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Module 4: Drug Addiction and other Health
Related Problems
Topic 1: Understanding Drug Use and Addiction
Drug Facts
o They may mistakenly think that those who
use drugs lack moral principles or willpower
and that they could stop their drug use
simply by choosing to. In reality, drug
addiction is a complex disease, and quitting
usually takes more than good intentions or
a strong will.
o Drugs change the brain in ways that make
quitting hard
What Is drug addiction?
 Addiction
a chronic disease characterized by drug
seeking and use that is compulsive, or
difficult to control, despite harmful
consequences.
 initial decision to take drugs is voluntary for
most people, but repeated drug use can
lead to brain changes that challenge an
addicted person’s self-control and interfere
with their ability to resist intense urges to
take drugs.
 These brain changes can be persistent,
which is why drug addiction is considered a
"relapsing" disease—people in recovery
from drug use disorders are at increased risk
for returning to drug use even after years of
not taking the drug.
It's common for a person to relapse, but relapse
doesn't mean that treatment doesn’t work. As with
other chronic health conditions, treatment should be
ongoing and should be adjusted based on how the
patient responds. Treatment plans need to be
reviewed often and modified to fit the patient’s
changing needs.
What happens to the brain when a person
takes drugs?
 Most drugs affect the brain's "reward
circuit," causing euphoria as well as
flooding it with the chemical
messenger dopamine.
 A properly functioning reward system
motivates a person to repeat
behaviors needed to thrive, such as
eating and spending time with loved
ones. Surges of dopamine in the
reward circuit cause the reinforcement
of pleasurable but unhealthy
behaviors like taking drugs, leading
people to repeat the behavior again
and again.
 As a person continues to use drugs,
the brain adapts by reducing the
ability of cells in the reward circuit to
respond to it. This reduces the high
that the person feels compared to the
high they felt when first taking the
drug—an effect known as tolerance.
 They might take more of the drug to
try and achieve the same high. These
brain adaptations often lead to the
person becoming less and less able to
derive pleasure from other things they
once enjoyed, like food, sex, or social
activities.
Long-term use also causes changes in other
brain chemical systems and circuits as well,
affecting functions that include:
 learning
 judgment
 decision-making
 stress
 memory
 behavior
Despite being aware of these harmful
outcomes, many people who use drugs
continue to take them, which is the nature of
addiction.
Why do some people become addicted to
drugs while others don't?
 No one factor can predict if a person will
become addicted to drugs. A combination of
factors influences risk for addiction. The more
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risk factors a person has, the greater the chance
that taking drugs can lead to addiction.
 Biology. The genes that people are
born with account for about half of a
person's risk for addiction. Gender,
ethnicity, and the presence of other
mental disorders may also influence
risk for drug use and addiction.
 Environment. A person’s environment
includes many different influences,
from family and friends to economic
status and general quality of life.
Factors such as peer pressure, physical
and sexual abuse, early exposure to
drugs, stress, and parental guidance
can greatly affect a person’s likelihood
of drug use and addiction.
 Development. Genetic and
environmental factors interact with
critical developmental stages in a
person’s life to affect addiction risk.
Although taking drugs at any age can
lead to addiction, the earlier that drug
use begins, the more likely it will
progress to addiction. This is
particularly problematic for teens.
Because areas in their brains that
control decision-making, judgment,
and self-control are still developing,
teens may be especially prone to risky
behaviors, including trying drugs.
Can drug addiction be cured or prevented?
 As with most other chronic diseases,
such as diabetes, asthma, or heart
disease, treatment for drug addiction
generally isn’t a cure. However,
addiction is treatable and can be
successfully managed. People who are
recovering from an addiction will be at
risk for relapse for years and possibly
for their whole lives. Research shows
that combining addiction treatment
medicines with behavioral therapy
ensures the best chance of success for
most patients. Treatment approaches
tailored to each patient’s drug use
patterns and any co-occurring medical,
mental, and social problems can lead
to continued recovery.
Topic 2: Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165 June 7, 2002
 AN ACT INSTITUTING THE
COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT
OF 2002, REPEALING REPUBLIC ACT NO.
6425,
 OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE DANGEROUS
DRUGS ACT OF 1972, AS AMENDED,
PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the Philippines in
Congress
 Section 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be
known and cited as the "Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002".
Topic 3: About HIV
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
 a virus that attacks the body’s immune
system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead
to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome)
There is currently no effective cure. Once
people get HIV, they have it for life.
● But with proper medical care, HIV
can be controlled. People with HIV who get
effective
HIV treatment can live long, healthy lives
and protect their partners.
Where did HIV come from?
● HIV infection in humans came from
a type of chimpanzee in Central Africa.
● The chimpanzee version of the
virus (called simian immunodeficiency
virus, or SIV) was probably passed to
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humans when humans hunted these
chimpanzees for meat and came in contact
with their infected blood.
●Studies show that HIV may have jumped
from chimpanzees to humans as far back
as the late 1800s.
●Over decades, HIV slowly spread across
Africa and later into other parts of the
world. We know that the virus has existed
in the United States since at least the mid
to late 1970s.
How do I know if I have HIV?
The only way to know for sure whether you have HIV
is to get tested. Knowing your HIV status helps you
make healthy decisions to prevent getting or
transmitting HIV.
Are there symptoms?
Some people have flu-like symptoms within 2 to 4
weeks after infection (called acuteHIV infection).
These symptoms may last for a few days or several
weeks. Possible symptoms include
● Fever,
● Chills,
● Rash,
● Night sweats,
● Muscle aches,
● Sore throat,
● Fatigue,
● Swollen lymph nodes, and
● Mouth ulcers.
But some people may not feel sick during acute HIV
infection. These symptoms don’t mean you have
HIV. Other illnesses can cause these same
symptoms.
See a health care provider if you have these
symptoms and think you may have been exposed to
HIV. Getting tested for HIV is the only way to know
for sure.
What are the stages of HIV?
When people with HIV don’t get treatment, they
typically progress through three stages. But HIV
medicine can slow or prevent progression of the
disease. With the advancements in treatment,
progression to Stage 3 is less common today than in
the early days of HIV.
Stage 1: Acute HIV Infection
●People have a large amount of HIV in their blood.
They are very contagious.
●Some people have flu-like symptoms. This is the
body’s natural response to infection.
●But some people may not feel sick right away or at
all.
●If you have flu-like symptoms and think you may
have been exposed to HIV, seek medical care and ask
for a test to diagnose acute infection.
●Only antigen/antibody tests or nucleic acid tests
(NATs) can diagnose acute infection.
Stage 2: Chronic HIV Infection
●This stage is also called asymptomatic HIV infection
or clinical latency.
●HIV is still active but reproduces at very low levels.
●People may not have any symptoms or get sick
during this phase.
●Without taking HIV medicine, this period may last a
decade or longer, but some may progress faster.
●People can transmit HIV in this phase.
●At the end of this phase, the amount of HIV in the
blood (called viralload) goes up and the CD4 cell
count goes down. The person may have symptoms
as the virus levels increase in the body, and the
person moves into Stage 3.
●People who take HIV medicine as prescribed may
never move into Stage 3.
Stage 3: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)
● The most severe phase of HIV infection.
●People with AIDS have such badly damaged
immune systems that they get an increasing number
of severe illnesses, called opportunistic infections.
●People receive an AIDS diagnosis when their CD4
cell count drops below 200 cells/mm, or if they
develop certain opportunistic infections.
●People with AIDS can have a high viral load and be
very infectious.
●Without treatment, people with AIDS typically
survive about three years.
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Topic 4: What is Mental Health?
Mental health
 our emotional, psychological, and social
well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and
act. It also helps determine how we handle
stress, relate to others, and make choices.
Mental health is important at every stage of
life, from childhood and adolescence
through adulthood.
Over the course of your life, if you experience
mental health problems, you’re thinking, mood, and
behavior could be affected. Many factors contribute
to mental health problems, including:
✔Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry
✔Life experiences, such as trauma or abuse
✔Family history of mental health problems
✔Mental health problems are common but help is
available. People with mental health problems can
get better and many recovers completely.
Early Warning Signs
Not sure if you or someone you know is living with
mental health problems? Experiencing one or more
of the following feelings or behaviors can be an early
warning sign of a problem:
✔Eating or sleeping too much or too little
✔Pulling away from people and usual activities
✔Having low or no energy
✔Feeling numb or like nothing matters
✔Having unexplained aches and pains
✔Feeling helpless or hopeless
✔Smoking, drinking, or using drugs more than usual
✔Feeling unusually confused, forgetful, on edge,
angry, upset, worried, or scared
✔Yelling or fighting with family and friends
✔Experiencing severe mood swings that cause
problems in relationships
✔Having persistent thoughts and memories you
can't get out of your head
✔Hearing voices or believing things that are not true
✔Thinking of harming yourself or others
✔Inability to perform daily tasks like taking care of
your kids or getting to work or school
Mental Health and Wellness
Positive mental health allows people to:
✔ Realize their full potential
✔ Cope with the stresses of life
✔ Work productively
✔ Make meaningful contributions to their
communities Ways to maintain positive mental
health include:
✔ Getting professional help if you need it
✔ Connecting with others
✔ Staying positive
✔ Getting physically active
✔ Helping others
✔ Getting enough sleep
✔ Developing coping skills
Topic 5: Breaking the Stigma
The passage of Republic Act 10136, otherwise
known as the “Mental Health Act”, aims to break the
stigma around mental illness. However, are the
provisions contained in this Act sufficient to break
the stigma? To answer this question, below is an
overview of the relevant provisions of the Mental
Health Act.
 Section 2 of the Mental Health Act states
that “The State affirms the basic right of all
Filipinos to mental health as well as the
fundamental rights of people who require
mental health services.” The Act recognizes
the “right to mental health” as a basic right
of every Filipinos. To secure this right, the
Act intends to develop and establish a
national mental health care system, to
integrate mental health care in the basic
health services, and to integrate strategies
in promoting mental health in educational
institutions, workplace and in communities.
 Interestingly, the Act recognizes not only the
rights of service users but also the rights of their
family members, caregivers and legal
representative as well as those of the mental
health professionals. The Act even requires that
“informed consent” be acquired before
undergoing therapy of treatment. This
requirement is congruent with the “presumption
of possession of legal capacity” provided for
under this Act in favor of service users, persons
with disabilities, and minors.
However, it must be borne in mind that
“informed consent” is not required during
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psychiatric or neurologic emergencies, or when active cooperation of the stakeholders, we are

there is impairment or temporary loss of decision- inclined to believe that the Act is sufficient.
making capacity on the part of a service user However, one must not forget that no law will have
pursuant to the conditions provided under the Act. real effect without a proper implementation.
One of the important aspects of the Act is
its objective to provide mental health services down Please visit this url to explore about the
to the barangay level. In line thereto, all regional, Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic
provincial, and tertiary hospitals, including private Act 11036 – otherwise known as The Mental
hospitals, are mandated to provide psychiatric, Health Act…
psychosocial, and neurologic services provided
under the Act. On the other hand, all public and
private educational institutions are required to have
a complement of mental health professionals.
Within the workplace, employers are encouraged to
develop and implement appropriate policies and
programs on mental health to raise awareness,
correct the stigma and discrimination, provide
support, and facilitate access to treatment and
psychosocial support.
To achieve the policy and objectives of the
Act, the duties and responsibilities of government
agencies namely the Department of Health,
Commission on Human Rights, Department of
Education, Commission on Human Rights, Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority,
Department of Labor and Employment, the Civil
Service Commission,
Department of Social Welfare and Developments,
and Local Government Units are set out in the
Act.
The provisions of this Act are likewise made
available to persons who avail of the voluntary
submission provision and persons charged under
Republic Act 9165 (“Comprehensive Dangerous
Drugs Act of 2002”), who after undergoing
examination, are found to have mental health
conditions.
As a final note, violations of the
provisions of the Act such as but not limited to
failure to secure informed consent, violation of
confidentiality, among others, shall be punished
by imprisonment of not less than six (6) months, but
not more than two (2) years, or a fine of not less
than ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00), but not more
than Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00), or
both. If committed by an alien, he/she shall be
immediately deported after service of sentence.
So, will the Act be sufficient to break the
stigma around mental illness? With effective
implementation of the Act in conjunction with the
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Module 5: DRRM AWARENESS AND
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION RA 10121
AMIDST THE PANDEMIC
Topic 1: Public Awareness and Public
Education for Disaster Risk Reduction
"PAPE"
Why is it important?
Risk communication must be clear and
simple
 to communicate risks effectively with
populations, communities, families and
individuals is essential for everyone to
be better prepared when disaster and
crisis hit.
 This is a challenging task, as normally
people don’t want to hear about
“dangerous things”.
 Some are afraid of even thinking about
the possibility of an earthquake, a
tropical cyclone, floods, landslides,
tsunamis or even the most common
household hazards, such as fire, hitting
their homes.
 Climate science is warning us and as we
are seeing with our own eyes, hazards
are on the rise in both frequency and
intensity with increasing impacts on
livelihoods and well-being. It is our
duty to support people to understand
the risks, and their important role in
protecting themselves and being more
resilient.
 Every organization and government
engaged in disaster risk reduction
awareness must plan and communicate
harmonized messages – a key element
to avoid confusion. As a consequence,
we increase people’s confidence in
acting to make themselves safer. It
starts with one individual, a family,
neighbours, the whole community, a
city, a country and even the whole
region.
Consistent messages on risks is vital
for credibility
 We should never forget a basic lesson
of communication: a message will only
turn into real action if it’s clearly
understood and believed by the people
who receive it.
What is PAPE about?
 The Red Cross and Red Crescent
National Societies have a long tradition
and experience in educating
communities on disaster risks and
increasing safety and resilience.
 Building on this valuable experience and
aiming to increase the impact of public
education and public awareness efforts
for disaster risk reduction,
 IFRC designed the PAPE GUIDE + KEY
MESSAGES.
The process
The PAPE Guide elaboration started with a
comprehensive revision of 300 documents and
websites following by interviews with more
than 50 worldwide staff and volunteers from
National Societies, IFRC regional and reference
centers to collect their practices and learnings.
 As a result, it was identified the need to
develop PAPE KEY MESSAGES which
was done through a comprehensive
validation, consensus building and
expert feedback process. More than 17
authoritative sources were consulted
followed by a global workshop with an
interdisciplinary group coming from 23
National Societies and partners to filter
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and validate the first set of key
messages.
This draft was then submitted to 27 subject
matter experts and 14 interested organizations
for their final revision.
Who should use PAPE?
 Everyone working to create a culture of
safety and resilience within families,
communities and larger populations.
As part of our mission is to improve the lives of
vulnerable people by mobilizing the power of
humanity, providing lifesaving information is a
crucial element of our work. Beyond helping
people understand hazard risks, we must
support people to act. It is not enough to make
people just aware of the risks.
SAFETY AND RESILIENCE DEPENDS ON
INFORMATION THAT TURNS INTO REAL
ACTION.
Therefore, we invite communities,
governments, local and international
organizations and partners to engage on this
important global effort of harmonizing DRR key
messages that can save more lives and protect
livelihoods.
WHY now?
The wider adoption of PAPE KEY MESSAGES
contributes the Post-2015 frameworks and
other important initiatives, such as:
● The IFRC Framework for Community
Resilience, including the recommendation of
increasing communication and public
information efforts
● The One Billion Coalition for Resilience
that focuses on building individual, household
and community resilience through risk
awareness
● Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction 2015-2030 which emphasizes the
importance to promote successful disaster risk
communication actions
● Comprehensive School Safety
Framework aimed at reducing risks from all
hazards to the education sector.
● World Wide Initiative for Safe Schools is
a government-led global partnership for
advancing safe schools’ implementation at the
national level.
● The Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) where risk communication and
education play an important role
● World Humanitarian Summit (WHS)
2016 and one of its main themes: reducing
vulnerability and managing risk
Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
FUNCTIONS:
✔ Formulate and implement a
comprehensive and integrated LDRRMP in
accordance with the national, regional and
provincial framework, and policies on disaster
risk reduction in close coordination with the
local development councils.(LDCs)
✔ Prepare and submit to the Sangguniang
Bayan of Maria Aurora, Aurora through the
LDRRMC and the LDC the annual LDRRMO Plan
and Budget, the proposed programming of the
LDRRMF, other dedicated disaster risk reduction
and management resources, and other regular
funding source/s and budgetary support of the
LDRRMO/BDRRMC.
✔ Develop, strengthen and operationalize
mechanisms for partnership or networking with
the private sector, CSOs an volunteer groups.
✔ Serve as the secretariat and executive
arm of the LDRRMC;
✔ Recommend through the LDRRMC the
enactment of local ordinances consistent with
the requirements of R.A 10121.
✔ Implement policies, approved plans and
programs of the LDRRMC consistent with the
policies and guidelines laid down in R.A 10121.
✔ Prepare and submit, through the
LDRMC and the LDC, the report on the
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utilization of the LDRRMF and other dedicated

disaster risk reduction and management
resources to the local Commission on
Audit(COA) , copy furnished the Regional
Director of the Officeof Civil Defense and the
Local Government Operacions Officer of the
DILG. Topic 2: Republic Act No. 10121
✔ Establish a Municipal/Barangay Disaster  REPUBLIC ACT No. 10121
AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINE
Risk Reduction and Managements Operations
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
Center; MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, PROVIDING FOR THE
✔ Design program and coordinate risk NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
reduction and management activities consistent MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND
INSTITUTIONALIZING THE NATIONAL
with the National Council’s standards and DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
guidelines. MANAGEMENT PLAN, APPROPRIATING FUNDS
✔ Give early warning to the most THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
vulnerable sectord ( women, children, senior
citizens, and PWD)to respond to their needs;
✔ Respond to and manage the adverse
effects of emergency and carry out recovery
activities to the most vulnerable areas
especially to the vulnerable sectors(women,
children,senior citizens, and PWDs)
✔ Perform other duties and functions as
may be provided for by laws or ordinances.
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Module 6: Environmental Awareness and
Protection in the New Normal
Topic 1: Republic Act No. 9512
 December 12, 2008
 AN ACT TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL
AWARENESS THROUGH
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
 Be it enacted by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the Philippines in
Congress assembled:
 Section 1. Title. – This Act shall be
known as the “National Environmental
Awareness and Education Act of 2008“.
Topic 2: Other Major Environmental Laws
A. REPUBLIC ACT 9003 ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000 In partnership with
stakeholders, the law aims to adopt a systematic,
comprehensive and ecological solid waste
management program that shall ensure the
protection of public health and environment. The
law ensures proper segregation, collection, storage,
treatment and disposal of solid waste through the
formulation and adaptation of best eco-waste
products.
For the complete provisions,
visit
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2001/01/26/rep
ublic-act-no-9003-s-2001/.
B. REPUBLIC ACT 9275 PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER
ACT OF 2004
The law aims to protect the country's water bodies
from pollution from land-based sources (industries
and commercial establishments, agriculture and
community/household activities). It provides for
comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent
and minimize pollution through a multi-sectoral and
participatory approach involving all the stakeholders.
For the complete provisions,
visit
https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/R
A-9275.pdf.
C. REPUBLIC ACT 8749 PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF
1999
The law aims to achieve and maintain clean air that
meets the National Air Quality guideline values for
criteria pollutants, throughout the Philippines, while
minimizing the possible associated impacts to the
economy.
For the complete provisions, visit
https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1999/ra_874
9_1999.html.
D. REPUBLIC ACT 6969 TOXIC SUBSTANCES,
HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTE CONTROL ACT
OF 1990
The law aims to regulate restrict or prohibit the
importation, manufacture, processing, sale,
distribution, use and disposal of chemical substances
and mixtures the present unreasonable risk to
human health. It likewise prohibits the entry, even in
transit, of hazardous and nuclear wastes and their
disposal into the Philippine territorial limits for
whatever purpose; and to provide advancement and
facilitate research and studies on toxic chemicals.
For the complete provisions, visit
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1990/10/26/rep
ublic-act-no-6969/.
E. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1586 ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS) STATEMENT OF 1978
The Environment Impact Assessment System was
formally established in 1978 with the enactment of
Presidential Decree no. 1586 to facilitate the
attainment and maintenance of rational and orderly
balance between socio-economic development and
environmental protection. EIA is a planning and
management tool that will help government,
decision makers, the proponents and the affected
 NSTP
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community address the negative consequences or
risks on the environment. The process assures
implementation of environment-friendly projects.
For the complete provisions, visit
http://pepp.emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2016/
06/PD-1586-Environmental-Impact-Statemen t-
System-of-1982.pdf.
Module 7: Self-Awareness, Values Re-Orientation
and Understanding the Self: Leading to a Better
Normal
Topic 1: What Is Self-Awareness and Why Is It
Important?
Self-Awareness – Definitions
 the ability to see yourself clearly and
objectively through reflection and
introspection.
 Anyone who is dedicated to self-
improvement, personal development or
the higher goal of spiritual growth needs to
actively seek to understand oneself. This is
because only when one understands
where one lacks, can he or she focus their
efforts on what to improve
Definition of self-awareness:
 Self-awareness is the capacity that a
person has to introspect.
 It includes gaining an understanding of and
insight into one’s strengths, qualities,
weaknesses, defects, ideas, thoughts,
beliefs, ideals, responses, reactions,
attitude, emotions and motivations.
 Thus introspection also includes assessing
how one is perceived by others and
 How others are impacted based on one’s
behaviour, responses and conduct.
Psychologists often break self-awareness down
into two different types, either public or
private.
1. Public Self-Awareness
 emerges when people are aware of
how they appear to others
 often emerges in situations when
people are at the centre of attention,
such as when giving a presentation or
talking to a group of friends.
 often compels people to adhere to
social norms
 When we are aware that we are being
watched and evaluated, we often try
to behave in ways that are socially
acceptable and desirable. In short we
display our best behaviour, which may
not be reflective of our true
personality
 can also lead to ‘evaluation anxiety’ in
which people become distressed,
anxious, or worried about how they
are perceived by others.
3. Private Self-Awareness
 happens when people become aware
of some aspects of themselves, but
only in a private way.
 For example, seeing your face in the
mirror is a type of private self-
awareness. Feeling your stomach
lurch when you realize you forgot to
study for an important test or feeling
your heart flutter when you see
someone you are attracted to are also
good examples of private self-
awareness.
o As we practice becoming more
aware of ourselves and how we
are perceived by others, we learn
many more shades of our
characteristics to a minute level.
Hence, we are in a better position
to overcome our personality
defects and understand where
our strengths lie
How to increase self-awareness – by observing
oneself
 To understand our personality, we need to
understand the nature of our mind.
The mind is made up of two parts:
1. The Conscious mind
2. The Sub-conscious mind
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Sub-conscious mind - is vast and the impressions o If someone has experienced pain due to
that are buried deep inside are not easy to uncover our actions, it is mostly due to some
and analyse. personality defect in us that is causing our
o In fact, through such situations in action to impact others adversely.
one’s day-to-day life, one’s mind,
by reacting negatively to How to increase self-awareness – Observing
situations and events opens up a someone else’s mistake and then introspecting
window and gives one a vignette
into its nature. If one is alert and o Our dreams can also tell us about
objective in one’s outlook, one ourselves
can follow the pathway through o Sometimes stronger impressions in our
the window that the mind opens subconscious mind surface in our dreams
up. to the extent that we are able to
o However, ever so often during remember the dream and even learn about
the day one’s mind erupts and our mind.
reacts to some events and
situations negatively. As a result,
one feels a certain amount of
restlessness and emotions such
as insecurity, fear or anger. Most
of us plod on through our daily
lives not taking a moment to
pause and introspect as to why
we experienced that emotion in
the first place.
Metacognition
o having awareness and understanding of
one’s own thought processes
o one begins to gain greater self-awareness
as to how one’s mind works and how it
responds to various stimuli.
o type of self-development pertains to
becoming conscious of one’s own body and
mental state of being including thoughts,
actions, ideas, feelings and interactions
with others.
o the first step in overcoming negative
emotions and reactions.

“A person generally responds negatively to

situations and events due to impressions of
personality defects in the sub-conscious mind.”

How to increase self-awareness – Someone

providing us with feedback or telling our mistake

o When other people give us some feedback

however stern it may be, it provides us
with a clue as to how we are perceived by
others.
NSTP
notes