñåâîëîä II Èãîðü II Èçÿñëàâ III Ìñòèñëàâ ßðîïîëê II Þðèé

Âîëîäàðü
1139—1146 1146 1157—1159 Âåëèêèé 1132—1139 Äîëãîðóêèé
1125—1132 1149—1150
1155—1157

Èçÿñëàâ II Ðîñòèñëàâ Àíäðåé Âñåâîëîä

Ìèõàèë
Âëàäèìèð 1146—1149 1154—1156 Áîãîëþáñêèé Áîëüøîå
1175—1176
1150—1153 1159—1167 1157—1174 Ãíåçäî
1176—1212
ßðîñëàâ
Ìñòèñëàâ II ßðîñëàâ
Îñòðîìûñë
1167—1169 óì. 1175
óì. 1187

Ðîìàí Ãàëèöêèé
óì. 1205

Äàíèèë Þðèé II
Âàñèëüêî Êîíñòàíòèí ßðîñëàâ II Ñâÿòîñëàâ
Ãàëèöêèé 1212—1216
óì. 1271 1216—1218 1238—1246 1246—1247
óì. 1264 1218—1238

Ìèõàèë Àíäðåé Àëåêñàíäð Íåâñêèé ßðîñëàâ III Âàñèëèé Êîñòðîìñêîé

1247—1248 1248—1252 1252—1263 1263—1272 1272—1276

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Äðåâíÿÿ Ðóñü 15

ÏÅÐÂÛÅ ÊÍßÇÜß

Ðþðèê
862—879 ãã.

Ø Ðîäîíà÷àëüíèê äèíàñòèè Ðþðèêîâè÷åé, ïåðâûé

äðåâíåðóññêèé êíÿçü

Ø Ñîãëàñíî «Ïîâåñòè âðåìåííûõ ëåò» ïðèçâàí íà

êíÿæåíèå â 862 ã. èëüìåíñêèìè ñëîâåíàìè,
÷óäüþ è âåñüþ èç âàðÿæñêèõ çåìåëü

Ø Êíÿæèë â Ëàäîãå, à çàòåì âî âñåõ íîâãîðîäñêèõ

çåìëÿõ

Ø Ïåðåä ñìåðòüþ ïåðåäàë âëàñòü ñâîåìó

ðîäñòâåííèêó (èëè ñòàðøåìó äðóæèííèêó) —
Îëåãó

Êíÿçü — âîæäü ïëåìåíè,

ïðàâèòåëü ãîñóäàðñòâà èëè
ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî
îáðàçîâàíèÿ

Âîçìîæíàÿ ýòèìîëîãèÿ

Îò áîëãàðñê. êíåç — Îò ôèíñê. kuningas —

ñòàðåéøèíà êîðîëü

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16 Îòå÷åñòâåííàÿ èñòîðèÿ â ñõåìàõ è òàáëèöàõ

Îëåã
879—912 ãã.

Ø Ïåðâûé ðåàëüíûé ïðàâèòåëü Äðåâíåé Ðóñè,

îáúåäèíèâøèé çåìëè ñëàâÿíñêèõ ïëåìåí âäîëü
ïóòè «èç âàðÿã â ãðåêè»

Ø Â 882 ã. çàõâàòèë Êèåâ è ñäåëàë åãî ñòîëèöåé

äðåâíåðóññêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâà, óáèâ êíÿæèâøèõ
òàì ðàíåå Àñêîëüäà è Äèðà

Ø Ïîä÷èíèë ñåáå ïëåìåíà äðåâëÿí, ñåâåðÿí,

ðàäèìè÷åé

Ø Óïðî÷èë âíåøíåïîëèòè÷åñêîå ïîëîæåíèå.

 907 ã. ñîâåðøèë óñïåøíûé âîåííûé ïîõîä
íà Êîíñòàíòèíîïîëü, èòîãîì êîòîðîãî ñòàëè
âûãîäíûå äëÿ Ðóñè äâà ìèðíûõ äîãîâîðà (907 è
911 ãã.)

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Äðåâíÿÿ Ðóñü 17

Ïåðâûå êíÿçüÿ

Èãîðü
912—945 ãã.

Ø Ðàñøèðèë ãðàíèöû Äðåâíåðóññêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâà,

ïîä÷èíèâ ïëåìÿ óëè÷åé è ñïîñîáñòâîâàâ
îñíîâàíèþ ðóññêèõ ïîñåëåíèé íà Òàìàíñêîì
ïîëóîñòðîâå

Ø Îòðàçèë íàáåãè êî÷åâíèêîâ-ïå÷åíåãîâ

Ø Îðãàíèçîâàë âîåííûå ïîõîäû ïðîòèâ Âèçàíòèè

1. 941 ã. — çàêîí÷èëñÿ íåóäà÷åé
2. 944 ã. — çàêëþ÷åíèå âçàèìîâûãîäíîãî
äîãîâîðà

Óáèò äðåâëÿíàìè ïðè ñáîðå äàíè â 945 ã.

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18 Îòå÷åñòâåííàÿ èñòîðèÿ â ñõåìàõ è òàáëèöàõ
ÎËÜÃÀ È ÑÂßÒÎÑËÀÂ
Îëüãà
945—969 ãã.
Æåíà êíÿçÿ Èãîðÿ,
ïðàâèëà íà Ðóñè â ïåðèîä
ìàëîëåòñòâà ñûíà
Ñâÿòîñëàâà è âî âðåìÿ
åãî âîåííûõ ïîõîäîâ
Ø Âïåðâûå óñòàíîâèëà
÷åòêèé ïîðÿäîê ñáîðà
äàíè («ïîëþäüÿ»)
ïóòåì ââåäåíèÿ:
1) óðîêîâ —
îïðåäåëåíèÿ òî÷íûõ
ðàçìåðîâ äàíè
2) ïîãîñòîâ —
óñòàíîâëåíèÿ ìåñò
ñáîðà äàíè
Ø Ïîåçäêà â Âèçàíòèþ
(957) è ïðèíÿòèå
õðèñòèàíñòâà ïîä
èìåíåì Åëåíà
Ø Â 968 ã. ðóêîâîäèëà
çàùèòîé Êèåâà îò
ïå÷åíåãîâ
Ñâÿòîñëàâ
964—972 ãã.
Ñûí êíÿçÿ Èãîðÿ è
êíÿãèíè Îëüãè.
Ïðàâèòåëü
Äðåâíåðóññêîãî
ãîñóäàðñòâà â 964—972 ãã.
Èíèöèàòîð è ðóêîâîäèòåëü
ìíîãèõ âîåííûõ ïîõîäîâ
Ø Ðàçãðîì Õàçàðñêîãî
êàãàíàòà è åãî ñòîëèöû
Èòèëü (965)
Ø Ïîõîäû â Äóíàéñêóþ
Áóëãàðèþ. Âîéíû ñ
Âèçàíòèåé (968—971)
Ø Âîåííûå
ñòîëêíîâåíèÿ ñ
ïå÷åíåãàìè (969—972)
Ø Äîãîâîð ìåæäó Ðóñüþ
è Âèçàíòèåé (971)
Óáèò ïå÷åíåãàìè âî âðåìÿ
âîçâðàùåíèÿ èç Áîëãàðèè
â 972 ã. íà äíåïðîâñêèõ
ïîðîãàõ
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Äðåâíÿÿ Ðóñü 19

Âëàäèìèð I Ñâÿòîé
980—1015 ãã.

Ø Ïåðâàÿ ìåæäîóñîáíàÿ âîéíà çà âëàñòü ìåæäó

ñûíîâüÿìè Ñâÿòîñëàâà — Âëàäèìèðîì è
ßðîïîëêîì (972—980). Ïîáåäà Âëàäèìèðà è
óòâåðæäåíèå åãî íà êèåâñêîì ïðåñòîëå

Ø 980 ã. — ßçû÷åñêàÿ ðåôîðìà êíÿçÿ Âëàäèìèðà.

Ñîçäàíèå ïàíòåîíà ÿçû÷åñêèõ áîãîâ âî ãëàâå ñ
Ïåðóíîì (ïîïûòêà ïðèñïîñîáèòü ÿçû÷åñòâî ê
ïîòðåáíîñòÿì Äðåâíåðóññêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâà è
îáùåñòâà çàâåðøèëàñü íåóäà÷åé)
Ø 988 ã. — Ïðèíÿòèå õðèñòèàíñòâà

Ø Äàëüíåéøåå ðàñøèðåíèå è óêðåïëåíèå

Äðåâíåðóññêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâà. Âëàäèìèð
îêîí÷àòåëüíî ïîêîðèë ðàäèìè÷åé, ñîâåðøèë
óñïåøíûå ïîõîäû ïðîòèâ ïîëÿêîâ, ïå÷åíåãîâ,
îñíîâàë íîâûå êðåïîñòè-ãîðîäà (Ïåðåÿñëàâëü,
Áåëãîðîä è äð.)

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20 Îòå÷åñòâåííàÿ èñòîðèÿ â ñõåìàõ è òàáëèöàõ

ßÇÛ×ÅÑÒÂÎ ÍÀ ÐÓÑÈ

ßçû÷åñòâî (îò öåðêîâíîñëàâÿíñêîãî ÿçûöû — íàðîäû,

èíîçåìöû) — îáîçíà÷åíèå íåõðèñòèàíñêèõ ïîëèòåèñòè÷åñêèõ
ðåëèãèé

Ïîêëîíåíèå
Êóëüò ïðåäêîâ
ÿâëåíèÿì ïðèðîäû

Çåìëåäåëü÷åñêèå
êóëüòû

ßçû÷åñêèå áîãè:

Ïåðóí — áîã ìîëíèé, ãðîìà, âîéíû

Äàæäüáîã — áîã ñîëíöà
Ñòðèáîã — áîã âåòðà
Ñâàðîã — áîã íåáà
Âåëåñ — áîã ñêîòà
Ìàêîøü (Ìîêîøü) — áîãèíÿ ïëîäîðîäèÿ è
ïîêðîâèòåëüíèöà ðîäà

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Äðåâíÿÿ Ðóñü 21

ÏÐÈÍßÒÈÅ ÕÐÈÑÒÈÀÍÑÒÂÀ ÍÀ ÐÓÑÈ

988 ã.

ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÇÍÀ×ÅÍÈÅ

Íåîáõîäèìîñòü óêðåïëåíèÿ
âëàñòè êèåâñêîãî êíÿçÿ è
ïîòðåáíîñòü ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî Óêðåïèëî ãîñóäàðñòâî è âëàñòü
îáúåäèíåíèÿ íà íîâîé êíÿçÿ
äóõîâíîé îñíîâå

Îïðàâäàíèå ñîöèàëüíîãî Ïîâûñèëî ìåæäóíàðîäíûé

íåðàâåíñòâà àâòîðèòåò Ðóñè

Íåîáõîäèìîñòü ïðèîáùåíèÿ
Ðóñè ê îáùååâðîïåéñêèì Ñïîñîáñòâîâàëî ïðèîáùåíèþ
ïîëèòè÷åñêèì ðåàëèÿì, Ðóñè ê âèçàíòèéñêîé êóëüòóðå
äóõîâíûì è êóëüòóðíûì
öåííîñòÿì

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22 Îòå÷åñòâåííàÿ èñòîðèÿ â ñõåìàõ è òàáëèöàõ

Ñïîñîáñòâîâàë Ïîêðîâèòåëü
ðàñöâåòó ïðîñâåùåíèÿ è
Äðåâíåðóññêîãî ñòðîèòåëüñòâà
ãîñóäàðñòâà
Êíÿçü ßðîñëàâ Ìóäðûé
1019—1054 ãã.

Ñïîñîáñòâîâàë Îñíîâàòåëü
Åäèíîâëàñòíûé
âîçâûøåíèþ Îñóùåñòâëÿë ïèñüìåííîãî
ïðàâèòåëü
ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî âîåííûå ïîõîäû ðóññêîãî
Äðåâíåé Ðóñè
àâòîðèòåòà Ðóñè çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà

Óòâåðäèëñÿ íà Óñòàíîâèë Ø â Ïðèáàëòèêó «Ðóññêàÿ

êèåâñêîì øèðîêèå Ø â ïîëüñêî- Ïðàâäà»
ïðåñòîëå ïîñëå äèíàñòè÷åñêèå ëèòîâñêèå
äëèòåëüíûõ ñâÿçè ñ çåìëè «Ïðàâäà
óñîáèö ñî åâðîïåéñêèìè è Ø â Âèçàíòèþ ßðîñëàâà»
Ñâÿòîïîëêîì âèçàíòèéñêèì Ø Îêîí÷àòåëüíî
Îêàÿííûì è äâîðàìè ðàçãðîìèë
Ìñòèñëàâîì ïå÷åíåãîâ
Òìóòàðàêàíñêèì

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Äðåâíÿÿ Ðóñü 23

Êíÿçü Âëàäèìèð II Ìîíîìàõ

1053—1125 ãã.

Âíóê ßðîñëàâà Ìóäðîãî, ñûí êíÿçÿ

Âñåâîëîäà I è Ìàðèè, äî÷åðè
âèçàíòèéñêîãî èìïåðàòîðà
Êîíñòàíòèíà IX Ìîíîìàõà. Êíÿçü
cìîëåíñêèé (ñ 1067 ã.), ÷åðíèãîâñêèé
(ñ 1078 ã.), ïåðåÿñëàâñêèé (ñ 1093 ã.),
âåëèêèé êèåâñêèé êíÿçü (ñ 1113 ã.)

Ø Îðãàíèçàòîð óñïåøíûõ ïîõîäîâ êíÿçåé ïðîòèâ

ïîëîâöåâ (1103, 1109, 1111)

Ø Âûñòóïàë çà åäèíñòâî Ðóñè. Ó÷àñòíèê ñúåçäà

äðåâíåðóññêèõ êíÿçåé â Ëþáå÷å (1097), íà
êîòîðîì ðàññìàòðèâàëèñü âîïðîñû ïàãóáíîñòè
ìåæäîóñîáèö, ïðèíöèïû âëàäåíèÿ è
íàñëåäîâàíèÿ êíÿæåñêèõ çåìåëü

Ø Áûë ïðèçâàí íà êíÿæåíèå â Êèåâ âî âðåìÿ

íàðîäíîãî âîññòàíèÿ 1113 ã., ïîñëåäîâàâøåãî
ïîñëå ñìåðòè Ñâÿòîïîëêà II

Êèåâñêèé 1113—1125 ãã. êíÿçü

Ø Ââåë â äåéñòâèå «Óñòàâ Âëàäèìèðà Ìîíîìàõà»,

ãäå â çàêîíîäàòåëüíîì ïîðÿäêå áûëè îãðàíè÷åíû
ïðîöåíòû ïî çàéìàì è çàïðåùåíî îáðàùàòü â
ðàáñòâî îòðàáàòûâàþùèõ äîëã çàâèñèìûõ ëþäåé
Ø Îñòàíîâèë ðàñïàä Äðåâíåðóññêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâà.
Íàïèñàë «Ïîó÷åíèå», â êîòîðîì îñóæäàë
óñîáèöû è ïðèçûâàë ê åäèíñòâó ðóññêîé çåìëè
Ø Ïðîäîëæèë ïîëèòèêó óêðåïëåíèÿ äèíàñòè÷åñêèõ
ñâÿçåé ñ Åâðîïîé. Áûë æåíàò íà äî÷åðè
àíãëèéñêîãî êîðîëÿ Ãàðîëüäà II — Ãèòå

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24 Îòå÷åñòâåííàÿ èñòîðèÿ â ñõåìàõ è òàáëèöàõ

ÊÎÍÖÅÏÖÈÈ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎ-ÝÊÎÍÎÌÈ×ÅÑÊÎÃÎ
ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß ÄÐÅÂÍÅÉ ÐÓÑÈ

Ðàííåêëàññîâûé õà- Ðàííåôåîäàëüíûé õà- Êíÿæåñêî-îáùèííûé

ðàêòåð äðåâíåðóññêîãî ðàêòåð äðåâíåðóññêîãî õàðàêòåð äðåâíåðóñ-
îáùåñòâà, â ñîöèàëü- îáùåñòâà, êîòîðîå íà- ñêîãî îáùåñòâà, êîòî-
íîì ñòðîå êîòîðîãî õîäèëîñü íà íà÷àëü- ðîå ñòîÿëî åùå íà ïî-
ñî÷åòàëèñü ýëåìåíòû íîé ñòàäèè ôåîäàëü- ðîãå ôåîäàëüíîãî
ðîäîâîãî, ðàáîâëà- íîãî ðàçâèòèÿ ñòðîÿ
äåëü÷åñêîãî è ôåî-
äàëüíîãî îáùåñòâ
È.ß. Ôðîÿíîâ Á.Ä. Ãðåêîâ À.À. Çèìèí
Á.À. Ðûáàêîâ Þ.Ã. Àëåêñååâ

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Äðåâíÿÿ Ðóñü 25

ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀ È ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ

ÊÀÒÅÃÎÐÈÈ ÍÀÑÅËÅÍÈß

Âûñøèå ñîñëîâèÿ

Ñëóæèòåëè êóëüòà Êíÿçüÿ

Âîëõâû Ïðàâîñëàâíîå Âîæäè ïëåìåí, ïîçæå — ïðàâèòåëè

(ÿçû÷åñêèå äóõîâåíñòâî ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ îáðàçîâàíèé
æðåöû äî (ñ X â.)
ïðèíÿòèÿ
õðèñòèàíñòâà) Áîÿðå Äðóæèííèêè

Ïîòîìêè Âîèíû êíÿæåñêèõ

ðîäîïëåìåí- îòðÿäîâ,
íîé çíàòè, âûïîëíÿâøèå
âîåâîäû, òàêæå
íàìåñòíèêè óïðàâëåí÷åñêèå
îáëàñòåé ôóíêöèè

Íèçøèå ñîñëîâèÿ

Ëþäè Õîëîïû Ãðàäñêèå ëþäè

Ñâîáîäíûå êðåñòüÿíå — Çàâèñèìàÿ Ãîðîæàíå

îáùèííèêè. ñîöèàëüíàÿ ãðóïïà,
áëèçêàÿ ê ðàáàì
Ñìåðäû Êóïöû Ðåìåñëåí-
Çàâèñèìûå êðåñòüÿíå, Äîëãîâûå ×åëÿäü (ãîñòè) íèêè
íåñøèå ïîâèííîñòü õîëîïû (âîåííî-
â îòíîøåíèè êíÿçÿ ïëåííûå)

Çàêóïû Ðÿäîâè÷è
Ñìåðäû, âçÿâøèå ó Ñìåðäû, çàêëþ÷èâøèå ñ
äðóãîãî çåìëåâëàäåëüöà çåìëåâëàäåëüöåì äîãîâîð
ññóäó («êóïó») ñêîòîì, («ðÿä») îá óñëîâèÿõ
îðóäèÿìè òðóäà è ò.ï. è ñâîåé ðàáîòû íà íåãî
îáÿçàííûå îòðàáîòàòü
ýòîò äîëã

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26 Îòå÷åñòâåííàÿ èñòîðèÿ â ñõåìàõ è òàáëèöàõ

ÃÎÐÎÄÀ, ÒÎÐÃÎÂËß È ÐÅÌÅÑËÎ ÄÐÅÂÍÅÉ ÐÓÑÈ

Ãîðîäà âîçíèêàþò êàê öåíòðû

èìåííûõ îòïðàâëåíèÿ êóëüòîâ ïåðåñå÷åíèÿ

êíÿæåíèé (ðîäîâûå òîðãîâûõ ïóòåé
(àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûå öåíòðû (òîðãîâî-ðåìåñëåííûå
öåíòðû) ïëåìåí) öåíòðû)

t Õ — íà÷àëî XI â. ≈ 30 ãîðîäîâ
t ñåðåäèíà XI — ïåðâàÿ ïîëîâèíà XII â. ≈ 42 ãîðîäà
t ñåðåäèíà XIII â. ≈ 62 ãîðîäà

Òîðãîâëÿ íà Ðóñè

êóïöû («ãîñòè»)

Âûâîç (ýêñïîðò) Ââîç (èìïîðò)

t âîñê t äîðîãèå òêàíè
t ïóøíèíà t îðóæèå
t ëåí t öåðêîâíàÿ óòâàðü
t êîæà t óêðàøåíèÿ
t êîëü÷óãè, çàìêè t äðàãîöåííûå êàìíè
t èçäåëèÿ èç êîñòè t ïðÿíîñòè
t ÷åëÿäü

Ðåìåñëî íà Ðóñè
áîëåå 60 ñïåöèàëüíîñòåé

Îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ

Èçãîòîâëåíèå Èçãîòîâëåíèå Èçãîòîâëåíèå

þâåëèðíûõ ïðåäìåòîâ áûòà ïðåäìåòîâ
èçäåëèé èç ìåòàëëà (îðóæèå,
è óêðàøåíèé êîëü÷óãè, çàìêè)

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Äðåâíÿÿ Ðóñü 27

ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ
ÄÐÅÂÍÅÐÓÑÑÊÈÌ ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÎÌ

Âåëèêèé êíÿçü

Ìåñòíûå
Ñîâåò ïðè êíÿçå Äðóæèíà
(óäåëüíûå) êíÿçüÿ (Äóìà) Ñòàðøàÿ (Çíàòü)
Áîÿðå, âûñøåå Âå÷å Ìëàäøàÿ
Ïîñàäíèêè äóõîâåíñòâî (Ãðèäè)
Âîëîñòèòåëè

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28 Îòå÷åñòâåííàÿ èñòîðèÿ â ñõåìàõ è òàáëèöàõ

ÐÓÑÑÊÀß ÏÐÀÂÄÀ
ïåðâûé äðåâíèé ïèñüìåííûé
ñâîä ðóññêèõ çàêîíîâ

Îñíîâíûå ðåäàêöèè, Ñîñòàâíûå ÷àñòè

äîøåäøèå äî íàøåãî
âðåìåíè

I. Ïðàâäà ßðîñëàâà (ñòàòüè 1—18)

Êðàòêàÿ Ïðàâäà
XI â. II. Ïðàâäà ßðîñëàâè÷åé (ñòàòüè 19—41)

I è II. Ïðàâäà ßðîñëàâà è ßðîñëàâè÷åé

(ñòàòüè 1—52)
Ïðîñòðàííàÿ Ïðàâäà
XII â. III. Óñòàâ Âëàäèìèðà Ìîíîìàõà
(ñòàòüè 53—121)

Ñîêðàùåííàÿ Âêëþ÷àåò ðÿä ïåðåðàáîòàííûõ ñòàòåé

Ïðàâäà XV â. Ïðîñòðàííîé Ïðàâäû

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Äðåâíÿÿ Ðóñü 29

Êíÿçü Ìñòèñëàâ Âåëèêèé

1076—1132 ãã.

Ñûí Âëàäèìèðà Ìîíîìàõà

Êíÿçü íîâãîðîäñêèé (1088—1093

è 1095—1117), ðîñòîâñêèé
è ñìîëåíñêèé (1093—1095),
áåëãîðîäñêèé è ñîïðàâèòåëü
Âëàäèìèðà Ìîíîìàõà â Êèåâå
(1117—1125)

Êèåâñêèé 1125—1132 ãã. êíÿçü

Ø Ïðîäîëæèë ïîëèòèêó Âëàäèìèðà Ìîíîìàõà è ñóìåë

ñîõðàíèòü åäèíîå Äðåâíåðóññêîå ãîñóäàðñòâî
Ø Ïðèñîåäèíèë ê Êèåâó Ïîëîöêîå êíÿæåñòâî (1127)
Ø Îðãàíèçîâàë óñïåøíûå ïîõîäû ïðîòèâ ïîëîâöåâ, Ëèòâû,
÷åðíèãîâñêîãî êíÿçÿ Îëåãà Ñâÿòîñëàâîâè÷à

Ïîñëå åãî ñìåðòè ïî÷òè âñå êíÿæåñòâà âûõîäÿò èç

ïîâèíîâåíèÿ Êèåâó.
Íàñòóïàåò óäåëüíûé ïåðèîä — ôåîäàëüíàÿ ðàçäðîáëåííîñòü

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