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ROMANTICISM - Unit 1 - 6th Year PDF
ROMANTICISM - Unit 1 - 6th Year PDF
ROMANTICISM - Unit 1 - 6th Year PDF
ROMANTICISM
The second phase of Romanticism, comprising the period from about 1805 to the 1830s,
was marked by a quickening of cultural nationalism and a new attention to national origins, as
attested by the collection and imitation of native folklore, folk ballads and poetry, folk
dance and music, and even previously ignored medieval and Renaissance works. The revived
historical appreciation was translated into imaginative writing by Sir Walter Scott, who is often
considered to have invented the historical novel. At about this same time English
Romantic poetry had reached its zenith in the works of John Keats, Lord Byron, and Percy
Bysshe Shelley.
A notable by-product of the Romantic interest in the emotional were works dealing
with the supernatural, the weird, and the horrible, as in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein
TYPE OF MOVEMENT
REACTION TO
In this PPT you will read about Romanticism and its influence in other areas
https://es.slideshare.net/ctawes/romanticism-40378333. TAKE NOTES IN YOUR
FOLDER.
POETRY: WILLIAM WORDWORTH AND SAMUEL TAYLOR
COLERIDGE - Lyrical Ballads
Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William
Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge (21 October 1772 –
25 July 1834), first published in 1798 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of
the English Romantic movement in literature. The immediate effect on critics was modest, but it
became and remains a landmark, changing the course of English literature and poetry.
Most of the poems in the 1798 edition were written by Wordsworth, with Coleridge
contributing only four poems to the collection (although these made about a third of the book in
length), including one of his most famous works, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.
This poem recounts the experiences of a sailor who has returned from a long sea voyage.
The mariner stops a man who is on his way to a wedding ceremony and begins to narrate a
story. The wedding-guest's reaction turns from bemusement to impatience to fear to fascination
as the mariner's story progresses, as can be seen in the language style: Coleridge uses narrative
techniques such as personification and repetition to create a sense of danger, the supernatural, or
serenity, depending on the mood in different parts of the poem.
PART I
It is an ancient Mariner,
And he stoppeth one of three.
'By thy long grey beard and glittering eye,
Now wherefore stopp'st thou me?
……
Part II
…..
Alliteration
One of the literary devices that you will see very frequently in writing is alliteration. This
literary device is used to add rhythm by the use of repeated sounds at the beginning of adjacent
words or words which are very close to one another in a sentence.
Simile
A simile is a form of literary device which is used for comparison. They use the words
like or as in order to make the comparison and are a very popular form of literary device, most
famously used by William Shakespeare.
Metaphor
Similar to the simile, a metaphor is used to make a comparison but rather than making a
direct comparison, it does so indirectly. The metaphor makes a non-literal comparison between
two things which are not directly related.
Euphemism
This type of literary device is used to talk about something that may be construed as
offensive and so the writer will use a variant on the wording in order to make what is being
referred to, more palatable. Euphemism is another one of the literary devices which is closely
associated with Shakespeare but is also used by many other writers.
Anaphora
Anaphora is a form of literary device in which the writer uses a repeated phrase at the
beginning of consecutive sentences. The reason for doing this is to make a stronger point by
using the repetition to almost drill the point into the readers´ mind. This form of literary device
is often used in the writing of speeches, especially those designed to motivate or convince the
audience.
Hyperbole
This is a very commonly used literary device which you are likely to come across in
many texts when reading. Hyperbole is the use of a statement which is not meant to be seen as
literal by the reader. It is used to emphasize something and to exaggerate something in order to
stress the importance.
Irony
Irony comes in various forms and is often used in literature to express a meaning opposite
to the one which is being construed. The three types of irony are verbal irony in which someone
says something but in reality, means the opposite, situational irony in which an event occurs
which was the complete opposite of what was expected to happen and dramatic irony where the
reader is aware of a situation that the character is not and therefore see the characters behaviour
in a different light.
Onomatopoeia
Out of all the literary devices, this is one which you will see a lot more than you first
realize. Onomatopoeia is a literary device which uses words to describe a sound, and these
words actually sound like what they are describing.
Oxymoron
An oxymoron is a literary device which uses two words to make a phrase which comes
across as contradictory. This type of literary device is usually used for a humorous effect but
also in order to put an emphasis on what is being said, by grabbing the readers´ attention with
the contradiction.
Synecdoche
Synecdoche is a literary device which uses a part of something to refer to the whole. It is
used to give a more descriptive picture of what is going on.
ACTIVITY 2 – PARAGRAPH WRITING: Write a well-developed paragraph (topic
sentence, supporting ideas and concluding sentence) about:
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ACTIVITY 3 – Identify the literary devices.
Poems by Currer,
Ellis, and Acton Bell
Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell was a volume of poetry published jointly by the
three Brontë sisters, Charlotte, Emily and Anne in 1846 (see 1846 in poetry), and their first
work to ever go in print. To evade contemporary prejudice against female writers, the Brontë
sisters adopted masculine first names. All three retained the first letter of their first names:
Charlotte became Currer Bell, Anne became Acton Bell, and Emily became Ellis Bell. The
book was printed by Aylott and Jones, from London. The first edition failed to attract interest,
with only two copies being sold. However, the sisters decided to continue writing for
publication and began work on their first novels, which became commercial successes.
Following the success of Charlotte's Jane Eyre in 1848, and after the deaths of Emily and Anne,
the second edition of this book (printed in 1850 by Smith & Elder) fared much better, with
Charlotte's additions of previously unpublished poetry by her two late sisters. It is believed that
there are fewer than ten copies in existence with the Aylott and Jones' title-page.
ACTIVITY 4: Read the poems again and mark all the literary devices you can find.
Explain.
The often-tragic circumstances of Poe’s life haunt his writings. His father disappeared not
long after the Poe’s birth, and, at the age of three, Poe watched his mother die of tuberculosis.
Poe then went to live with John and Frances Allan, wealthy theatergoers who knew his parents,
both actors, from the Richmond, Virginia stage. Like Poe’s mother, Frances Allan was
chronically ill, and Poe experienced her sickness much as he did his mother’s. His relationship
with John Allan, who was loving but moody, generous but demanding, was emotionally
turbulent. With Allan’s financial help, Poe attended school in England and then enrolled at the
University of Virginia in 1826, but he was forced to leave after two semesters. Although Poe
blamed Allan’s stinginess, his own gambling debts played a large role in his fiscal woes. A
tendency to cast blame on others, without admitting his own faults, characterized Poe’s
relationship with many people, most significantly Allan. Poe struggled with a view of Allan as a
false father, generous enough to take him in at age three, but never dedicated enough to adopt
him as a true son. There are echoes of Poe’s upbringing in his works, as sick mothers and guilty
fathers appear in many of his tales.
After leaving the University of Virginia, Poe spent some time in the military before he
used his contacts in Richmond and Baltimore to enter the magazine industry. With little
experience, Poe relied on his characteristic bravado to convince Thomas Willis White, then
head of the fledgling Southern Literary Messenger, to take him on as an editor in 1835. This
position gave him a forum for his early tales, including “Berenice” and “Morella.”
The Messenger also established Poe as a leading and controversial literary critic, who often
attacked his New England counterparts—especially poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow—in the
pages of the magazine. Poe ultimately fell out of favor with White, but his literary criticism
made him a popular speaker on the lecture circuit. Poe never realized his most ambitious dream
—the launch of his own magazine, the Stylus. Until his death, he believed that the New
England literary establishment had stolen his glory and had prevented the Stylus from being
published.
His name has since become synonymous with macabre tales like “The Tell-Tale Heart,”
but Poe assumed a variety of literary personas during his career. The Messenger—as well
as Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine and Graham’s—established Poe as one of America’s first
popular literary critics. He advanced his theories in popular essays, including “The Philosophy
of Composition” (1846), “The Rationale of Verse” (1848), and “The Poetic Principle.” In “The
Philosophy of Composition” Poe explained how he had crafted “The Raven,” the 1845 poem
that made him nationally famous. In the pages of these magazines, Poe also introduced of a new
form of short fiction—the detective story—in tales featuring the Parisian crime solver C.
Auguste Dupin. The detective story follows naturally from Poe’s interest in puzzles, word
games, and secret codes, which he loved to present and decode in the pages of the Messenger to
dazzle his readers. The word “detective” did not exist in English at the time that Poe was
writing, but the genre has become a fundamental mode of twentieth-century literature and film.
Dupin and his techniques of psychological inquiry have informed countless sleuths, including
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes and Raymond Chandler’s Philip Marlowe.
In 1849, Poe died in Baltimore at age forty. His cause of death is the subject of much
debate and speculation, with causes including rabies, cholera, and epilepsy having been
suggested.
ACTIVITY 5
Read the short story by Edgar Allan Poe “The Tell- Tale Heart”
https://americanenglish.state.gov/resources/Edgar-Allan-poe-storyteller
Gothic literature focused on ruin, decay, death, terror, chaos and privileged irrationality
and passion over rationality and reason (late 18th and early 19th century) It provides for
contemporary readers some insight into the social and intellectual climate of the time in
which the literature was produced.
Gothic Architecture
Now, find gothic elements in the two stories we have read. Make a list of words or phrases as
examples. DO IT IN YOUR FOLDER OR HERE IN THE DOCUMENT.
ACTIVITY 6 (OPTIONAL) To sum up, watch this short video about the story “The Tell-Tale
Heart”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDLLHTdVSgU
References
- https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/features/what-is-romanticism
- https://www.britannica.com/art/Romanticism
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rime_of_the_Ancient_Mariner
- https://www.sparknotes.com/author/edgar-allan-poe/
- https://emilyspoetryblog.com/emily-bronte/poems/come-walk-with-me/