Answer: The

fluctuation of the torquemaximum

and bending moment allowable torque
are synchronized. is
The material hasM
T a=
a tensile
strength of 590MPa and a yield strength of 480MPa. The shaft has been designed with safe
1
factor of 1.5, reliability of 99.9%, operates at room temperature.
Determine the life of the component.
8/13. Exam 1 – Part 1 (Total Grade 35%)

r = 1.5 mm
Consider a cannon barrel made of AISI 4340 steel with a tensile strength of TS=1.23GPa, a yield
strength of YS=1.13GP, subjected to a repetitive fire that consists of a firing pressure of 260
An axle has a gro
MPa.
P P
A small symmetrical indentation in the barrel inside diameter produces the following stress
according to the fig
concentrations Klongitudinal=1.3 , Kradial=1.1 , Khoop=1.1
26 30 mm
The design safety factor for the component is 1.3 and for the dynamic stress concentration at a tensile loading P
the point of analysis consider a fillet radius of 1mm for the calculation of Kf.
Data: OD=0.21m wall thickness of the barrel =0.08m , operates at 400oC, surface finish is
ground
is 1450-01 with σ U
A q =and reliability is 99.9%. Consider atmospheric pressureofasnotches
zero and
and KKsize =0.88
σ = 140 MPa and
1 implies that the material is very sensitive to the presence f = Kt , while
Determine the following:
q = 0 implies that the materials is not sensitive to notches and Kf = 1. The notch sensitivity q
The maximum
was found to depend on stresses (at thecharacteristics
the materials ID), mean and amplitude
such
FL
(use stress
as on the ductility, concentration)
grain size, preferred
Use the
The data
S-N below
diagram for the stress concentration (H=D in the drawing).Use
orientation or texture and heat treatment. H. Neubers (Theory of Notch Stresses -1946) found a
the same notch
sensitivity for normal andsensitivity
shear stresses. Use modified Goodman atcriterium.
Determine the safety factor with respect to fatigu
For
and10
The Basquin’s
relationship
3
between
cycles,
Using
Peterseon
equation
the notch (use graph
to: use the value 0.87xTS.
Marin’s approach calculate
andprovided
the notch
correction
inradius
handout
factors
later for the stresss
modified by Moore, 1000cycles)
Hardrath

Life of the component using modified Goodman criterion

mean value and the amplitude of the loading stress 1
q=
1+
q
a
⇢

where a is the Neuber’s Constant that depend on the tensile strength of the material and ⇢ is the
Note: equations:
notchsubmit
Please radius.your
In steels with ain325M
answers PDF Pfile
a <inTthree
S < 1725M
pagesPmaximum.
a the Neuber’s constant is given by the F Mb
=4 ax=) b = 32 =
expression: ⇡d2 ⇡d3
The static stress concentration factors for these type
3 2
log a = 1.079 ⇥ 10 9 (T S) + 2.740 ⇥ 10 6 (T S) 10 3 (T S)
3.740 ⇥Petersen) + equation:
the 0.6404
of the stress concentration factor. Hence, the stress concentration factor needs to be deter- 1
Kt = 1 + q
where
mined T S is
for every the tensile
individual strength
type of geometricofdiscontinuity
the material in MPa
(grooves, andchange
notches, a is inof mm.
cross Other expressions for r
A t + 2B d r
1+
the Neuber’s
section, constant
etc.) and for are:type of stresses (axial, bending, torsion, transversewhere
each di↵erent shear).
A, B, C and z are constants given in the table b
p 8
a = 0.246 2.67 ⇥ 10 T S 3 + 1.51 ⇥ 10 5
T S2 3.08 ⇥ 10 3
T S for bending/axial loading
Groove
p 8 3 5 2 3
a = 0.190 2.67 ⇥ 10 T S + 1.35 ⇥ 10 TS 2.51 ⇥ 10 T S for torsion loading
tension bending torsion tensio
and a value of q = 0.2 is recommended for cast iron material. The two above
A
expressions
0.22
are
0.2 0.7 0.62
equations: represented graphically as follows:
B 1.37 2.75 10.3 3.5
F Mb T
ax = 4 2
=) b = 32 3 =) ⌧t = 16 3 C - - - -
⇡d ⇡d ⇡d
The static stress concentration factors for these types of discontinuities are given byz (after- - - -

Petersen) the equation: ⌧max,tor

max,b
Kt,b = =) Kt,tor =
nom,b 1 ⌧nom,tor
q that the stress concentration factor has been obtained for static
Kt = 1 t+indicates
where the subscript
r r 2 z d
A calculation
loading by either a theoretical t + 2B 1 + 2ofdr finite+element
usingd principles C rt analysis
D or determined

Page 8:10
where A, B, Cthe
and
experimentally under laboratory conditions and static loading, the subscripts b and tor refer to
z are
stress typesconstants given
of bending and in loading.
torsion the tableThe below:
nominal stresses are therefore reference Chapter 8
stresses that need to be properly defined for each of the discontinuity types. In general, nominal
net stresses are used that is they are obtained using the net cross section. So for the above
example the nominal stress for bending and torsion are:
Groove 32M
Shoulder Fillet
16T
nom,b = =) ⌧nom,tor =
⇡d3 ⇡d3
And alternative
where is the diameterapproach
d = D 2t to the calculation
measured of the
between the roots relationship
of the groove. between the Kt and Kf will be
tension bending torsion tension bending torsion
given
Inglis (1913below. It is
C.E. Inglis, clear in
“Stresses that 1 6Due
a Plate Kfto 6theK t and of
Presence that forand
Cracks mild notches
Sharp Corners,”Kf ⇡ Kt and for acute
Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, Vol. 55, London, K1913, pp. 219–230.) carried
A outnotches Kf < Kt . The notch support factor n = Kf has been calculated using three common
t
0.22
the 0.2 treatment
first mathematical 0.7of stress concentration
0.62 0.62
factors in an elliptical hole 3.4
on an
approaches, namely, stress averaging, stress gradient and highly stress volume.
infinite wide plate. The ellipse of long axis (2a) and short axis (2b) was subjected to a tensile
B stress in the direction
Stress
1.37 averaging:perpendicular
2.75 10.3to the longindicated,
As previously axis.
3.5 there is5.8
2
a limit for the 19
maximum stress value that
b
Thecan exist
radius in a notch.
of curvature at theTherefore, thewas
tip of the ellipse stress that control
calculated as ⇢ = the
and initiation of stress
the maximum a crack is not the maximum