POL SC HELP TEST SERIES-2022

COMPARATIVE POLITICS
TEST PAPER

1.Which term is Not related to Traditional Approach to Comparative Politics ?

A. Institutional
B. Behaviour
C. Formal-legal
D. Formal
E. Configurative
F. Eurocentric
G. Parochial
H. Descriptive
I. Normative- philosophical

2.Which term is Not related to Modern Approach to Comparative Politics?

A. Analytical
B. Empirical
C. Soft institutions
D. quantitative
E. Value neutral
F. System
G. Structural- functional
H. Informal
I. Legal-constitutional
J. Behaviour
3.Match list 1 and list 2
List 1(Approach/method) List 2(Related thinker)
1. System A.Fred Riggs
2. Structural Functional B. David Easton
3. Ecological C. Gabriel Almond
4. Political Culture D. Almond and Verba
Options:
A. 1-C, 2-D, 3- A, 4-B
B. 1-B, 2-C, 3-A, 4-C
C. 1-D, 2-B, 3- C, 4-A
D. 1-A, 2-C, 3- B, 4-D

4.Who is considered the founder of behavioural approach in Comparative Politics ?

A. Charles Merriam
B. David Easton
C. Jean Blondel
D. Roy C. Macridis

5.Who is considered as the father of comparative politics?

A. Gabriel Almond
B. Roy Macridis
C. David Easton
D. Aristotle
6.Whose writings were influential in ushering (steering) behavioural approach in political
science?
A. Roy C. Macridis
B. Graham Wallas
C. Arthur Bentley
D. Both B&C
7. Which book is considered as classic in Comparative Politics?
A. States and Social Revolutions by Theda Skocpol
B. Civic Culture by Almond and Verba
C. Comparative Politics Today by Almond
D. Democracy in America by Alexis de Tocqueville

8.The Behavioural approach to Comparative Politics emphasizes?

A. Systematic collection and examination of facts
B. Study of formal legal framework
C. Status of facts in formal structures
D. How parties function in structures

9.Which approach takes into account the norms and informal practices that shape
the functioning and evolutions of institutions in various ways?
(A) Old Institutional
(B) New Institutional
(C) Modern Institutional
D) Classic Institutional

10.Which of these terms are Not related to old institutionalism?

A. Formal
B. Legal
C. Normative
D. Hard institutions
E. Structuralism
F. Norms & belief
11.Which of these is not one of the features of capitalism?
a) Antagonistic class structure
b) Surplus production
c) Periodic crisis
d) Fusion of economic and political domains

12.The term ‘black box ‘ is associated with ?

a) system approach in comparative politics
b) New Institutional Approach
c) Historical Approach
d) Structural- functional approach

13.Which of these is not correct about system approach in comparative politics ?

a) Political system is defined as Inter-related institutions, political activities, political actors
and processes which continuously interact with each other and to its environment to
protect and sustain it
b) Gabriel Almond is considered as father of the system approach in comparative politics
c) Demand and support/consent is the inputs of the political system
d) Laws and policies are the outputs of the political system
e) Structural-functionalism was developed on the system approach
f) It was adopted from the general system theory of Biology

14.According to Almond which is not an 'output' function of a political system?

(A) Rulemaking
(B) Rule application
(C) Political communication
(D) Rule adjudication
15.Which of these is not one of the differences between New and old Institutionalism?
a) Old Institutionalism focuses more on ‘hard’ rules and formal organizations, new
Institutionalism include ‘soft’ rules and informal organizations
b) Old Institutionalism: Formal, legal, descriptive; new Institutionalism : Analytical,
explanatory & Empirical
c) In comparison to old Institutionalism, the New Institutionalism suffered more from
Eurocentrism and Ethnocentrism
d) The Old Institutionalism is considered traditional approach to comparative politics;
whereas New Institutionalism is considered modern Approach

16.Which one of these is not one of the type/category of New Institutionalism?

(A) Rational Choice New Institutionalism
(B) Cultural or Sociological New Institutionalism
(C) Philosophical New Institutionalism
(D)Structural New Institutionalism

17.Identify the correct chronological order in which the following approaches emerged in
comparative politics.
1. New Institutional Approach
2. Marxist Approach
3. Philosophical Approach
4. Behavioural Approach
Options:
A. 1,2,3,4
B. 3,1,2,4
C. 3,4,1,2
D. 3, 2,4,1
18.Which one of these is Not correct about the Modernization theory?
(A) Modernity is a European phenomenon and that the decisive events in modernization have
occurred purely on European soil
(B) Path to progress, development, and modernity is same for all societies/nations as it was
for ‘Europe’
(C) Traditional societies of 3rd world will develop as they adopt more modern practices by
following the path of development as taken by ‘European’ nations.
(D) It was based on functionalism
(E) Progressive Comparativist support the Modernization theory

19.Which are the features of parliamentary form of government?

1. Collective responsibility
2. Parliamentary Supremacy
3. Strict Separation of power
4. Fusion of Power
5. Rigid Party system

Options:
A. 1,2,4,5
B. 1,2,4
C. 1,2,3,5
D. 1,3,4,5

20.Which of these is/are Not the similarity between Indian and US Constitution?
1. Written Constitution
2. Separation of Power
3. Judicial Review
4. Residual powers with the Federal/central Government
5. Dual citizenship
6. Powerful upper house
7. Short Constitution
Options:
A. 2,4,5
B. 4,5,6
C. 4,5,6,7
D. 2, 4,5,6,7

21.Which is Not one of the 3 Important Characteristics of “Political Development- the

Development Syndrome” as given Lucian Pye?
A. Equality
B. Liberty
C. Capacity
D. Differentiation and Specialization

22.Match list 1 and list 2

List 1(Thinkers of modernization/development) List 2(Books)
1. David Apter A. Political culture and political development
2. Lucian Pye B. The politics of modernization
3. WW Rostow C. Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach
4. Gabriel Almond D. Politics and the stages of growth
Options:
A. 1-C, 2-D, 3- B, 4-A
B. 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C
C. 1-C, 2-D, 3- A, 4-B
D. 1-A, 2-C, 3- B, 4-D
23.Structural-functionalism approach was used first in which social science?
A. Anthropology
B. Psychology
C. Political Science
D. Sociology

24.Which is the correct chronology of adoption of general system theory in social science?
1. Anthropology
2. Psychology
3. Political Science
4. Sociology

Options:
A. 1,3,4,2
B. 1,2,3,4
C. 1,4, 2, 3
D. 1,3,2,4

25.Which of these is Not one of characteristics features of behaviouralism as given by

David Easton?
A. Regularities
B. Verification
C. Techniques
D. Quantification
E. Observations;
F. Systematisation
G. Pure Science
H. Integration
26.Which of these is Not one of credo of relevance(characteristics features) of post-
behaviouralism as given by David Easton?
A. Substance over technique
B. social change
C. Stress on Brute Reality
D. fact-value synthesis
E. Maintenance of the political system
F. Importance of Humans Values
G. Action oriented research
H. Politicization of the profession- Political scientists as actors of social change

27.Direct Democracy is the feature of?

A. French Constitution
B. Swiss Constitution
C. US Constitution
D. Swedish Constitution

28.Match list 1 and list 2

List 1(Landmark Constitutional Amendments in US) List 2(Related to/impact)
1. 1st Amendment A.Abolished Slavery
2. 2nd Amendment B. Citizenship Rights
3. 13th Amendment C. Five Freedoms, including freedom of speech
4. 14th Amendment D. Right to have Gun

Options:
A. 1-C, 2-D, 3- B, 4-A
B. 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
C. 1-C, 2-D, 3- A, 4-B
D. 1-A, 2-C, 3- B, 4-D
29.Match list 1 and list 2
List 1(Landmark Case in US) List 2(Related to/impact)
1. Marbury v. Madison A.Racial Segregation in schools
2. Roe vs Wade B. judicial review
3. Brown v. Board of Education C. scope of the U.S. Congress's legislative power
4. McCulloch v. Maryland D. Right to Abortion

Options:
A. 1-C, 2-D, 3- B, 4-A
B. 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
C. 1-D, 2-B, 3- C, 4-A
D. 1-A, 2-C, 3- B, 4-D

30.Judicial Supremacy is the feature of?

A. British Constitution
B. US constitution
C. Both A& B
D. Swiss Constitution

31.Which is Incorrect about the Federal Council of Switzerland?

A. It is collective head of state and government of Switzerland.
B. It has 8 members
C. The position of President of the Swiss Confederation rotates among the members of the
council on a yearly basis
D. One year's Vice President of Switzerland becoming the next year's President of
Switzerland
32.Which is correct about Supreme court in USA?
1. Consists of 9 Judges, one Chief Justice and 8 Associate judges
2. US president nominate SC judges, the Senate approve the nomination
3. It has original jurisdiction over disputes arising between states
4. It has power of Judicial review but cannot question any statute on the basis of ‘due
process of law’
Options:
A. 1,3
B. 1,2,3
C. 2,4
D. 1,2,3,4

33.Which one is correct?

1. Swiss constitution is federal and rigid in character
2. Indian constitutional is the longest written constitution in the world
3. Existing constitution of France established the 5th Republic
4. 19th Amendments of US constitution gave voting rights to women

Options:
A. 1,2
B. 1,2,4
C. 2,4
D. 1,2,3,4

34.First 3 articles of US constitution deals with?

A. Separation of powers
B. Judicial Review.
C. Fundamental Rights
D. Federal structures
35.Which is one of the major differences between Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism?
A. Rulers are not elected by the ruled, nether are they accountable to them
B. Citizens have limited rights vis-à-vis state
C. A well-defined state ideology
D. State trying to control all aspects of citizen’s life
E. Both C & D

36.Match list 1 and list 2

List 1(defining books in CP) List 2(Author)
1. The Process of Government A. Charles Merriam
2. Human Nature in Politics B. David Easton
3. New Aspects of Politics C. Arthur F. Bentley
4. The political system D. Graham Wallas
Options:
A. 1-C, 2-D, 3- A, 4-B
B. 1-B, 2-C, 3-A, 4-C
C. 1-D, 2-B, 3- C, 4-A
D. 1-C, 2-A, 3- B, 4-D
37. Match list 1 and list 2
List 1(Almond’s classification of interest groups) List 2(main feature)
1. Institutional A.Kinship and informal ties
2. Anomic B. teachers, lawyers, doctors and other
professionals bodies
3. Associational C. located in institutions such as legislature,
bureaucracy, corporations, army,etc.
4. Non- Associational D. Spontaneous
Options:
A. 1-C, 2-D, 3- B, 4-A
B. 1-B, 2-C, 3-A, 4-C
C. 1-D, 2-B, 3- C, 4-A
D. 1-A, 2-C, 3- B, 4-D
38.Which is the correct sequence of Almond’s input functions?
1. Interest aggregation
2. Interest articulation
3. Political socialization and recruitment
4. Political communication

Options:
A. 3,2.1,4
B. 4,3.1,2
C. 1,2,4,3
D. 1,2,3,4

39.Which is Not associated with the System Approach?

A. David Easton
B. Black Box
C. Generalization
D. Input and Output
E. Feedback
F. Deeper analysis of parts and their interactions
40.Match list 1 and list 2
List 1(Thinkers of modernization/development) List 2(Books/Essay)
1. Huntington A. The Stages of Political Development
2. James Coleman B. Political development in the new states
3. Organski C. Political Development and Political Decay
4. Edward Shils D. The Development Syndrome

Options:
A. 1-C, 2-D, 3- B, 4-A
B. 1-B, 2-A, 3-A, 4-C
C. 1-C, 2-D, 3- A, 4-B
D. 1-A, 2-C, 3- B, 4-D

41.Which of these orientations was not stated by Almond and Verba with regard to
political culture:

A. Evaluative orientation
B. Cognitive orientation
C. Affective orientation
D. Objective Orientation

42.Which was Not one of the type of political culture formulated by Almond and Verba?
A. Homogeneous
B. Subject
C. Participative
D. Parochial
43.Combination of which types of political culture produces civic culture?
A. Subject and Parochial
B. Parochial and participative
C. Participative and Subject
D. Subject, Parochial, and Participative

44.Who mentioned 5 stages of development( in economic terms): 1) traditional society, 2)

preconditions to take-off, 3) take-off, 4) drive to maturity and 5) age of high mass
consumption?
A. Lucian Pye
B. James Coleman
C. W.W. Rostow
D. Edward Shils

45.Who combined culture to political development?

A. Lucian Pye
B. James Coleman
C. W.W. Rostow
D. Edward Shils

46.Who in his book ‘ Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy’ gave an elitist theory of
democracy by defining it as the method by which people elect representatives in
competitive elections to carry out their will?
A. Walter Lippman
B. Joseph Schumpeter
C. Robert Dahl
D. Robert Morrison MacIver
47.Elite Theory was ?
A. Anti-democratic
B. Anti- Pluralist
C. Anti-Fascist
D. Both A & B

48.Find the odd one out?

A. Vilfredo Pareto
B. Gaetano Mosca
C. Robert Dahl
D. Robert Michels
E. C Wright Mill
F. Ortega Gasset

49.Match list 1 and list 2

List 1(Electoral system) List 2(Country)
1. Majoritarian (FPTP) A. Germany
2. Two round runoff B. France
3. Preferential Voting C. India
4. Mixed member proportional representation D. Australia
Options:
A. 1-C, 2-D, 3- B, 4-A
B. 1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A
C. 1-C, 2-D, 3- A, 4-B
D. 1-A, 2-C, 3- B, 4-D
50.Match list 1 and list 2
List 1(Thinkers of Elite Theory) List 2(Concept/terms)
1. Vilfredo Pareto A. Iron Law of Oligarchy
2. Gaetano Mosca B. Theory of the Masses, Political Formula
3. Robert Michels C. Circulation of Elites, History is graveyard of
Elites, Lion & Fox

4. Ortega Gasset D. The Ruling Class

Options:
A. 1-C, 2-D, 3- B, 4-A
B. 1-B, 2-A, 3-A, 4-C
C. 1-C, 2-D, 3- A, 4-B
D. 1-A, 2-C, 3- B, 4-D
 Comparative Politics

ANSWER KEY WITH ADDITIONAL INFO

Question Answer Hint/additional Info

No. Key

1. B Studying human Behaviour was not part of the Traditional

Approach to Comparative Politics

2. I Legal-constitutional institutionalism was part of of the

Traditional Approach to Comparative Politics

3. B Must remember

4. A Lesser known fact but may be asked

5. D Because he compared 158 Constitutions of his time to

come up with 6 pure types of Constitution/Government

6. D Graham Wallas wrote ‘Human Nature in Politics’

Arthur Bentley wrote ‘The Process of Government’
Both these books help usher behavioural approach in
political science

7. D In this classic book Alexis de Tocqueville compares

Democracy in USA with France and other western
European nations

8. A Obvious fact but was asked in one PG ET

9. B New Institutionalism focuses on norms, beliefs, practices

shaping behaviours. These are soft aspect of institutions.

10. F As stated above Norms & belief are part of New

Institutionalism

11. D Reverse is correct, capitalism separated economic and

political domains
12. A Why? Because system approach does not look inside the
political system, it compares at system level only.

13. B General System theory was evolved by Ludwig von

Bertalanffy in 1968. This model subsequently adopted
by various disciplines of social science in following
sequence: Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology and
Political Science.
David Easton is considered as father of the system
approach in comparative politics

14. C Political communication is one of the 4 Input functions,

others are: Political socialisation, interest articulation,
interest aggregation,

15. C Reverse is true; old Institutionalism suffered more from

Eurocentrism and Ethnocentrism

16. C Remember 3 types of New Institutionalism

Structural New Institutionalism is also called historical
New Institutionalism

17. D

18. E Reverse is true; Progressive Comparativist opposed or

refuted the Modernization theory

Progressive Comparativist were influenced by neo-

Marxism, they propounded dependency theory

19. A Since, in parliamentary for, executive emerge from

legislature hence there is NO Strict Separation of power
between executive & legislature
20. C Unlike India, USA has Residual powers with the
Federal/central Government, Dual citizenship, Powerful
upper house( Senate), and a Short Constitution

21. B Very important fact; just memorise it

James Coleman wrote ‘he Development Syndrome:
Differentiation-Equality- Capacity’

22. B Oft-repeated

23. A The functionalism of Malinowski and the structural-

functionalism of Radcliffe-Brown were the dominant
paradigms of anthropology in early twentieth-century
Britain

24. C From UGC NET !

25. E The eight characteristics features of behaviouralism as

given by David Easton are as follows: (1) Regularities;
(2) Verification; (3) Techniques; (4) Quantification; (5)
Values; (6) Systematisation; (7) Pure Science; and (8)
Integration.

26. E 7 credo of relevance of Post-behaviouralism by Easton:

1. Substance 2. change 3. Brute reality 4. fact-value
synthesis 5. protect human values 6. action orientation 7.
Political scientists as actors of social change

27. B Swiss Constitution has provisions of Referendum, Recall,

Initiative, etc. which provides some elements of direct
Democracy

28. C Presently ongoing controversy of overturning of Roe vs

Wade court order is related to right to abortion granted
under the 14th amendments
19th amendments- voting rights to women
29. B Landmark Case in US affect all democracies, including
ours; hence, are important

30. B And Parliamentary supremacy is the feature of British

Constitutional convention
Indian Constitution also give supremacy to Judiciary in
deciding the validity of law

31. B Federal Council of Switzerland has 7 member; it is unique

institution of collective head of state/Government

32. B Doctrine of ‘due process of law’ is very much part of US

judiciary, in India it came from USA only.
‘Due process’ means that the court not only ensures that
laws are made procedure as per the Constitutional but also
the content and substance of the law, whether is fair, just,
and not arbitrary and against the natural justice.

33. D Remember them; may be asked as separate MCQs

34. A First 3 articles of US constitution deals with executive,

legislature, and Judiciary, their jurisdiction. This is based
on the principle of separation of power.
Principle of separation of power was given by
Montesquieu in his book ‘The Spirit of the Laws( 1748)’

35. E Totalitarianism is ideological and cultural project to bring

new civilisation by the state led by a political party.

36. A Foundational books of cp; must remember

37. A Oft-repeated
Remember ? S.E. Finer called pressure group anonymous
empire?

38. A From UGC NET, oft-repeated in PG ETs

39. F System approach does Not perform deeper analysis of
parts and their interactions; hence it is called black box
approach

40. C Must remember Thinkers of modernization/development

and their books/concepts

41. D

42. A

43. D

44. C

45. A Lucian Pye was pioneer in analysing political

development from cultural aspects

46. B For this, Joseph Schumpeter is considered as critic of the

classical Democracy; it is also considered as elitist view of
Democracy.

47. D Oft-repeated

48. C Robert Dahl was a pluralist thinker

Wrote ‘Who Governs?’, ‘ Polyarchy’ and ‘Democracy and
Its Critics’

49. B Very popular type of question, know few more

combinations

50. C Very important information;

May be asked as separate MCQs