The material flow theory captures the effects of the U.

S economy on transport and logistics

management systems on a macro level. It emphasizes the significance of the uninterrupted flow
of materials, people and goods across the supply chain as its lack thereof is linked to
inefficiencies, delays, unsustainability, and higher costs. Using the material flow school of
thought encourages the eradication of barriers to effective transport and logistics management
system. Its application manifests in leveraging the redefinition of travel behavior change and
improvements in mobility for accurate demand planning. Precise forecasts are an important
aspect of transport and logistics management as it provides insight into inventory demand,
production planning, material ordering processes, and road traffic regulation.

Preventing delays in material flow and addressing traffic congestion also warrants
comprehensive understanding of how road users respond to the availability of transportation
resources and supportive frameworks to enable the movement of people and goods from one
place to another. The most used assumption in predicting travel demand is that it follows laws of
supply and demand; thus, travelers use economic rationality in the decision-making process.
Adherence to the laws of supply and demand manifests in how traffic congestion is a tragedy of
the commons; roads are a public utility thus usage is marred by over-consumption and
subsequent depletion of the common rusers'e to all user's detriment (FThe transportation network
is alippi, 2022). A crucial component of the logistics and supprtation network. It entails
transporting raw materials, semi-finished commodities, and finished goods to the locations where
they will be used. Planning and scheduling transportation activities, using the proper modes of
trans when they are needed, and coordinating transportation activities with other logistics tasks
like warehousing, demand planning, and inventory management are all part of optimizing
transportation networks.