DATE: EXPERIMENT NO: 01 TENSILE TEST nee + To determine the parentage elongation and reduction jy AIM OF THE EXPERIMEN’ i i i tensile test. cross-sectional area of the given mild steel specimen subjected to COMPONENTS REQUIRED: Mild steel specimens, Measuring tape, Vernier caliper, marking punch, Hammer. PRECAUTIONS: © All the instruction of operating Universal Testing Machine (UTM) should be followed strictly. * Proper coordination should be maintained for operating and mounting the sp on the UTM. cimen THEORY: The engineering tension test is widely used to provide basic design information on the Strength of materials and as an acceptance test for the specification of materials, In the tension test’ a specimen is subjected to a continually increasing uniaxial tensile force while simultaneous observations are made of the elongation of the specimen. An engineering stress- strain curve is constructed from the load-elongation measurements. The stress used in this stress-strain curve is the average longitudinal stress in the tensile specimen. It is obtained by dividing the load by the original area of the cross section of the specimen. Where P = Applied Load, Ao = original cross-sectional area of the specimen. The strain used for the engineering stress-strain curve is the average linear strain, Which is obtained by dividing the elongation of the gage length of the specimen, 8, by its original length. . peels SS Lf aio) < ome I Where L- = Original (Initial) length of the specimen in mm i L,= Final length of the specimen in mm t ‘Don Bosco College of Engineering, Fatorda-Goa Page 8 Lab Manual V1/20 (Engineering Materials Science and Metallurgy ME360)The shape and magnitude of the stress-strain curve of a metal will depend on its composition, heat treatment, Prior history of plastic deformation, and the strain rate, temperature, and state of stress imposed during the testing. The parameters which are used to describe the stress strain curve of a metal are the tensile strength, yield strength or yield point, percentage elongation, and reduction in area, modulus of elasticity. The fii strength parameters; the last two indicate ductility. rst two are The percentage elongation is the ratio of the increase in the length of the gage section of the specimen to its original length, expressed in percentage Lf - Li 0 ion = x % eleongation = ~—— x 100 Where Lo = Original (Initial) length of the specimen in mm Lf= Final length of the specimen in mm ‘The percentage reduction of area is the ratio of the decrease in the cross sectional area of the tensile specimen after fracture to the original area, expressed in percentage Ao — Af Ao Where Ay = Original (Initial) cross-sectional area of the specimen % reduction in area = X 100 Ar = Final cross sectional area of the specimen DIAGRAM:Driven rss ayy cit fed |] TT crosshead | [See Wi 6 Weighing | we Th Weighing system Gear Transmission ~ Universal Testing Machine PROCEDURE: as 2. Take a structural steel rod of diameter 20mm. length Im. With a pencil mark midpoint of this tod, mark a dot of 2.5d where d = diameter of rod, so 2.5d= 2.5 X 20 = 50mm on both sides of the mid-point. . Further mark a dot of Sd ie. 5X100 = 100mm from both sides of the last ‘marking. This distance should be continued further on both sides such that it covers both sides of the rod from its midpoint. The pencil marking should be dot punched with dot Punch and hammer. Mark one end of rod with 15em (down) with chalk and other 10cm. 5. Before mounting the rod align the gauge needle and scale selected, The seale adjuster hhas to be operated only when both control valves are open, 6. Lower down the cross head by pressing the button so it is down enough to mount the rod. Mount the 15em marked area inside the cross head this has to be done by leaving a jerk with the wheel and holding it in that position, tighten the locking lever. ‘Thereafter raise the cross head and as the other end i.e. 10cm mount area goes inside Prt Don Bosco College of Engineering, Fatorda-Goa Page 10 _ tab Manual V1/20 (Engineering Materials Science and Metallurgy ME360)Weighing cross head (stationary) ~ PROCEDURE: Specimen Universal Testing Machine ~ Driven cross beg Specimenvydraulic pump with the button provided on the panel. OBSERVATIONS: SI.No. Force Length in mm Diameter in mm % % KN Elongation | Reduction Initial2) Percentage reduction in area Ao- Af 00 % reduction in area = —G-—— X1 4 : n Where Ao = Original (Initial) cross-sectional area of the specime! A;= Final cross sectional area of the specimen c F RESULT: CONCLUSION: QUESTIONAIRE: 1. Define Stress and Strain with respect to a material? 1 2. State the Hook’s Law. 3. What are the different types of testing that can be carried out on universal testing , machine? 4. What all values can be determined by tensile test of a material? 1 °- Area under the stress — strain curve will give the value of which Property of the , material? Engineering, Fatorda-coy ineering Materials Science aPage No. ne He) zy Jo _fe14.0- d Sh ed ow : - 7 Q wel hea) (Ey i L.Clesife , wo WS) 18%. 65] 27.44 16.1 | 10.48 =| S35 | 14-4) 224.39) mete Pia. s wt Led) Jos = 8 Tees Poors (5 = (ow 2 8S