Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Types of Meaning
Types of Meaning
202220256
Magister English program 2023
Contrastive features:
English : “cougar” = A big cat, long tail, wildlife (-rabbit)
Indo : “ayah” = laki-laki, pemimpin sebuah keluarga, (-mama)
Mandailing : “udak” = adik ayah laki-laki, (- nanguda)
2. Connotative meaning
English : Group = clique, gang, club
Indo : “besar kepala” = sombong, congkak
Mandailing : “margondang ” = pesta adat
3. Stylistic meaning
English : Intelligent (formal) , Smart (informal)
Indo : Pintar (formal) , Pande (slang)
Mandailing : Pistar, malo (pintar, pandai)
4. Affective Meaning
English : Some of students are starving.
Indo : kelas yang menyeramkan
Mandailing : natabo ma panganon non (makanan yang enak)
5. Reflective Meaning
English : My friend found well .
Well has two sense : adjective (good), hole contains water
Indo : kasihan kucing malang ini, ia terlihat kurus
Malang : bernasib burik, kota provinsi jawa timur
Mandailing : umak ; ibu (mandailing) umak ; paman (jawa)
6. Collocative Meaning
English : The audience gives a round of applause for the music : give the
appreciation, proud
Indo : Ibu membuat Es batu : potongan air yang membeku
Mandailing : ulos na jegges : cantik, bagus, baik
7. Thematic Meaning
English : 1. Mrs. Han promoted the product 2. The product was promoted
by Mrs. Han
in the sentence 1 “who endorsed the product” is more important/
needed. The question for the answer will be : who endorsed the
product?
2. Homonym
a. Homograph
English : Blue (fealing depressed(adjective) or the color(noun))
Indo : semi (musim) semi (sebagian)
Mandailing : Loja (capek ) Loja (tidak suka)
b. Homophone
c. English : knows (tahu) Nose (hidung).
d. Indo : rock (genre lagu) rok (pakaian wanita )
e. Mandailing : kuskus (wangi) kuskus(mengukus)
3. Synonmy
English : ban = forbid
Indo : cermat = teliti
Mandailing : jeges = jogi
4. Antonym
English : wide x narrows
Indo : menarik x membosankan
Mandailing : mancit (sakit) x malum(sembuh)
5. Meronym
English : furniture = table, chair, cupboard
Indo : dapur = kompor, spatula, panic, wajan, gas
Mandailing : hau (pohon) = bulung,(batang), bulung holang(daun)
6. Polysemy
English : Foot
Human foot
The foot of bed
The foot of hill/mountain
Indo : Langit
Langit pagi ini sedikit gelap (menandakan akan turunnya hujan)
Dokter gigi menyuruhku membuka mulut lebar-lebar sampai ia
bisa melihat langit-langit mulutku (bagian atas mulut)
Mandailing : Malo
Malo adong panganon di sadun, panggil au dah (malo = kalau)
Halak lai malo hia mar
7. Metaphor
English : His smile is my sunshine ( his smile makes me happy, comfort)
Indo : ayah ibunya sangat menyayangi buah hatinya (buah hatinya
adalah anak kandungnya)
Mandailing : patobang hata (acara/upacara peminangan. Horja godang
(resepsi perkawinan dirumah mempelai pria dengan upacara adat yang terbesar
8. Syneedoche
English : She pays a new bag by plastic
(the term of platic used American people to mention card debit)
Indo : Indonesia berhasil memenangkan pertandingan catur internasional
(kata Indonesia mempunyai makna lebih dalam dan kompleks dan
pembaca meras menjadi bagian di dalamnya)
Mandailing : Horja godang ada dikampungnya ( horja godang menjelaskan
aka nada pesta adat besar dari pihak laki-laki
9. Simile
English : her heart is as a hard ad a rock
Indo : Dia makan seperti babi
Mandailing : ho pala bagak tarsongon bidadari
10. Ambiguity