PROPOSAL ON CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION OF WATER

TREATMENT PLANT (500LPH RO PLANT)

INTRODUCTION

Water treatment is the process of removing all those substances, whether biological, chemical
or physical, that are potentially harmful to the water supply for human, domestic and industrial
use. This treatment helps to reproduce water that is safe, palatable, clear, colorless and
odorless.

BACKGROUND

Reverse osmosis removes contaminants from unfiltered water or feed water, when

pressure forces it through a semipermeable membrane. Water flows from the
more concentrated side (more contaminants) of the RO membrane to the less
concentrated side (fewer contaminants) to provide clean water. The fresh water
produced is called the  permeate. The concentrated water left over is called the waste
or brine water.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Integrated Hygiene System is continuously facing challenges in procurements of purified water

as costing continue to rise and there is no process at the moment that recovers rinse wastewater
for reuse in production. The rinse waste water has a negative impact on the holding capacity of
the wastewater receiving pond as there is leaching of soils and eutrophication.

JUSTIFICATION

 Environmentally, this research is extremely important and cannot be overstated

because it will aid in the effectiveness of treating industrial rinse wastewater at
Integrated Hygiene Systems, a detergent manufacturing company.

 As a result, non-toxic grade portable water, biodegradable sludge, and lower

water treatment costs will be produced which will reduce the risks of
environmental harm as well as safekeeping workers health.

 Economically, reusing wastewater after treatment can have positive effects in

several sectors. Furthermore, additional income from this method might aid in
defraying the operational and upkeep costs of water utilities.

 Onsite waste water treatment increases the capacity of a system, sometimes

eliminating the need for costly expansion and manual waste water treatment by
EMA.
  Production of RO water can also open a market for IHS in that purified water can
be sold to other companies in need.

ADVANTAGES OF USING RO WATER ON DETERGENT MANUFACTURING

 Spot-Free Rinse. Spot-free final rinse water quality

 Reduced Overflow Rate
 Eliminates Scale
 Reduces Chemical Usage
 Promotes the quality of products

Impurities that are removed by RO filtration technology include:

 Fluoride
 Lead
 Chlorine & Chlormamine
 Lead
 Pesticides
 Nitrates & Sulfates

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF RO WATER TREATMENT PLANT

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF INSTALLATION OF RO PLANT

Cost of 1000L RO water from Water for Life =$ 56 200 ~ USD 62.45 rate of 900

Monthly consumption of RO = 1500L (Mainly Teat Dip Production)

Monthly cost of procurement of 1500L RO water = 1.5 * USD 62.45

 = USD 93.68

Annual cost of procurement of RO water for Teat Dip only = 12 * USD 93.68
= USD 1 124.16

5 year Teat Dip production cost of RO water = $ USD 5 620.8

Amount of RO water than can be used for the following 1000L Products

PRODUCT AMOUNT OF RO NEEDED FOR

1000L BATCH
Power liquid Soap 850
HD67 800
Proklean 860
Stainless steel cleaner 860
All purpose cleaner 740
Sodium Hypochlorite 200
Pineklean 920
Bactisan 225
Pinegel 800
D3000 180
Alcosan 290
CIP acid 500

Monthly average amount of RO water that can be used for the above mentioned
products:
= 12 000L

Cost of 12 000L RO water /month = 12 * $USD 62.45

= $ USD 749.40

Cost of RO water per annum = 12 * $USD 749.40

= $ USD 8 992.80

Cost of installation of 500LPH RO plant (Nasmos Tech Quotation attached)

= $ USD 6 960.00

Conclusion

From the analysis and research done it was observed that installation of RO plant is cost
economic relative to buying RO water. Also paying particular attention to quality
control of the finished products when RO water is used they become submissively high.
OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

What is reverse osmosis?

A semipermeable membrane has small pores that block contaminants but allow water
molecules to flow through. In osmosis, water becomes more concentrated as it passes
through the membrane to obtain equilibrium on both sides. Reverse osmosis,
however, blocks contaminants from entering the less concentrated side of the membrane.
For example, when pressure is applied to a volume of saltwater during reverse osmosis,
the salt is left behind and only clean water flows through. 

How does a reverse osmosis system work?

A  reverse osmosis system removes sediment and chlorine from water with a prefilter
before it forces water through a semipermeable membrane to remove dissolved solids.
After water exits the RO membrane, it passes through a postfilter to polish the water
before it enters a dedicated faucet. Reverse osmosis systems have various stages
depending on their number of prefilters and postfilters. 

Stages of RO systems

The RO membrane is the focal point of a reverse osmosis system, but an RO system also
includes other types of filtration. RO systems are made up of 3, 4, or 5 stages of
filtration. 

Every reverse osmosis water system contains a sediment filter and a carbon filter in
addition to the RO membrane. The filters are called either prefilters or
postfilters depending on whether water passes through them before or after
it passes through the membrane.

Each type of system contains one or more of the following filters:

  Sediment filter: Reduces particles like dirt, dust, and rust
 Carbon filter: Reduces volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chlorine, and other
contaminants that give water a bad taste or odor
 Semi-permeable membrane: Removes up to 98% of total dissolved solids (TDS)

1. When water first enters an RO system, it goes through

prefiltration. Prefiltration typically includes a carbon filter and a sediment filter
to remove sediment and chlorine that could clog or damage the RO membrane.
2. Next, water goes through the reverse osmosis membrane where dissolved
particles, even too small to be seen with an electron microscope, are removed.
3. After filtration, water flows to the storage tank, where it is held until needed. A
reverse osmosis system continues to filter water until the storage tank is full and
then shuts off.
4. Once you turn on your drinking water faucet, water comes out of the storage tank
through another postfilter to polish drinking water before it gets to your faucet.

Reverse osmosis system benefits

A reverse osmosis system is one of the most extensive methods of filtration. It removes
98% of dissolved solids, which makes it healthier to drink. A water distiller is the only
other drinking water system that also reduces TDS, but it's less efficient than an RO
system. 

 Harmful dissolved contaminants reduced

 Sodium reduced 
 Bad tastes and odors reduced
 More environmentally friendly than bottled water
 Easy to install and maintain
 Fits under the kitchen sink

How long do reverse osmosis systems last?

Reverse osmosis systems usually last between 10 and 15 years. While the systems
themselves have a long lifespan, the RO membrane and filters need replacing
periodically. The prefilters and post filters should be changed every 6 months to 1 year.
Depending on your water conditions, the RO membrane should be replaced every 2-4
years.