READING AND WRITING

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Christian Danielle C. Cañares | Module 3 | Second Semester

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At the end of the lesson, the student is expected to:

• Find out the meaning of a well-organized text;

• Identify the components and structure of an effective essay; and
• Write an organized text

How do you understand the meaning of a text?

Many students have problems comprehending expository text because they

can’t see the basic structure of text. Dymoch (2005)

What is Organization in writing?

- Organization is the structural framework for writing.

- Organization is the logical progression and completeness of ideas in a
text.

TEXT ORGANIZATION

PHYSICAL TEXT STRUCTURE

PRESENTATION

Textual cues Expository and narrative

✓ Headings * Grammar
✓ Sub-headings
✓ Locating the main idea
✓ Topic sentence
✓ Thesis statement
Text chunks

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 How do you know if a text or essay is organized?

IMPORTANT FEATURES OF AN ORGANIZED TEXT:

1. FOCUS
Examples:
I was glad when the COVID restrictions ended and the shopping
mall was open. Then we all shopped and bought lots of new outfit
and most fashionable color this year is yellow. When I got home I
immediately went on facebook to show off my clothes haul to my
social media followers.

I was glad when the COVID restrictions ended and the shopping
mall was open. At last I could meet with my friends and hang out at
the food court. I immediately called them and they agreed to go out
with me. Then we all shopped and bought lots of new outfit and
most fashionable color this year is yellow. When I got home I
immediately went on facebook to show off my clothes haul to my
social media followers.
2. Development- main idea and supporting idea
Example:
Touch is our most intimate and powerful means of communication.
A doctor makes the mother feel her baby to give her satisfaction
after her birth labor. The mother caresses the new born and gives
the baby a feeling of love and security that will be the foundation of
the self. A father taps the shoulder of his son boost the sagging
morale of the latter. a son holds his father’s hand in a final goodbye.
A friend embraces another friend to drive away the latter’s
loneliness. These are tactile stimulation oftentimes spell a difference.
3. Unity- oneness of idea
Touch is our most intimate and powerful means of communication.
A doctor makes the mother feel her baby to give her satisfaction
after her birth labor. The mother caresses the new born and gives
the baby a feeling of love and security that will be the foundation of
the self. A father taps the shoulder of his son boost the sagging
morale of the latter. a son holds his father’s hand in a final goodbye.
A friend embraces another friend to drive away the latter’s
loneliness. These are tactile stimulation oftentimes spell a difference.

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 TOPIC SENTENCE: beginning of the paragraph
CONTROLLING IDEA: touch intimate, powerful communication
SUPPORTING DETAILS: sentences 2-5
CLINCHING SENTENCE: last sentence

REMEMBER:
S- single idea
T- topic sentence
T- ( appropriate) technique
C- connectives

At the end of our lesson, you are expected to:

• Identify the difference between cohesion and coherence;

• Explore a cohesive and coherent composition; and
• Write a coherent composition

COHESION
As the act of forming a whole unit
A subset of coherence.
Focused on the grammatical aspect of writing.
Degree to which sentences are connected

COHERENCE

Quality of being logical, consistent and able to be understood

Rhetorical, aspects of writing which include developing and supporting
your argument, synthesizing and integrating reading, organizing and
clarifying ideas.

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 ANALOGY:

A text will be cohesive if cohesive ties are used. However, it will only be
coherent if the cohesive ties are used appropriately to create meaning.

REMEMBER:
“You can have cohesion without coherence but you cannot have
coherence without cohesion.”

Coherence--------- logical order

Cohesion ---------- helpful links

ACTIVITY TIME!
I had the most beautiful experience when I went to the zoo. I saw different
kinds of birds. But it was my first time to see a carabao flying. (10 points each)

Is the sentence mentioned above cohesive?

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Is the text coherent?

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