Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10

7TH Edition:
Problem (10-29)
Reconsider Prob. 10-27. Now, it is proposed that the liquid water coming out of the separator be used as
the heat source in a binary cycle with isobutane as the working fluid. Geothermal liquid water leaves the
heat exchanger at 90°C while isobutane enters the turbine at 3.25 MPa and 145°C and leaves at 80°C
and 400 kPa. Isobutane is condensed in an air-cooled condenser and then pumped to the heat exchanger
pressure. Assuming an isentropic efficiency of 90 % for the pump, determine (a) the mass flow rate of
isobutane in the binary cycle, (b) the net power outputs of both the flashing and the binary sections of the
plant, and (c) the thermal efficiencies of the binary cycle and the combined plant. The properties of
isobutane may be obtained from EES. Answers: (a) 105.5 kg/s, (b) 15.4 MW, 6.14 MW, (c) 12.2 %, 10.6
%

Where problem (10-27) is:

The schematic of a single-flash geothermal power plant with state numbers is given in Fig. P10-27.
Geothermal resource exists as saturated liquid at 230°C. The geothermal liquid is withdrawn from the
production well at a rate of 230 kg/s and is flashed to a pressure of 500 kPa by an essentially isenthalpic
flashing process where the resulting vapor is separated from the liquid in a separator and directed to the
turbine. The steam leaves the turbine at 10 kPa with a moisture content of 10 % and enters the
condenser where it is condensed and routed to a reinjection well along with the liquid coming off the
separator. Determine (a) the mass flow rate of steam through the turbine, (b) the isentropic efficiency of
the turbine, (c) the power output of the turbine, and id) the thermal efficiency of the plant (the ratio of the
turbine work output to the energy of the geothermal fluid relative to standard ambient conditions).
Answers: (a) 38.2 kg/s, (b) 0.686, (c) 15.4 MW, id) 7.6 %
Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10

Solution
Properties Table for problem 29
Using EES, state points properties are identified, and question is solved.
"State 1"
T_1=230
P_1=p_sat(Water,T=T_1)
h_1=enthalpy(Water,T=T_1,x=0)
m_1=230 [kg/s]
"State 2"
T_2=temperature(Water,P=P_2,h=h_1)
P_2=500 [kPa]
h_1=h_2
"State 3"
m_1=m_6+m_3
m_3=38.2 [kg/s]
T_3=temperature(Water,P=P_3,x=1)
P_3=P_2
h_3=enthalpy(Water,T=T_3,x=1)
"State 4"
P_4=10[kPa]
X_4=0.9
T_4=temperature(Water,P=P_4,x=0.9)
h_4=enthalpy(Water,P=P_4,x=0.9)
"State 5"
P_5=10[kPa]
X_5=0
T_5=temperature(Water,P=P_5,x=0)
h_5=enthalpy(Water,P=P_5,x=0)
"State 6"
eta_P=0.9
P_6=P_3
T_6=temperature(Water,P=P_6,x=0)
h_6=enthalpy(Water,T=T_6,x=0)
"State 7"
T_7=90[C]
h_7=enthalpy(Water,T=T_7,x=0)
P_7=pressure(Water,T=T_7,x=0)
"State 8"
T_8=145[C]
P_8=3250[kPa]
h_8=enthalpy(Isobutane,T=T_8,P=P_8)
"State 9"
T_9=80[C]
P_9=400[kPa]
h_9=enthalpy(Isobutane,T=T_9,P=P_9)
"State 10"
P_10=P_9
X_10=0
T_10=temperature(Isobutane,P=P_10,x=x_10)
h_10=enthalpy(Isobutane,T=T_10,x=x_10)
v_10=volume(Isobutane,T=T_10,x=X_10)
w_Pump=v_10*(P_11-P_10)/eta_P "eta_P=ideal/actual"
"State 11"
P_11=P_8
Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10

h_11=h_10+w_Pump

{Solution}

m_6*(h_6-h_7)=(h_8-h_11)*m_iso "applying energy balance at the heat exchanger to get mass of

isobutane as the working fluid of the second cycle"

{Worki output}

W_T1=m_3*(h_3-h_4)
W_net1=w_T1
W_T2=m_iso*(h_8-h_9)
W_net2=W_T2-(W_pump*m_iso)
Below screen shot shows the solution
Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10

Problem (10-41)
A steam power plant operates on the reheat Rankine cycle. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at
12.5 MPa and 550°C at a rate of 7.7 kg/s and leaves at 2 MPa. Steam is then reheated at constant
pressure to 450°C before it expands in the low-pressure turbine. The isentropic efficiencies of the turbine
and the pump are 85 % and 90 %, respectively. Steam leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid. If the
moisture content of the steam at the exit of the turbine is not to exceed 5 %, determine (a) the condenser

pressure, (b) the net power output, and (c) the thermal efficiency. Answers-. (a) 9.73 kPa, (b) 10.2 MW,
(c) 36.9 %

Question is solved using EES, properties are identified at each state point and the condenser pressure,
power output and efficiency is evaluated.
EES Code:
"State 3"
m[3]=7.7 [kg/s]
P[3]=12500 [kPa]
T[3]=550[C]
h[3]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[3],T=t[3])
s[3]=entropy(Water,P=p[3],T=t[3])
"State 4"
m[3]=m[4]
P[4]=2000 [kPa]
ss[4]=s[3]
hs[4]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[4],s=ss[4])
eta_t=(h[3]-h[4])/(h[3]-hs[4])
"State 5"
m[5]=m[4]
P[5]=P[4]
T[5]=450[C]
h[5]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[5],T=t[5])
s[5]=entropy(Water,P=p[5],T=t[5])
"State 6"
eta_t=.85
eta_p=.9
X[1]=0
X[6]=.95
s[5]=ss[6]
hs[6]=enthalpy(Water,s=ss[6],P=P[6])
eta_t=(h[5]-h[6])/(h[5]-hs[6])
h[6]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[6],x=x[6])
"State 1"
P[1]=P[6]
T[1]=temperature(Water,x=x[1],P=p[1])
h[1]=enthalpy(Water,x=x[1],P=p[1])
v[1]=volume(Water,x=x[1],P=p[1])
"State 2"
P[2]=P[3]
w_pump=v[1]*(P[2]-P[1])/eta_p
h[2]=h[1]+W_pump

{Solution}
Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10

Q_in=m[3]*(h[3]-h[2])+m[3]*(h[5]-h[4])
Q_out=m[3]*(h[6]-h[1])
W_out=Q_in-Q_out
eta_thermal=(W_out/Q_in)*100

property table,

Answers
Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10

Problem (10-52)
A steam power plant operates on an ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with two open feedwater heaters.
Steam enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 600°C and exhausts to the condenser at 5 kPa. Steam is
extracted from the turbine at 0.6 and 0.2 MPa. Water leaves both feedwater heaters as a saturated liquid.
The mass flow rate of steam through the boiler is 22 kg/s. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram and

determine (a) the net power output of the power plant and (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Answers:
(a) 30.5 MW, (b) 47.1%

Question is solved using EES, properties are identified at each state point and the condenser pressure,
power output and efficiency is evaluated.

Plant schematics and T-s Diagram for the cycle

EES Code used for this problem:

"State 1"
P[1]=10000[kPa]
T[1]=600[C]
h[1]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[1],T=t[1])
m[1]=22[kg/s]
s[1]=entropy(Water,P=p[1],T=t[1])
"State 2"
p[2]=600[kPa]
s[2]=s[1]
h[2]=enthalpy(Steam,P=p[2],s=s[2])
"State 3"
s[3]=s[2]
h[3]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[3],s=s[3])
p[3]=200[kPa]
"State 4"
s[4]=s[3]
Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10

h[4]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[4],s=s[4])
p[4]=5[kPa]
"State 5"
X[5]=0
P[5]=P[4]
h[5]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[5],x=x[5])
v[5]=volume(Water,P=p[5],x=x[5])
w_pump1=v[5]*(p[6]-p[5])
"State 6"
P[6]=P[3]
h[6]=w_Pump1+h[5]
"State 7"
P[7]=P[3]
X[7]=0
h[7]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[7],x=x[7])
v[7]=volume(Water,P=p[7],x=x[7])
w_pump2=v[5]*(p[8]-p[7])
"State 8"
P[8]=P[2]
h[8]=w_Pump2+h[7]
"State 9"
P[9]=P[2]
X[9]=0
h[9]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[9],x=x[9])
v[9]=volume(Water,P=p[9],x=x[9])
w_pump3=v[9]*(p[10]-p[9])
"State 10"
p[10]=p[1]
h[10]=w_Pump3+h[9]
"Applying energy & mass balance at the FWH1 & FWH2"
m[1]=m[2]+m[3]+m[4]
m[4]=m[5]
m[5]=m[6]
m[7]=m[6]+m[3]
m[7]*h[7]=m[6]*h[6]+m[3]*h[3]
m[7]=m[8]
m[9]=m[8]+m[2]
m[9]*h[9]=m[8]*h[8]+m[2]*h[2]
m[9]=m[10]
Y=(m[1]-m[2])/m[1]
Z=(m[1]-m[2]-m[3])/m[1]

"Solving for power output and efficiency"

eta_thermal=W_net/Q_in
Q_in=(h[1]-h[10])*m[1]
W_out=W_1+W_2+W_3
W_1=(h[1]-h[2])*m[1]
W_2=(h[2]-h[3])*m[1]*Y
W_3=(h[3]-h[4])*m[1]*Z
W_in=W_p1+W_p2+W_p3
W_p1=w_pump1*m[5]
W_p2=w_pump2*m[7]
W_p3=w_pump3*m[9]
W_net=W_out-W_in
"Specific Entropy for plotting"
s[5]=entropy(Water,P=p[5],h=h[5])
Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10

s[6]=entropy(Water,P=p[6],h=h[6])
s[7]=entropy(Water,P=p[7],h=h[7])
s[8]=entropy(Water,P=p[8],h=h[8])
s[9]=entropy(Water,P=p[9],h=h[9])
s[10]=entropy(Water,P=p[10],h=h[10])
"Temperatures dor plotting"
T[2]=temperature(Water,P=p[2],h=h[2])
T[3]=temperature(Water,P=p[3],h=h[3])
T[4]=temperature(Water,P=p[4],h=h[4])
T[5]=temperature(Water,P=p[5],h=h[5])
T[6]=temperature(Water,P=p[6],h=h[6])
T[7]=temperature(Water,P=p[7],h=h[7])
T[8]=temperature(Water,P=p[8],h=h[8])
T[9]=temperature(Water,P=p[9],h=h[9])
T[10]=temperature(Water,P=p[10],h=h[10])

Solution table and answers form EES

Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10

Problem (10-69)
The schematic of a single-flash geothermal power plant with state numbers is given in Fig. PI0-69.
Geothermal resource exists as saturated liquid at 230°C. The geothermal liquid is withdrawn from the
production well at a rate of 230 kg/s and is flashed to a pressure of 500 kPa by an essentially isenthalpic
flashing process where the resulting vapor is separated from the liquid in a separator and is directed to
the turbine. The steam leaves the turbine at 10 kPa with a moisture content of 5 % and enters the
condenser where it is condensed; it is routed to a reinjection well along with the liquid coming off the
separator. Determine (a) the power output of the turbine and the thermal efficiency of the plant, (b) the
exergy of the geothermal liquid at the exit of the flash chamber, and the exergy destructions and the
second law (exergetic) efficiencies for (c) the flash chamber, (d ) the turbine, and (e) the entire plant .
Answers. - (a) 10.8 MW, 0.053, (b) 17.3 MW, (c) 5.1 MW, 0.898, (d) 10.9 MW, 0.500, (e) 39.0 MW, 0.218

Question is solved using EES, properties are identified at each state point and the condenser pressure,
power output and efficiency is evaluated.
EES Code used for this problem:
"State 1"
T[1]=230[C]
X[1]=0
P[1]=pressure(Water,T=t[1],x=x[1])
h[1]=enthalpy(Water,T=t[1],x=x[1])
s[1]=entropy(Water,T=t[1],x=x[1])
"State 2"
m[1]=m[2]
m[2]=230[kg/s]
P[2]=500[kPa]
h[2]=h[1]
T[2]=temperature(Water,P=p[2],h=h[2])
X[2]=quality(Water,P=p[2],h=h[2])
s[2]=entropy(Water,P=p[2],h=h[2])
"State 3"
m[2]=m[3]+m[6]
P[3]=P[2]
m[3]=X[2]*m[2]
X[3]=1
h[3]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[3],x=x[3])
T[3]=temperature(Water,P=p[3],h=h[3])
s[3]=entropy(Water,P=p[3],h=h[3])
"State 4"
m[4]=m[3]
X[4]=.95
P[4]=10
h[4]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[4],x=x[4])
T[4]=temperature(Water,P=p[4],h=h[4])
s[4]=entropy(Water,P=p[4],h=h[4])
Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10

"State 5"
m[5]=m[4]
P[5]=P[4]
X[5]=0
h[5]=enthalpy(Water,P=P[5],x=x[5])
T[5]=temperature(Water,P=p[5],h=h[5])
s[5]=entropy(Water,P=p[5],h=h[5])
"State 6"
P[6]=500
X[6]=0
h[6]=enthalpy(Water,P=P[6],x=x[6])
T[6]=temperature(Water,P=p[6],h=h[6])
s[6]=entropy(Water,P=p[6],h=h[6])
"Reference State"
T[0]=25[C]
P[0]=101.3[kPa]
h[0]=enthalpy(Water,P=P[0],T=t[0])
s[0]=entropy(Water,P=P[0],T=t[0])

{Solution}
eta_thermal=(W_T/W_in)*100
W_in=(h[1]-h[0])*m[1]
W_T=(h[3]-h[4])*m[3]

"Specific exregy at each state point"

ex[1]=(h[1]-h[0])-(T[0]+273.15)*(s[1]-s[0])
ex[2]=(h[2]-h[0])-(T[0]+273.15)*(s[2]-s[0])
ex[3]=(h[3]-h[0])-(T[0]+273.15)*(s[3]-s[0])
ex[4]=(h[4]-h[0])-(T[0]+273.15)*(s[4]-s[0])
ex[5]=(h[5]-h[0])-(T[0]+273.15)*(s[5]-s[0])
ex[6]=(h[6]-h[0])-(T[0]+273.15)*(s[6]-s[0])

X_dot_geo=m[6]*ex[6]

"Exergy destruction calculation and exergy efficiency"

X_dot_destFC=m[1]*(ex[1]-ex[2])

eta_exFC=ex[2]/ex[1]

X_dot_destTurbine=m[3]*(ex[3]-ex[4])-(W_T)
eta_exTurbine=W_T/(m[3]*(ex[3]-ex[4]))

X_dot_Plant=m[1]*ex[1]

X_dot_destPlant=X_dot_Plant-W_t

eta_exPlant=1-(X_dot_destPlant)/(X_dot_Plant)

Property Table and Solution

Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10
Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10

Problem (10-83)
Consider a combined gas-steam power plant that has a net power output of 450 MW. The pressure ratio
of the gas-turbine cycle is 14. Air enters the compressor at 300 K and the turbine at 1400 K. The
combustion gases leaving the gas turbine are used to heat the steam at 8 MPa to 400°C in a heat
exchanger. The combustion gases leave the heat exchanger at 460 K. An open feedwater heater
incorporated with the steam cycle operates at a pressure of 0.6 MPa. The condenser pressure is 20 kPa.
Assuming all the compression and expansion processes to be isentropic, determine (a) the mass flow
rate ration of air to steam, (b) the required rate of heat input in the combustion chamber, and (c) thermal
efficiency of the combined cycle.

Plant schematics

Question is solved using EES, properties are identified at each state point and the condenser pressure,
power output and efficiency is evaluated.
"State 1"
P[1]=20
X[1]=0
h[1]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[1],x=x[1])
v[1]=volume(Water,P=p[1],x=x[1])
w_P1=v[1]*(P[2]-P[1])
"State 2"
P[2]=P[6]
h[2]=h[1]+w_P1
"State 3"
Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10

P[3]=P[6]
X[3]=0
h[3]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[3],x=x[3])
v[3]=volume(Water,P=p[3],x=x[3])
w_P2=v[3]*(P[4]-P[3])
"State 4"
P[4]=P[5]
h[4]=h[3]+w_P2
"State 5"
T[5]=400[C]
P[5]=8000[kPa]
h[5]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[5],T=t[5])
s[5]=entropy(Water,P=p[5],T=t[5])
"State 6"
P[6]=600[kPa]
s[6]=s[5]
h[6]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[6],s=s[6])
"State 7"
P[7]=P[1]
s[7]=s[5]
h[7]=enthalpy(Water,P=p[7],s=s[7])
"State 8"
T[8]=27[C]
h[8]=enthalpy(Air,T=T[8])
P[8]=101.3[kPa]
s[8]=entropy(Air,T=t[8],P=p[8])
"State 9"
P[9]/P[8]=k
s[9]=s[8]
T[9]=temperature(Air,s=s[9],P=p[9])
h[9]=enthalpy(Air,T=t[9])
"State 10"
T[10]=1400-273
h[10]=enthalpy(Air,T=T[10])
P[10]=P[9]
s[10]=entropy(Air,T=t[10],P=p[10])
"State 11"
P[10]/P[11]=k
s[10]=s[11]
T[11]=temperature(Air,s=s[11],P=p[11])
h[11]=enthalpy(Air,T=t[11])
"State 12"
T[12]=460-273
h[12]=enthalpy(Air,T=T[12])
"Gevin"
W_Net=450000[kW]
k=14
"Applying energy balance on the heat exchanger to get the mass ratio (air to steam)"
m_ratio=(h[5]-h[4])/(h[11]-h[12])
"applying energy balance on the first FWH"
{m3h3=m2h2+m6h6}
h[3]=(1-y)*(h[2])+(y)*(h[6])
"Power Calculations"
W_nets=W_ts-W_p
W_p=(W_p1)*(1-y)+(W_p2)
W_ts=(h[5]-h[6])+(h[6]-h[7])*(1-y)
Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10

W_netg=W_tg-W_c
W_tg=h[10]-h[11]
W_c=h[9]-h[8]
W_netsmall=W_netg+W_nets*(1/m_ratio)
m_air=W_net/W_netsmall
Q_in=m_air*(h[10]-h[9])
eta_plant=(W_net/Q_in)*100

Properties table and solution

Power Plant Thermodynamics Assignment 10