Maths Practice Worksheets PDF

INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE
Mathematics: applications and interpretation
MAI
EXERCISES [MAI 1.4-1.5]

ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES
Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis
A. Paper 1 questions (SHORT)
SEQUENCES (IN GENERAL)
1. [Maximum mark: 5]
Consider the sequence u n : 2, 5, 10, 3, 7, 4, .
(notice that there is no particular pattern in this sequence)
(a) Write down the values of u1 and S1 . [2]
(b) Write down the values of u 2 and S 2 . [2]
(c) Find S 5 . [1]
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Consider the (simplest) sequence u n : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, .
(a) Write down the values of u 2 and u 20 . [2]
(b) Find the value of S 5 . [2]
(c) Express the value of u n in terms of n . [1]
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Page 1
[MAI 1.4-1.5] ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES
Consider the sequence u n given by u n = 10n
(a) Find the first three terms . [2]
(b) Find u10 [1]
(c) Find S 1 , S 2 and S 3 . [3]
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Consider the sequence u n given by u n = 10n 2
(b) Find u10 [1]
(c) Find S 1 , S 2 and S 3 . [3]
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Consider the sequence u n given by u n = 10 n
(b) Find u10 [1]
(c) Find S 1 , S 2 and S 3 . [3]
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Page 2
Consider the sequence u n given by the recursive definition
u1 = 10 , u n +1 = u n + 10
(b) Find S 1 , S 2 and S 3 . [3]
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Consider the sequence u n given by the recursive definition
u1 = 10 , u n +1 = 2u n + 10
(b) Find S 1 , S 2 and S 3 . [3]
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Page 3
3
(a) Express ∑ ( 2r )
r =1
as a sum of three terms and find the result. [2]
3
(b) Express ∑r
r =1
2
3
(c) Express ∑2
r =1
r
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10 20 20
(a) Find A = ∑r =1
(2r 2 + 1) , B= ∑
r =1
(2r 2 + 1) , C= ∑ ( 2r
r =11
2
+ 1) [by GDC] [3]
(b) Find a relation between A , B and C . [2]
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Page 4
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES

Consider the arithmetic sequence 11, 15, 19, 23,
(a) Write down the first term u1 and the common difference d . [1]
(b) Find u101 and S101 [4]

(c) Find the sum of the first 20 terms. [2]
(d) Express the general term u n in the form u n = an + b [2]
(e) Hence find the value of n given that u n = 51 [2]
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Page 5

(a) Write down the first three terms of the sequence un = 3n, for n ≥1. [1]
20 100
(b) Find (i) ∑n =1
3n ; (ii) ∑ 3n .
n = 21
[5]
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Let un = 3 – 2n.
(a) Write down the value of u1, u2, and u3. [3]
20
(b) Find ∑ (3 − 2n) .
n =1
[3]
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Page 6

The first three terms of an arithmetic sequence are 7, 9.5, 12.
(a) What is the 41st term of the sequence? [2]
(b) What is the sum of the first 101 terms of the sequence? [2]
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An arithmetic series has five terms. The first term is 2 and the last term is 32. Find the
sum of the series.
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Page 7

In an arithmetic sequence, u1 = 2 and u3 = 8.
(a) Find d. [2]
(b) Find u20. [2]
(c) Find S20. [2]
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16. [Maximum mark: 4

In an arithmetic sequence, the first term is 5 and the fourth term is 40. Find the second
term.
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Page 8

Consider the arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, .....
(a) Find u101. [2]
(b) Find the value of n so that un = 152. [3]
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Consider the arithmetic sequence 3, 9, 15, ..., 1353.
(a) Write down the common difference. [1]
(b) Find the number of terms in the sequence. [3]
(c) Find the sum of the sequence. [2]
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Page 9

The nth term of an arithmetic sequence is given by un = 5 + 2n.
(a) Write down the common difference. [1]
(b) (i) Given that the nth term of this sequence is 115, find the value of n.
(ii) For this value of n, find the sum of the sequence. [5]
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An arithmetic sequence, u1, u2, u3, ..., has d = 11 and u27 = 263.
(a) Find u1. [2]
(b) (i) Given that un = 516, find the value of n.
(ii) For this value of n, find Sn. [4]
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Page 10

Find the sum of the arithmetic series 17 + 27 + 37 +...+ 417.
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51
Calculate the sums (a) 7 + 10 + 13 + 16 + L + 157 (b) ∑ (3r + 4)
r =1
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Page 11

Consider the arithmetic series 2 + 5 + 8 +....
(a) Find an expression for Sn, the sum of the first n terms. [2]
(b) Find the value of n for which Sn = 1365. [2]
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Let Sn be the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence, whose first three terms
are u1, u2 and u3. It is known that S1 = 7, and S2 = 18.
(a) Write down u1. [1]

(b) Calculate the common difference [3]
(c) Calculate u4. [2]
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Page 12

In an arithmetic sequence, the first term is –5 , while the fifth term is 27.
(a) Find the common difference d. [2]
(b) Find the eleventh term of the sequence. [1]
(c) Find the sum of the first eleven terms. [2]
(d) Given that the n-th term is 155, find the value of n. [3]
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Page 13

In an arithmetic sequence, the first term is –2, the fourth term is 16, and the nth term is
11 998.
(a) Find the common difference d. [3]
(b) Find the value of n. [3]
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In an arithmetic sequence u1 = 7, u20 = 64 and un = 3709.
(a) Find the value of the common difference. [3]
(b) Find the value of n. [2]
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Page 14

The 5th term of an arithmetic sequence is 30, while the 13th term is 70.
(a) Find the first term u1 and the common difference d. [3]
(b) Find the general term u n in terms of n. [1]
(c) Find the sum of the first n terms in terms of n. [1]
th
(d) Find the 20 term of the sequence and the sum of the first 20 terms. [2]
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Page 15

In an arithmetic sequence u21 = –37 and u4 = –3.
(a) Find (i) the common difference; (ii) the first term. [4]
(b) Find S10. [3]
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In an arithmetic series, the first term is –7 and the sum of the first 20 terms is 620.
(a) Find the common difference. [3]
(b) Find the value of the 78th term. [2]
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Page 16

In an arithmetic sequence, S40 = 1900 and u40 = 106. Find the value of u1 and of d.
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In an arithmetic sequence, let S1=10, and S2=25
(a) Write down u1 and u 2 . [2]
(b) Find the common difference d. [1]
(c) Find S3 and S4. [2]
(d) Express Sn in terms of n. [1]
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Page 17

Consider the arithmetic sequence 11, 15, 19, 23,
(a) Find the number of terms which are less than 100. [3]
(b) Find the last term which is less than 100. [2]
(c) Find the sum of all terms which are less than 100. [2]
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Find the sum of the positive terms of the arithmetic sequence 85, 78, 71, ....
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Page 18

Consider the arithmetic series − 6 + 1 + 8 + 15 + L
Find the least number of terms so that the sum of the series is greater than 10 000.
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The first three terms of an arithmetic sequence are a + 3, 2a + 4 and a + 9.
(a) Find the value of a. [3]
(b) Confirm the result. [2]
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Page 19
PROBLEMS

Gwendolyn added the multiples of 3, from 3 to 3750 and found that
3 + 6 + 9 + … + 3750 = s.
Calculate s.
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Arturo goes swimming every week. He swims 200 metres in the first week.
Each week he swims 30 metres more than the previous week. He continues for one
year (52 weeks).
(a) How far does Arturo swim in the final week? [3]
(b) How far does he swim altogether? [3]
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Page 20

A theatre has 20 rows of seats. There are 15 seats in the first row, 17 seats in the
second row, and each successive row of seats has two more seats in it than the
previous row.
(a) Calculate the number of seats in the 20th row. [4]
(b) Calculate the total number of seats. [2]
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Each day a runner trains for a 10 km race. On the first day she runs 1000 m, and then
increases the distance by 250 m on each subsequent day.
(a) On which day does she run a distance of 10 km in training? [2]
(b) What is the total distance she will have run in training by the end of that day?
Give your answer exactly. [2]
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Page 21

An 81 metre rope is cut into n pieces of increasing lengths that form an arithmetic
sequence with a common difference of d metres. Given that the lengths of the shortest
and longest pieces are 1.5m and 7.5m respectively, find the values of n and d
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A woman deposits $100 into her son’s savings account on his first birthday. On his
second birthday she deposits $125, $150 on his third birthday, and so on.
(a) How much money would she deposit into her son’s account on his 17th birthday? [2]
(b) How much in total would she have deposited after her son’s 17th birthday? [2]
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Page 22

A teacher earns an annual salary of 45 000 USD for the first year of her employment
Her annual salary increases by 1750 USD each year.
(a) Calculate the annual salary for the fifth year of her employment. [3]
She remains in this employment for 10 years.

(b) Calculate the total salary she earns in this employment during these 10 years. [3]
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A concert choir is arranged, per row, according to an arithmetic sequence. There are 20
singers in the fourth row and 32 singers in the eighth row.
(a) Find the common difference of this arithmetic sequence. [3]
There are 10 rows in the choir and 11 singers in the first row.
(b) Find the total number of singers in the choir. [3]
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Page 23

Mr Jones decides to increase the amount of money he spends on food by d GBP every
year. In the first year he spends a GBP. In the 8th year he spends twice as much as in
the 4th year. In the 20th year he spends 4000 GBP. Find the value of d.
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A tree begins losing its leaves in October. The number of leaves that the tree loses
each day increases by the same number on each successive day.
Date in October 1 2 3 4 .....................

Number of leaves lost 24 40 56 72 .....................
(a) Calculate the number of leaves that the tree loses on the 21st October. [2]
(b) Find the total number of leaves that the tree loses in the 31 days of the month of
October. [2]
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Page 24
B. Paper 2 questions (LONG)

Clara organizes cans in triangular piles, where each row has one less can than the row
below. For example, the pile of 15 cans shown has 5 cans in the bottom row and 4 cans
in the row above it.
(a) A pile has 20 cans in the bottom row. Show that the pile contains 210 cans. [4]
(b) There are 3240 cans in a pile. How many cans are in the bottom row? [4]
(c) (i) There are S cans and they are organized in a triangular pile with n cans in
the bottom row. Show that n2 + n − 2S = 0.
(ii) Clara has 2100 cans. Explain why she cannot organize them in a triangular
pile. [6]
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Page 25

Consider the arithmetic sequence 1, 4, 7, 10, 13,
(a) Find the value of the eleventh term. [2]
n
(b) Show that the sum of the first n terms of this sequence is (3n – 1). [2]
2
(c) Hence find the sum of the first 100 terms in this arithmetic sequence. [2]
(d) The sum of the first n terms is 477.
(i) Show that 3n2 – n – 954 = 0.
(ii) Using your graphic display calculator find the number of terms, n. [4]
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Page 26

The first three terms of an arithmetic sequence are
2k + 3, 5k − 2 and 10k −15.
(a) Show that k = 4. [3]
(b) Find the values of the first three terms of the sequence. [2]
(c) Write down the value of the common difference. [1]
(d) Calculate the 20th term of the sequence. [2]
(e) Find the sum of the first 15 terms of the sequence. [2]
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Page 27

The first three terms of an arithmetic sequence are
x2 – 3, x2 and 4x
(a) When x = 3, the sequence is arithmetic.
(i) Write down the first three terms.
(ii) Find the common difference. [3]
(c) Find the other value of x for which the sequence is arithmetic. [4]
(d) For this value of x (found in question (c))
(i) write down the first three terms.
(ii) find the common difference.
(iii) find the sum of the first 4 terms [5]
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Page 28
MAI
EXERCISES [MAI 1.6]

GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES
Consider the geometric sequence 10, 20, 40, 80, …
(a) Write down the first term u1 and the common ratio r . [1]
(b) Find the 10th term of the sequence. [2]
(d) Express the general term u n in terms of n . [1]
(e) Hence find the value of n given that u n = 20480 [2]
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Page 1
[MAI 1.6] GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES
Consider the geometric sequence 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, …
(a) Write down the first term u1 and the common ratio r . [1]
(b) Find the 10th term of the sequence. [2]
(d) Express the general term u n in terms of n . [1]
(e) Hence find the value of n given that u n = 0.3125 [2]
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Page 2
The first four terms of a sequence are 18, 54, 162, 486.
(a) Use all four terms to show that this is a geometric sequence. [2]
th
(b) (i) Find an expression for the n term of this geometric sequence.
(ii) If the nth term of the sequence is 1062 882, find the value of n. [4]
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n
Let u n = 3 × 2 .
(a) Write down the value of u1, u2, and u3. [3]
3
(b) Express ∑ (3 × 2 ) as a sum of three terms and find the result.
n =1
n
[2]
12
(c) Find ∑ (3 × 2 ) .
n =1
n
[1]
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Page 3
1
Consider the geometric sequence 8, a, 2,… for which the common ratio is .
2
(a) Find the value of a. [1]
(b) Find the value of the eighth term. [2]
(c) Find the sum of the first twelve terms. [3]
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Consider the geometric sequence 16, 8, a, 2, b, …
(a) Write down the common ratio. [1]
(b) Write down the value of (i) a; (ii) b. [2]
(c) The sum of the first n terms is 31.9375. Find the value of n. [3]
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Page 4
A geometric sequence has all its terms positive. The 1st term is 7 and the 3rd term is 28.
(a) Find the common ratio. [3]
(b) Find the sum of the first 14 terms. [3]
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The seventh term, u7, of a geometric sequence is 108. The eighth term, u8, of the
sequence is 36.
(a) Write down the common ratio of the sequence. [1]
(b) Find u1. [2]
The sum of the first k terms in the sequence is 118 096.
(c) Find the value of k. [3]
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Page 5
Consider the infinite geometric sequence
3000, – 1800, 1080, – 648, … .
(a) Find the common ratio. [2]
th
(b) Find the 10 term. [2]
(c) Find the sum of the first 10 terms correct to 2 decimal places.
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A geometric sequence has a first term of 2 and a common ratio of 1.05.
Find the value of the smallest term that is greater than 500.
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Page 6

The first term of a geometric sequence is 5 while the fourth term is 40. Find
(a) Find the common ratio r. [2]
(b) Find the fifth term. [1]
(c) Find the sum of the first ten terms. [2]
(d) Fins the smallest value of n given that the n-th term exceeds 1000. [2]
(e) Find the first term that exceeds 1000. [1]
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Page 7

The first term of a geometric sequence is 500 while the fourth term is 62.5. Find
(a) Find the common ratio r. [2]
(b) Find the fifth term. [1]
(c) Find the sum of the first ten terms correct to 3 decimal places.
(d) Find the smallest value of n given that the n-th term is less than 10. [2]
(e) Find the first term which is less than 10. [1]
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Page 8

1 1
In a geometric series, u1 = and u4 = .
81 3
(a) Find the value of r. [3]
(b) Find the smallest value of n for which Sn > 40. [3]
(c) Confirm the result in (b) by finding the appropriate consecutive sums. [2]
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A geometric sequence has second term 12 and fifth term 324.
(a) Calculate the value of the common ratio. [3]
(b) Calculate the 10th term of this sequence. [3]
(c) The kth term is the first term that is greater than 2000. Find the value of k. [3]
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Page 9

A geometric sequence has first term u1 and common ratio r . Find the values of u1 and
of r in each of the following cases:
(a) if u 7 = 3645 and u10 = 98415 [3]
(b) if u 7 = 98415 and u10 = 3645 [3]
(c) if S 2 = 20 and S 4 = 200 [3]
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Page 10

Let 5, x, 45, y be consecutive terms of a geometric sequence.
(a) Find the possible values of x. [3]
(b) Hence find the possible values of y. [3]
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Let k, 2k, k+60 be consecutive terms of a sequence. Find the value of k
(a) if the sequence is arithmetic. [3]
(b) if the sequence is geometric. [3]
(c) Confirm the results (a) and (b). [2]
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Page 11

The three terms a, 1, b are in arithmetic progression. The three terms 1, a, b are in
geometric progression. Find the value of a and of b given that a ≠ b.
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(a) The first term of an arithmetic sequence is –16 and the eleventh term is 39.
Calculate the value of the common difference. [3]
16
(b) The third term of a geometric sequence is 12 and the fifth term is . All the
3
terms in the sequence are positive. Calculate the value of the common ratio. [4]
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Page 12

The first term of an arithmetic sequence is 0 and the common difference is 12.
(a) Find the value of the 96th term of the sequence. [2[
The first term of a geometric sequence is 6. The 6th term of the geometric sequence is
equal to the 17th term of the arithmetic sequence given above.
(b) Write down an equation using this information and hence calculate the common
ratio of the geometric sequence. [3]
The n-th term of the arithmetic sequence is equal to the n -th term of the geometric
sequence above.
(c) Find the possible value of n. [3]
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Page 13
PROBLEMS

The annual fees paid to a school for the school years 2000, 2001 and 2002 increase as
a geometric progression. The table below shows the fee structure.
Year Fees (USD)
2000 8000.00
2001 8320.00
2002 8652.80
(a) Calculate the common ratio for the increasing sequence of fees. [2]
In parts (b) and (c) give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
The fees continue to increase in the same ratio.

(b) Find the fees paid for 2006. [2]
A student attends the school for eight years, starting in 2000.

(c) Find the total fees paid for these eight years. [2]
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Page 14

Ann and John go to a swimming pool.
They both swim the first length of the pool in 2 minutes.
The time John takes to swim a length is 6 seconds more than he took to swim the
previous length.
The time Ann takes to swim a length is 1.05 times that she took to swim the previous
length.
(a) (i) Find the time John takes to swim the third length.
(ii) Show that Ann takes 2.205 minutes to swim the third length. [3]
(b) Find the time taken for Ann to swim a total of 10 lengths of the pool. [3]
(c) Find the time taken for John to swim a total of 10 lengths of the pool. [4]
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Page 15

The tuition fees for the first three years of high school are given in the table below.
Year Tuition fees (in dollars)

1 2000
2 2500
3 3125
These tuition fees form a geometric sequence.

(a) Find the common ratio, r, for this sequence. [2]
(b) If fees continue to rise at the same rate, calculate (to the nearest dollar) the total
cost of tuition fees for the first six years of high school. [2]
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The population of Bangor is growing each year. At the end of 1996, the population was
40 000. At the end of 1998, the population was 44 100. Assuming that these annual
figures follow a geometric progression, calculate
(a) the population of Bangor at the end of 1997; [2]
(b) the population of Bangor at the end of 1992. [3]
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Page 16

Portable telephones are first sold in the country Cellmania in 1990. During 1990, the
number of units sold is 160. In 1991, the number of units sold is 240 and in 1992, the
number of units sold is 360.
In 1993 it was noticed that the annual sales formed a geometric sequence with first
term 160, the 2nd and 3rd terms being 240 and 360 respectively.
(a) What is the common ratio of this sequence? [1]
Assume that this trend in sales continues.

(b) How many units will be sold during 2002? [3]
(c) In what year does the number of units sold first exceed 5000? [4]
Between 1990 and 1992, the total number of units sold is 760.
(d) What is the total number of units sold between 1990 and 2002? [2]
During this period, the total population of Cellmania remains approximately 80 000.
(e) Use this information to suggest a reason why the geometric growth in sales would
not continue. [1]
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Page 17

(a) Consider the geometric sequence −3, 6, −12, 24, ….
(i) Write down the common ratio.
(ii) Find the 15th term. [3]
Consider the sequence x − 3, x +1, 2x + 8, E.

(b) When x = 5, the sequence is geometric.
(i) Write down the first three terms.
(ii) Find the common ratio. [2]
(c) Find the other value of x for which the sequence is geometric. [4]
(d) For this value of x,
(i) write down the first three terms of the geometric sequence.
(ii) find the common ratio of the geometric sequence . [3]
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Page 18

A geometric progression G1 has 1 as its first term and 3 as its common ratio.
(a) The sum of the first n terms of G1 is 29 524. Find n. [3]
1 1 1
A second geometric progression G2 has the form 1, , , …
3 9 27
(b) State the common ratio for G2. [1]
(c) Calculate the sum of the first 10 terms of G2. [2]
(d) Explain why the sum of the first 1000 terms of G2 will give the same answer as
the sum of the first 10 terms, when corrected to three significant figures. [1]
(e) Using your results from parts (a) to (c), or otherwise, calculate the sum of the first
1 1 1
10 terms of the sequence 2, 3 , 9 , 27 …
3 9 27
Give your answer correct to one decimal place. [3]
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Page 19

A geometric sequence has 1024 as its first term and 128 as its fourth term.
1
(a) Show that the common ratio is . [2]
2
(b) Find the value of the eleventh term. [2]
(c) Find the sum of the first eight terms. [2]
(d) Find the number of terms in the sequence for which the sum first exceeds
2047.968. [4]
(e) Confirm the result in (d) by finding the appropriate sums. [2]
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Page 20

A National Lottery is offering prizes in a new competition. The winner may choose one
of the following.
Option one: $1000 each week for 10 weeks.
Option two: $250 in the first week, $450 in the second week, $650 in the third week,
increasing by $200 each week for a total of 10 weeks.
Option three: $10 in the first week, $20 in the second week, $40 in the third week
continuing to double for a total of 10 weeks.
(a) Calculate the amount you receive in the tenth week, if you select
(i) option two;
(ii) option three. [6]
(b) What is the total amount you receive if you select option two? [2]
(c) Which option has the greatest total value? Justify your answer by showing all
appropriate calculations. [4]
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Page 21

An arithmetic sequence is defined as un = 135 + 7n, n = 1, 2, 3, …
(a) Calculate u1, the first term in the sequence. [2]
(b) Show that the common difference is 7. [2]
Sn is the sum of the first n terms of the sequence.

(c) Find an expression for Sn. Give your answer in the form Sn = An2 + Bn,
where A and B are constants. [3]
The first term, v1, of a geometric sequence is 20 and its fourth term v4 is 67.5.
(d) Show that the common ratio, r, of the geometric sequence is 1.5. [2]
Tn is the sum of the first n terms of the geometric sequence.

(e) Calculate T7, the sum of the first seven terms of the geometric sequence. [2]
(f) Use your GSC to find the smallest value of n for which Tn > Sn. [2]
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Page 22
MAI
EXERCISES [MAI 2.1]

LINES
Consider the points A(2,7), B(5,11)
(a) Find the gradient of the line segment [AB]. [2]
(b) Write down the gradient of a perpendicular line to (AB). [1]
(c) Let M be the midpoint M of the line segment [AB]. Find the coordinates of M. [2]
(d) Find the distance between A and B (i.e. the length AB). [2]
(e) Given that B is the midpoint of [AC], find the coordinates of C [2]
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Page 1
[MAI 2.1] LINES
Consider the points A(3,5), B(a,1), C(7,-3) where a∈R.
Find the possible values of a in each of the following cases:
(a) If the gradient of the line (AB) is 2. [2]
(b) If the midpoint of the line segment [AB] is M(7,3). [2]
(c) If B is the midpoint of the line segment [AC]. [1]
(d) If the distance between A and B is 5. [3]
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Page 2
[MAI 2.1] LINES
Consider the line L given by y = 2 x + 4
(a) Write down
(i) the gradient of the line (ii) the y-intercept (iii) the x-intercept [3]
(b) Draw the line on the diagram below. [3]
(c) Check if the points A(7,19) and B(8,20) lie on the line. [3]
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Page 3
[MAI 2.1] LINES
Consider the line L on the diagram below
(a) Write down

(i) the gradient of the line (ii) the y-intercept (iii) the x-intercept [3]
(b) Write down the equation of the line in the gradient-intercept form y = mx + c [2]
(c) Given that P(1, y) and Q(x,1) lie on the line write down the values of x and y. [2]
(d) Given that A(a,– 5) and B(-5,b) lie on the line find the values of a and b. [2]
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Page 4
[MAI 2.1] LINES
Find the equation of the line passing through A(3,4) and B(5,7)
(a) in the gradient-point form y − y1 = m( x − x1 ) [3]
(b) in the gradient-intercept form y = mx + c . [2]
(c) in the form ax + by = d , where a, b, d are integers. [2]
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The diagram below shows the line with equation 3x + 2y = 18. The points A and B are
the y and x-intercepts respectively. M is the midpoint of [AB].
y
A
3x + 2y =18
B
O x
Find the coordinates of (i) the point A; (ii) the point B; (iii) the point M.
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Page 5
[MAI 2.1] LINES
Consider the line L with equation y + 2x = 3. The line L1 is parallel to L and passes
through the point (6, –4).
(a) Find the gradient of L1. [1]
(b) Find the equation of L1 in the form y = mx + b. [3]
(c) Find the x-coordinate of the point where line L1 crosses the x-axis. [2]
(d) Draw the two lines on the diagram below. [2]
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Page 6
[MAI 2.1] LINES
(a) Find the equation of the line passing though the points A(2,-5) and B(2,8). [2]
(b) Find the equation of the line passing though the points C(6,5) and D(-3,5). [2]
(c) Find the point of intersection P between the lines L1 and L2 [1]
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(a) Find the equation of the line which is parallel to x-axis and passes through A(2,3) [2]
(b) Find the equation of the line which is parallel to y-axis and passes through A(2,3) [2]
(c) Find the equation of the line passing though the origin and A(2,3) [2]
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Page 7
[MAI 2.1] LINES

The points A(2,1) and B(6,3) are shown in the diagram below.
Let L, be the perpendicular bisector of the line segment [AB]

(a) Find the equation of L. [5]
(b) Write down the y-intercept of L and draw an accurate line for L on the diagram
above. . [2]
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Page 8
[MAI 2.1] LINES

4
Let A(3k,4k) be a point of the line L with equation y = x , where k is an integer.
3
(a) Verify that the point A lies on the line L. [2]
(b) Find the possible values of k if the distance between the origin and A equals 10. [3]
(c) Write down the coordinates of the two points on the line L whose distance from
the origin is equal to 10. [2]
(d) Demonstrate on the diagram below the result of question (c). [2]
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Page 9
[MAI 2.1] LINES
Consider the line L1 with equation y = 2x – 3.

The line L2 is parallel to L1 and passes through the point A(1,9).
The line L3 is perpendicular to L1 and passes through the point A(1,9).
(a) Find the equation of the line L2. [3]

(b) Find the equation of the line L3. [3]
The lines L1 and L3 intersect at point B
(c) Find the coordinates of point B. [2]

(d) Find the distance between the points A and B. [2]
(e) Sketch a diagram and deduce the distance from the point A to the line L1. [2]
[it is not necessary to draw the Cartesian plane]
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Page 10
[MAI 2.1] LINES
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Page 11
[MAI 2.1] LINES

Consider the points A(2,5) and B(3,8).
(a) Find the gradient of the line L1 passing through A and B. [2]
(b) Express in the form ax + by = c , where a, b, c are integers
(i) the equation of the line L1 .
(ii) the equation of the line L2 which is perpendicular to L1 and passes through
the point A. [5]
(c) Write down the solution of the two simultaneous equations found in (b). [1]
(d) State what the solution in question (c) represents; Make a comment by sketching
the two lines L1, L2 and the solution in question (c). [2]
[it is not necessary to draw the Cartesian plane]
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Page 12
[MAI 2.1] LINES

Consider the points A(-2,5) and B(4,9).
(a) Find the gradient of the line L passing through A and B. [2]
(b) Find the coordinates of the midpoint M between A and B. [2]
(c) Find the equation of the line which is perpendicular to L and passes through the
point M (i.e. the perpendicular bisector of the line segment [AB]) [2]
(d) Find the distance between the points A and B. [2]

(e) Write down the distance between M and B, in the form a , where a ∈ Z . [2]
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Page 13
[MAI 2.1] LINES

The points A(3,2), B(7,2) and C(3,8) are shown in the diagram below.
(a) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of line segment [AB]. [2]
(b) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of line segment [AC]. [2]
(c) Write down the coordinates of the point of intersection P of the two bisectors
and show that P is the midpoint of the line segment [BC]. [3]
(d) Find the areas of the triangles
(i) ABC. (ii) ABP (iii) ACP [6]
(e) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector L of the line segment [BC] in the
form ax + by + d = 0 with a, b, c ∈ Z. [5]
(f) Show that the line L does not pass through A. [2]
(g) Draw the three perpendicular bisectors of the sides of ABC on the diagram above. [3]
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Page 14
[MAI 2.1] LINES
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Page 15
[MAI 2.1] LINES

The following three lines l1, l2, and l3 are defined with equations
l1 : x + y = 5 , l2 : x − 2 y = 8 , l3 : x = −2
and are shown in the figure below.
(a) Find the coordinates of the common point A between the lines l1 and l2. [2]
(b) Write down the coordinates of the common point B between the lines l1 and l3 [2]
(c) Write down the coordinates of the common point C between the lines l2 and l3. [2]
(d) Hence, find the area of the triangle ABC. [4]
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Page 16
MAI
EXERCISES [MAI 2.2]

QUADRATICS

Complete the following table for the three quadratic functions below
y  2 x 2  12 x  10 y  2 x 2  12 x  18 y  2 x 2  12 x  23
y-intercept
Roots
Factorisation
(if possible)
axis of
symmetry
Vertex
Vertex form
f ( x)  a ( x  h) 2  k
Solve
f ( x)  0
Solve
f ( x)  0
Solve
f ( x)  0
Solve
f ( x)  0
Page 1
[MAI 2.1] QUADRATICS

2
Consider the quadratic y  4 x  120 x  800
(a) (i) Find the roots.
(ii) Hence express the quadratic in the form y  a ( x  x1 )( x  x 2 ) [3]
(b) (i) Find the coordinates of the vertex.
2
(ii) Hence express the quadratic in the form y  a ( x  h)  k
(iii) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry
(iv) Write down the minimum value of y [5]
(c) Write down the y - intercept of the quadratic [1]
(d) Draw the graph of the quadratic on the diagram below. [3]
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Page 2

2
Consider the quadratic y  4 x  120 x  800
(a) (i) Find the roots.
(ii) Hence express the quadratic in the form y  a ( x  x1 )( x  x 2 ) [3]
(b) (i) Find the coordinates of the vertex.
2
(ii) Hence express the quadratic in the form y  a ( x  h)  k
(iii) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry
(iv) Write down the maximum value of y [5]
(c) Write down the y - intercept of the quadratic [1]
(d) Draw the graph of the quadratic on each of the diagrams below. [5]
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Page 3
The parabola of a quadratic is shown below. The x -intercepts are x  2 and x  6 .
The y -intercept is y  12 . The curve passes through the point A(7,5).
Without finding the equation of the curve and by just using the symmetry of the graph
(a) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry. [1]

(b) Find the value of y for x  8 . Justify your answer. [2]
(c) Find the value of y for x  1 . Justify your answer. [2]
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(a) Solve the equation x2 – 3x – 10 = 0. [2]
2
(b) Factorize x – 3x – 10. [2]
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Page 4
The diagram represents the graph of the function f : x ֏ (x – p)(x – q).
– 12 2 x
(a) Write down the values of p and q. [2]

(b) The function has a minimum value at the point C. Find the x-coordinate of C. [2]
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The following diagram shows part of the graph of f, where f (x) = x2 − x − 2.
(a) Find both x-intercepts. [2]

(b) Find the x-coordinate of the vertex. [2]
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Page 5
The diagram shows the parabola y = (7 – x)(l + x). The points A, C are the x-intercepts
and the point B is the maximum point. Find the coordinates of A, B and C.
y
A 0 C x
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Let f (x) = 8x – 2x2. Part of the graph of f is shown below.
(a) Find the x-intercepts of the graph. [4]

(b) (i) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry.
(ii) Find the y-coordinate of the vertex. [3]
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Page 6

The following diagram shows the graph of function y = ax2 + bx + c.
Complete the table next to the graph to show whether each expression is positive (+),
negative (-) or zero (0).
y Expression + – 0
x a
c
b2 – 4ac
b

2a
b

Expression + – 0
a
c
b2 – 4ac
b

2a
b

Expression + – 0
a
c
b2 – 4ac
b

2a
b
Page 7

(a) Find the vertex of f (x) = x2 – 6x + 14 [2]
(b) Express the function in the form f (x) = (x – h)2 + k [2]
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Consider the function f (x) = 2x2 – 8x + 5.
(a) Express f (x) in the form a (x – p)2 + q, where a, p, q  . [3]
(b) Find the minimum value of f (x). [1]
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(a) Find the vertex of f (x) = 2x2 + 2x + 2 [2]
2
(b) Express the function in the form f (x) = a (x – h) + k [2]
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(a) Find the vertex of f (x) = – x2 – x – 1 [2]
2
(b) Express the function in the form f (x) = a (x – h) + k [2]
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Page 8
Find the points of intersection between y  x 2  5 x  3 and y  3 x  9

and sketch a graph to demonstrate the result.
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Find the point of intersection between y  x 2  5 x  3 and y  3 x  13

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Page 9
Find the points of intersection (if any) between y  x 2  5 x  3 and y  3 x  15

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Find the points of intersection (if any) between y  x 2  3 and y  5  x 2

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Page 10
MAI

FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS - USE OF GDC
Consider the function f ( x)  3x  7
(a) Find f (0) and f (2) [2]
(b) Write down f (a) in terms a . [1]
(c) Find a , given that f (a)  10 [1]
(d) Find b , given that f (b)  22 [1]
(e) Hence, complete the following table of values [2]
x 0 4 5
f ( x) 10 13 19
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Page 1
[MAI 2.3-2.4] FUNCTIONS
The graph of the function f is shown below.
(a) Write down the domain of the function. [1]

(b) Write down the range of the function. [1]
(c) Write down the values of (i) f (2) , (ii) f (4) [2]
(d) Given the f (a)  5 , write down the value of a [1]
(e) Write down the minimum value and the maximum value of the function. [2]
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Page 2

(b) Write down the range of the function. [1]

(c) Write down the minimum value and the maximum value of the function. [2]
(d) Complete the following table of values [4]
x 2 4 6
f ( x) 2 6
(e) Given that f ( x)  4 , there are three possible values for x . Write down the
possible values of x . [2]
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Page 3
(a) On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs of the following two functions
f ( x)  2 x , 3 x  3
g ( x)  2 x  2 , 3 x  3
[3]
(b) Write down the range of each function (for the given domain).
Function f ( x)  2 x g ( x)  2 x  2
Range
[2]
(c) The point points P(a,4) and Q(2,b), lie on the graph of g .
(i) write down the values of a and b.

(ii) Indicate the points P and Q on the diagram above. [3]
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Page 4

(a) On the same diagram below, sketch the graphs of the following two functions
f ( x)  x 2 , 3 x  3
g ( x)  x 2  2 , 3 x  3 [3]
For each function, write down

(b) the range (for the given domain); [3]
(c) the intersection points with the line y  x . [2]
(d) the intersection points with the horizontal line y  1 . [2]
Points of Points of
Function Range intersection with intersection with
line y = x line y = 1
y  x2
y  x2  2
Page 5
(a) Sketch the graph of the function f ( x)  x , 0  x  9.
[2]
(b) Complete the following table
Range of f
Point of intersection with the line y = 1
Point of Intersection with the line y = 2
[3]
(a) Sketch the graph of the function f ( x)  3 x  3 x , 0  x  4 .
[3]
(b) Complete the following table
Coordinates of end points
Coordinates of minimum point
Range
[3]
Page 6

(a) Sketch the graphs of the following two functions.
f ( x)  x 3 g ( x)  x 4
(b) Write down the largest possible domain and the corresponding range.
Df: Rf: Dg: Rg:

[6]
(c) Write down the range of these functions under the following restrictions
f ( x)  x 3 g ( x)  x 4
Df: 1 x  2 Rf: Dg: 1 x  2 Rg:
Df:  1  x  2 Rf: Dg:  1  x  2 Rg:
[4]
Page 7

Let
 x2 0 x 5
f ( x)  
5 x  22 5  x  6
(a) Complete the table of values
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
f ( x)
[3]
(b) Sketch the graphs of the function on the diagram below
[3]
(c) Write down the domain and the range of the function. [2]
(d) Write down the y - intercept and the x - intercept. [2]
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Page 8
Find the largest possible domain for the following functions

7
f ( x)  3  6 x g ( x)  h( x )  3  6 x k ( x )  log(3  6 x )
3  6x
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Page 9

Find the largest possible domain for the following functions
7
f ( x)  x 2  4 g ( x)  h( x )  x2  4 k ( x )  log( x 2  4)
x 4
2
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Page 10

2
The function f is given by f ( x )  x4 
 log(10  x ) .
x5
Find the largest possible domain of the function.
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The function f is given by f ( x )  x7 5
(b) Sketch the graph of the function (by using the GDC) to obtain the range of the
function. [3]
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Page 11

Find the range for following functions in the given domain
f ( x )  2 x 2  8 x  9, xR
f ( x )  2 x 2  8 x  9, 0x2
f ( x )  2 x 2  8 x  9, 0 x5
f ( x )  2 x 2  8 x  9, x0

Part of the graph of the function f ( x )  x 3  9 x 2  15 x  29 is shown below
Find the range for following functions in the given domain
f ( x)  x3  9 x 2  15 x  29, xR
f ( x)  x 3  9 x 2  15 x  29, x0
f ( x )  x 3  9 x 2  15 x  29, x0
f ( x )  x 3  9 x 2  15 x  29, 0 x6
f ( x )  x 3  9 x 2  15 x  29, 0 x7
f ( x )  x 3  9 x 2  15 x  29, 0 x8
Page 12
Let f ( x )  x  5
(a) Complete the following table for the function f and the inverse function f 1
1
x f ( x) x f ( x)
0 5 0
5 5
10 10
12 17
20 20
[4]
(b) Write down the equation of the inverse function f 1 ( x) in terms of x . [2]
(c) Given that P  Q  5 , write down Q in terms of P [1]
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(a) Given that P  2Q  5 , write down Q in terms of P . [2]
(b) Write down the equation of the inverse function of f ( x)  2 x  5 [2]
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Page 13

Complete the following table with the inverse of each function
Original function Inverse function
f ( x)  x  5 f 1 ( x )  x  5
f ( x)  x  5
f ( x)  x  100
f ( x)  3x
x
f ( x) 
5
f ( x)  x3
f ( x)  3 x  100

Consider the following table of values for f
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
f (x) 3 4 5 6 1 2
(a) Write down the values of

(i) f (1) (ii) f 1 (1) [2]
(b) Given that f ( x )  2 write down the value of x . [1]
(c) Given that f 1 ( x)  2 write down the value of x . [1]
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Page 14


(i) f (0) (i) f (2) (ii) f (4) [3]
(b) Write down the values of
(i) f 1 (3) (ii) f 1 (8) (iii) f 1 (1) (iv) f 1 (0) [4]
(c) Write down the solution of the equation f ( x )  0 [1]
(d) Write down the solution of the equation f ( x )  2 [1]
(e) On the diagram above sketch the graph of f 1 [3]
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Page 15

The function f is given by f (x) = x2, for 0  x  3 .
(a) Sketch the graph of f. [2]
(b) State the domain and the range of f. [2]
–1
(c) Find the inverse function f . [2]
–1
(d) On the same axes with f , sketch the graph of f [2]
–1
(e) State the domain and the range of f . [2]
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Page 16
PRACTICE ON THE GDC
Note: Most probably the following functions are known yet:

y = sinx, y = cosx, y = logx, y = lnx, y = 2x , y = ex
We are going to study them in due course. However, you may use your GDC to see how their
graphs look like.
For the trigonometric functions y = sinx, y = cosx make sure that x is in radians in your GDC.
Use your GDC to answer the following questions

Let f (x) = 2 + cos (2x) – 2sin (0.5x) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3, where x is in radians.
(a) On the grid below, sketch the curve of y = f (x), indicating clearly the point P on
the curve where the function has a max or min value. [4]
y
4
3
2
1
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 x
–1
–2
–3
–4
(b) Write down the solutions of f (x) = 0. [2]
(c) Write down the range of f. [2]
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Page 17

(a) On the following diagram, sketch the graphs of y = 2x and y = cos x for –2 ≤ x ≤ 1.
y
2
x
–2 –1 0 1
–1
–2
[3]
(b) The equation 2x = cos x has a solution between –2 and –1. Find this solution. [2]
(c) On the following diagram, sketch the graph of g(x) = 2x – cos x, for –2 ≤ x ≤ 1. [2]
y
2
x
–2 –1 0 1
–1
–2
(d) Write down the x-intercept of the function g(x)=2x – cos x, between –2 and –1. [1]
(e) Solve the inequality 2x < cos x for –2 ≤ x ≤ 1. [2]
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Page 18

Let f (x) = sin(2x + 1), 0 ≤ x ≤ π.
(a) Sketch the curve of y = f (x) on the grid below. [2]
y
2
1.5
0.5
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 x
–0.5
–1
–1.5
–2
(b) Find the x-coordinates of the maximum and minimum points of f(x), giving your
answers correct to one decimal place. [4]
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Note: Radians are used throughout this question.
Let f (x) = sin (1 + sin x).
(a) Write down the x-coordinates of all minimum and maximum points, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 6. [4]
(b) Write down the range of y = f (x), for 0 ≤ x ≤ 6. [2]
Give your answers correct to four significant figures.
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Page 19

x
The diagram below shows the graph of y = x sin , for 0 ≤ x < m, and 0 ≤ y < n, where x
3
is in radians and m and n are integers. Find the value of m and the value of n.
y
n
n–1
0 m–1 m x
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Let ƒ (x) = 3 sin 2x, for 1 ≤ x ≤ 4. The graph of ƒ is shown below.
(a) On the same diagram, sketch the graph of g (x) = −5x2 + 27x − 35 for 1 ≤ x ≤ 4. [2]
(b) One solution of ƒ (x) = g (x) is 1.89. Write down the other solution. [2]
(c) Let h (x) = g (x) − ƒ (x). Given that h (x) ≤ 0 for p ≤ x ≤ q, write down the value of
p and of q. [2]
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Page 20
MAI

EXPONENTS AND LOGARITHMS - I
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

(a) The graphs of 6 functions are shown below
Match the graphs (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) and (f) to the following functions
y = 2x y = 5x y = ex y = 2−x y = 5−x y = e−x
(b) Complete the following table which contains the common details for all six graphs
y – intercept
Horizontal asymptote.
Domain
Range
Page 1
[MAI 2.5-2.6] EXPONENTS AND LOGARITHMS - I

Let f ( x) = 4 x .
The points A(-1,a), B(1,b) and C(1,c) of the graph are shown in the diagram below.
(a) Write down the coordinates of the y-intercept of the graph. [1]
(b) Write down the value of a in decimal form. [2]
(c) Write down the values of b and of c . [2]
(d) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [1]
(e) On the diagram above, sketch the graph of f . [2]
(f) Write down the domain and the range of f . [2]
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Page 2
Let f ( x ) = e x + 2 . The points A(1,e+2) and B(2,b) of the graph are shown in the
diagram below.
(a) Write down the value of b . [1]

(b) On the diagram above, sketch the graph of f . Indicate the y-intercept and the
horizontal asymptote of the graph. [3]
(c) Write down the domain and the range of f . [2]
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Sketch the graph of the function f ( x ) = 2 x + 2 . Indicate the y-intercept, the horizontal
asymptote and the points A(1,a), B(2,b) and C(3,c) of the graph.
Page 3

For each of the following functions sketch the graph and complete the table
(a) f ( x ) = 2e x + 3 (the point A lies on the curve).
y- intercept:
horizontal asymptote: value of b:
Domain: Range:
[6]
x
(b) f ( x ) = 2e − 3 (the point A lies on the curve).
y- intercept: x- intercept:
horizontal asymptote: value of b:
Domain: Range:
[6]
Page 4
LOGARITHMS
(a) Write down the values of x = ln 3 and y = log 3 correct to 5 decimal places. [2]
x y
(b) Find the values of e and 10 to verify the results above. [2]
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7. [Maximum mark: 15] [try to solve without GDC]

Write down the following values
log 100 = log 10 = log 1 =
1 1
log = log = log 0.1 =
100 10
log 10 2020 = log 10 = log 3 10 =
ln 1 = ln e = ln e 2 =
1 1
ln = ln = ln e =
e e2

Find the value of x in the following equations
(a) log x = 3 [2]
(b) ln x = 3 [2]
(c) log( x + 1) = 3 [2]
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Page 5
By using your GDC find the value of the integer k in each of the following cases
(a) log 3k = log 3 + log 5 (b) ln 3k = ln 3 + ln 5 [2+1]
(c) log 21 = log 3 + log k (d) ln 21 = ln 3 + ln k [2+1]
Can you guess a formula for log xy and ln xy ? [2]
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By using your GDC find the value of the integer k in each of the following cases
(a) log 3 k = 5 log 3 (b) ln 3 k = 5 ln 3 [2+1]
(c) log 3 7 = k log 3 (d) ln 3 7 = k ln 3 [2+1]

n n
Can you guess a formula for log x and ln x ? [2]
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Page 6

Solve the equations
(a) log 2 x = 2 [2]
(b) log(2 x + 4) = 1 [3]
(c) ln(2 x − 6) = 0 [3]
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Let
ax = b .
(i) If A = ln a and B = ln b , then
Ax = B
(ii) If A′ = log a and B ′ = log b , then
A′x = B ′
Given that a = 2 and b = 8
(a) Find the value of x [1]
(b) Verify the result (i) by completing the following [2]
Ax = B=
(c) Verify the result (ii) [3]
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Page 7

The diagram shows three graphs.
B
y
A
A is part of the graph of y = x, B of the graph of y = 2x, C is the reflection of graph B in

line A. Write down:
(a) the equation of C in the form y = f (x). [2]
(b) the coordinates of the point where C cuts the x-axis. [2]
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Let f (x) = ln (x + 2), x > −2 and g (x) = e(x−4), x > 0.
(a) Write down the x-intercept of the graph of f. [1]

(b) (i) Write down f (−1.999).
(ii) Write down g(4) [3]
(c) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the graphs of f and g. [2]
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Page 8
MAI

POLYNOMIAL MODELS
Consider the arithmetic sequence 13, 18, 23, 28, 33, 38, …
The terms of the sequence lie on the line L.
(a) Find
(i) the n -th term u n of the sequence in terms of n
(ii) the equation of the line L in the form y  mx  c . [3]

(b) Write down a comment about the gradient m of the line L in the context of the
arithmetic sequence. [1]
(c) Determine whether the points A(-1, 3), B(10, 58), C(0.2, 9) lie on the line. [3]
(d) Write down a comment about the y -coordinates of A, B, C in the context of the
arithmetic sequence. [2]
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Page 1
[MAI 2.13-2.14] POLYNOMIAL MODELS
Consider the point series
Q 2 4 6 10
P 2 8 14 26
The following diagram shows that the four points of the series line on a line L.
Select the points A(2,2) and D(10,26) to find the linear equation of P in terms of Q ,
by using two different methods.
(a) Find the gradient of the line segment [AD} and hence find the equation of L. [3]
(b) Given that the points A and D lie on the line P  aQ  b , write down two linear
equations in a and b and hence find the equation of L. [3]

(c) Verify the two remaining points lie on L. [2]
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Page 2
2
Express each of the following quadratics in the form y  ax  bx  c based on the
information given.
(a) y  2 x 2  3 x  c with y -intercept (0, 7). [1]
(b) y  2( x  p )( x  q ) with x -intercepts (1, 0) and (5, 0). [2]
(c) y  2( x  h ) 2  k with vertex (3, 5). [2]
(d) y  a ( x  3) 2  2 with y -intercept (0, 20). [3]
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Page 3
Let f (x) = p(x – q)(x – r). Part of the graph of f is shown below.
The graph passes through the points (–2, 0), (0, –4) and (4, 0).
(a) Write down the value of q and of r. [2]

(b) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry. [1]
(c) Find the value of p. [3]
2
(d) Express the function in the form f ( x )  ax  bx  c . [2]
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Page 4
Consider two different quadratic functions of the form f (x) = 4x2 − qx + 25. The graph
of each function has its vertex on the x-axis.
(a) Find both values of q. [3]
(b) For the greater value of q, solve f (x) = 0. [1]
(c) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the two graphs. [2]
(d) Sketch the two graphs on the same diagram. [2]
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Page 5
The diagram shows part of the graph of the curve y = a (x – h)2 + k, where a, h, k  .
20
15
10 P(5, 9)
0 x
1 2 3 4 5 6 .
(a) The vertex is at the point (3, 1). Write down the value of h and of k. [2]
(b) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry. [1]
(b) The point P (5, 9) is on the graph. Show that a = 2. [3]
(c) Hence show that the equation of the curve can be written as y = 2x2 – 12x + 19. [1]
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Page 6
The function f (x) is defined as f (x) = –(x – h)2 + k. The diagram below shows part of
the graph of f (x). The maximum point on the curve is P (3, 2).
y
4
P(3, 2)
2
x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–2
–4
–6
–8
–10
–12
(a) Write down the value of (i) h (ii) k. [2]

(b) Write down the possible values of f (x). [2]
(c) Given that f (2) = a, write down the other value of x such that f (x) = a. [1]
(d) Show that f (x) can be written as f (x) = –x2 + 6x – 7. [1]
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Page 7
The diagram shows part of the graph of y = a (x – h)2 + k. The graph has its vertex at P,
and passes through the point A with coordinates (1, 0).
y
P
2
A
–1 0 1 x
(a) Write down the value of (i) h (ii) k [2]

(b) Calculate the value of a. [3]
(c) Express the quadratic function in the forms

(i) y = a (x – p) (x – q)
(ii) y = ax2 + bx + c. [3]
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Page 8
The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function, with equation in
the form f (x) = (x − p)(x − q), where p, q  .
(a) Write down

(i) the value of p and of q
(ii) the equation of the axis of symmetry of the curve. [2]
(b) Find the equation of the function in the form f (x) = (x − h)2 + k, where h, k  . [2]
(c) Express the quadratic function in the form f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b, c  . [2]
(d) Solve the inequality f (x) < 0. [2]
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Page 9

Part of the graph of the function f (x) = d (x −m)2 + p is given in the diagram below.
The x-intercepts are (1, 0) and (5, 0). The vertex is V(m, 2).
(a) Write down the value of (i) m (ii) p [2]

(b) Find d. [2]
(c) Express the quadratic function in the form f (x) = ax2 + bx + c . [2]
(d) Factorize f (x). [1]
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Page 10

The equation of a curve may be written in the form y = a(x – p)(x – q). The curve
intersects the x-axis at A(–2, 0) and B(4, 0). The curve of y = f (x) is shown in the
diagram below.
y
4
A B
–4 –2 0 2 4 6 x
–2
–4
(a) Write down the value of p and of q.

–6 [2]
(b) Given that the point (6, 8) is on the curve, find the value of a. [2]
(c) Write the equation of the curve in the form y = ax2 + bx + c. [1]
(d) (i) Solve the inequality y > 0.
(ii) Given that x is a positive integer, write down the smallest value of x
for which y > 0. [3]
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Page 11

The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function f.
The x-intercepts are at (–4, 0) and (6, 0) and the y-intercept is at (0, 240).
(a) Write down f (x) in the form f (x) = a (x – p)(x – q). [3]
(b) Find another expression for f (x) in the form f (x) = a(x – h)2 + k. [4]
(c) Show that f (x) can also be written in the form f (x) = 240 + 20x – 10x2. [1]
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Page 12

Let f (x) = ax2 + bx + c where a, b and c are rational numbers.
(a) The point P(–4, 3) lies on the curve of f. Show that 16a –4b + c = 3. [2]
(b) The points Q(6, 3) and R(–2, –1) also lie on the curve of f.
Write down two other linear equations in a, b and c. [2]
(c) Hence find f (x). [2]
(d) Write f (x) in the form f (x) = a(x – h)2 + k, where a, h and k are rational numbers. [2]
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Page 13

2
The following point series lies on a quadratic model P  aQ  bQ  c
Q 1 2 3
P 4 7 14
(a) Write down three linear equations on a , b, c . [3]
(b) Hence find the quadratic model. [2]
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2
Q –2 1 2
P 0 0 12
Find the quadratic model by using two different methods.

(a) By writing down three linear equations on a , b , c and solving the system. [4]
(b) By using factorization and the fact that two of the points are Q -intercepts. [3]
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Page 14

2
Q 0 3 6
P 1 10 1
(a) By sketching a graph determine

(i) the vertex of the quadratic. (ii) the P-intercept. [3]
The quadratic model can be found by using two different methods.

(b) Write down three linear equations on a , b, c and hence find the model. [4]
2
(c) Use your answer in part (a) to find the vertex form P  a (Q  h )  k and then
expand to find the quadratic model. [3]
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Page 15

Consider the function f (x) = px3 + qx2 + rx. Part of the graph is shown below.
The graph passes through the origin O and the points A(–2, –8), B(1, –2) and C(2, 0).
(a) Find three linear equations in p, q and r. [3]

(b) Hence find the value of p, of q and of r. [2]
(c) Write down the three roots of the function f. [2]
(d) Solve the inequality f (x) ≥ 0. [2]
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Page 16

For the point series
x 1 2 3 4
y 3 5 9 13
two linear models are suggested.

L1: y  3 x [which passes through (1,3) and (3,9)]
L2: y  3.4 x  1
(a) Complete the following table of the Squared Residuals and SSres (sum of the
squared residuals)
Model L1 Model L2
x y 2
y1  3 x ( y  y1 ) y2  3.4 x  1 ( y  y2 ) 2
1 3 3 0 2.4 0.36
2 5 6 1 5.8
3 9 0.04
4 13
SUM→ SUM→
[5]
(b) Write a comment about the appropriateness of the two models. [1]
(c) Find the best fit line by using linear regression on your GDC. [2]
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Page 17

Consider the points A(1,5), B(3, 11), C(6, 20)
(a) Find
(i) the gradient of the line segment [AB].
(ii) the equation of the line (AB) in the form y  mx  c . [4]
(b) Show that the three points A, B and C are collinear. [2]
The following diagram shows the three points A, B, C and the line (AB). An additional
point D(5,15) is added.
(c) Show that the point D does not lie on the line (AB). [2]
(d) Explain why the line (AB) is a satisfactory model for the point series A, B, C, D. [2]
(e) Use your GDC to find the best fit line L for the point series A, B, C, D. Give the
coefficients in 3s.f. [2]
(f) Complete the following table. Give the squared residuals in 4dp.
Estimations Squared Residuals

x y
y1 by line AB) y 2 by line L ( y  y1 ) 2 ( y  y2 ) 2
1 5 5 0
3 11 11 0
5 15
6 20
SSres = SUM OF THE SQUARED RESIDUALS →

[5]
(g) Write down a comment about the two linear models found. [1]
Page 18
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Page 19

Consider the point series
Q 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P 20 16 13 16 23 30 43 38
The following diagrams show three regression models for this point series.
(I) (II) (III)
(a) Using your GDC and regression find the three models:
(i) The linear model (I): P  aQ  b
(ii) The quadratic model (II): P  aQ 2  bQ  c
(iii) The cubic model (III): P  aQ 3  bQ 2  cQ  d .
Give all the coefficients in 3.s.f. [4]
(b) Find the percentage error of each model for the estimation of the P -intercept. [3]
(c) Write down a comment for the appropriateness of the three models. [1]
(d) Suggest a prediction for the value of P when Q  8 . [2]
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Page 20
MAI

POWER AND EXPONENTIAL MODELS
(a) Describe the relation between y and x in each equation below: [4]
y  0.2 x
y  3.7 x 2
2.15
y
x
1
y
3x 2
(b Given that k is a constant, describe the relation between P and Q in each

relation below: [4]
P  kQ
P  kQ 3
P 2  kQ 3
PQ 2  k
Page 1
[MAI 2.15-2.16] POWER AND EXPONENTIAL MODELS
1 2
(a) Consider the free fall formula s  gt , where
2
s : distance travelled, t : mass, g : constant acceleration due to gravity.
Describe the relation between distant travelled and time.
[1]
(b) Consider the relation F  mg , where
F : force, m : mass, g : acceleration due to gravity.
Describe the relation between any two variables when the third variable remains
constant.
If g remains
constant
If m remains
constant
If F remains
constant
[3]
The variable S is inversely proportional to the square of the variable T .
Given that S  10 when T  0.2 , find a formula that expresses S in terms of T .
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Page 2
n
The power function model P  ax has two parameters to be determined, a and n .
The following table of data is given
x 1 2
P 10 80
(a) Find the values of the parameters a and n and write down the final form of the
model. [3]
(b) Find the value of P when x  1.5 , [1]
(c) Find the exact value of x when P  20 . [2]
(d) Sketch the graph of the model; Indicate the data of the table above. [2]
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Page 3
n
The power function model P  aQ , Q  0 , has two parameters to be determined,
a and n .
Q 2 4
P 1.2 4.8
(a) Find the value of (i) n , (ii) a . [4]

(b) Find the value of Q when P  2.7 , [2]
(c) Sketch the graph of the model; Indicate the data of the table above. [2]
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Page 4
n a
The power function model P  aQ  , Q  0 , has two parameters to be
Qn
determined, a and n .
Q 2 4
P 8 1
(a) Find the value of (i) n , (ii) a . [3]

(b) Write down the final form of the model and sketch its graph; Indicate the data of
the table above. [3]
(c) Find
(i) The value of Q when P  0.001 ,
(ii) The least integer Q , such that P  0.001 . [2]
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Page 5
The exponential model P  Ae kt has two parameters to be determined, A and k .

t 0 2
P 10 20
(a) Write down the value of the parameter A . [1]

ln 2
(b) Show that k  and express k it in 3 significant figures. [3]
2
(c) Write down the final form of the model and sketch its graph; Indicate the data of
(d) Use regression on your GDC to find the best fit exponential model. [1]
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Page 6
kt
The exponential model P  P0 e has two parameters to be determined, P0 and k .
t 1 2
P 10 20
(a) Find the parameters P0 and k analytically. [4]

(b) Write down the final form of the model and sketch its graph; Indicate the data of
(c) The value of P exceeds 30 when t  t1 . Find the value of t1 . [1]
(d) Use regression on your GDC to find the best fit exponential model. [1]
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Page 7
9. [Maximum mark: 10] [mainly for HL]

kt
For the exponential model P  P0 e  c the following table of data is given
t 1 2 3
P 20 30 50
(a) Write down three relations in the P0 , k and c (the parameters of the model). [2]
(b) Use the first two relations to obtain a new relation between P0 and k only. [2]
(c) Use the last two relations to obtain another relation between P0 and k only. [1]
(d) Hence find the parameters P0 and k , and then the parameter c . [4]
(e) Write down the final form of the model. [1]
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Page 8
10. [Maximum mark: 10] [mainly for HL]

kt
For the exponential model P  P0 e  c the following table of data is given
t 1 2 3
P 75.50 63.63 53.90
(a) Write down three relations in P0 , k and c . [2]
(b) Show that k  0.2 , correct to 1dp. [4]

(c) Find the parameters P0 and c . [3]
(d) Write down the final form of the model. [1]
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Page 9

A group of ten leopards is introduced into a game park. After t years the number of
leopards, N, is modelled by N = 10 e0.4t.
(a) Find the initial number of leopards [1]
(b) How many leopards are there after 2 years? [2]
(c) How long will it take for the number of leopards to reach 100? [2]
(d) How long will it take for the number of leopards to double? [2]
Give your answers to an appropriate degree of accuracy.
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Page 10

The population p of bacteria at time t is given by p = 100e0.05t. Calculate
(a) the value of p when t = 0; [2]
(b) How long will it take for the size of the population to double? [2]
(c) Sketch the graph of the population of bacteria (p) in terms of time (t) on the
diagram below; Show the information found in parts (a) and (b). [3]
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Page 11

The mass m kg of a radio-active substance at time t hours is given by m = 4e–0.2t.
(a) Write down the initial mass. [1]
(b) The mass is reduced to 1.5 kg. How long does this take? [2]
(c) Find the half-life time of m. [2]
(d) Sketch a graph of mass m in terms of time t (in hours) on the diagram below;
Show the information found in parts (a), (b) and (c). [3]
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Page 12
14 [Maximum mark: 6]
A machine was purchased for $10000. Its value V after t years is given by
V =10000e−0.3t. The machine must be replaced at the end of the year in which its value
drops below $1500.
(a) Determine in how many years the machine will need to be replaced. [3]
(b) Sketch a graph of Value V in terms of time t (in years); Show the information
found above. (Give an appropriate scale for each axis). [3]
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Page 13

The area A km2 affected by a forest fire at time t hours is given by A = A0 ekt.
1
When t = 5, the area affected is 1 km2. Given that A0 = ,
e
(a) Show that k = 0.2; [3]
(b) Find the value of t when 100 km2 are affected. [3]
(c) Sketch a graph of area A in terms of time t (in hours); Show the information found
in part (b) above. (Give an appropriate scale for each axis) [2]
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Page 14

P is an increasing function of Q , where Q  0 . An experiment gave the following
data.
Q 2 3 4 5
P 8 25 60 120
For models are suggested for this point series.
LINEAR POWER
QUADRATIC EXPONENTIAL
(a) Use regression on your GDC to write down the formulas of the four models. [5]
LINEAR: POWER:
QUADRATIC:
bx x
EXPONENTIAL: ( ae ): ( a  b ):
(b) Which model do you suggest for the given point series? [2]
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Page 15

There were 1420 doctors working in a city on 1 January 1994. After n years the number
of doctors, D, working in the city is given by
D = 1420 + 100n.
(a) (i) How many doctors were there working in the city at the start of 2004?
(ii) In what year were there first more than 2000 doctors working in the city? [3]
At the beginning of 1994 the city had a population of 1.2 million. After n years, the
population, P, of the city is given by
P = 1 200 000 (1.025)n.
(b) (i) Find the population P at the beginning of 2004.
(ii) Calculate the percentage growth in population between 1 January 1994 and
1 January 2004.
(iii) In what year will the population first become greater than 2 million? [7]
(c) (i) What was the average number of people per doctor at the beginning of
1994?
(ii) After how many complete years will the number of people per doctor first
fall below 600? [5]
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Page 16
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Page 17

Initially a tank contains 10 000 litres of liquid. At the time t = 0 minutes a tap is opened,
and liquid then flows out of the tank. The volume of liquid, V litres, which remains in the
tank after t minutes is given by
V = 10 000 (0.933t).
(a) Find the value of V after 5 minutes. [1]
(b) Find how long, to the nearest second, it takes for half of the initial amount of liquid
to flow out of the tank. [3]
(c) The tank is regarded as effectively empty when 95% of the liquid has flowed out.
Show that it takes almost three-quarters of an hour for this to happen. [3]
(d) (i) Find the value of 10 000 – V when t = 0.001 minutes.

(ii) Hence or otherwise, estimate the initial flow rate of the liquid.
Give your answer in litres per minute, correct to two significant figures. [3]
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Page 18
MAI
EXERCISES [MAI 2.17]

SINUSOIDAL MODEL

Complete the following table
Function Amplitude Period Range
f ( x)  sin x
1 360 1  y  1
f ( x)  cos x
f ( x)  sin(10 x)
f ( x)  cos(10 x)
f ( x)  sin(36 x)
f ( x)  cos(36 x)
f ( x)  sin(180 x)
f ( x)  cos(180 x)
f ( x)  2 sin(10 x)
f ( x)  2 cos(10 x)
f ( x)  sin(10 x)  50
f ( x)  cos(10 x)  50
f ( x)  2 sin(10 x)  50
f ( x)  2 cos(10 x)  50
f ( x)  2sin(10 x)
f ( x)  2 cos(10 x)
f ( x)  2sin(10 x)  50
f ( x)  2 cos(10 x)  50
f ( x)  100  20 sin(10 x)

f ( x)  100  20 cos(10 x)
Page 1
[MAI 2.17] SINUSOIDAL MODEL
Part of the graph of a trigonometric function y  f ( x) is given below. There is a local
maximum at (0.5,160) and a local minimum at (1.5,40).
(a) Write down

(i) the equation of the central/principal axis
(ii) the amplitude
(iii) the period [3]
(b) Express the function in the form y  A sin( Bx)  C [3]
(c) Find the values of y
(i) when x  1.5 (ii) when x  1.6 [2]
(d) Find the first positive value of x for which y  140 . [1]
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Page 2
The graph of a trigonometric function y  f ( x) , 0  x  360 is given below. There is a
local minimum at (45, 20) and a local maximum at (135, 80).
(a) Write down

(ii) the amplitude
(b) Express the function in the form f ( x)  A sin( Bx)  C [3]
(c) Solve the equation f ( x)  30 . [1]
(c) Find the values of x for which f ( x)  30 . [2]
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Page 3

local minimum at (5, 20) and a local maximum at (10, 80).
(a) Write down

(ii) the amplitude
(b) Express the function in the form f ( x)  A cos( Bx)  C . [3]
(c) Find the values of x for which f ( x)  70 . [2]
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Page 4
local maximum at (10, 18) and a local minimum at (20, 8).
(a) Write down

(ii) the amplitude
(b) Express the function in the form f ( x)  A cos( Bx)  C [3]
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Page 5
Sketch the graph of the function
f ( x)  6 sin(18 x)  10 , 0  x  40
f ( x)  8sin(18 x)  10 , 0  x  40
Page 6
f ( x)  5 cos(45 x)  5 , 0  x  8
f ( x)  6 cos(90 x)  10 , 0  x  8
Page 7

The following diagram shows a point series (P, Q) on the Cartesian plane
Peter believes that the points follow a sinusoidal model.
(a) Use the points A(0,400), B(15,700), D(45,100) and E(60,400) to estimate
(i) the equation of the central (or principlal) axis.
(ii) the amplitude
(iii) the period of the model function. [3]
(b) Find a model of the form P  a sin(bQ)  c for the model series. [4]
(c) On the same diagram above, sketch the graph of your model. [2]
(d) The exact value of P at Q  30 is 450 (point C). Write down the estimation of the
model for the value of P at Q  30 and hence find the percentage error. [3]
(e) Peter needs a prediction for the value of P when Q  90
(i) Find an estimation according to your model.

(ii) Write down a comment about the validity of your estimation. [3]
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Page 8
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Page 9

A spring is suspended from the ceiling. It is pulled down and released, and then
oscillates up and down. Its length, l centimetres, is modelled by the function
l  33  5 cos  (720t )  ,
where t is time in seconds after release.
(a) Find the length of the spring after 1 second. [2]
(b) Find (ι) the minimum length of the spring. (ii) the maximum length of the spring. [3]
(c) Find the first time at which the length is 33 cm. [2]
(d) What is the period of the motion? [2]
(e) Within the first 5 seconds, find the number of times the spring has
(i) its minimum length (ii) a length of 30cm. [3]
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Page 10
MAI
EXERCISES [MAI 2.19]

PERCENTAGE CHANGE - FINANCIAL APPLICATIONS
PERCENTAGE CHANGE
(a) The population of village A increases by 8% every year. If the population
today is 1000 people find
(i) the population after 5 years;
(ii) the population 5 years ago;
(iii) the number of full years after the population will exceed 2000. [4]
(b) The population of village B decreases by 8% every year. If the population
today is 1000 people find
(i) the population after 5 years;
(ii) the population 5 years ago;
(iii) the number of full years after the population will fall under 500. [4]
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Page 1
[MAI 2.19] PERCENTAGE CHANGE - FINANCIAL APPLICATIONS
The population of a city at the end of 1972 was 250 000. The population increases by
1.3% per year.
(a) Write down the population at the end of 1973. [1]
(b) Find the population at the end of 2002. [3]
(c) How long will it take for the size of the population to exceed 400 000? [3]
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Extra question
Sketch a graph of Population (P) in terms of years (t) after 1972
Show the information found in questions (b) and (c)
Page 2
A population of bacteria is growing at the rate of 2.3% per minute. How long will it take
for the size of the population to double? Give your answer to the nearest minute.
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Extra question
Sketch a graph of Population bacteria (b) in terms of minutes (t)
Show the information found above
Page 3
Each year for the past five years the population of a certain country has increased at a
steady rate of 2.7% per annum. The present population is 15.2 million.
(a) What was the population one year ago? [2]
(b) What was the population five years ago? [2]
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Extra question
Sketch a graph of Population (P) in millions in terms of years (t)
Show the information found in questions (a) and (b)
Page 4
FINANCIAL APPLICATIONS
An amount of $ 10 000 is invested at an annual interest rate of 12%.
(a) Find the value of the investment after 5 years
(i) if the interest rate is compounded yearly;
(ii) if the interest rate is compounded half-yearly;
(iii) if the interest rate is compounded quarterly;
(iv) if the interest rate is compounded monthly. [4]
(b) The value of the investment will exceed $ 20 000 after n full years. Calculate the
minimum value of n
(i) if the interest rate is compounded yearly;
(ii) if the interest rate is compounded monthly. [4]
METHOD A: By using the formula of FV

METHOD B: By using GDC - Financial mode
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Page 5
An initial amount of $ 10 000 and an extra $ 10 000 at the end of each year are
deposited into a savings account at an annual interest rate of 5%.
(a) Find the value of the investment
(i) at the end of the 1st year
(ii) at the end of the 2nd year
(iii) at the end of the 10th year [5]
(b) Find the least number of full years for the value of investment to exceed 200 000 [2]

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Page 6
Extra question
Explain why the value of the investment at the end of the nth year is given by
 1.05n 1  1 
FV  10000   

 0.05 
[if last payment is not included we subtract 10000]
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Page 7
An amount of $10 000 is deposited into a savings account at an annual interest rate of
5%. An extra amount of $ 1 000 is deposited at the end of each year.
(ii) at the end of the 2nd year
(iii) at the end of the 10th year [5]

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Page 8
Extra question
Explain why the value of the investment at the end of the nth year is given by
 1.05n  1 
FV  10000  1.05n  1000   

 0.05 
[if last payment is not included we subtract 1000]
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Page 9
An amount of $ 10 000 is deposited into a savings account at an annual interest rate of
5% compounded monthly. An extra amount of $1000 is deposited at the end of each
year.
(ii) at the end of the 10th year [4]
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5% compounded monthly. An extra amount of $ 100 is deposited at the end of each
month.
(ii) at the end of the 10th year [4]
(b) Find the least number of full months for the value of investment to exceed 50 000 [2]
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Page 10

5% (compounded yearly).
(a) Find the value of the interest after 1st year. [1]
If an amount of $ 500 is withdrawn at the end of each year;

(b) Find the amount remained in the account after 10 years. [2]
If an amount of $ 400 is withdrawn at the end of each year;

(c) Find the amount remained in the account after 10 years. [2]
If an amount of $ 1 000 is withdrawn at the end of each year;

(d) Find the amount remained in the account after 10 years. [2]
(e) The last withdrawal L will be made after n years. Find the values of n and of L. [2]
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Page 11

Ann gets a loan of € 20000 for 10 years at a nominal annual interest rate of 15 %
compounded yearly.
(a) Find the repayment made each year (correct to 2 decimal places) [3]
(b) Find the total amount paid. [2]
(c) Find the interest paid on the loan. [2]
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Bill gets a loan of € 20000 for 10 years at a nominal annual interest rate of 15 %
compounded monthly.
(a) Find the repayment made each month. (correct to 2 decimal places) [3]
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Page 12

Chris gets a loan of € 20000 for 10 years at a nominal annual interest rate of 15 %
compounded quarterly.
(a) Find the repayment made each quarter (correct to 2 decimal places) [3]
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Dimitris gets a loan of € 20000 for 10 years at a nominal annual interest rate of r %
compounded monthly. Terms of the loan require monthly repayments of € 300.
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Page 13

A sum of $ 5 000 is invested at a compound interest rate of 6.3 % per annum. The
value of the investment will exceed $ 10 000 after n full years. Calculate the minimum
value of n.
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$1000 is invested at the beginning of each year for 10 years.
The rate of interest is fixed at 7.5% per annum. Interest is compounded annually.
Calculate, giving your answers to the nearest dollar
(a) how much the first $1000 is worth at the end of the ten years; [2]
(b) the total value of the investments at the end of the ten years. [4]
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Page 14
$1000 is invested at 15% per annum interest, compounded monthly. Calculate the
minimum number of months required for the value of the investment to exceed $3000.
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Michele invested 1500 francs at an annual rate of interest of 5.25 percent,
compounded annually.
(a) Find the value of Michele’s investment after 3 years. Give your answer to the
nearest franc. [2]
(b) How many complete years will it take for Michele’s initial investment to double in
value? [3]
(c) What should the interest rate be if Michele’s initial investment were to double in
value in 10 years? [3]
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Page 15

In this question, give all answers to two decimal places.
Bryan decides to purchase a new car with a price of €14 000, but cannot afford the full
amount. The car dealership offers two options to finance a loan.
Finance option A:
A 6 year loan at a nominal annual interest rate of 14 % compounded quarterly.
No deposit required and repayments are made each quarter.
(a) (i) Find the repayment made each quarter.
(ii) Find the total amount paid for the car.
(iii) Find the interest paid on the loan. [7]
Finance option B:
A 6 year loan at a nominal annual interest rate of r % compounded monthly. Terms of

the loan require a 10 % deposit and monthly repayments of €250.
(b) (i) Find the amount to be borrowed for this option.
(ii) Find the annual interest rate, r . [5]
(c) State which option Bryan should choose. Justify your answer. [2]
Bryan chooses option B. The car dealership invests the money Bryan pays as soon as
they receive it.
(d) If they invest it in an account paying 0.4% interest per month and inflation is 0.1%
per month, calculate the real amount of money the car dealership has received by
the end of the 6 year period. [4]
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Page 16
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Page 17

Themis sold his car at the beginning of 2020 and received an amount of € 7000.
(a) Find the real value of Themis’ amount at the end of 2020,
(i) given that the inflation rate is 1.1 % per year.
(ii) given that the inflation rate is 0.1 % per month. [3]
(b) Find the real value of Themis’ amount at the end of 2024,
(i) given that the inflation rate is 1.1 % per year.
(ii) given that the inflation rate is 0.1 % per month. [4]
Themis decides to invest his money at 12% per year, compounded monthly.
(c) Find the amount he will receive back at the end of 2024. [2]
(d) Find the real value of the money he will receive at the end of 2024 if the inflation
rate is 0.1 % per month. [3]
Themis decides to invest his money at 12% per year, compounded monthly and
withdraw € 100 at the end of each month.
(e) Find the amount remaining in his account at the end of 2024. [2]
(f) Find the month he will receive the last amount remaining [2]
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Page 18
MAI

3D GEOMETRY - TRIANGLES
Let A(2,-3,5) and B(-1,1,5). Find
(a) the distance between A and B. [2]

(b) the distance between O and B. [1]
(c) the coordinates of the midpoint M of the line segment [AB]. [2]
(d) the coordinates of point C given that B is the midpoint of [AC]. [2]
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Page 1
[MAI 3.1-3.4] 3D GEOMETRY – TRIANGLES
Complete the table
Solid Volume Surface area
cuboid
3
5
cylinder
4
(diameter)
cone
6
(diameter)
sphere
radius = 3
for each shape [1+3]
Page 2
For a right pyramid of square base of side 8 and vertical height 3 find
(a) the volume [2]

(b) the surface area [5]
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Page 3

Consider the following right-angled triangle, where Â = 90o
5 4
B A
3
(a) Find the size of angle B̂ in three different ways:

(i) by using the definition of sin B̂
(ii) by using the definition of cos B̂
(iii) by using the definition of tan B̂ [3]
(b) Hence find the size of angle Ĉ . [1]

(c) Confirm that the sine rule holds. [3]
(d) Confirm that all three versions of the cosine rule hold. [6]
(e) Find the area of the triangle, by using all the three versions below:
1 1 1
Area  ab sin Cˆ  bc sin Aˆ  ca sin Bˆ [3]
2 2 2
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Page 5

In each of the following triangles one of the angles has size 40o, two of the sides have
lengths 5 and 7 respectively.
(a) For the following triangle
(i) find the area

(ii) find BC
(iii) find the size of B and hence the size of C. [7]
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Page 6
(b) For the following triangle find the size of B and hence the size of A.
[4]
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(c) [This question in mainly for MAI HL – ambiguous case]

For each of the following triangles find the size of C and hence the size of A.
C acute C obtuse [6]
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Page 7
The following diagram shows triangle ABC.
diagram not to scale

AB = 7 cm, BC = 9 cm and AB̂C = 120°.
(a) Find AC. [3]
(b) Find BÂC . [3]
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A triangle has sides of length 4, 5, 7 units. Find, to the nearest tenth of a degree, the
size of the largest angle.
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Page 8
The following diagram shows a triangle with sides 5 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm.
5 7
Diagram not to scale
8
Find
(a) the size of the smallest angle, in degrees; [2]
(b) the area of the triangle. [2]
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In the triangle PQR, PR = 5 cm, QR = 4 cm and PQ = 6 cm. Calculate
(a) the size of PQ̂R ; [4]
(b) the area of triangle PQR. [2]
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Page 9

The following diagram shows a triangle ABC, where BC = 5 cm, B̂ = 60°, Ĉ = 40°.
A
60° 40°
B C
5 cm
(a) Calculate AB. [3]
(b) Find the area of the triangle. [3]
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The diagram below shows triangle PQR. The length of [PQ] is 7 cm, the length of [PR]
is 10 cm, and PQ̂R is 75°.
(a) Find PR̂Q [3]

(b) Find the area of triangle PQR. [3]
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Page 10
In triangle ABC, AC = 5, BC = 7, Â = 48°, as shown in the diagram.

C
5 7 diagram not to scale
48°
A B
Find B̂, giving your answer correct to the nearest degree.
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Town A is 48 km from town B and 32 km from town C as shown in the diagram.
32km
A
48km B
Given that town B is 56 km from town C, find the size of angle CÂB to the nearest
degree.
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Page 11

Two boats A and B start moving from the same point P. Boat A moves in a straight line
at 20 km h–1 and boat B moves in a straight line at 32 km h–1. The angle between their
paths is 70°. Find the distance between the boats after 2.5 hours.
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In triangle PQR, PQ is 10 cm, QR is 8 cm and angle PQR is acute. The area of the
triangle is 20 cm2. Find the size of angle PQ̂R.
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Page 12

There is a vertical tower TA of height 36 m at the base A of a hill. A straight path goes
up the hill from A to a point U. This information is represented by the following diagram.
The path makes a 4° angle with the horizontal.

The point U on the path is 25 m away from the base of the tower.
The top of the tower is fixed to U by a wire of length x m.
(a) Complete the diagram, showing clearly all the information above. [2]
(b) Find x. [3]
(c) Find the angle ATU. [3]
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Page 13

The diagram below shows a triangle ABD with AB = 13 cm and AD = 6.5 cm.
Let C be a point on the line BD such that BC = AC = 7 cm.
(a) Find the size of angle ACB. [3]

(b) Find the size of angle CAD. [5]
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Page 14

The diagram shows a vertical pole PQ, which is supported by two wires fixed to the
horizontal ground at A and B.
BQ = 40 m
PB̂Q = 36°
BÂQ = 70°
36 B
30 AB̂Q = 30°
Q 70
A
Find
(a) the height of the pole, PQ; [2]
(b) the distance between A and B. [2]
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Page 15

A ship leaves port A on a bearing of 030°. It sails a distance of 25 km to point B.
At B, the ship changes direction to a bearing of 100°. It sails a distance of 40 km to
reach point C. This information is shown in the diagram below.

A second ship leaves port A and sails directly to C.
(a) Find the distance the second ship will travel. [4]
(b) Find the bearing of the course taken by the second ship. [3]
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Page 16

The following diagram shows a pentagon ABCDE, with AB = 9.2 cm, BC = 3.2 cm,
BD = 7.1 cm, AÊD =110°, AD̂E = 52° and AB̂D = 60°.
3.2 cm
(a) Find AD. [4]

(b) Find DE. [4]
(c) The area of triangle BCD is 5.68 cm2. Find DB̂C . [4]
(d) Find AC. [4]
(e) Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD. [5]
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Page 17

Consider the following diagram
AB  7
80°
AC  5
30°
Aˆ  60
D Dˆ  80
7
60° 5
DBˆ C  30
(a) Find the length of the side BD. [5]

(b) Find the area of the quadrilateral ABDC. [5]
(c) Find the perimeter of the quadrilateral ABDC. [4]
It is given that the bearing of the course from B to D is 70o.

(d) Find the bearing of the course from B to A. [4]
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Page 18
The diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD. AB = 4, AD = 8, CD =12, B Ĉ D = 25°,

BÂD =θ.
(a) Use the cosine rule to show that BD = 4 5  4 cos  . [2]
Let θ = 40°.
(b) (i) Find the value of sin CB̂D .
(ii) Given that CB̂D is an acute angle, find the perimeter of ABCD. [8]
(c) Find the area of triangle ABD. [2]
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Page 19
Raul, in house R, is directly across the lake from Sylvia, in house S. The houses are
two kilometres apart. When both Raul and Sylvia are facing due north, they see a
speedboat B in the lake between the two houses. Raul in house R can see the boat at
35° east of where he is facing. Sylvia in house S can see the same boat at 65° west of
where she is facing.
(a) Copy and complete the diagram below, indicating which is the 35° angle, and
which is the 65° angle.
N N
B
R 2 km S
[2]
(b) (i) Calculate the size of RB̂S .
(ii) At this moment, how far is the boat (B) from Raul's house (R)?
Please give your answer to the nearest 100 metres. [5]
(c) Raul and Sylvia then see a sailboat on the lake at point Q, which is 2.6 km from
Raul (R) and 3.5 km from Sylvia (S). Calculate the size of RQ̂S at that moment,
giving your answer to the nearest degree. [4]
(d) find the bearing of the course RQ [4]
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Page 21

An office tower is in the shape of a cuboid with a square base. The roof of the tower is
in the shape of a square based right pyramid.
The diagram shows the tower and its roof with dimensions indicated. The diagram is
not drawn to scale.
O
10 m
H G
E
F
40 m
D C
A 6m B
(a) Calculate, correct to three significant figures,

(i) the size of the angle between OF and FG; [3]
(ii) the shortest distance from O to FG; [2]
(iii) the total surface area of the four triangular sections of the roof; [3]
(iv) the size of the angle between the slant height of the roof and the plane
EFGH; [2]
(v) the height of the tower from the base to O. [2]
A parrot's nest is perched at a point, P, on the edge, BF, of the tower. A person at the
point A, outside the building, measures the angle of elevation to point P to be 79°.
(b) Find, correct to three significant figures, the height of the nest from the base of
the tower. [2]
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Page 22
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Page 23

Three right pyramids Andal, Batsu and Cartos were discovered in the dense jungle of
Marhartmasol. Each pyramid has a square base with centres A, B and C respectively.
Andal
Cartos
A
Batsu
A surveying team was lowered from a helicopter to the top of Andal to take
measurements of the area. Andal is 40 metres high. The angle of elevation from the top
of Andal to the top of Batsu is 3°. The horizontal distance from A, the centre of the base
of Andal, to B, the centre of the base of Batsu is 600 metres.
(a) Use the diagram below to find the height of Batsu. [3]
3º
40 m Andal Batsu
A B
600 m
(b) Cartos is found to be 92 metres high and the angle of elevation from the top of
Andal to the top of Cartos is 4°.
(i) Draw a diagram similar to the diagram in part (a) to show the relationship
between Andal and Cartos.
(ii) What is the horizontal distance from A to C? [4]
Page 24
(c) The diagram below represents measurements relative to the centres of the bases
of the pyramids. The surveyors determined the angle at A to be 110°, and the
distance AB to be 600 m.
A
110º
600 m
B
(i) What is the distance BC? Give your answer to the nearest metre.
(ii) What is the size of angle ACB?
(iii) What is the area of the land inside triangle ABC? [8]
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Page 25

The points P, Q, R are three markers on level ground, joined by straight paths PQ, QR,
PR as shown in the diagram. QR = 9 km, PQ̂R = 35°, PR̂Q = 25°.
P
35° 25°
Q R
9 km
(a) Find the length PR. [3]
(b) Tom sets out to walk from Q to P at a steady speed of 8 km h–1. At the same time,
Alan sets out to jog from R to P at a steady speed of a km h–1. They reach P at
the same time. Calculate the value of a. [7]
(c) The point S is on [PQ], such that RS = 2QS, as shown in the diagram.
P
S
Q R
Find the length QS. [6]
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Page 26

The diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD with obtuse angles AB̂C and AD̂C .
AB = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm, CD = 4 cm, AD = 4 cm, BÂC = 30°, AB̂C = x°, AD̂C = y°.
(a) Use the cosine rule to show that AC = 41  40 cos x . [1]

(b) Use the sine rule in triangle ABC to find another expression for AC. [2]
(c) (i) Hence, find x, giving your answer to two decimal places.
(ii) Find AC. [6]
(d) (i) Find y.
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the area of triangle ACD. [5]
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Page 27

In the diagram below, the points O(0, 0) and A(8, 6) are fixed. The angle OP̂A
varies as the point P(x, 10) moves along the horizontal line y = 10.
y
P(x, 10)
y=10
A(8, 6)
O(0, 0) x
Diagram to scale
(a) (i) Show that AP  x 2 – 16 x  80.
(ii) Write down a similar expression for OP in terms of x. [2]
x 2 – 8 x  40
(b) Hence, show that cos OP̂A  , [3]
 {( x 2 – 16 x  80)( x 2  100)}
(c) Find, in degrees, the angle OP̂A when x = 8. [2]
(d) Find the positive value of x such that OP̂A  60 . [3]
Suppose that O, A, P are collinear.

(e) Write down the value of OP̂A . [1]
(f) Hence, or otherwise, find the value of x. [3]
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Page 28
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Page 29

A farmer owns a triangular field ABC. One side of the triangle, [AC], is 104 m, a second
side, [AB], is 65 m and the angle between these two sides is 60°.
(a) Use the cosine rule to calculate the length of the third side of the field. [3]
3
(b) Given that sin 60° = , find the area of the field in the form p 3 where p Z..
2
Let D be a point on [BC] such that [AD] bisects the 60° angle. The farmer divides the
field into two parts A1 and A2 by constructing a straight fence [AD] of length x metres, as
shown on the diagram below.
C
104 m
A2
30°
A D
x
30°
A1
65 m
B
65x
(c) (i) Show that the area of Al is given by .
4
(ii) Find a similar expression for the area of A2.
(iii) Hence, find the value of x in the form q 3 , where q is an integer. [7]
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Page 30
MAI
EXERCISES [MAI 3.5]

ARCS AND SECTORS
O is the centre of the circle which has a radius of 10 cm. The size of AÔB is 60°.
A B
(a) Find the lengths of the minor arc AB and of the major arc AB. [3]
(b) Find the areas of the minor sector (shaded region) and of the major sector. [3]
(c) Find the perimeters of the minor sector (shaded region) and of the major sector. [2]
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Page 1
[MAI 3.5] ARCS AND SECTORS
The following diagram shows a circle of centre O, and radius 15 cm. The arc ACB
subtends an angle of 90° at the centre O.
(a) Find the length of the arc ACB; [2]

(b) Find the area of the shaded region. [4]
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The circle shown has centre O and radius 3.9 cm. The angle AOB is 100°.
(a) Find the length AB. [3]

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Page 2
The diagram shows two concentric circles with centre O.
60°
The radius of the smaller circle is 8 cm, the radius of the larger circle is 10 cm.
Points A, B and C are on the circumference of the larger circle such that AÔB is 60°.
(a) Find the length of the arc ACB. [2]

(c) Find the perimeter of the shaded region. [3]
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Page 3
O is the centre of the circle which has a radius of 5.4 cm.
A B
The area of the shaded sector OAB is 21.6 cm2. Find the length of the minor arc AB.
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The following diagram shows a circle of centre O, and radius r. The shaded sector
OACB has an area of 27 cm2. Angle AÔB = θ = 70°.
A
C
B
r
O
(a) Find the radius. [4]

(b) Calculate the length of the minor arc ACB. [2]
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Page 4
The diagram below shows a circle centre O, with radius r.
40°
The length of arc ABC is 3π cm and AÔC = 40°.

(b) Find the perimeter of sector OABC. [2]
(c) Find the area of sector OABC. [2]
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Page 5
The following diagram shows a circle with radius r and centre O. The points A, B and C
are on the circle and AÔC = .
The area of the sector OAB is 180 cm2, the length of the arc AB is 24 cm.
(a) Find the value of r and of θ.
(b) Find the perimeter of the sector OABC.
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Page 6

The diagram below shows a sector AOB of a circle of radius 15 cm and centre O. The
angle θ at the centre of the circle is 120°.
(a) Calculate the area of the sector AOB. [2]

(b) Calculate the area of the triangle AOB. [2]
(c) Calculate the area of the shaded region. [1]
(d) Calculate the perimeter of the shaded region. [5]
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Page 7

In the following diagram, O is the centre of the circle and (AT) is the tangent to the circle
at T.
If OA = 12 cm, and the circle has a radius of 6 cm, find the area of the shaded region.
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Page 8

The diagram below shows a circle of radius 5 cm with centre O. Points A and B are on
the circle, and AÔB is 50°. The point N is on [OB] so that [AN] is perpendicular to [OB].
5 cm
50°
0.8
O B
N
Find the area of the shaded region.
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Page 9

The diagrams show a circular sector of radius 10 cm and angle θ which is formed into a
cone of slant height 10 cm. The vertical height h of the cone is equal to the radius r of
its base.
10cm
10cm
h
(a) Show that the value of r is 5 2 [2]

(b) Find the length of the circumference of the circular base of the cone. [1]
(c) Hence, find the value of angle θ. [3]
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Page 10

The diagram below shows a triangle and two arcs of circles.
The triangle ABC is a right-angled isosceles triangle, with AB = AC = 2. The point P is
the midpoint of [BC].
The arc BDC is part of a circle with centre A.
The arc BEC is part of a circle with centre P.
E
B
P
2
A 2 C
(a) Calculate the area of the segment BDCP. [3]

(b) Calculate the area of the shaded region BECD. [3]
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Page 11
14. [Maximum mark: 13] [with GDC]

The diagram below shows a circle, centre O, with a radius 12 cm. The chord AB
subtends at an angle of 75° at the centre. The tangents to the circle at A and at B meet
at P.
A
12 cm
P diagram not to
O 75º scale
(a) Using the cosine rule, show that the length of AB is 12 21 – cos 75 . [2]
(b) Find the length of BP. [3]

(c) Hence find
(i) the area of triangle OBP; (ii) the area of triangle ABP. [4]
(d) Find the area of sector OAB. [2]
(e) Find the area of the shaded region. [2]
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Page 12
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Page 13

The following diagram shows a sector OACB of centre O, and radius 1 m. AÔB is 50°.
(a) Find the length of the major arc ACB. [3]

The following diagram shows a solid made from a cylinder from which a wedge was
removed. The length of the cylinder is 8 m and the cross-section of the solid is as in the
diagram above.
1m
8m
(c) Find the volume of the solid. [2]

(d) Find the total surface area of the solid. [6]
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Page 14
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Page 15

The following diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 4 cm.
20° 40°

The points A, B and C lie on the circle. The point D is outside the circle, on (OC).
Angle ADC = 20° and angle AOC = 40°.
(a) Find AD. [3]
(b) Find OD. [4]
(d) Find the area of region ABCD. [4]
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Page 16
MAI

TRIGONOMETRIC CIRCLE – RADIANS –TRIANGLES II
TRIGONOMETRIC CIRCLE AND RADIANS
(a) Express the following angles in radians; give your answer in terms of π.
(i) 20° (ii) 18° (iii) 540° [3]
(b) Express the following angles in degrees

 
(i) rad (ii) rad (iii) 2.5 . [3]
18 5
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Page 1
[MAI 3.6-3.7] TRIGONOMETRIC CIRCLE – RADIANS –TRIANGLES II

In the diagram below, the point A represents the angle of 30°, or otherwise rad, on
6
the unit circle.
30° or 
6
(a) Write down the values corresponding to the points B, C and D

(i) in degrees in the interval 0    360
(ii) in radians in the interval 0    2 [4]
A B C D
in degrees 30°

in radians
6
11
(b) Suppose now that C represents the angle of 220°, or otherwise rad,
9
Complete in a similar way as in (a) the following table: [4]
A B C D
in degrees 220°
11
in radians
9
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Page 2

In the diagram below, the point A represents the angle of 30°, or otherwise rad, on
6
the unit circle.
30° or 
6
The general formula for the angles corresponding to point A is
in degrees: 30° + 360°k kZ
in radians:  + 2kπ kZ

6
Determine the values of the angle at point A the following intervals:
In degrees in radians
2nd period
backwards  720    360  4    2
1st period
backwards  360    0  2    0

1st period 0    360 30° 0    2
6
2nd period 360    720 2    4
3rd period 720    1080 4    6
[8]
Page 3
The angles of the triangle ABC below are given in radians.
0.7 0.5
B C
(a) Find the value of angle A (in radians), correct to 2 dp. [2]
(b) Find AC. [2]
(c) Find BC. [2]
(d) Find the area of the triangle. [2]
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Page 4
ARCS AND SECTORS (IN RADIANS)
O is the centre of the circle which has a radius of 10 cm. The size of AÔB is 1.5 rad.
A B
(a) Find the lengths of the minor arc AB and of the major arc AB. [3]
(b) Find the areas of the minor sector (shaded region) and of the major sector. [3]
(c) Find the perimeters of the minor sector (shaded region) and of the major sector. [2]
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Page 5
The following diagram shows a circle of centre O, and radius 15 cm. The arc ACB
subtends an angle of 2 radians at the centre O.
C
A B
15
cm
2 rad
O
AÔB = 2 radians
OA = 15 cm
(a) Find the length of the arc ACB; [2]

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The diagram shows a circle of radius 5 cm. Find the perimeter of the shaded region.
1 radian
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Page 6
The circle shown has centre O and radius 3.9 cm. Points A and B lie on the circle and
angle AOB is 1.8 radians.
(a) Find AB. [3]

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The following diagram shows a circle of centre O, and radius r. The shaded sector
OACB has an area of 27 cm2. Angle AÔB = θ = 1.5 radians.

A
C
B
r
O
(a) Find the radius. [4]

(b) Calculate the length of the minor arc ACB. [2]
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Page 7

The diagram below shows a circle centre O, with radius r.
2π
The length of arc ABC is 3π cm and AÔC = .
9
(b) Find the perimeter of sector OABC. [2]
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Page 8

The following diagram shows a circle with radius r and centre O. The points A, B and C
are on the circle and AÔC = .
4 2
The area of sector OABC is π, the length of arc ABC is π.
3 3
(a) Find the value of r and of θ. [5]
(b) Find the perimeter of the sector OABC. [2]
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Page 9

The diagram below shows a sector AOB of a circle of radius 15 cm and centre O. The
angle θ at the centre of the circle is 2 radians.
(a) Calculate the area of the sector AOB. [2]

(b) Calculate the area of the shaded region. [3]
(c) Calculate the perimeter of the shaded region. [4]
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Page 10

The following diagram shows a sector of a circle of radius r cm, and angle θ at the
centre. The perimeter of the sector is 20 cm.
20  2r
(a) Show that θ = . [2]
r
(b) The area of the sector is 25 cm2. Find the value of r. [3]
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The diagram shows a circle centre O and radius r cm,, with AÔB = θ , θ  0. The area
of Δ AOB is three times the shaded area. Find the value of θ.
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Page 11
The diagram below shows a circle of radius 5 cm with centre O. Points A, B are on the
circle, and AÔB is 0.8 radians. N is on [OB] such that [AN] is perpendicular to [OB].
5 cm
0.8
O B
N
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Page 12

The diagram below shows a pair of intersecting circles with centres at P and Q with
radii of 5cm and 6cm respectively. RS is the common chord of both circles, PQ is 7 cm.
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Page 13
Two discs, one of radius 8 cm and one of radius 5 cm, are placed such that they touch each
other. A piece of string is wrapped around the discs. This is shown in the diagram below.
Calculate the length of the string needed to go around the discs.
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Page 14
TRIANGLES II – AMBIGUOUS CASE

Complete the following table: (angle θ  [0° ,180°] to the nearest degree; sin θ to 3sf)
0° ≤ θ ≤ 90° sin θ 90° ≤ θ ≤ 180° sin θ
30° 150°
40° 140°
50° 0.766 0.766
0.600 0.600
The diagram shows a triangle ABC with AB=9, AC = AD = 5, B̂ = 30°, Ĉ = 45°.
9 5 5
30° 45°
B D C
(a) Write down the value of the angle B Â C. [1]
(b) Find the value of angle BD̂A and hence the value of angle B Â D. [2]
(c) Find BC. [2]
(d) Find BD. [2]
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Page 15

In the triangle ABC, Â = 30°, BC = 3 and AB = 5. Find the two possible values of B̂ .
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In a triangle ABC, Â = 35°, BC = 4 cm and AC = 6.5 cm. Find the possible values of B̂
and the corresponding values of AB.
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Page 16

In a triangle ABC, A B̂ C =30°, AB = 6cm , AC = 3 2 cm. Find the possible lengths of [BC].
METHOD A: Use Sine rule.
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METHOD B: Use Cosine rule.
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In triangle ABC, A B̂ C =31°, AC = 3cm , BC =5cm. Calculate the possible lengths of [AB].
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Page 17

The diagrams below show two triangles both satisfying the conditions
AB = 20 cm, AC = 17 cm, AB̂C = 50°.
Triangle 1 Triangle 2
A A
B C B C

Calculate
(a) the size of AĈB in Triangle 2. [3]
(b) the area of Triangle 1. [3]
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Page 18

The following diagram shows the triangle ABC.

The angle at C is obtuse, AC = 5 cm, BC = 13.6 cm and the area is 20 cm2.
(a) Find AĈB . [4]
(b) Find AB. [3]
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In a triangle ABC, AB = 4 cm, AC = 3 cm and the area of the triangle is 4.5 cm2.
Find the two possible values of the angle BÂC .
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Page 19

(a) Let y = –16x2 + 160x –256. Given that y has a maximum value, find
(i) the value of x giving the maximum value of y;

(ii) this maximum value of y. [4]
The triangle XYZ has XZ = 6, YZ = x, XY = z as shown below. The perimeter of triangle
XYZ is 16.
(b) (i) Express z in terms of x.
(ii) Using the cosine rule, express z2 in terms of x and cos Z.
5 x 16
(iii) Hence, show that cos Z = . [7]
3x
Let the area of triangle XYZ be A.
(c) Show that A2 = 9x2 sin2 Z. [2]
(d) Hence, show that A2 = –16x2 + 160x – 256. [4]

(e) (i) Hence, write down the maximum area for triangle XYZ.
(ii) What type of triangle is the triangle with maximum area? [3]
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Page 20
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Page 21
The area of the triangle shown below is 2.21 cm2. The length of the shortest side is x
cm and the other two sides are 3x cm and (x + 3) cm.
x 3x
x+3
(a) Using the formula for the area of the triangle, express sin θ in terms of x. [2]
(b) Using the cosine rule, express cos θ in terms of x (simplify your answer). [2]
(c) (i) Using your answers to parts (a) and (b), show that,
2 2
 3x 2  2 x  3   4.42 
  1  2 
 2x 2
  3x 
(ii) Hence find the possible values of x and the corresponding values of θ, in
radians, using your answer to part (b) above. [6]
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Page 22

The following diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 4 cm.

The points A, B and C lie on the circle. The point D is outside the circle, on (OC).
Angle ADC = 0.3 radians and angle AOC = 0.8 radians.
(a) Find AD. [3]
(b) Find OD. [4]
(d) Find the area of region ABCD. [4]
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Page 23

The following diagram shows the triangle AOP, where OP = 2cm, AP = 4cm and AO= 3cm
A
diagram not to
scale
O P
(a) Calculate AÔP , giving your answer in radians. [3]
The following diagram shows two circles which intersect at the points A and B. The
smaller circle C1 has centre O and radius 3 cm, the larger circle C2 has centre P and
radius 4 cm, and OP = 2 cm. The point D lies on the circumference of C1 and E on the
circumference of C2.Triangle AOP is the same as triangle AOP in the diagram above.
A
C2
C1
diagram not to
D E O P
scale
(b) Find AÔB , giving your answer in radians. [2]
(c) Given that AP̂B is 1.63 radians, calculate the area of

(i) sector PAEB;
(ii) sector OADB. [5]
(d) The area of the quadrilateral AOBP is 5.81 cm2.
(i) Find the area of AOBE. (ii) Hence find the area of the shaded region AEBD. [4]
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Page 24
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Page 25

2
The diagram shows a triangle ABC in which AC = 7 , BC = 6, AB̂C = 45°.
2
A
Diagram 2
7 2
not to scale
45°
B 6 C
2 6
(a) Use the fact that sin 45° = to show that sin BÂC = . [2]
2 7
6
The point D is on (AB), between A and B, such that sin BD̂C = .
7
(b) (i) Write down the value of BD̂C + BÂC .
(ii) Calculate the angle BCD.
(iii) Find the length of [BD]. [6]
Area of ΔBDC BD
(c) Show that = . [2]
Area of ΔBAC BA
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Page 26
MAI
EXERCISES [MAI 3.8]

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Complete the following table
Function Amplitude Period Range
f ( x)  sin x 1 2 1  y  1
f ( x)  cos x
f ( x)  sin x  1
f ( x)  sin x  1
f ( x)  5 sin x
f ( x)  7 sin x
f ( x)  sin 4 x
f ( x)   cos 4 x
f ( x)  3 sin 4 x
f ( x)  3 sin 4 x  10
f ( x)  3 sin 4 x  2
f ( x)  5 sin 3 x
f ( x)  5 sin x  10
f ( x)  5sin x  10
f ( x)  5cos x  10
Page 1
[MAI 3.8] TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Part of the graph of a trigonometric function f ( x) is given below. There is a local
maximum at (π/8,180) and a local minimum at (3π/8,20).

(i) the amplitude (ii) the central/principal axis (iii) the period [3]
(b) Express the function in the form f ( x)  A sin Bx  C [3]
(c) Complete the following table by expressing f ( x) in three alternative forms. [6]
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f ( x)  80 sin B ( x  D)  C
f ( x)  80 cosB ( x  D )  C
f ( x)  80 cosB( x  D )  C
Page 2
f ( x)  60 sin 4 x  100 , 0  x  
f ( x)  60 cos 4 x  100 , 0  x  
Page 3
f ( x)  60 sin 4 x  80 , 0  x  
(a) Sketch the graph of the function
f ( x)  60 cos 4 x  80 , 0  x  
[4]
(b) Write down the possible values of k if the equation f ( x)  k has
(i) exactly two solution ................................................................
(ii) exactly three solutions ................................................................
(iii) exactly four solutions ................................................................
(iv) no solutions ................................................................ [4]
Page 4
 
Let f ( x)  4 sin  3 x   . For what values of k will the equation f ( x)  k have no
 2
solutions?
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The graph of y = p cos qx + r, for –5 ≤ x ≤ 14, is shown below.
There is a minimum point at (0, –3) and a maximum point at (4, 7).
(a) Find the value of
(i) p; (ii) q; (iii) r. [6]
(b) The equation y = k has exactly two solutions. Write down the value of k. [1]
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Page 5
Consider g ( x)  3sin 2 x .
(a) Write down the period of g . [1]
(b) On the diagram below, sketch the curve of g , for 0  x  2 .
y
4
3
2
1
0 x
π π 3π 2π
–1 2 2
–2
–3
–4
[3]
(c) Write down the number of solutions to the equation g ( x)  2 , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π. [2]
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The graph of a function of the form y  p cos qx is given in the diagram below.
y
40
30
20
10
x
/2 
–10
–20
–30
–40
(a) Write down the value of p . [2]
(b) Calculate the value of q . [2]
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Page 6

Let f ( x)  sin 2 x and g ( x)  sin(0.5 x) .
(a) Write down
(i) the minimum value of the function f
(ii) the period of the function g . [3]
3
(b) Consider the equation f ( x)  g ( x) Find the number of solutions, for 0  x  [3]
2
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Part of the graph of y  p  q cos x is shown below. The graph passes through the
points (0, 3) and (π, –1).
Find the value of (i) p ; (ii) q .
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Page 7

The depth, y metres, of sea water in a bay t hours after midnight may be represented
by the function
 2 
y  a  b cos  t where a , b and k are constants.
 k 
The water is at a maximum depth of 14.3 m at midnight and noon, and is at a minimum
depth of 10.3 m at 06:00 and at 18:00.
Write down the value of (ι) a ; (ιι) b ; (ιιι) k .
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Let f ( x)  a sin b( x  c) . Part of the graph of f is given below.
Given that a , b and c are positive, find the value of a , of b and of c .
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Page 8

π π
Let f ( x)  4 tan 2 x  4sin x ,   x .
3 3
(a) On the grid below, sketch the graph of y  f ( x) .
[3]
(b) Solve the equation f ( x)  1 . [2]
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Let f ( x)  6sin  x and g ( x)  6e x  3 , for 0  x  2 . The graph of f is shown on the
diagram below. There is a maximum value at B (0.5, b).

y
B
x
0 1 2
(a) Write down the value of b . [1]

(b) On the same diagram, sketch the graph of g . [3]
(c) Solve f ( x)  g ( x) , 0.5  x  1.5 . [2]
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Page 9
A formula for the depth d metres of water in a harbour at a time t hours after midnight is
 
d  P  Q cos  t , 0  t  24,
6 
where P and Q are positive constants. In the following graph the point (6, 8.2) is a
minimum point and the point (12, 14.6) is a maximum point.
d
15 (12, 14.6)
10.
(6, 8.2)
5
0 6 12 18 24 t
(a) Find the value of (i) Q ; (ii) P . [3]

(b) Find the first time in the 24-hour period when the depth of the water is 10 metres. [3]
(c) (i) Use symmetry of the graph to find the next time when the depth d is 10m.
(ii) Hence find the time intervals in the 24-hour period during which the water is
less than 10 metres deep. [4]
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Page 10

The following graph shows the depth of water, y metres, at a point P, during one day.
The time t is given in hours, from midnight to noon.
(a) Use the graph to write down an estimate of the value of t when
(i) the depth of water is minimum;
(ii) the depth of water is maximum;
(iii) the depth of the water is increasing most rapidly. [3]
(b) The depth of water can be modelled by the function y = A cos (B (t – 1)) + C.
(i) Show that A = 8.
(ii) Write down the value of C.
(iii) Find the value of B. [6]
(c) A sailor knows that he cannot sail past P when the depth of the water is less than
12 m. Calculate the values of t between which he cannot sail past P. [2]
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Page 11

The diagram shows the graph of the function f given by
 
f ( x)  A sin  x   B , for 0  x  5 ,
2 
where A and B are constants, and x is measured in radians.
y (1,3) (5, 3)
(0, 1)
x
0 1 2 3 4 5
(3, –1)
The graph includes the points (1, 3) and (5, 3), which are maximum points of the graph.
(a) Write down the values of f (1) and f (5) . [2]
(b) Show that the period of f is 4. [2]
The point (3, –1) is a minimum point of the graph.

(c) Show that A  2 , and find the value of B . [5]
(d) Solve the equation f ( x)  2 for 0  x  5 . [5]
(e) Consider the equation f ( x)  k , for 0  x  5 .
Write down the possible values of k if the equation has
(i) exactly one solution

(ii) exactly three solutions
(iii) exactly two solutions
(iv) no solutions [4]
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Page 13

The depth y metres of water in a harbour is given by the equation
t
y  10  4sin   .
2
where t is the number of hours after midnight.
(a) Calculate the depth of the water (i) when t  2 ; (ii) at 21:00. [3]
The sketch below shows the depth y , of water, at time t , during one day (24 hours).
y
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
depth (metres)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 t
time (hours)
(b) (i) Write down the maximum depth of water in the harbour.
(ii) Calculate the value of t when the water is first at its maximum depth during
the day. [3]
The harbour gates are closed when the depth of the water is less than seven metres.
An alarm rings when the gates are opened or closed.
(c) (i) How many times does the alarm sound during the day?
(ii) Find the value of t when the alarm sounds first.
(iii) Use the graph to find the length of time during the day when the harbour
gates are closed. Give your answer in hours, to the nearest hour. [7]
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Page 14
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Page 15

Let f ( x)  3sin x  4 cos x , for 2  x  2 .
(a) Sketch the graph of f . [3]
(b) Write down
π
(i) the amplitude; (ii) the period; (iii) the x -intercept between  and 0. [3]
2
(c) Hence write f ( x) in the form p sin( qx  r ) . [3]
(d) Write down the x -coordinates of the points where f has a maximum. [2]
(e) Write down the two values of k for which the equation f ( x)  k has exactly two
solutions. [2]
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Page 16

A spring is suspended from the ceiling. It is pulled down and released, and then
oscillates up and down. Its length, l centimetres, is modelled by the function
l  33  5cos  4 t  ,
where t is time in seconds after release.
(a) Find the length of the spring after 1 second. [2]
(b) Find (ι) the minimum length of the spring. (ii) the maximum length of the spring. [3]
(c) Find the first time at which the length is 33 cm. [2]
(d) What is the period of the motion? [2]
(e) Within the first 5 seconds, find the number of times the spring has
(i) its minimum length (ii) a length of 30cm. [3]
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Page 17

A Ferris wheel with centre O and a radius of 15 metres is represented in the diagram
π
below. Initially seat A is at ground level. The next seat is B, where AÔB = .
6
(a) Find the length of the arc AB. [2]

(b) Find the area of the sector AOB. [2]
2π
(c) The wheel turns clockwise through an angle of . Find the height of A above the
3
ground. [3]
The height, h metres, of seat A above the ground after t minutes, can be modelled by
the function h(t )   a cos 2t  c .
(d) (i) Find the values of a and c .
(ii) Find the time for a complete turn of the wheel. [5]
The height, h metres, of seat C above the ground after t minutes, can be modelled by
 
the function h(t )  15  15cos  2t  
 4

(e) (i) Find the height of seat C when t  .
4
(ii) Find the initial height of seat C.
(iii) Find the time at which seat C first reaches its highest point. [8]
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Page 18
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Page 19

The following diagram represents a large Ferris wheel, with a diameter of 100 metres.
Let P be a point on the wheel. The wheel starts with P at the lowest point, at ground
level. The wheel rotates at a constant rate, in an anticlockwise (counterclockwise)
direction. One revolution takes 20 minutes.
(a) Write down the height of P above ground level after
(i) 10 minutes; (ii) 15 minutes. [2]
Let h(t ) metres be the height of P above ground level after t minutes. Some values of
h(t ) are given in the table below.

t h(t)
0 0.0
1 2.4
2 9.5
3 20.6
4 34.5
5 50.0
(b) (i) Show that h (8) = 90.5. (ii) Find h (21). [4]
(c) Sketch the graph of h , for 0  t  40 . [3]
(d) Given that h can be expressed in the form h(t )  a cos bt  c , find a , b and c . [5]
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Page 21


Let f ( x)  5 cos x and g ( x)  0.5 x 2  5 x  8 , for 0  x  9 .
4
(a) On the same diagram, sketch the graphs of f and g . [3]
(b) Consider the graph of f . Write down
(i) the x -intercept that lies between x  0 and x  3 ;
(ii) the period;
(iii) the amplitude. [4]
(c) Consider the graph of g . Write down
(i) the two x -intercepts;
(ii) the equation of the axis of symmetry. [3]
(d) Find the x -coordinates of the points of intersection between f and g . [2]
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Page 22

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INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

Mathematics: applications and interpretation

EXERCISES [MAI 1.4-1.5]

Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis

A. Paper 1 questions (SHORT)

SEQUENCES (IN GENERAL)

(b) Write down the values of u 2 and S 2 . [2]

(c) Find S 5 . [1]

(a) Write down the values of u 2 and u 20 . [2]

(b) Find the value of S 5 . [2]

(c) Express the value of u n in terms of n . [1]

(b) Find a relation between A , B and C . [2]

10. [Maximum mark: 11]

(b) Find u101 and S101 [4]

(e) Hence find the value of n given that u n = 51 [2]

11. [Maximum mark: 6]

12. [Maximum mark: 6]

13. [Maximum mark: 4]

14. [Maximum mark: 4]

15. [Maximum mark: 6]

16. [Maximum mark: 4

17. [Maximum mark: 5]

18. [Maximum mark: 6]

19. [Maximum mark: 6]

20. [Maximum mark: 6]

21. [Maximum mark: 5]

22. [Maximum mark: 6]

23. [Maximum mark: 4]

(b) Find the value of n for which Sn = 1365. [2]

24. [Maximum mark: 6]

(a) Write down u1. [1]

25. [Maximum mark: 8]

26. [Maximum mark: 6]

27. [Maximum mark: 5]

28. [Maximum mark: 7]

29. [Maximum mark: 7]

30. [Maximum mark: 5]

31. [Maximum mark: 6]

32. [Maximum mark: 6]

33. [Maximum mark: 7]

34. [Maximum mark: 5]

35. [Maximum mark: 5]

36. [Maximum mark: 5]

37. [Maximum mark: 5]

38. [Maximum mark: 6]

39. [Maximum mark: 6]

40. [Maximum mark: 4]

41. [Maximum mark: 6]

42. [Maximum mark: 4]

43. [Maximum mark: 6]

She remains in this employment for 10 years.

44. [Maximum mark: 6]

45. [Maximum mark: 6]

46. [Maximum mark: 4]

Date in October 1 2 3 4 .....................

B. Paper 2 questions (LONG)

47. [Maximum mark: 14]

48. [Maximum mark: 10]

49. [Maximum mark: 10]

50. [Maximum mark: 12]

EXERCISES [MAI 1.6]

Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis