EXCESSIVE OF FAT AND CARBS

Obese people consume excessive

calorie-dense diets high in fat
LACK OF VITAMIN D
and carbs along with low
One of the obese people's symptoms
consumption of different
is fatigue or pain ache in their bones
micronutrients, which is a minor
and muscle. It is due to the lack of
source of deficits.
vitamin D, as vitamin D is the one in
INSUFFICIENT IRON charge of maintaining bone tissue
The main link between obesity and iron and homeostasis of the minerals,
deficiency is low-grade systemic calcium, and phosphorus
inflammation. Vitamin D affects insulin sensitivity by
An increase in adipose tissue is associated promoting the expression of insulin
with changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine sensitivity genes. As a result, the
levels, which may lead to decreased number of insulin receptors increases
hepcidin release and decrease iron status in overall without changing their affinity.
people who are overweight or obese. Insufficient vitamin D also causes
Iron deficiency and anemia may cause increased fat mass.
1. Nath A, Shope TR, Koch TR. Should potential micronutrient deficiencies be evaluated when designing weight loss interventions for obese individuals? J Obes Weight-Loss Medic. 2015

fatigue and, as a result, a decrease in

Apr 01;01(01).
2. Mahan LK, Escott-Stump S. Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy.13th ed. WB Saunders Company; 2011.
3. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. Insulin. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington. 2015 Mar 18.
4. Ait Gacem S, Shahwan MJ. Vitamin D and obesity. Licensee IntechOpen. 2020 Feb 26.
5. Via M. The malnutrition of obesity: micronutrient deficiencies that promote diabetes. ISRN Endocrinol. 2012 Mar 15. doi: 10.5402/2012/103472.

physical activity, exacerbating weight gain.

6. Zakharova I, Klimov L, Kuryaninova V, Nikitina I, Malyavskaya S, Dolbnya S, et al. Vitamin D insufficiency in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Frontiers in Endocrinology.
2019 Mar 1.
7. Alshwaiyat NM, Ahmad A, Wan Hassan WMR, Al-Jamal HAN. Association between obesity and iron deficiency (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2021 Nov;22(5):1268. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10703.
8. Aigner E, Feldman A, Datz C. Obesity as an emerging risk factor for iron deficiency. Nutrients. 2014 Sep 11;6(9):3587-600. doi: 10.3390/nu6093587.
9. Soliman AT, De Sanctis V, Yassin M, Soliman N. Iron deficiency anemia and glucose metabolism. Acta Biomed. 2017 Apr 28;88(1):112-118. doi: 10.23750/abm.v88i1.6049.
 EXCESSIVE CARBS LACK OF VITAMIN D
When people with diabetes consume too many
Insufficient vitamin D have been found in the
carbs at a time, their blood sugar levels can rise
obese patient and people with diabetes
to dangerously high levels. the pancreas will not
(defined as <30 mg/dL). From recent research,
function and stop producing enough insulin that
the consumption of supplement D can affect
works to keep the blood sugars under control.
the development of type 2 diabetes.
This causes to the development of diabetes.

INSUFFICIENT IRON
Iron deficiency can disrupt glucose homeostasis affecting glycemic control and predisposing diabetes
patients to more significant problems.
Anemia appears to have a significant negative impact on the quality of life in diabetic patients and are
linked to disease progression and co-morbidities.
Even little reductions in hemoglobin (Hb) levels can identify patients at increased risk of developing
renal disease.
1. Nath A, Shope TR, Koch TR. Should potential micronutrient deficiencies be evaluated when designing weight loss interventions for obese individuals? J Obes Weight-Loss Medic. 2015 Apr 01;01(01).
2. Mahan LK, Escott-Stump S. Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy.13th ed. WB Saunders Company; 2011.
3. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. Insulin. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington. 2015 Mar 18.
4. Ait Gacem S, Shahwan MJ. Vitamin D and obesity. Licensee IntechOpen. 2020 Feb 26.
5. Via M. The malnutrition of obesity: micronutrient deficiencies that promote diabetes. ISRN Endocrinol. 2012 Mar 15. doi: 10.5402/2012/103472.
6. Zakharova I, Klimov L, Kuryaninova V, Nikitina I, Malyavskaya S, Dolbnya S, et al. Vitamin D insufficiency in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2019 Mar 1.
7. Alshwaiyat NM, Ahmad A, Wan Hassan WMR, Al-Jamal HAN. Association between obesity and iron deficiency (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2021 Nov;22(5):1268. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10703.
8. Aigner E, Feldman A, Datz C. Obesity as an emerging risk factor for iron deficiency. Nutrients. 2014 Sep 11;6(9):3587-600. doi: 10.3390/nu6093587.
9. Soliman AT, De Sanctis V, Yassin M, Soliman N. Iron deficiency anemia and glucose metabolism. Acta Biomed. 2017 Apr 28;88(1):112-118. doi: 10.23750/abm.v88i1.6049.
 CORONARY HEART DISEASE
THE RISE IN INSULIN
INCREASED INTAKE The rise in insulin production and
plasma concentration that comes
OF FAT 2 with the compensated phase of
Excessive calorie intake (fat, insulin insulin resistance seems to raise
resistance) impacts vascular the risk of atherogenesis.
inflammation
1 Brought on by higher levels of
circulating free fatty acids. LOW VITAMIN INTAKE
When type 2 diabetes develops, Thiamine > The buildup of lactate and
hyperglycemia has harmful effects on pyruvate cause high-output heart
disease.
the endothelium, which can further the
endothelium's inflammatory response.
3 Excessive homocysteine level >plays a
part in boosting HMG Co A reductase
activity, which stimulates cholesterol
synthesis.
1. Awuchi C, Igwe V, Amagwula I. Nutritional diseases and nutrient toxicities: a systematic review of the diets and nutrition for prevention and treatment. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research. 2020 Jan;6(1).
2. De Caterina R, Zampolli A, Del Turco S, Madonna R, Massaro M. Nutritional mechanisms that influence cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006 Jan;83(2):421S-426S.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/83.2.421S
3. Shils ME, Olsen JA, Shike M, Ross AC. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 11th ed. US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
4. .Klaus KA. Witte MB, Andrew L, Clark MA, John GF, Cleland MD. Chronic heart failure and micronutrients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2001;37(7).
5. 1.Ganguly P, Alam S. Role of homocysteine in the development of cardiovascular disease. Nutrition Journal. 2015;14(1). DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-14-6.
 CORONARY HEART DISEASE

LDL CHOLESTEROL SMOKING

Smoking causes platelet activation,
The relationship between the severity
which leads to thrombus
of coronary heart disease and the
development and the start of
percentage of daily calories from
myocardial infarction.
4
saturated fats, which has a strong
positive correlation with blood
5 It increases the amount of
unfavorable oxidized low-density
cholesterol levels.
lipoprotein and decreases the
Saturated fatty acids and dietary
amount of lipoprotein
cholesterol raise LDL cholesterol
Rise in fatty deposits (plaque) near
levels by lowering LDL receptor
the location of the artery injury.
activation..

1. Awuchi C, Igwe V, Amagwula I. Nutritional diseases and nutrient toxicities: a systematic review of the diets and nutrition for prevention and treatment. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research. 2020 Jan;6(1).
2. De Caterina R, Zampolli A, Del Turco S, Madonna R, Massaro M. Nutritional mechanisms that influence cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006 Jan;83(2):421S-426S.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/83.2.421S
3. Shils ME, Olsen JA, Shike M, Ross AC. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 11th ed. US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
4. .Klaus KA. Witte MB, Andrew L, Clark MA, John GF, Cleland MD. Chronic heart failure and micronutrients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2001;37(7).
5. Inoue T. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor of coronary artery disease and its effects on platelet function. Tobacco Induced Diseases. 2004;2(1). DOI: 10.1186/1617-9625-2-2.
1. Awuchi C, Igwe V, Amagwula I. Nutritional diseases and nutrient toxicities: a systematic review of the diets and nutrition for prevention and treatment. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research. 2020 Jan;6(1).
3. Shils ME, Olsen JA, Shike M, Ross AC. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 11th ed. US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.

CANCER
HIGH DIETARY FAT SULFORAPHANE
Found in some vegetables, particularly
1 INTAKE the cruciferous vegetables
Higher levels of insulin, estrogen, and 2 Stimulate the enzymes that detoxify
other hormones in circulation that go
carcinogens and have been shown in
along with the increased body fat are
animal studies to be protective
potential reasons for this effect.
against cancer

CONSUMING GRILLED
MEAT
C carcinogenic substances, like
3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and
heterocyclic amines, are produced
during high-temperature broiling and
grilling, particularly fatty muscle meats.
1. Awuchi C, Igwe V, Amagwula I. Nutritional diseases and nutrient toxicities: a systematic review of the diets and nutrition for prevention and treatment. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research. 2020 Jan;6(1).
3. Shils ME, Olsen JA, Shike M, Ross AC. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 11th ed. US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.

CANCER
VITAMIN E AND C, CAROTENOIDS
Fresh fruit and vegetables, can prevent stomach cancer by inhibiting the synthesis

5 of nitrosamine. The same things apply when consumed with nitrate-containing

foods (such as ham, frankfurters, luncheon meats, bacon, and sausages).
The body's antioxidant systems work with vitamins C and E, carotenoids like beta-
carotene, and selenium, a trace mineral, to help stop DNA damage from reactive
molecules called free radicals

VITAMIN A
6 When women's dietary intake of vitamin A was relatively low, vitamin A supplements at
the RDA level could help lower their risk of developing breast cancer. Folic acid, which is
present in several vitamins, may reduce the risk of large bowel cancer.