OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

SY: 2021 – 2022 (SECOND SEMESTER)

 COEFFICIENT CONSTANT
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎

TERM VARIABLE

2 ND DEGREE EQUATION
Definition: A conic is defined as a set
of curves formed from dividing or
cutting a right circular cone.

These four types of curves are: circle,

ellipse, parabola and hyperbola.

The GENERAL FORM of a conic is:

𝟐 𝟐
𝑨𝒙 + 𝑩𝒙𝒚 + 𝑪𝒚 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎
Definition: If the plane cuts only one
of the circular cone nappes and it is
perpendicular to the axis, the formed
image is circle.
Definition: If the plane cuts only one
of the circular cone nappes and is
parallel to the surface base of the
cone with an angle, the formed
image is ellipse.
Definition: If the cutting plane is
parallel only to one generator and it
is perpendicular to the base of the
cone, the curved is formed called
parabola.
Definition: If the plane cuts both
nappes and is parallel to two
generators, the intersection curved is
a hyperbola.
 𝟐
• 𝑩 − 𝟒𝑨𝑪
•
 Quadratic Terms and
Type 𝟐
𝑩 − 𝟒𝑨𝑪
Constants
𝐴𝑥 2 and 𝐶𝑦 2 are BOTH
CIRCLE 𝐵 2 − 4𝐴𝐶 < 0 where
𝐵 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝐴 = 𝐶
present
𝐴=𝐶

Hb: What type of a curve is the equation: 𝟐 𝟐

𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒 = 𝟎

A. By the formula: 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 B. By observing the quadratic terms

Terms 𝐴𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2 and 𝐶𝑦 2 = 𝑦 2
are both present. Also, 𝐴 = 1 and
𝐶 = 1, therefore 𝐴 = 𝐶.
By its given quadratic terms, this
equation is a circle.
 Quadratic Terms and
Type 𝟐
𝑩 − 𝟒𝑨𝑪
Constants
𝐴𝑥 2 and 𝐶𝑦 2 are BOTH
ELLIPSE 𝐵 2 − 4𝐴𝐶 < 0 where
𝐵 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝐴 ≠ 𝐶
present (same sign)
𝐴≠𝐶
Hb: What type of a curve is the equation: 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟗𝒙 = −𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟎𝒚 + 𝟔

A. By the formula: 𝐵 − 4𝐴𝐶

2
B. By observing the quadratic terms

Terms 𝐴𝑥 = 3𝑥 and 𝐶𝑦 = 2𝑦
2 2 2 2

are both present. Also, 𝐴 = 3 and

𝐶 = 2, therefore 𝐴 ≠ 𝐶.
By its given quadratic terms, this
equation is a ellipse.
 Quadratic Terms and
Type 𝟐
𝑩 − 𝟒𝑨𝑪
Constants
Only ONE quadratic term is
PARABOLA 𝐵 2 − 4𝐴𝐶 = 0 present
(either 𝐴𝑥 2 or 𝐶𝑦 2 )
Hb: What type of a curve is the equation: 𝟐
𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟕 = 𝟎

A. By the formula: 𝐵 − 4𝐴𝐶

2
B. By observing the quadratic terms

Term 𝐴𝑥 = 𝑥 is the only one

2 2

present.
By its given quadratic terms, this
equation is a parabola.
 Quadratic Terms and
Type 𝟐
𝑩 − 𝟒𝑨𝑪
Constants
𝐴𝑥 2 and 𝐶𝑦 2 are BOTH
HYPERBOLA 𝐵 2 − 4𝐴𝐶 > 0 where
𝐴≠𝐶
present (opposite sign)
𝐴≠𝐶

Hb: What type of a curve is the equation: 𝟐 𝟐

𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎

A. By the formula: 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 B. By observing the quadratic terms

Terms 𝐴𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 2 and 𝐶𝑦 2 = −3𝑦 2

are both present. Also, 𝐴 = 2 and 𝐶 = −3,
therefore 𝐴 ≠ 𝐶.
By its given quadratic terms, this
equation is a hyperbola.
 Quadratic Terms and
Type 𝑩𝟐 − 𝟒𝑨𝑪
Constants

𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 < 0 where 𝐴𝑥 2 and 𝐶𝑦 2 are BOTH present

CIRCLE 𝐵 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝐴 = 𝐶 𝐴=𝐶

𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 < 0 where 𝐴𝑥 2 and 𝐶𝑦 2 are BOTH present

ELLIPSE 𝐵 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝐴 ≠ 𝐶 𝐴≠𝐶

Only ONE quadratic term is

PARABOLA 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 = 0 present
(either 𝐴𝑥 2 or 𝐶𝑦 2 )

𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 > 0 where 𝐴𝑥 2 and 𝐶𝑦 2 are BOTH present

HYPERBOLA 𝐴≠𝐶 𝐴≠𝐶

Always transform the equation to GENERAL EQUATION first.

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