CHAPTER 7 – SUMMARY NOTES

Listen to the lecture and complete the summary notes. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each blank.

Topic: How siblings (1) ______________________ one another

Main idea 1: What research says about (2) ___First-born___________________

● First-born children: often very successful

- 50% of US presidents: first-borns
- 45% of (3) ______________________ (1960-1999): first-borns
- 21/ first 23 astronauts: first-borns
● Oldest children: more (4) __educative,smarter____________________than younger siblings
🡪 have (5) _more money_____________________
● Study about people born b/w 1912-1975:
- Oldest children: more successful
- Only one children: very successful
- Younger siblings: less education
● Middle-born children:
- least likely to receive (6) _financial support_____________________for education
- least likely to do as well in school
🡪 get least (7) ___attention___________________, have more (8)
__problems___________________at schools and tend to suffer financially later in life (earn less pay
or more likely to work part-time job)
Main idea 2: (9) _____Possible reasons_________________
● First-borns:
- (10) __Higher birth weight____________________🡪 more chance to succeed
- Spend more time alone with parents
🡪 get more attention, more (11) ___mental stimulation___________________and more
constructive feedback from parents
🡪 succeed in school & have (12) ___ ___________________in life later thanks to the development of
confidence and (13) _______problem-solving skill_______________drawn from this environment
🡪 be more mature thanks to higher (14) ______________________ from parents
● Middle children:
- grow up in an environment surrounding with other children
🡪 have to (15) _____compete with_________________other kids for parents’ attention and
(16) ____________economic resources__________
● Youngest children:
- receive more attention and resource because their older siblings are already (17) ________grown
enough ______________
Main idea 3: Factors that can lead to the differences within families and have an effect on development
and success
● (18) ____Gender__________________:
- Sons: allowed more independence, assigned fewer household chores, less (19)
____critize__________________
E.g: father - spend more time with sons and more involve in sons’ activities and schoolwork
🡪 sons have (20) ______________________to be successful
● (21) _______Gene______________:
- Some kids – smarter or inherited traits helping them more successful in life
● (22) _____Family size_________________: even more important than birth- order
- Disparities – more likely to exist in large families & poor families
● (23) ________Hardships______________:
E.g: divorce or change of family economics (father losing job, death of a family member, house
destruction from a fire, etc)
🡪 affect different children in different ways 🡪 affect children’s future success

1.