v

Lists of Figures

FIGURE 2-1: ELEMENTS OF WORK SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK ......................................................... 17

FIGURE 2-2. PERFORMANCE ENGAGEMENT MODEL ................................................................. 19
FIGURE 2-3. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ON GAMIFICATION .................................................... 24
FIGURE 2-4. MODEL OF MOTIVATION IN GAMES ....................................................................... 27
FIGURE 2-5. TAXONOMY OF EMOTIONAL STATES ..................................................................... 28
FIGURE 2-6: ABSTRACTION LEVELS OF GAMIFICATION LADDER ............................................... 31
FIGURE 3-1: DATA STRUCTURE ................................................................................................ 41
FIGURE 4-1: RESEARCH MODEL ................................................................................................ 72
FIGURE 4-2: PATH ANALYSIS RESULTS - STANDARDIZED COEFFICIENTS .................................... 76
FIGURE 5-1: OVERALL CONCEPTUAL MODEL ........................................................................... 81
FIGURE 5-2. PREVIOUS TELEWORK EXPERIENCE OF THE PARTICIPANTS ................................... 89
FIGURE 5-3. CO-OCCUPANTS AT HOME ..................................................................................... 89
FIGURE 5-4. STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL ........................................................................... 92
FIGURE 5-5. INTERACTION EFFECT: HRD INTERVENTION AND TEAM AUTONOMY SUPPORT ON
NEED FOR RELATEDNESS .................................................................................................. 93
FIGURE 6-1: REVIEW PROCEDURE .......................................................................................... 102
FIGURE 6-2: THE CAUSAL-CHAIN FRAMEWORK ...................................................................... 109
FIGURE 7-1 ABSTRACTION LEVELS OF GAMIFICATION LADDER .............................................. 119
FIGURE 7-2. RESEARCH MODEL .............................................................................................. 123
FIGURE 7-3. STRUCTURAL MODEL .......................................................................................... 130
 vi

Lists of Tables

TABLE 1-1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDIES ...................................................................................... 3

TABLE 2-1: IS COMPETENCIES PRESENTED BY TARAFDAR AND GORDON(2004) ....................... 14
TABLE 2-2: IS COMPETENCIES PRESENTED BY PEPPARD AND WARD (2004) ............................. 16
TABLE 3-1: CHALLENGES EMERGING FROM TELEWORK ............................................................ 39
TABLE 3-2: STRATEGIES TO COUNTER THE CHALLENGES .......................................................... 40
TABLE 3-3: CODES FOR THEMES IN CHALLENGES MERGING FROM WORK-FROM-HOME ............ 49
TABLE 3-4: CODES FOR THEMES IN STRATEGIES TO COUNTER CHALLENGES ............................. 57
TABLE 3-5: EFFECT OF TELEWORK AS A TECHNOLOGICAL DISCONTINUITY ON THE COMPETENCY
AREAS DERIVED FROM THE WORK SYSTEM FRAMEWORK ................................................... 64

TABLE 4-1: CONSTRUCT VALIDITY MEASURES .......................................................................... 75

TABLE 5-1: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS ....................................................................................... 91
TABLE 5-2. CONSTRUCT VALIDITY MEASURES .......................................................................... 92
TABLE 5-3. MEDIATION EFFECTS .............................................................................................. 94
TABLE 6-1: THEORIES USED IN GAMIFICATION RESEARCH ...................................................... 106
TABLE 6-2: VARIABLE AND CONSTRUCTS EXPLORED IN GAMIFICATION RESEARCH ................ 111
TABLE 6-3: RELATION BETWEEN CONSTRUCTS AND THEORIES ............................................... 115
TABLE 7-1: DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESPONDENTS ................................... 127
TABLE 7-2: CRONBACH‟S ALPHA ............................................................................................ 128
TABLE 7-3: CONSTRUCT VALIDITY MEASURES ........................................................................ 128
TABLE 7-4. MEDIATION EFFECTS ............................................................................................ 130
 viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The most essential factors in writing a doctoral dissertation are dedication, discipline, and
guidance. One person alone cannot maintain these attributes and require aid from others for
the same. I want to thank everyone who has provided me with support and encouragement
throughout this process.

I want to thank my TAC chair, Prof. Sanjay Verma, who has provided me with constant
support and guidance, both professionally and personally, throughout my time in the PhD
program. I also want to extend my thanks to members of my thesis advisory committee, Prof.
Rekha Jain and Prof. Sunil Maheshwari. They have provided me with timely inputs and
advice at various stages in my dissertation. I want to thank all the faculty at IIM Ahmedabad
for providing an environment that promotes development through the distribution and
application of knowledge. As the IIMA motto says, „Vidya viniyogadvikasa‟.

I want to thank my parents, who are the primary source of my inspiration and have provided
me with moral support and motivation every day for as long as I can remember. My father is
a living example of discipline and dedication towards one‟s work. My mother represents
strength, patience, and perseverance. The values that I inherited from my parents have
allowed me to deal with any obstacle with a smile. I want to express my thanks and love to
my sister, Sakshi, who is always there to listen to me and has been a voice of reason all my
life. She is the ark that has kept me afloat in turbulent waters. I want to thank my wife,
Atima, who has provided me with the strength to carry on even in difficult times. She is a
source of inspiration for me. She has kept me on track when I have strayed, and I attribute the
timely completion of my thesis to her.

I want to express my gratitude to my friends and seniors, Sai and Vedant, who have been
close confidants and mentors. I want to thank my friends, Atul, Gyanesh, Punyashlok, Avijit,
Amogh, Omkar, Jannet, Abhinav, Karan, Rubaina, Suyog and Mayank, for providing me
with memories that I will cherish for life. I want to thank Bhavesh Bhai for being the source
of my sustenance throughout the late nights at IIMA. I want to thank the administration and
staff of IIMA, specially the PhD office, for their constant support.

I have been lucky to have wonderful people in my life and what I am is a combination of my
experiences with them, and for that, I thank my lucky stars.