Villamaria, Angela E.

BSN 4-4 MS-Clinical Form 014

Lyceum of the Philippines University

College of Nursing
DRUG STUDY

Drug Name Classification Indication Contraindication Side Effects/Adverse Reaction Nursing Monitoring Parameters
and Mechanism Responsibilit
of Actions ies
Brand Name: Pharmacologic Ceftriaxone is  Neonates (28  Pain and redness at the Assess for  Monitor for
Rocephin class: Third- a broad- days or injection site signs and extreme
generation spectrum younger)  Warmth, tightness, and symptoms of confusion, tonic-
cephalosporin cephalosporin hardening of skin following HPA axis clonic seizures,
Generic Name: Therapeutic antibiotic used intravenous use suppression, and mild
Ceftriaxone class: Anti- for the  Diarrhea, ranging from infection, and hemiparesis when
infective treatment of mild to severe ocular giving high doses.
Dosage: bacterial  Rash (typically widespread changes.  Monitor
1 to 2 g/day Interferes with infections in with flat, red areas of skin coagulation
Maximum daily bacterial cell-wall various covered with tiny bumps) studies.
dosage is 4 g. synthesis and locations,  Abnormal white blood cell  Assess CBC and
division by binding such as in the counts, most kidney and liver.
Route: to cell wall, respiratory commonly eosinophilia (hig  function test
I.M. or I.V. causing cell to tract, skin, soft h eosinophils) results.
die. Active against tissue, and and leukopenia (low  Monitor for signs
Frequency: q12 gram-negative urinary tract. leukocytes) and symptoms of
and gram-positive  Abnormal red blood cells  superinfection and
bacteria, with counts, other serious
expanded activity primarily thrombocytosis (e  adverse reactions.
against gram- xcessive platelets)  Be aware that
negative bacteria. cross-sensitivity to
Exhibits minimal  Penicillin and
immunosuppressa cephalosporins
Villamaria, Angela E.
BSN 4-4 MS-Clinical Form 014
nt activity. may
 occur

Drug Name Classification Indication Contraindication Side Effects/Adverse Reaction Nursing Monitoring Parameters
and Mechanism Responsibilities
of Actions
Brand Name: Pharmacologic Cefuroxime is  Hypersens  nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; Advise patient to  Monitor patient
Apo- class: Second- for moderate itivity to  flu-like symptoms; immediately for life-
Cefuroxime, generation to severe cephalosp  vaginal itching or discharge; report rash or threatening
Ceftin, Ratio- cephalosporin infections, orins or or bleeding adverse effects,
Cefuroxime, Therapeutic including penicillins  diaper rash (in people using tendency. including
Zinnat class: Anti- those of skin,  Carnitine the oral suspension). Instruct patient to anaphylaxis,
infective bone, joints, deficiency  take drug with Stevens-Johnson
Generic Name: urinary or Severe side effects: food every 12 syndrome, and
cefuroxime Interferes with respiratory  evere stomach pain, hours as pseudomembran
axetil bacterial cell-wall diarrhea that is watery or prescribed. ous colitis.
synthesis and bloody (even if it occurs Teach patient  Monitor
Dosage: division by binding months after your last how to recognize neurologic
750 mg to 1.5 g to cell wall, dose); signs and status,
causing cell to  jaundice (yellowing of the symptoms of particularly for
Route: die. Active against skin or eyes); superinfection. signs of
I.M. or I.V. gram-negative  fever, chills; Instruct him to impending
and gram-positive  a seizure; or report these right seizures.
Frequency: q8 bacteria, with  chest pain. away.
expanded activity Advise patient to  Monitor kidney
against gram- report CNS and liver function
negative bacteria. changes. 240 test results and
cefuroxime axetil, intake and
Canada UK output.
Hazardous drug
High alert drug  Monitor CBC with
As appropriate, differential and
review all other prothrombin time;
significant and watch for signs
life-threatening and symptoms of
adverse reactions blood dyscrasias.
Villamaria, Angela E.
BSN 4-4 MS-Clinical Form 014
and interactions,
especially those  Monitor
related to the temperature;
drugs, tests, and watch for signs
foods mentioned and symptoms of
above. superinfection.

Drug Name Classification Indication Contraindication Side Effects/Adverse Nursing Monitoring

and Reaction Responsibilities Parameters
Mechanism of
Actions
Brand Name: Corticosteroids Hydrocortisone  Untreated serious  thinning skin, Assess for signs  Monitor blood
Hydrocort, injection is used infections bruising or and symptoms of pressure,
Alphosyl, The short term to treat many (except tuberculous discoloration; HPA axis serum
Aquacort, effects of conditions. meningitis or septic sho  increased suppression, glucose and
Cortef, corticosteroids These include ck) sweating; infection, and electrolytes,
Cortenema, are decreased inflammation,  Idiopathic thrombocytop  stomach bloating; ocular changes. bone mineral
SoluCortef vasodilation and disorders of the enic purpura  changes in your density,
permeability of skin, hormones,  Intrathecal menstrual weight;
capillaries, as stomach, blood, administration periods; growth in
Generic Name: well as nerves, eyes, (injection)  increased children
Hydrocortisone decreased kidneys, or  Documented appetite, weight
leukocyte lungs. hypersensitivity gain;
Dosage: migration to  Administration of live or  headache, dizzin
10mg sites of live, attenuated vaccine ess; or
inflammation. s is contraindicated in  trouble sleeping.
patients
Route: receiving immunosuppr
IV essive doses of the
drug
Frequency:
stat/single order

Drug Name Classification Indication Contraindication Side Nursing Responsibilities Monitoring

and Effects/Adverse Parameters
Villamaria, Angela E.
BSN 4-4 MS-Clinical Form 014
Mechanism of Reaction
Actions
Brand Name: Pharmacologic Short-term Hypersensitivity to CNS: ● Tell patient to take 30 to 60  Assess vital
Heartburn class: Proton treatment of drug or its dizziness, minutes before a meal, signs.
Relief, Losec, pump inhibitor active duodenal component headache, preferably in morning.  Check for
Mepradec, ulcer or benign asthenia ● Instruct patient to swallow abdominal
Prilosec, Therapeutic gastric ulcer; GI: nausea, capsules or tablets whole and pain,
Prilosec OTC, class: prophylaxis of vomiting, not to chew or crush them. If he emesis,
Ratio- Antiulcer drug duodenal ulcer diarrhea, can’t swallow capsule, tell him diarrhea, or
Omeprazole, (at lower doses); constipation, he may open it, carefully constipation.
Sandoz Reduces treatment of abdominal sprinkle and mix entire contents  Evaluate
Omeprazole, gastric acid gastroesophagea pain into 1 tbsp of cool applesauce, fluid intake
Zanprol secretion and l reflux disease, Metabolic: and swallow immediately with and output.
increases heartburn, acid hypomagnese glass of water.  Watch for
Generic gastric mucus indigestion, and mia elevated
Name: and gastric Musculoskel liver function
omeprazole bicarbonate hypersecretory etal: back test results
magnesium production, states (such as pain; fractures (rare).
creating Zollinger- of hip, wrist,  Monitor
Dosage: protective Ellison spine (with magnesium
40 mg OD coating on syndrome); long-term level before
gastric mucosa prevention and daily use) starting drug
Route: and easing treatment of Respiratory: and
IV discomfort stressinduced cough, upper periodically
from excess upper GI respiratory thereafter in
Frequency: gastric acid bleeding in tract infection patients
OD critically ill Skin: rash expected to
patients be on long-
term
treatment or
who take
proton pump
inhibitors
Villamaria, Angela E.
BSN 4-4 MS-Clinical Form 014
with other
drugs such
as digoxin
or drugs that
may cause
hypomagne
semia

Drug Name Classification Indication Contraindication Side Nursing Responsibilities Monitoring

and Effects/Adverse Parameters
Mechanism of Reaction
Actions
Brand Name: Pharmacologic Chronic stable  Hypersensitiv  Arm, back,  Tell patient he may take  Assess vital
Cardene, class: Calcium angina, given ity to drug or jaw pain immediate release capsules signs and
Cardene IV, channel blocker alone or with  Advanced  chest pain without regard to meals. If cardiovascula
Cardene SR beta-adrenergic aortic or GI upset occurs, advise him r status.
Therapeutic blockers stenosis discomfort to take them with food, but  Monitor fluid
Generic Name: class:  chest not with grapefruit or intake and
nicardipine Antianginal, tightness grapefruit juice. output.
hydrochloride antihypertensive or  Tell patient not to open, Assess for
heaviness crush, break, or chew signs and
Dosage: Inhibits calcium  fast sustained-release capsules. symptoms of
20-40mg transport into or irregular Instruct him to take them heart failure
myocardial and heartbeat with meals, but not with
vascular smooth  nausea high-fat meals, grapefruit, or
Route: muscle cells,  palpitations grapefruit juice.
Oral causing cardiac  Tell patient to monitor blood
 shortness
output and pressure and report
of breath
Frequency: myocardial abnormal findings. 2Advise
 sweating
T.I.D contractions to patient to immediately
decrease  swelling of
the leg report chest pain or blood
pressure drop.
 Instruct patient to consult
prescriber before drinking
alcohol or taking herbs or
Villamaria, Angela E.
BSN 4-4 MS-Clinical Form 014
over-the-counter drugs
(especially cold remedies)

 As appropriate, review all

other significant adverse
reactions and interactions,
especially those related to
the drugs, foods, herbs, and
behaviors mentioned
above.

Drug Name Classification and Indicatio Contraindication Side Nursing Responsibilities Monitoring
Mechanism of n Effects/Adverse Parameters
Actions Reaction
Brand Name: Adrenergic Preventio  Pre-existing CNS: insomnia,  Note: Ephedrine is a  Monitor vital
 Adrenalin, Auvi- bronchodilators, Catec n of hypertension headache, commonly abused drug. signs, ECG,
Q, holamines, Vasopress exercise-  Occlusive hyperactivity, Learn adverse effects and and fluid
Epinephrinesna ors induced vascular asthenia, malaise, dangers; take intake and
p-EMS, bronchos disease dizziness, medication ONLY as output
Both indirect- and pasm,  Angle closure apprehension, prescribed.  Use
Generic Name: direct-acting preventio glaucoma anxiety,  Do not take OTC cautiously in
Epinephrine sympathomimetic n and  Hypersensitiv restlessness, CNS medications for coughs, severe renal
amine. Thought to act treatment ity stimulation, colds, allergies, or asthma or hepatic
Dosage: indirectly by releasing of  Cardiac nervousness, unless approved by impairment,
25–50 mg tissue stores of bronchos arrythmias or hyperkinesia, physician. Ephedrine is a advanced
norepinephrine and pasm in tachycardia vertigo, common ingredient in these aortic
Route: directly by stimulation reversible drowsiness, preparations. stenosis,
PO of alpha-, beta1-, and obstructiv tremor  Do not breast feed while cardiogenic
beta2-adrenergic e airway CV: hypertension, taking this drug without shock (unless
Frequency: q3– receptors. disease hypotension, consulting physician. associated
4h prn tachycardia, with
angina, chest pain, supraventricu
palpitations, lar
arrhythmias tachyarrhyth
EENT: nasal mias), history
congestion, nasal of serious
Villamaria, Angela E.
BSN 4-4 MS-Clinical Form 014
dryness and ventricular
irritation, epistaxis, arrhythmias
sore throat (with or heart
inhaled drug), failure,
hoarseness concurrent
GI: nausea, use of I.V.
vomiting, beta-
heartburn, adrenergic
anorexia blockers,
Metabolic: elderly
hypokalemia, patients,
hypoglycemia pregnant or
Musculoskeletal: breastfeeding
muscle cramps patients, and
children
(safety not
established).

Drug Name Classification and Indicatio Contraindication Side Nursing Responsibilities Monitoring
Mechanism of n Effects/Adverse Parameters
Actions Reaction
Brand Name: Pharmacologic Bradyarrh  Hypersensiti  dry mouth,  Instruct patient to  Watch
AtroPen class: Anticholinergic ythmias, vity to drug  blurred vision, immediately report allergic closely for
(antimuscarinic) symptom or other  sensitivity to response. signs and
Generic Name: Therapeutic class: atic belladonna light,  Inform patient that symptoms of
Atropine sulfate Antiarrhythmic bradycard alkaloids  lack of headache, eye pain, and anaphylaxis.
ia Acute sweating, blurred vision may signal  Monitor
Dosage: Inhibits acetylcholine narrow-  dizziness, glaucoma. Tell him to heart rate for
0.5 to 1 mg at parasympathetic angle  nausea, report these symptoms at bradycardia
neuroeffector junction glaucoma once. or
 loss of
Route: of smooth muscle and  Adhesions  Caution patient to avoid tachycardia.
balance,
IV cardiac muscle, between iris driving and other  Evaluate fluid
 hypersensitivit
blocking sinoatrial (SA) and lens hazardous activities until intake and
y reactions
Frequency: q3– and atrioventricular (ophthalmic he knows how drug output.
(such as
5mins (AV) nodes. These form) affects concentration,  Assess for
skin rash),
actions increase  Obstructive alertness, and vision. urine
and
Villamaria, Angela E.
BSN 4-4 MS-Clinical Form 014
impulse conduction GI tract  rapid  Encourage patient to retention or
and raise heart rate. In disease heartbeat establish an effective urinary
ophthalmic use, blocks  Unstable (tachycardia). bedtime routine to hesitancy.
cholinergic stimulation cardiovascul minimize insomnia.  Monitor for
to iris and ciliary ar status  Tell patient to apply signs and
bodies, causing  Asthma pressure to inside corner symptoms of
pupillary dilation and  Myasthenia of eye during instillation of glaucoma.
accommodation gravis ophthalmic solution and
paralysis.  Thyrotoxicos for 1 to 2 minutes
is afterward.
 Infants ages  As appropriate, review all
3 months other significant and life-
and younger threatening adverse
reactions and interactions,
especially those related to
the drugs, herbs, and
behaviors mentioned
above.

Drug Name Classification and Indicatio Contraindication Side Nursing Responsibilities Monitoring
Mechanism of n Effects/Adverse Parameters
Actions Reaction
Brand Name: Central stimulant, Cerebrov  Hypersensiti  Fleeting and  Instruct patient to take the  Monitor for
Cognizin Nootropic agent ascular Hypersensiti discrete medication as prescribed. adverse
Somazine diseases, vity hypotension  Teach the patient that effects;
Recognan Citicoline consumption Head  Patients with effect citicoline may be taken instruct
Neurolin promotes brain Trauma hypertonic of  Increased with or without food. patient to
Cholinerv metabolism by of varying the parasympathe report
restoring phospholipid severity, parasympath tic effects immediately if
content in the brain Cognitive etic.  Hypotension he/she
Generic Name: and regulation of disorders  Itching or develops
Citicoline neuronal membrane of diverse hives chest
excitability. It also etiology,  Swelling in tightness,
Dosage: influences the Parkinson face or hands tingling in
1g mitochondria or energy ’s disease  Chest mouth and
factories of the brain tightness throat,
Villamaria, Angela E.
BSN 4-4 MS-Clinical Form 014
Route: cells and found to  Tingling in headache,
IV/IM improve memory mouth and diarrhea and
function. After several throat blurring of
Frequency: OD clinical trials, Citicoline  Headache vision.
has been shown to  Nausea
raise the amount of  Diarrhea
acetylcholine in the  Blurred Vision
brain.   .

Drug Name Classification and Indication Contraindication Side Effects/Adverse Nursing Responsibilities Monitoring
Mechanism of Reaction Parameters
Actions
Brand Name: Classification: Anti- It is used to  Personal or  nausea  Unusual change in  Ophthalmic
Cyklokapron, fibrinolytic agent, treat heavy family  diarrhea bleeding pattern should exam (visual
Lysteda anti-hemorrhagic bleeding history of  stomach pain or be immediately reported acuity, optical
during coagulopath discomfort to the physician. coherence
Generic Name: monthly y  vomiting tomography)
Tranexamic Tranexamic acid is a periods  Venous  chills  For women who are at regular
Acid synthetic derivative (menstruatio thromboem  fever taking Tranexamic acid intervals if on
of lysine used as an n). bolism to control heavy long-term
 severe
Dosage: antifibrinolytic in the  Ischaemic bleeding, the medication therapy (>3
headache (thro
10mg/kg treatment and It may be heart should only be taken months).
bbing)
prevention of major given to you disease during the menstrual
 back or joint
Route: bleeding. Reduce or for other  Stroke period.  Monitor signs
pain
IV prevent hemorrhagic reasons.  Hypersensiti and
episodes, especially Talk with  muscle pain symptoms of
vity to  Inform the client that
Frequency: in the context of the doctor.  muscle stiffness hypersensitivi
tranexamic he/she should inform
OD/BID hyperfibrinolytic  difficulty moving ty reactions,
acid or any the physician
disorders.  runny or stuffy immediately if the seizures, and
of its
nose following severe side thrombotic
constituents
effects occur. events.
Villamaria, Angela E.
BSN 4-4 MS-Clinical Form 014
Drug Name Classification and Indication Contraindication Side Nursing Responsibilities Monitoring Parameters
Mechanism of Effects/Adverse
Actions Reaction
Brand Name: Classification: Anti- Active  Hypersensi CNS: headache,  Tell patient he may  Assess vital
Acid Reducer, fibrinolytic agent, anti- duodenal tivity to agitation, anxiety take oral drug with or signs.
Apo-Ranitidine, hemorrhagic ulcer, drug or its without food. Advise  Monitor CBC and
Co Ranitidine, maintain component GI: nausea, vomiting, him to take once-daily liver function
Gavilast , Histac healing of s diarrhea, prescription drug at tests.
, Raciran , Reduces gastric acid duodenal constipation, bedtime.
Ranitil , Rantek , secretion and ulcers  Alcohol abdominal discomfort  Instruct patient to
Zantac, Zantac increases gastric intolerance or pain dissolve EFFER dose
75, Zantac mucus and (with some Hematologic: in 6 to 8 oz of water
EFFERdose bicarbonate oral reversible before taking.
production, creating a products) granulocytopenia and  Caution patient to
protective coating on thrombocytopenia avoid driving and
Generic Name: gastric mucos  History of Hepatic: hepatitis other hazardous
ranitidine acute Skin: rash activities until he
hydrochloride porphyria Other: pain at I.M. knows how drug
injection site, burning affects concentration
Dosage: or itching at I.V. site, and alertness.
150mg or 10 ml hypersensitivity  Tell patient smoking
reaction may decrease drug
Route: effects.
PO  As appropriate,
review all other
Frequency: BID significant and life-
threatening adverse
reactions and
interactions,
especially those
related to the drugs,
tests, herbs, and
behaviors mentioned
above.

References:
Villamaria, Angela E.
BSN 4-4 MS-Clinical Form 014
 Ceftriaxone: Uses, Side Effects, Dosages, Precautions (verywehttps://www.verywellhealth.com/ceftriaxone-4847105llhealth.com)
 https://www.bing.com/search?
q=cefuroxime+side+effects&cvid=7ce3dfe77f9a404da89a75277cf6f5d1&aqs=edge.0.0l9j69i11004.5867j0j1&pglt=171&FORM=ANNAB1&PC=ASTS
 https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!
&&p=9196d457f2795054JmltdHM9MTY3NjkzNzYwMCZpZ3VpZD0wM2Y5MjFkMy0yN2MxLTZmNTQtMTgzNi0zMWIyMjZhZjZlMzImaW5zaWQ9NTQ2Ng&
ptn=3&hsh=3&fclid=03f921d3-27c1-6f54-1836-
31b226af6e32&psq=hydrocortisone+side+effects&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZHJ1Z3MuY29tL210bS9oeWRyb2NvcnRpc29uZS5odG1sIzp-
OnRleHQ9Q29tbW9uJTIwc2lkZSUyMGVmZmVjdHMlMjBvZiUyMGh5ZHJvY29ydGlzb25lJTIwbWF5JTIwaW5jbHVkZSUzQSUyMDEsZ2FpbiUzQiUyMDYlM
jBoZWFkYWNoZSUyQyUyMGRpenppbmVzcyUzQiUyMG9yJTIwNyUyMHRyb3VibGUlMjBzbGVlcGluZy4&ntb=1
 Epinephrine (Adrenaline): What It Is, Function, Deficiency & Side Effects (clevelanhttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22611-epinephrine-
adrenaline#:~:text=What%20are%20the%20side%20effects%20of%20epinephrine%20as,blood%20pressure.%207%20Nervousness.
%208%20Palpitations.%20More%20itemsdclinic.org)
 Side Effects of Atropine (Atropine), Warnihttps://www.rxlist.com/atropine-side-effects-drug-center.htmngs, Uses (rxlist.com)