Air

Pollution
Air Pollution

Air pollution is contamination

of the indoor or outdoor
environment by any chemical,
physical or biological agent
that modifies the natural
characteristics of the
atmosphere.
 Sources of Air Pollution
ADNAN

Human-made sources
✓Coal-fueled power plants Air Pollution
contribute a lion’s share to air pollution

✓Vehicle Emissions
“vehicles are a major source of air pollution”
- Mallari
✓Home Appliance (Air Conditioning
units)
air conditioning causes emissions of sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide to
increase by hundreds to thousands of metric tons
✓Volcanic Activities
Release of chemicals such as sulfur and
chlorine gases
✓Forest Fires Air Pollution
releasing large quantities of carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide and fine particulate
matter into the atmosphere
✓Biological decay
release of methane

Natural Sources
 Air Pollution
However, unlike pollutants from
Air Pollution
human activity, naturally occurring
pollutants tend to remain in the
atmosphere for a short time and do
not lead to permanent atmospheric
change.
 Pollutants
ABDILLAH

Carbon Monoxide
Air Pollution
a colorless odorless very toxic gas “CO” that
is formed as a product of the
incomplete combustion of carbon or a carbon compound

Lead
is a naturally occurring bluish-gray metal
found in small amounts in the
earth's crust and can be found in all parts of our
environment
Nitrogen Oxides
a family of poisonous, highly reactive gases.
These gases form when fuel is burned at high
temperatures.

Ground-level ozone
Air Pollution
a colorless and highly irritating gas that
forms just above the earth's surface

Particle pollution
also called particulate matter (PM) — is made
up of particles (tiny pieces) of solids or liquids
that are in the air
Sulfur Dioxide
a colorless gas with a pungent odor. It is a
liquid when underpressure, and it dissolves in water
very easily
 Air Pollution
Effects to Human Health
ABA
 Increases the risk of :

o Respiratory infections and lung

cancer Air Pollution
o Heart disease
o Cataract
o Skin cancer
o Sunburn
o Aging skin
Respiratory system
o The hair in our nose filters out large particles. The sticky
mucus in the lining of the upper respiratory tract captures
smaller particles and dissolves some gaseous pollutants.

Air Pollution
When the upper respiratory system is irritated by pollutants
sneezing and coughing expel contaminated air and mucus.
o Prolonged smoking or exposure to air pollutants can overload
or breakdown these natural defense causing or contributing
to diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, chronic bronchitis
and emphysema.
 Vulnerable Factors Against Air pollution
o Elderly people
o Infants
o Pregnant women
o Air Pollution
People with heart disease, asthma, or other
respiratory diseases.
Cigarette Smoking
Carbon Monoxide
Air Pollution
o Atleast 0.001% can cause of collapse, coma
and even death.

o When attached to hemoglobin in blood;

Impairs of perceptions and thinking,
headaches, drowsiness, dizziness and
nausea.

o In heavy traffic; Headaches, drowsiness

and blurred vision.
Cigarette Smoking
Sulfur dioxide
Air Pollution
o Irritates respiratory tissue

o Causes conditions similar to bronchitis

o When reacts to water, oxygen and etc;

corrosive to the lungs when inhaled.
Cigarette Smoking
Nitrogen Oxide
Air Pollution
When penetrated the human body:
o Irritate the lungs
o Aggravate the asthma
o Chronic bronchitis
o Influenza
o Common colds
Volatile organic compounds
o Benzene
o Formaldehyde
o Lead
Air Pollution
o Cadmium
o Ozone

o Effects
o Mutations, Reproductive problems or cancer
o Coughing, Chest pain, Breathlessness and
Irritation in eyes, nose and throat.
Ultraviolet Radiation
It weakens the immune system by
suppressing the resistance of the whole
body to certain infections like measles,
Air Pollution
chicken pox, and other viral diseases
that elicit rash and parasitic diseases
such as malaria introduced through the
skin.
Global Warming
Widely known as climate change, we can observe
that these past few months, changes in climate has
been occurring often. A crisis is imminent if
preservation and normalization measures are not done
Air Pollution
immediately, as shown by the rise in sea levels,
melting of ice from colder places and icebergs,
displacement, and loss of habitat.

Effects on Environment
ABDULLAH
Acid Rain
When fossil fuels are burned, harmful chemicals
like nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are discharged
into the environment. When it rains, the water
droplets react with these contaminants in the air to
Air Pollution
generate acidic rain, which then falls to the earth.
Humans, animals, and crops can all suffer significant
harm from acid rain.
Wildlife effects
Similar with humans, animals are also
experiencing devastating effects cause by the air
pollution. Wildlife can be poisoned by air pollutants
through disruption of endocrine function, organ
Air Pollution
damage, increased susceptibility to stresses and
illnesses, decreased reproductive success, and even
death.
Depletion of the Ozone layer
Manufactured chemicals are the main causes of
ozone depletion. Ozone layer is a natural thin filter
that absorbs most of the sun’s burning ultraviolet
rays, if the ozone is depleted, too much uv radiation
Air Pollution
towards Earth will increase resulting to the rise of
skin cancer cases, and impaired immune systems.
Health Problems
Air pollution are known to be the cause of
major respiratory problems such as asthma, chronic
bronchitis, heart attacks, stroke, etc. It also
affects the children’s health. Premature delivery,
Air Pollution
autism, asthma, and spectrum disorders in early
children are all brought on by high amounts of air
pollution exposure during pregnancy.
Laws in the Philippines related
to Air Pollution
ANONAT
Document No. Subject Date Approved
Republic Act No. An Act Providing For A June 23,1999
8749 otherwise known Comprehensive Air
as the Philippine Pollution Control
Clean Air Act of 1999 Policy And For Other
Purposes
 Document No. Subject Date Approved
Republic Act No. An act providing for January 26, 2001
9003 also known as an ecological solid
Ecological Solid Waste waste management
Management Act of 2000 program, creating the
necessary
institutional
mechanisms and
incentives, declaring
certain acts
prohibited and
providing penalties,
appropriating funds
therefor, and for
other purposes
Document No. Subject Date Approved
Republic Act No. An act to control October 26, 1990
6969 or also known as toxic substances and
"Toxic Substances and Hazardous and nuclear
Hazardous wastes, providing
and Nuclear Wastes Penalties for
Control Act of 1990." violations thereof,
and for other
Purposes

Republic Act No. An act to promote December 2008

9512 or also known as environmental
Environmental awareness
Awareness and Through Environmental
Education Act of 2008 education and for
other purposes
Document No. Subject Date Approved
Republic act no. The Act declares as August 18, 1976
3931,Commonly known national policy "to
as the pollution maintain reasonable
control law standards of purity
for the waters and of
this country with
their utilization for
domestic,
agricultural,
industrial and other
legitimate purposes".
Document No. Subject Date Approved
Executive Order Mandating The Phase- June 23,1999
1997-446 Out Of Leaded Gasoline
As One Of The Means Of
Solving Air Pollution

DAO 1998-46 1998 Revised Rules and

Regulations for the
Prevention, Control
and Abatement of Air
Pollution from Motor
Vehicles
Document No. Subject Date Approved
DAO 2020-14 Establishing the October 21, 2020
Breakpoints for
Particulate Matter 2.5
(PM2.5) Air Quality
Index (AQI) and
Amending Section 5 (a)
of DAO 2013-13
“Establishing the
Provisional National
Ambient Air Quality
Guideline Values for
Particulate Matter 2.5
(PM2.5)”
Document No. Subject Date Approved
DAO 2000-81 Implementing Rules and October 21, 2020
Regulations for RA
8749

DAO 2004-13 Designation of North May 18, 2004

Cotabato Geothermal
Airshed and its
Governing Board
Document No. Subject Date Approved
DAO 2004-53 Guidelines To August 31, 2004
Implement The Tax
Incentives Provision
Under Section 13 Of
Republic Act No. 8749
Otherwise Known As The
Philippine Clean Air
Act

DAO 2004-26 Amending Rule XIX of August 25, 2004

DENR Administrative
Order No. 2000-81
(Implementing Rules
and Regulations of RA
8749)
Document No. Subject Date Approved
DENR – DOST JAO Adopting Environmental January 16, 2006
2006-01 Technology
Verification Protocol
(ETVP)
Government Agencies that
Mandates and Support in
fighting Air Pollution
 Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR)

Department of Transportation and

Communication (DOTC)

Department of Science and

Technology ( DOST)
Department of Energy (DOE)

Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and astronomical
Service Administration (PAGASA)

Philippine Nuclear Research

Institute (PNRI)

Department of Education (DepEd)

Commission on Higher Education
(CHED)

Department of Interior and Local

Governments (DILG)

Philippine Information Agency

(PIA)
Technologies that helps to minimize Air Pollution
One of the effective means of controlling air
pollution is to have proper equipment in
place.
 Gravitational
settling chambers
Gravity settling chambers are
the oldest and simplest means
of removing large diameter
suspended particles from a gas.
High-efficiency settling
chambers are often fitted with
baffles or deflectors to change
the gas flow direction.
Cyclone Separator

Cyclone separators or simply

cyclones are separation
devices (dry scrubbers) that
use the principle of inertia
to remove particulate matter
from flue gases. Cyclone
separators is one of many air
pollution control devices
known as pre-cleaners since
they generally remove larger
pieces of particulate matter.
Fabric Filter
Fabric filter is the technical term for what is commonly known as
a baghouse or dust collector. A fabric filter is an air pollution
control device that removes particulate matter from a process gas
stream before it is emitted into the atmosphere.
Electrostatic Precipitator

An electrostatic precipitator is a type of filter (dry scrubber)

that uses static electricity to remove soot and ash from exhaust
fumes before they exit the smokestacks. This one common air
pollution control device. Most power stations burn fossil fuels
such as coal or oil to generate electricity for use.
Thermal Incineration

Thermal oxidation (thermal incineration) is a widely used air

pollution control technique whereby organic vapors are oxidized
at high temperatures. It is the process of oxidizing combustible
materials by raising the temperature of the material above its
auto-ignition point in the presence of oxygen and maintaining it
at high temperature for sufficient time to complete combustion to
carbon dioxide and water.
Wet Scrubbers

Wet Scrubber is an air pollution control device which uses a

liquid to remove contaminants from a gas stream. The removal
process is achieved by bringing the gas stream into contact with
the scrubbing liquid, which facilitates mass transfer of the
contaminants into the liquid.
Jet Venturi Fume Scrubber

The Jet-Venturi Fume Scrubber is one of the most economical

answers to the growing problem of air pollution. It is an
efficient means for minimizing smoke and undesirable odors,
cleaning and purifying air and other gases as well as reclaiming
valuable product which may be exhausting to atmosphere.
Fans and Blowers

The usual method for moving gases under moderate pressures is

with some type of fan. The fan is important in all industrial
plants. It is the heart of any system that demands that air be
supplied, circulated, and exhausted in a way that provides a safe
and comfortable environment. For industrial plants, the needs of
heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and pollution control are
fulfilled by fans and blowers.
Biofilters

Biofiltration is a relatively recent air pollution control (APC)

technology in which off-gases containing biodegradable volatile
organic compounds (VOC) or inorganic air toxics are vented
through a biologically active material. It is used to treat air
from mechanically ventilated buildings that use fans to control
airflow. The ventilating fans allow contaminated air to be
collected and directed to a biofilter.
 Main Preventive Measures for
Air Pollution
There are ways to prevent, control and
eventually reduce air pollution:

o Renewable fuel and clean energy

production
o Energy conservation and efficiency
o Eco-friendly transportation
o Recycling and Reuse of Products
o Reduce the Use of Chemicals
o Plant trees
o Raise awareness
END