EAPP Reviewer

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
REVIEW OF THE PAST
LESSONS
LESSON 1: DEFINITION OF ACADEMIC TEXT
What is text?
Text is defined by Webster as the main body

of a book or other piece of writing, as
district from other material such as notes,
appendices, and illustrations.
In linguistics it is defined as “any stretch of

language perceived as a connected
purposeful whole.”
It may be in the written or spoken form

produced by one person or more.
Hollo & Collins (2000) used the term

“text” as interchangeably
with discourse.
What is cohesion?
Cohesion is the way in which writing

sticks together.
It refers to the connectivity in a text.

What is coherence?
Coherence is the logical unity and

organization of ideas in a text.
Logically orders
Having clarity
It is created by the way it makes sense to

readers and writer through the accessibility of
its ideas and concepts (Cohesion), and its
grammatical aspects of different elements
which holds the ideas together (Coherence).
What is academic text?

Academic text is a piece of language

(text) used for academic purposes or in
relation to academic courses (subject)
such as textbooks and the like.
Academic text is critical, objective, specialized

text written by experts or professionals in a
given field using formal language. Also, it is
used in a certain profession for different
purposes.
It uses formal objective,

concise language and does not use slang
and contractions. Also, it uses referencing
and citations.
Minor Grammatical Units:

Sentences, clauses, phrases, and words.
Major Grammatical Units:

Paragraphs and compositions.
LESSON 2: PARAGRAPH AND ITS PARTS
What is paragraph?
Paragraph is a set of related sentences

having only one idea embodied in a topic
sentence. It consists of a topic sentence
and a supporting sentence.
What is topic sentence?

Are the sentences that contains the

gist (main idea) of the paragraph and
it grabs the attention of the readers.
What is supporting sentence?

are the one that develops or

support the main idea of a
paragraph.
What is deductive pattern?

A paragraph whose topic

sentence is stated in the beginning.
What is inductive pattern?


sentence is stated at the end.
What is deductive-inductive
pattern?

sentence is stated in the beginning
and restated in the end.
What is inductive-deductive
pattern?

sentence is stated in the middle.
What is hinted pattern?


sentence is not stated but implied.
What is Independent Paragraph?

A paragraph that can stand on its

own. An independent paragraph
usually has three (3) parts - a topic
sentence, supporting sentences,
and concluding sentence.
What is Introductory Paragraph?

A paragraph that introduce the

topic (main idea) of the whole
composition.
What is hook?
serves as an attention-
grabber to the readers and lure
them to make them learn more.
What is thesis statement?

A thesis statement is one sentence

that expresses the main idea of the
essay or the composition. It makes
claim, directly answering a question.
What is Developmental
Paragraph?
A paragraph that develops and

supports the main idea in the
entire composition.
What is Transitional Paragraph?

A paragraph that connects two or

more paragraphs using transitional
words or conjunctions.
What is Concluding Paragraph?

A paragraph that serves to end the

entire composition. It summarizes
the main Idea of the paragraphs from
introduction to body and
emphasizes its point.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF PARAGRAPH
Introductory Paragraph
Developmental
Paragraph
Transitional Paragraph
Concluding Paragraph
LESSON 3: WRITING AN ACADEMIC TEXT
What is IBC format?

I – ntroduction
B – ody
C – onclusion
What is ABC format?

A – bstract
B – ody
C – onclusion
What is PVR format?

P – review
V – iew
R – eview
What is Discourse?
“any stretch of language larger

than a sentence whether written
or spoken and has a logically
consistent and unified structure”
(Hollo and Collins, 2000).
What is Argumentation?
A form of discourse that serves

to argue or persuade the
audience to change his mind or
to take an action.
What is Description?
A form of discourse that describe

the characteristics or qualities
of someone or something using
the five (5) senses.
What is Exposition?
A form of discourse that explain

and inform.
What is Narration?
A form of discourse that serves

to narrate or tell a story and it
appeals to the emotion.
__________ are the language

that is used in a certain field or
profession.
It is the language of the

mothers and used in the field
of parenting.
It is the language used by the

diplomats in the field of
foreign affairs.
It is the language of lawyers.

The terms are used in the field
of law.
It is the language used by

businesspeople in the field of
commerce and industry.
It is the language of doctors and

medical specialists. Terms used in
the field of medicine.
It is the language used by

texters in the field of texting
or telegraphy.
It is the language used by the

computer experts in the field
of information technology.
It is the language of the

technocrats in the field of
Science and Technology.
It is the language used in the field

of journalism and used by the
journalists.
It is the language of
teachers in the field of
education.
LESSON 4: SUMMARIZING AND
PARAPHRASING
What is Outlining?
PARAPHRASING
Is a logical way of putting things

in order in short. It is the skeletal
framework of ideas that helps the
author to arrange the topic based on
its importance.
PARAPHRASING
What is Alphanumeric System?

PARAPHRASING
This system makes use of

alphabet letters, numerical
numbers and periods.
PARAPHRASING
PARAPHRASING
What is Decimal System?

PARAPHRASING
It shows clearly how each level

are related to the larger whole.
also, it is used to note the main
topics and subsequent
subheadings.
PARAPHRASING
PARAPHRASING
What is Topic Outline?

PARAPHRASING
Makes use of words, phrases

and clauses
PARAPHRASING
What is Sentence Outline?

PARAPHRASING
A complete sentence is used

for each topic and subtopics.
PARAPHRASING
What is Paragraph Outline?

PARAPHRASING
Uses the main topic (main

idea) of the paragraph.
PARAPHRASING
What is Summarizing?
PARAPHRASING
Is the short or condense version

of the original piece and it helps
you to eliminate and separate
the essential information by
reducing it to its key ideas.
PARAPHRASING
What is Paraphrasing?
PARAPHRASING
Is creating a new version of

the original piece by
translating the text into your
own words.
PARAPHRASING
Paraphrasing means formulating

someone else’s ideas in your own
words. To paraphrase a source, you have
to rewrite a passage without changing
the meaning of the original text.
PARAPHRASING
1. Read the passage several times to fully understand the

meaning
2. Note down key concepts
3. Write your version of the text without looking at the original
4. Compare your paraphrased text with the original passage and
make minor adjustments to phrases that remain too similar
5. Cite the source where you found the idea
PARAPHRASING
Original passage:
In The Sopranos, the mob is besieged as much by inner infidelity as it

is by the federal government. Early in the series, the greatest threat
to Tony's Family is his own biological family. One of his closest
associates turns witness for the FBI, his mother colludes with his
uncle to contract a hit on Tony, and his kids click through Web sites
that track the federal crackdown in Tony's gangland.
PARAPHRASING
Paraphrased passage:
In the first season of The Sopranos, Tony Soprano’s mobster activities

are more threatened by members of his biological family than by
agents of the federal government. This familial betrayal is multi-
pronged. Tony’s closest friend and associate is an FBI informant, his
mother and uncle are conspiring to have him killed, and his children
are surfing the Web for information about his activities.

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ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND

Text is defined by Webster as the main body

In linguistics it is defined as “any stretch of

It may be in the written or spoken form

Hollo & Collins (2000) used the term

Cohesion is the way in which writing

It refers to the connectivity in a text.

Coherence is the logical unity and

It is created by the way it makes sense to

What is academic text?

Academic text is a piece of language

Academic text is critical, objective, specialized

It uses formal objective,

Minor Grammatical Units:

Major Grammatical Units:

Paragraph is a set of related sentences

What is topic sentence?

Are the sentences that contains the

What is supporting sentence?

are the one that develops or

What is deductive pattern?

A paragraph whose topic

What is inductive pattern?

A paragraph whose topic

A paragraph whose topic

A paragraph whose topic

What is hinted pattern?

A paragraph whose topic

What is Independent Paragraph?

A paragraph that can stand on its

What is Introductory Paragraph?

A paragraph that introduce the

What is thesis statement?

A thesis statement is one sentence

A paragraph that develops and

What is Transitional Paragraph?

A paragraph that connects two or

What is Concluding Paragraph?

A paragraph that serves to end the

What is IBC format?

What is ABC format?

What is PVR format?

“any stretch of language larger

A form of discourse that serves

A form of discourse that describe

A form of discourse that explain

A form of discourse that serves

__________ are the language

It is the language of the

It is the language used by the

It is the language of lawyers.

It is the language used by

It is the language of doctors and

It is the language used by

It is the language used by the

It is the language of the

It is the language used in the field