DGT Scalars and Vectors PDF

DGT MH –CET 11th PHYSICS Study Material 1
Scalars & Vectors 1
02 Scalars and Vectors

Right hand screw rule in vectors
Syllabus a×b
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Addition and substraction of
vectors
2.2 Product of vectors a
If we have any two skew vectors a and b, the

right-hand rule is used to determine the
direction of third vector c. Vector c is normal
to the plane containing vectors a and b such
that c = a × b.
Formulae       
i. P  (Q  R )  P  Q  P  R

1. Magnitude of resultant of two vectors P and       
ii. P (Q  R )  P Q  P  R

Q : 7. Magnitude of resolution of a vector :
i. along two dimensional rectangular components
R  P 2  Q 2  2PQ cos 
R  R 2x  R 2y
2. Direction of resultant vector :
ii. along three dimensional rectangular components
1 
Q sin  
  tan   R  R 2x  R 2y  R 2z
 P  Q cos  

8. Angle of inclination of resultant with positive

Where P and Q are two adjacent vectors direction of X–axis :
3. Commutative law of vector addition :  Ry 
   
  tan 1  
P  Q  Q P  Rx 
4. Associative law of vector addition : 9. Scalar (dot) product of two vectors :
       
i. P . Q  PQ cos 
P (Q R )  ( P  Q)  R
5. Distributve law of multiplication over  
addition : P .Q
ii. cos    
      
i. | P || Q |
P  (Q  R )  P  Q  P  R
     
       iii. i  i  j  j  k k  1
ii. P (Q R )  P Q  P R
6. Distributive law of multiplication over      
iv. i  j  j  k  k i  0
subtraction :
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Scalars & Vectors 2

    Notes
v. If P  Px i  Py j Pz k
1. Scalars are added, subtracted and divided
    algebraically.
and Q  Q x i  Q y j  Q z k ,
2. Vectors are added and subtracted geometrically.
  3. The vectors acting in the same plane are called
P  Q  Px Q x  Py Q y  Pz Q z coplanar vectors. The vectors which are
perpendicular to each other are called orthogonal
10. Vector (cross) product of two vectors :
vectors.
 
i. 4. Commutative and associative laws are true for
P  Q  PQ sin 
vector addition but not true for subtraction of
  vectors.
P Q 5. Two vectors can be added by using either triangle
ii. sin    
law or parallelogram law of vector addition.
| P || Q |
 
iii. Unit vector perpendicular to the cross product 6. If two vectors P and Q lie at an angle , then
  the magnitude of their resultant is given by
 P Q
n R  P 2  Q 2  2PQ cos 
PQ sin 
i. If  = 00 i.e., two vectors are parallel then
iv. Cross product of unit vectors R=P+Q
      ii. If = 900 i.e., two vectors are perpendicular
i i  j  j  k  k  0 then
        
i  j  k, j  k  i , k  i  j R  P2  Q2
   
iii. If  = 1800 i.e., they have common point but
v. If P  Px i  Py j Pz k acting in opposite direction then
R=P–Q
    iv. Range of resultant of two vectors is,
and Q  Q x i  Q y j  Q z k ,
    
    | P Q |  | R |  | P Q |
P  Q  ( Py Q z  Pz Q y ) i  ( Px Q z  Pz Q x ) j 
7. If a vector P splits up into two rectangular

 ( Px Q y  Py Q x ) k components then it is given by
  
  
P  Px  Py
i j k  
  Horizontal component of P  P x  P cos 
 P  Q  Px Py Pz
 
Qx Qy Qz Vertical component of P  P y  P sin 
8. For three rectangular components i.e., along x, y
11. Direction cosine of a vector : and z axis
Rx Ry    
i. cos   ii. cos   P  Px  Py  Pz
R R
9. Division of vectors is not allowed as directions
Rz cannot be divided.
iii. cos  
R 10. Angle between two vectors can be determined
12. Area of parallelogram : either by using dot product or cross product of
| cross product of two vectors representing two vectors.
adjacent sides |    
13. Area of triangle :  P . Q(PQ cos ) P  Q(PQ sin )
1 00 PQ 0
× | cross product of two adjacent sides | 90 0
0 PQ
2
1800  PQ 0
Scalars & Vectors 3

Mindbenders      
ii. along ( i  j k ) is ( i  j k ) / 3
1. The magnitude of a vector is a scalar while
   
component of a vector is a vector. iii. along ( i  j) is ( i  j) / 2
2. A quantity having magnitude and direction is not
necessarily a vector. eg.: time, finite, angular 7. Two vectors are collinear if their dot product
displacement and electric current. These quantities equals the product of their magnitudes and their
have magnitude and direction but they are scalars. cross product is zero.
This is because they do not obey the laws of Flight of bird
vector addition.
3. The resultant of two vectors of unequal magnitude
can never be a null vector.
4. The magnitude of rectangular components of a
vector is always less than the magnitude of the
vector.
5. Unit vector does not have any dimensions and
unit. It is only used to specify direction.
6. If the frame of reference is rotated or displaced,
the vector will not change. If the frame of
reference is translated only the components of
the vector change. If the frame of reference is
rotated the components as well as direction
cosines of the vector change.
When a bird has to fly, it presses air with its
7. A physical quantity which has different values in two wings along on oblique direction. The
different directions is called a tensor. resultant of the reactions on the two wings
e.g.: Moment of inertia of the bird enables it to fly up in the sky.
Thus, it is an example of composition of
Shortcuts vectors.
    
1. If A1  A 2  A 3  ....  A n  0 and Multiple Choice Questions
A1 = A2 = A3 = .... = An then the adjacent vectors
Classical Thinking
2
are inclined to each other at an angle . 2.0 Introduction
n
1. Vectors are physical quantities which are
  
2. If A  B  C and A2 + B2 = C2, then the angle completely specified by _______ .
a) magnitude only
 
between A and B is 900. Also some values that b) number only
A, B and C can have are: c) direction only
i. A = 3, B = 4, C = 5 d) both magnitude and direction
ii. A = 5, B = 12, C = 13 2. The magnitude of a vector cannot be _______
iii. A = 8, B = 15, C = 17 a) zero b) negative
   
c) positive d) unity

3. If | A B || A  B | , then the angle between A 3. Which of the following is a scalar ?
a) Displacement b) Kinetic energy

and B is 900. c) Couple d) Momentum
   
4. Which of the following is a scalar ?
4. Angle between (A  B) and (A B) is 900. a) Torque b) Linear momentum
c) Electric field d) Electric potential
  
5. Angle between ( i  j) and i is 450 and that 5. Out of the following physical quantities which is
NOT a scalar ?
  
between ( i  j) and k is 900. a) Angular velocity b) Angular frequency
c) Number of moles d) Total path length
6. Unit vector : 6. Which of the following quantity is a vector ?
    a) pressure b) time
i. along ( i  j) is ( i  j) / 2
c) impulse d) charge
Scalars & Vectors 4

7. The vectors of the same quantity having same  
a) A and B act in the same direction
magnitude and same direction are called _______
a) parallel vectors b) equal vectors  
b) A and B act in the opposite direction
c) zero vectors d) negative vectors
8. A single vector which produces the same effect  
c) A and B are different physical quantities
of two or more vectors is called _______
 
a) position vector b) resultant vector d) A and B have same magnitude
c) positive vector d) equal vector 17. Law of polygon of vectors is a repeated use of
a) triangle law of vectors
2.1 Addition and subtraction of vectors b) parallelogram law of vectors
9. Choose the INCORRECT statement. c) addition of vectors in one dimension
a) Vectors having same direction can be added. d) multiplication law of vectors
b) Vectors having same magnitude can be added. 18. In parallelogram law of vectors, the direction of
c) Vectors having different physical quantities resultant vector is given by
can be added.
d) Vectors representing same physical quantity Q cos 
a) tan  
can be added. P  Q sin 
10. Vector subtraction is _______
Q sin 
a) non-commutative only b) tan  
b) non-associative only P  Q cos 
c) neither non-commutative nor non-associative P sin 
d) neither commutative nor associative c) tan  
P  Q cos 
11. The process of finding the resultant of two or
more vectors is called _______
P cos 
a) resolution of vectors d) tan  
P  Q cos 
b) addition of vectors only
c) subtraction of vectors only    
d) composition of vectors 19. If vector A  3 i  2 j 4 k , its magnitude is
12. The resultant of two vectors will be maximum, if
they are _______ a) 1 b) 3
a) equal vectors b) parallel vectors
c) 9 d) 29
c) coplanar vectors d) orthogonal vectors
13. The resultant of two vectors will be minimum, if    
they are 20. A vector is represented by P  3 i  j 2 k , its
a) equal vectors length in XY plane is
b) parallel to each other
c) coplanar vectors a) 2 unit b) 5 unit
d) perpendicular to each other
c) 10 unit d) 15 unit
14. The process of finding the components of a given
vector is called as _______    
21. The direction cosines of A   i  2 j 3 k is
a) composition of vector
b) multiplication of vector
1 2 3 1 2 3
c) addition of vector a) , , b)  , ,
d) resolution of vector 14 14 14 14 14 14
15. If the component of one vector in the direction of
another vector is zero, then those two vectors 1 2 3 1 2 3
c) , , d) , ,
are _______. 14 14 14 14 14 14
a) parallel to each other 22. In a cartesian coordinate system, the coordinate
b) opposite to each other of two points P and Q are (2, 3, –6) and (–2, –5, 7)
c) coplanar vectors
d) perpendicular to each other respectively, the vector PQ is represented by
         
16. Under what condition | A  B || A |  | B | holds a)  4 i  8 j 13 k b)  4 i  8 j 13 k
good ?
     
c) 4 i  8 j 13 k d)  4 i  8 j 13 k
Scalars & Vectors 5

23. Three coplanar vectors in arbitrary units are given a) 20 m/s b) 17.32 m/s
        c) 10 m/s d) 7 m/s
by A  4 i  2 j 3 k , B  i  j 3 k and
30. A body of mass 10 kg is placed on a smooth
    inclined plane making an angle of 300 with the
C  4 i  5 j 3 k , the resultant is horizontal, the component of the force of gravity
      trying to move the body down the inclined plane
a) 8 i  3 j 3 k b) 5 i  3 j 3 k is (g = 9.8 m/s2)
     
a) 98 N b) 49 N
c) 9 i  8 j 12 k d) 9 i  8 j 3 k c) 10 N d) 5 N
24. The unit vector parallel to the resultant of the
        2.2 Product of vectors
vectors A  4 i  3 j 6 k and B   i  3 j 8 k is
   
31. The vectors A  6 i  9 j 3 k and
1    1   
a) (3 i  6 j  2 k ) b) (3 i  6 j  2 k )    
7 7 B  2 i  3 j k are
1    1    a) parallel b) antiparallel
c) (3 i  6 j 2 k ) d) (3 i  6 j 2 k )
49 49 c) perpendicular d) identical
        32. Two vectors of different physical quantities can
25. If A  3 i  2 j 4 k and B  5 i  7 j 2 k , which be _____ to obtain a scalar
  a) added b) subtracted
vector when added to A  B will give unit vector
c) multiplied d) divided
along X–axis ? 33. Choose the WRONG statement.
      a) Scalar product of two vectors is a scalar
a) 7 i  5 j 2 k b)  7 i  5 j 2 k
quantity
      b) Dot product of two vectors obeys the
c)  7 i  5 j 2 k d) 7 i  5 j 2 k
distributive law of multiplication
26. The magnitude of the resultant of two vectors P
 c) Dot product of a vector with itself is zero
d) Scalar product of vector with itself is equal to

and Q is R. It is given by square of its magnitude
34. The scalar product of electric field intensity and
a) R  P  Q  2PQ sin  2 2 area vector through which the line of force
emerges is _______ .
b) R  P 2  Q 2  2PQ cos  a) electric potential
b) electric current
c) R  P 2  Q 2  PQ sin  c) electric charge density
d) electric flux
d) R  P 2  Q 2  PQ cos  35. The example of dot product is ______ .
27. Two equal forces acting at a point, at right angle a) angular momentum
to each other have a resultant of 14.14 N. The b) moment of force
magnitude of each force is c) linear velocity of terms of angular velocity
a) 28.28 N b) 24.14 N d) magnetic flux linked with the surface of
c) 10 N d) 7.07 N mangetic induction
28. A body is acted upon by two forces of magnitudes  
36. Two vectors A and B are at right angles to each
F1  2 N and F2 = 3 N which are inclined at
other then
450 to each other. The magnitude of resultant
force acting on the body is    
a) A . B  0 b) A  B  0
a) 17 N b) 11 N
 
c) 17 N d) 11 N
A B
29. The velocity of a body is 20 m/s making an angle c) 
0 d) 
0
of 300 with the horizontal, the vertical component B A
of velocity is
Scalars & Vectors 6

  46. The example of cross product is _______ .
37. Two vectors P and Q are given by a) power b) torque
        c) work d) electric flux
P  5 i  7 j 3 k and Q  2 i  2 j a k , If they        
47. If A  2 i  3 j 4 k and B  3 i  4 j 5 k then
are mutually perpendicular then value of 'a' is
a) 8 b) 5  
c) 3 d) – 8 A B is
       
38. A force of (5 i  6 j) N makes a body to move on a) i  2 j k b)  i  2 j k
       
a rough surface with a velocity of (4 i  2 k )m / s . c)  i  2 j k d)  i  2 j k
What is the power ?    
a) 8 unit b) 13 unit 48. Determine a vector product of A  i  j k and
c) 14 unit d) 24 unit    
   B  3 i  j 2 k
39. A constant force of (2 i  3 j 5 k ) N produces a
     
   a) 3 i  j 4 k b)  3 i  j 4 k
displacement of (3 i  2 j 2 k )m . Then work
     
done is c) 3 i  j 4 k d)  3 i  j 4 k
a) 5 J b) 15 J
         
c) 22 J d) 50 J 49. If P  i  2 j k and Q  3 i  j k then P Q
   
40. The angle between the vectors P  3 i  j 2 k is
     
    a)  3 i  4 j 5 k b) 3 i  4 j 5 k
and Q  i  2 j 3 k is
     
a) 1200 b) 900 c) 3 i  4 j 5 k d) 3 i  4 j 5 k
0
c) 60 d) 450
41. The angle between the following pair of vectors    
50. Linear momentum p  2 i  4 j 5 k and position
       
A  i  j k and B   i  j 2 k is    
vector is r  3 i  j 2 k , the angular momentum
a) 1500 b) 1200
c) 900 d) 300 is given by
42. What is the dot product of two vectors of      
magnitude 3 and 5, if the angle between them is a) 3 i  19 j 14 k b) 13 i  19 j 14 k
600 ?      
a) 15 b) 8 c)  3 i  19 j 14 k d)  13 i  11 j 14 k
c) 7.5 d) 5.3 51. The area of triangle formed by the sides of vector
43. The vector product of two vectors is a vector
 
whose direction is given by A and B is
a) Left hand thumb rule    
b) Right hand thumb rule a) | A  B | b) | A . B |
c) Fleming's left hand rule
d) Biot–Savart's rule 1   1  
c) | A .B | d) | A  B |
44. The magnitude of self cross product is 2 2
a) zero 52. The area of the triangle having two sides
b) magnitude of vector        
c) square of the magnitude of vector A  i  2 j 2 k and B  2 i  2 j 3 k is
d) half the magnitude of vector
45. The vector product of two non-zero vectors is a) 45 sq. unit b) 22.5 sq. unit
zero c) 4.717 sq. unit d) 9.43 sq. unit
a) only when they are in the same direction 53. Area of parallelogram whose adjacent sides are
b) only when they are making angle 600      
c) only when they are perpendicular ( i  2 j 3 k )m and ( i  3 j k )m is
d) whey they are parallel or antiparallel
Scalars & Vectors 7

a) number and unit b) number only
a) 50 m 2 b) 150 m 2
c) unit only d) neither number nor unit
c) 25 m2 d) 75 m 2 2. A vector is not changed if ______ .
a) it is divided by a scalar
Miscellaneous b) it is multiplied by a scalar
        c) it slides parallel to itself
54. If P  i  2 j 4 k and Q  i  2 j k then d) all of these
3. The velocity vector of a stationary particle is
   
 P  Q    P  Q  is a) zero vector
    b) vector with magnitude of velocity vector
a) 5 b) 15 c) scalar
c) 25 d) 115 d) scalar with magnitude of velocity vector
        4. If the angle between two collinear vectors is 
55. If A  2 i  3 j 4 k and B  i  2 j 3 k . The radians, vectors are said to be ______ .
a) antiparallel vectors
     
value of  2 A  B . A  2 B  is b) parallel vectors
   c) similar vectors
a) 30 b) 40 d) identical vectors
c) 55 d) 90 5. If the angular displacement is large, it is a scalar
56. A particle moves from position quantity because
    a) its magnitude for large values cannot be
s 1  (3 i  3 j 6 k )m to position of calculated
    b) it is not coplanar for large values
s 2  (14 i  13 j 9 k )m , under the action of a force c) it will not obey the commutative law of vector
    addition
F  ( 4 i  j 3 k ) N . The work done by the force is d) it will not obey principle of homogeneity
a) 200 J b) 100 J 6. Angular momentum is
c) 75 J d) 50 J a) a scalar b) a polar vector
c) an axial vector d) none of these
Walking of a person
2.1 Addition and subtraction of vectors
7. The component of a vector may be
a) equal to its magnitude
b) double its magnitude
c) greater than its magnitude
d) either greater or equal to its magnitude
Force of the
road on you 8. Which of the following is NOT essential for three
Force on the road
forces to produce zero resultant ?
a) They should be in same plane
b) It should be possible to represent then by the
three sides of a triangle taken in the same order
c) They should act along the sides of
Walking on a person is an example of resolution parallelogram
of a vector. When a person walks, he presses the
ground obliquely, in the backward direction. The d) The resultant of any two forces should be equal
ground offers an equal and opposite reaction in and opposite to the third force
the opposite direction. The vertical component 9. Following sets of three forces act on a body.
of this reaction balances the weight of the Whose resultant cannot be zero ?
person. The horizontal component helps the
a) 10, 10, 10 b) 10, 10, 20
person to walk.
c) 10, 20, 30 d) 10, 20, 40
Critical Thinking 10. If more than three forces are acting on a heavy
rigid body such that the body is in balanced state,
2.0 Introduction then all the forces are
1. Scalars are physical quantities which are a) collinear
completely specified by _______ . b) coplanar
Scalars & Vectors 8

c) acting in random direction 1    1   
d) represented by the sides of a polygon of c) ( i  j k ) d) ( i  j k )
2 3
vectors
     
  19. If A  2 i  6 j and B  4 i  3 j , the vector
11. The vector projection of a vector 3 i  4 k on
Y–axis is 
having the same magnitude as B and parallel to
a) five b) four

c) three d) zero A is
  
12. A vector is represented by 3 i  j 2 k . Its length 5   10  
a) (2 i  6 j) b) ( i  3 j)
in XY plane is 2 4
a) 2 b) 14 10   10  
c) ( 4 i  3 j) d) ( i  3 j)
c) 10 d) 5 4 2
20. If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector,
13. A particle is simultaneously acted by two forces
then magnitude of difference is
equal to 4 N and 3 N. The net force on the particle
is a) 2 b) 3
a) 7 N b) 5 N
1
c) 1 N d) between 1 N and 7 N c) d) 5
2
 
14. The vectors A and B are such that 
21. A vector a is turned without a change in its length
   
| A  B || A  B | . The angle between the two 
through a small angle d. The value of |  a |
vectors is
a) 900 b) 1800 and a are respectively

c) 0 0 d) 450 B a
15. The resultant of two vectors at right angles is 5 N.
If the angle between them is 1200 and the resultant a A
is 13 then the vectors are d a
a) 3 N, 4 N b) 2 N, 5 N O
a) 0, ad b) ad, 0
c) 3 N, 4 N d) 7 N, 3 N c) 0, 0 d) ad, ad
 22. A vector of magnitude a is rotated through angle
16. A is a vector with magnitude A, then the unit . What is the magnitude of the change in the
 
vector A in the direction of A is vector ?
a) 2 a sin /2 b) 2 a cos /2
  
a) A A b) A . A c) 2 a sin  d) 2 a cos 
  
 23. The resultant of two vector P and Q is R . If
  A
c) A A d) 
A the magnitude of Q is doubled, the new resultant
  
17. If a unit vector is represented by 0.5 i  0.8 j c k 
becomes perpendicular to P . Then the magnitude
then the value of c is 
of R is
a) 0.01 b) 0.11
a) P + Q b) Q
c) 1 0.39 d) PQ
18. A unit vector in the direction of the negative of c) P d)
2
   2.2 Product of vectors
the vector ( i  j k ) is
24. A force vector applied on a mass is represented as
1   
  
   
a) ( i  j  k ) b) 3 ( i  j k )
2
F  6 i  8 j 10 k and accelerates with 1 m/s .
3
What will be the mass of the body in kg ?
Scalars & Vectors 9

a) 10 2 b) 20    
32. If A . B  0 and A  B  0 , then which of the
c) 2 10 d) 10 following conditions is necessary ?
        a) A = 1, B = 0 b) A = 0 and B = 0
25. Vectors A  2 i  3 j a k and B  12 i  b j 6 k
c) A = 0 or B = 0 d) A = 0, B = 1
are parallel to each other, then value of 'a' and 'b' 33. If the ratio of the dot product of two vectors and
are
cross product of same two vectors is 3 , the
a) 1, 18 b) 1, – 18
c) – 1, 18 d) – 1, – 18 two vectors make angle
  
a) 300 b) 450
26. If a vector 2 i  3 j 8 k is perpendicular to the c) 90 0
d) 1200
  
vector 4 i  4 j m k , then the value of m is Miscellaneous
34. Select the WRONG one.
1 1
a) b)     
2 2 a) P  Q  Q  P
c) 1 d) – 1

         
27. A force F  3 i  c j 2 k acting on a particle b) P   Q  R    P  Q   R
   
displaces it. The displacement is given by    
    c) P . Q  Q . P
s  4 i  2 j 3 k in its own direction. If the work

done is 6 J, then value of 'c' is      
d) P   Q  R   P Q P R
a) 0 b) 1  
c) – 6 d) 12
 
  
35. If A and B are two vectors then
28. Work done when a force of (7 i  4 j 4 k ) N
     
moves a body through a distance of 10 metre in  A  B    A  B  is
its own direction is    
a) 160 J b) 120 J
   
c) 90 J d) 10 J a) 2 B  A  b)  B  A 
           
29. If P  i  2 j 3 k and Q  4 i  2 j 6 k , the
     
  c) 2 A  B  d) 2 A  B 
angle made by P  Q with X–axis is    
a) 300 b) 450   
 
36. Given P . P  Q   P then the angle between
0
2
c) 60 d) 900
30. Choose the CORRECT statement.  
a) The vector product does not obey commutative  
law but obeys distributive law of multiplication P and Q is

b) The vector product obeys commutative law a) 0 0 b) 300
0
of multiplication but does not obey distributive c) 45 d) 900
law of multiplication 37. Assertion : If dot product and cross product of
c) The vector product does not obey both  
commutative and distributive law of A and B are zero, it implies that one of the vector
multiplication  
d) The vector product obeys both commutative A and B must be a null vector..
and distributive law of multiplication Reason : Null vector is a vector with zero
magnitude.
  
31. The sine of the angle between 3 i  j 2 k and a) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason is
a correct explanation for Assertion.
  
2 i  2 j 4 k is b) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason is
not a correct explanation for Assertion
a) 1 b) 0.91 c) Assertion is True, Reason is False
c) 0.76 d) 0.67 d) Assertion is False, Reason is True
Scalars & Vectors 10

   
38. Assertion : A B is perpendicular to both c) lies between A and B
     
A  B as well as A  B d) lies between A and  B
        
Reason : A  B as well as A  B lie in the plane. 4. If | A  B || A |  | B | , then angle between A and
a) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason is 
a correct explanation for Assertion. B will be
b) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason is a) 900 b) 1200
not a correct explanation for Assertion c) 0 0
d) 600
c) Assertion is True, Reason is False 5. A bird flies from (–3 m, 4 m, –3 m) to
d) Assertion is False, Reason is True (7 m, –2 m, –3 m) in XYZ co–ordinates. The
39. A small ball is hung by a string fixed to a wall. bird's displacement in unit vectors is given by
The ball is pushed away from the wall. The forces     
acting on the ball are shown in the diagram. Which a) (4 i  j 6 k ) b) (10 i  6 j)
of the following statements is wrong ?     
c) (10 i  6 j) d) (10 i  6 j 6 k )
T   
6. The magnitudes of vectors A , B and C are 3,
 
  
4 and 5 unit respectively. If A  B  C , the angle
P  
between A and B is
W
  
a) P = W tan  b) T  P  W  0  
C B
c) T2 = P2 + W2 d) T = P + W

Competitive Thinking A

2.0 Introduction a) b) cos–1(0.6)
1. Surface area is 2
a) Scalar
1  7  
b) Vector c) tan   d)
c) Neither scalar nor vector 5 4
d) Both scalar and vector 7. A person goes 10 km north and 20 km west. What
will be the displacement from initial point ?
2.1 Addition and subtraction of vectors 20 km
B
2. Can the resultant of 2 vectors be zero ? C
a) Yes, when the 2 vectors are same in magnitude
and direction 10 km
b) No
c) Yes, when the 2 vectors are same in magnitude A
but opposite in sense a) 22.36 km b) 2 km
d) Yes, when the 2 vectors are same is magnitude c) 5 km d) 20 km
8. A particle has displacement of 12 m towards east
2
making an angle of with each other.. and 5 m towards north then 6 m vertically upward.
3 The sun of these displacement is
  a) 12 m b) 10.04 m
3. Two vectors A and B are acting in the same
c) 14.31 m d) None of these
 9. Two equal forces are acting at a point with an angle
plane and the vector C is perpendicular to the
of 600 between them. If the resultant force is equal
plane. The resultant of these vectors
a) may be zero to 40 3 N , the magnitude of each force is
b) can not be zero a) 40 N b) 20 N
c) 80 N d) 30 N

0 0
10. The resultant force of 5 N and 10 N cannot be a) 60 b) 90
a) 12 N b) 8 N c) 1000 d) 1200
c) 4 N d) 5 N 18. Two forces 3 N and 2 N are at an angle  such
11. The maximum and minimum magnitude of the that the resultant is R. The first force is now
resultant of two given vectors are 17 units and 7 increased to 6 N and the resultant because 2R.
units respectively. If these two vectors are at right The value of  is
angles to each other, the magnitude of their a) 300 b) 600
0
resultant is c) 90 d) 1200
a) 18 b) 16 19. The resultant of two forces 3P and 2P is R. If the
c) 14 d) 13 first force is doubled then the resultant is also
        doubled. The angle between the two forces is
12. If a  4 i  j , b  3 i  2 j and c   k . Then a) 600 b) 1200
0
 c) 70 d) 1800
the unit vector r along the direction of sum of
 
20. Two vectors A and B have equal magnitudes.
these vectors will be
         
1 1 If magnitude of A  B is equal to n times the
a) r  ( i  j k ) b) r  ( i  j k )
3 2   
magnitude of A  B , then angle between A and
  1   
1   
c) r  ( i  j k ) d) r  ( i  j k )   
3 2 B , then angle between A and B is
13. The resultant of two forces, one double the other
1  n  1 
2
1  n  1   
in magnitude, is perpendicular to the smaller of a) cos   b) cos  n2 1
the two forces. The angle between the two forces  n 1  
is
1  n  1 
2
a) 600 b) 1200 1  n  1   
c) sin   d) sin  n2 1
c) 150 0
d) 900  n 1  
14. Two forces are such that the sum of their 21. The angle between two vectors A and B is .
magnitudes is 18 N and their resultant is Vector R is the resultant of the two vectors. If R
perpendicular to the smaller force and magnitude
of resultant is 12 N. Then the magnitudes of the 
makes an angle with A, then
forces are 2
a) 12 N, 6 N b) 13 N, 5 N
B
c) 10 N, 8 N d) 16 N, 2 N a) A = 2B b) A 
15. Two forces with equal magnitudes F act on a 2
body and the magnitude of the resultant force is c) A = B d) AB = 1
F 2.2 Product of vectors

. The angle between the two forces is
3 22. The magnitude of the component of the vector
    
1  17  1  1  2 i  3 j k along 3 i  4 k is
a) cos    b) cos   
 18   3
1 14
a) b)
1 
2 1  8  2 5
c) cos    d) cos   
 3  9
6
16. Two forces of equal magnitude F are at a point. c) 2 d)
5
If  is the angle between two forces then
 
magnitude of the resultant force will be 23. A and B are two vectors given by
       
a) 2F cos b) F cos A  2 i  3 j and B  i  j . The magnitude of the
2 2
 
F  component of A along B is
c) 2F cos  d) cos
2 2
5 3
17. Two equal vectors have a resultant equal to either a) b)
of them. The angle between them is 2 2
7 1  3 1  1 
c) cos  2 
1
c) d) d) cos  
2 2
   2
   
24. If the two vectors A  2 i  3 j 4 k and  
31. The angle between the vectors ( i  j) and
   
B  i  2 j x k are perpendicular then the value  
( j k ) is
of x is
a) 300 b) 450
a) 1 b) 2 0
c) 60 d) 900
c) 3 d) 4
32. A particle moves in the x–y plane under the action
       
25. The vector P  a i  a j 3 k and Q  a i  2 j k 
of a force F such that the value of its linear
are perpendicular to each other. The positive 
value of a is momentum ( P ) at any time t is Px = 2 cos t,
a) 3 b) 4
 
c) 9 d) 13 Py = 2 sin t. The angle  between F and P at a
   given time t will be
26. Consider two vectors, F1  2 j 5 k and
a)  = 00 b) = 300
   c) = 90 0
d) = 1800
F 2  3 j 4 k . The magnitude of the scalar 33. In an clockwise system
product of these vectors is     
a) 20 b) 23 a) j k  i b) i . i  0
c) 5 33 d) 26    
c) j j  1 d) k . j  1
  
27. A force (4 i  j 2 k ) N acting on a body  
34. For vectors A and B making an angle  which
  
maintains its velocity at (2 i  2 j 3 k )ms 1 . The one of the following relations is correct ?
     
power exerted is a) A B  B A b) A B  AB sin 
a) 4 W b) 5 W      
c) 2 W d) 8 W c) A B  AB cos  d) A B   B A
     
28. When A . B   | A || B | , then 35. A vector A points vertically upward and B points
   
a) A and B are perpendicular to each other towards north. The vector product A B is
 
a) zero b) along west
b) A and B act in the same direction c) along east d) vertically downward
  36. Which of the following relation is not correct ?
c) A and B act in the opposite direction
     
a) V   r b) V  r  
 
d) A and B can act in any direction
  
29. The angle between the two vectors, c) s   r d) V = r
37. What is the value of linear velocity, if
   
    
 A  3 i  4 j 5 k  and B  3 i  4 j 5 k m will        
    3 i  4 j k and r  5 i  6 j 6 k
be      
a) zero b) 450 a) 6 i  2 j 3 k b) 6 i  2 j 8 k
0
c) 90 d) 1800
     
    c) 4 i  13 j 6 k d) 18 i  13 j 2 k
30. The angle  between the vector p  i  j k and
     
unit vector along X-axis is 38. If A B  B A , then angle between A and B
is
1  1  1  1 
a) cos   b) cos   a)  b) /3
 3  2 c) /2 d) /4

      
39. What is the torque of force F  (3 i  j 5 k ) 44. If | V1  V 2 || V1  V 2 | and V2 is finite, then
acting at point whose position vector is a) V1 is parallel to V2
    
r  7 i  3 j k ? b) V1  V 2
c) V1 and V2 are mutually perpendicular
     
a) 14 i  38 j 16 k b) 4 i  4 j k  
d) | V1 || V 2 |
     
c)  14 i  38 j 16 k d)  21 i  3 j 5 k   
45. A particle moves from position 3 i  2 j 6 k to
40. If a particle of mass m is moving with constant
  
velocity v parallel to x-axis in x-y plane as shown
14 i  13 j 9 k due to a uniform force of
in figure, its angular momentum with respect to
origin at any time t will be   
(4 i  j 3 k ) N . If the displacement is in metre
y
then work done will be
a) 100 J b) 200 J
 c) 300 J d) 250 J
v
  
46. A force F  K ( y i  x j) (where K is a positive
b
constant) acts on a particle moving in the X–Y
plane. Starting from the origin, the particle is taken
O along the positive X–axis to the point (a, 0) and
x
 
then parallel to the Y–axis to the point (a, a). The
a) mvb k b)  mvb k 
total work done by the force F on the particle is
 
c) mvb i d) mv i a) –2Ka 2 b) 2Ka 2
2
41. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are c) –Ka d) Ka 2
47. The vector sum of two forces is perpendicular to
  
represented by the two vectors i  2 j 3 k and their vector difference. In that case, the forces
a) are not equal to each other in magnitude
  
3 i  2 j k . What is the area of parallelogram ? b) cannot be predicted
c) are equal to each other
a) 8 b) 8 3 d) are equal to each other in magnitude
48. Which of the following statement is true ?
c) 3 8 d) 192 a) When the coordinate axes are translated the
  component of a vector in a plane changes
42. Three vectors satisfy the relation A . B and
b) When the coordinate axes are rotated through
   some angle components of the vector change
A . C  0 , then A is parallel to but the vector's magnitude remains constant
      
a) B C b) B. C c) Sum of a and b is R . If the magnitude of
   
c) C d) B a alone is increased, angle between b and
Miscellaneous 
     
R decreases
43. If | A B | 3 A . B then the value of | A  B | is  
d) The cross product of 3 i and 4 j is 12
1/ 2
 2 AB   
a)  A  B  
2
49. If a and b are two vectors then the value of
 3
   
b) A + B ( a  b )  ( a  b ) is
c) (A 2  B 2  3AB)1/ 2    
a) 2( b a ) b)  2( b a )
d) (A2 + B2 + AB)1/2
   
c) ( b  a ) d) a  b

 
50. The angle between the vectors A and B is .
  
 
The value of the triple product A . B A  is
 
2
a) A B b) Zero
c) A2B sin  d) A2B cos .
Slingshot
A slingshot works on the principle of

parallelogram law of vectors addition.
Tension in both sides of rubber forms two
arms of the parallelogram. When an arrow
is released, it moves under the action of
resultant tension in forward direction with
gram speed.
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DGT Scalars and Vectors PDF

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DGT MH –CET 11th PHYSICS Study Material 1

Scalars & Vectors 1

02 Scalars and Vectors

If we have any two skew vectors a and b, the

Scalars & Vectors 2

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is 13 then the vectors are d a

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law but obeys distributive law of multiplication P and Q is

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F 2.2 Product of vectors

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A slingshot works on the principle of

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