Formulas

M =mass G=gravity Z= hight = 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝒎𝒈z

P.E =Potential energy M =mass G=gravity Z= hight = 𝑷.𝑬 = 𝒎𝒈𝒛
K.E=kinetic energy M= mass V=velocity= 𝑲. 𝑬 = 𝒎𝒗^2/2
F.E=flow energy P=pressure V=volume Internal energy= 𝑭. 𝑭 = 𝑷𝑽
∆U=internal energy M=mass C=constant ∆T=change in temperature =∆𝑼 = 𝒎𝒄∆𝑻
H=enthalpy F.E=flow energy U=internal energy = Enthalpy 𝑯 = 𝑭. 𝑬. + 𝑼
Pressure = Force/area 𝒑 = 𝑭 /𝑨 @ 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝑵 /𝒎𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝑷𝒂𝒔𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒔 10^3𝑃𝑎 = 1 𝑘𝑃𝑎 ,10 ^6𝑃𝑎 = 1 𝑀𝑝𝑎 ,10 ^5 𝑃𝑎 = 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟
P=pressure
V=volume
T=temperature
C=content
CONSTANT VOLUME LAW 𝒑 = 𝒄 𝑻 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑽 𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕
CHARLE’S LAW 𝑽 = 𝒄 𝑻 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒑 𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕
BOYLE'S LAW 𝒑 = 𝒄/ 𝑽 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑻 𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕
GENERAL GAS LAW 𝒑𝟏𝑽𝟏/ 𝑻𝟏 = 𝒑𝟐𝑽𝟐 /𝑻𝟐 = 𝒄
CHARACTERISTIC GAS LAW 𝑷𝑽 = 𝒎𝑹𝑻 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 = 𝑱/ 𝒌𝒈 𝑲
Since m/V is the density , it follows that 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒚 𝒑 = 𝑷 /𝑹𝑻
Since V/m is the specific volume 𝒗 = 𝑹𝑻 /𝑷
Gas Symbol Mm
Hydrogen H2 2
Oxygen o2 32
Carbon dioxide co2 44
Methane ch4 16
Nitrogen n2 28
Dry air 28.96

THE UNIVERSAL GAS LAW :

𝒑𝑽 = 𝒎𝑹𝒐𝑻 /𝑴𝒎
𝑹 = 𝑹𝒐 /𝑴𝒎
𝑹𝒐 = 𝟖𝟑𝟏𝟒.3
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITIES :
Constant Volume ∆𝑼 = 𝒎𝒄𝒗∆𝑻
Constant pressure ∆𝑯 = 𝒎𝒄𝒑∆𝑻
CONSTANT VOLUME HEATING 𝑸 = ∆𝑼 = 𝒎𝒄𝒗∆𝑻
CONSTANT PRESSURE HEATING ∆𝑯 = 𝑸 = 𝒎𝒄𝒑∆𝑻
LINK BETWEEN cv, cp AND R 𝒄𝒑 = 𝒄𝒗 + 𝑹
For Liquid 𝑸 = 𝒎𝒄 ∆𝑻
Latent enthalpy and latent internal energy
𝒉𝒈 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒉𝒇𝒈
𝑼𝒈 = 𝒖𝒇 + 𝒖𝒇g
𝒉 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈
𝒖 = 𝒖𝒇 + 𝒙𝒖𝒇𝒈

X = 0. If all the liquid is Evaporated then x = 1. X cannot be larger than 1 as this would mean the vapour is Superheated.
𝒗 = 𝒗𝒇 + 𝒙𝒗𝒇𝒈
𝑽 = 𝒎𝒙𝒗g