OUR LADY OF FATIMA

UNIVERSITY – LAGUNA
CAMPUS
Week
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | 1ST
YEAR
2
and storage areas
LABORATORY SAFETY
 Continual practice of good laboratory
SAFETY STANDARDS AND AGENCIES technique
 OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Two primary causes of accidents:
Administration  Unsafe acts
 CLSI- Clinical and Laboratory Standards  Unsafe environmental conditions
Institute Safety Equipment
 CDC - Centers for Disease Control and  Safety showers and Eyewash stations
Prevention  Fire extinguishers
 CAP - College of American Pathologists  Fume Hoods
 TJC - The Joint Commission (Formerly  Biosafety Cabinets
Jcaho)  Complete PPE
BIOLOGICAL HAZARD
OSHA  These microorganisms are frequently
 Occupational Health and Safety present in the specimens received in the
Administration within the U.S. Department clinical laboratory.
of Labor to set levels of safety and health for  CDC - Universal Precautions (1987)
all workers in the United States.  Blood and body fluid precautions
CLSI should be consistently used for all
 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute patients.
- Nonprofits educational organization that  Specimens should be “capped” during
sets voluntary consensus standards for all centrifugation
areas of clinical laboratories
CDC
 Center for Disease Control and Prevention -
Federal agency that carries out mandated Any blood, body fluid, or other potentially
public health laws and reporting infectious material spill must be cleaned up
requirements. using:
 Spill cleanup kit
All Clinical Lab should have:  Common aqueous detergent
 Chemical Hygiene plan  10% bleach using appropriate
 Exposure control plan contact time
 Copy of MSDS
STEPS TO CLEAN BLOOD SPILL
Safety begins with the recognition of 1) Wear PPE
hazards and is achieved through the ff: 2) use forceps for discarding the broken glass
 Application of common sense on a sharps container
 Listen to the instructions 3) Cover with absorbent paper towels
 A safety-focused attitude 4) Flood area with 10% bleach solution
 Good personal behavior 5) Let sit for 10 min.
 Good housekeeping in all laboratory work 6) Clean up area with paper towels
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA
UNIVERSITY – LAGUNA
CAMPUS
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | 1ST
YEAR
7) Dispose in Biohazard bag
8) Repeat if necessary
OSHA Blood- Borne Pathogens
standard requires written
“Exposure Control Plan”
Categories of Exposure:
 Category I – daily exposure to blood
and body fluids
 Category II – regular exposure to blood
and body fluids
 Category III – no exposure to blood and
body fluids
 Employers must offer HBV vaccine to all
personnel (Category I and II)
BIOHAZARD SYMBOL
SOURCE - Handwashing, biohazardous waste
disposal, decontamination, Specimen Bagging.\
TRANSMISSION - Handwashing, PPE, Aerosol
prevention, Sterile/disposable equipment, Pest
Control.
HOST - Standard Precautions, Immunization,
Healthy lifestyle, Exposure Control Plan, Post-
exposure prophylaxis.
source
Host Transmissio
Week
2
CHEMICAL HAZARD
 Chemical spills: When skin contact occurs,
the best first aid is to flush the area with
large amounts of water for at least 20
seconds and then seek medical attention.
 Chemical Handling: Chemicals should
never be mixed together unless specific
instructions are followed, and they must be
added in the order specified.
 This is particularly important when
combining acid and water.
 Chemical Hygiene Plan: OSHA also
requires all facilities that use hazardous
chemicals to have a written chemical
hygiene plan (CHP) available to
employees.
The purpose of the plan is to detail the
following:
 Appropriate work practices,
Standard operating procedures,
PPE, Engineering controls, such as
fume hoods and flammable safety
cabinets, Employee training
equipment's and medical
consultation guidelines.
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA
UNIVERSITY – LAGUNA
CAMPUS
Week
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | 1ST
YEAR
2
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF CHEMICALS

Flammable/Combustible Chemicals
 Classified according to flash point
 The temperature at which sufficient vapor
is given off to form an ignitable mixture
with air.
Corrosive Chemicals
 Injurious to the skin or eyes by direct
contact or to the tissue of the respiratory
and gastrointestinal tracts if inhaled or
ingested
Reactive Chemicals
 Spontaneously explode or ignite or that
evolve heat or flammable or explosive gases
Carcinogenic Chemicals
 Can cause cancer
MSDS
 Product name and identification
 Hazardous ingredients
 Permissible exposure limit (PEL)
 Physical and chemical data
 Health hazard data and carcinogenic FIRE HAZARD
potential
 Primary routes of entry CLASS A FIRES
 Fire and explosion hazards  Ordinary Combustible, Wood, Paper, Cloth,
 Reactivity data and etc.
 Spill and disposal procedures Type of extinguisher that can be used:
 PPE recommendations  Pressured Water (For Class A only)
 Handling  Dry Chemical (For Class A,B And C)
 Emergency and first aid procedures CLASS B FIRES
 Storage and transportation precautions  Flammable, Liquid, Grease, Gasoline, Paints,
 Chemical manufacturer’s name, address, Oil, etc.
and telephone number Type of extinguisher that can be used:
 Special information section  Dry Chemical (For Class A,B And C)
NFPA LABELLING SYSTEM  Carbon Dioxide (For Class B And C)
 The National Fire Protection Association CLASS C FIRES
(NFPA) has developed the Standard System  Electrical Equipment Motor, Switches
for providing codes and standard Type of extinguisher that can be used:
information about the chemicals/solutions.  Carbon Dioxide (For Class B And C)
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA
UNIVERSITY – LAGUNA
CAMPUS
Week
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | 1ST
YEAR
2
 Halon discovered, all employees are expected to
 Dry Chemical (For Class A,B And C) take the actions in the acronym RACE
CLASS D FIRES  RESCUE
 Flammable, Metals, Magnesium  ALARM
Type of agent that can be used:  CONTAIN
 Metal X  EXTINGUISH
FIRE HOTLINE
PROCESS ON HOW TO USE FIRE  ANTIPOLO CENTRAL FIRE
EXTINGISHER STATION(Bureau of Fire Protection Office)
 871-2865
CLASS A-C FIRES  MAYAMOT SUB-STATION
 Pull Pin  250-0497
 Aim Nozzle ELECTRICAL HAZARD
 Squeeze Trigger
 Ungrounded or wet equipment;
 Sweep Nozzle
frayed cords.
CLASS D FIRES
 Electrical Safety
 Cover
 Lock-out or tag malfunctioning
Burning
electrical or mechanical equipment
material
until serviced.
with
 Know how to knock a shocked person loose
using a non-conductive material.
ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONARY PROCEDURES
 Use only explosion-proof equipment in
hazardous atmospheres.
 Be particularly careful when operating high-
voltage equipment, such as electrophoresis
apparatus.
 Check for frayed electrical cords.
 Promptly report any malfunctions or
equipment
 Do not work on “live” electrical equipment.
 Never operate electrical equipment with
extinguishing agent (scoop, sprinkle) wet hands.
FIRE/ EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS  Know the exact location of the electrical
 The Joint Commission on Accreditor of control panel for the electricity to your
Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) work area.
requires that all health-care Institutions RADIATION HAZARD
post Evacuation routes and detailed plans to  Equipment and radioisotopes
follow in the event of a fire.  Radiation Safety
 Laboratory personnel should be familiar  All areas where radioactive materials are
with these procedures. When a fire is used or stored must be posted with
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA
UNIVERSITY – LAGUNA
CAMPUS
Week
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | 1ST
YEAR
2
caution signs, and traffic in these areas incinerators
should be restricted to essential personnel SOLID CHEMICALS - landfill
only. RADIOACTIVE WASTE
 Radiation monitoring  Depends on the type of waste (soluble or
utilizes film badge or non-soluble), its level of radioactivity, and
survey meter. the radiotoxicity and half-life of the isotopes
 Maximum permissible involved
dose is 5000 mrem/year BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE
whole body.  All biological waste (EXCEPT URINE)
should be placed in appropriate containers
MECHANICAL HAZARDS labeled with biohazard symbol.
 URINE: may be discarded by pouring it into
CENTRIFUGES the lab sink.
 Must be balanced to distribute the load  The sink should be flashed also with water
equally. after the urine has been discarded.
 Never open the lid until the rotor has come  Decontaminate the sink by 1:5 or 1:10
to a complete stop . dilution of sodium hypochlorite (bleach
 Safety locks on equipment should never be solution).
rendered inoperable.  Incineration, inactivation, burial, chemical
GLASS BEADS disinfection, encapsulation in a solid matrix.
 Help eliminate bumping/boil over when INACTIVATION
liquids are heated  Heat sterilization (250 degree Celsius for 15
INFECTIOUS SHARPS minutes)
 Disposed in OSHA- approved containers  Ethylene Oxide (450-500 mg/L at 55-60
degree Celsius)
DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS  2% Glutaraldehyde
 10% hydrogen peroxide
4 BASIC WASTE DISPOSAL TECHNIQUE  5.25 hypochlorite (bleach)
 Flushing down the drain  10% (v/v with tap water) of common
 Incineration household bleach) - HBV (10 minutes),
 Landfill burial HIV (2 minutes)
 Recycling DONNING AND DOFFING OF GLOVES
CHEMICAL WASTE Donning – Paglagay ng Gloves
 Flush water-soluble substances down the Doffing – Pagtanggal ng Gloves
drain with large quantities of water.
 Strong acids and bases should be How to DON Gloves
neutralized before disposal 1. Remove one glove from the package and
 Foul smelling chemicals should never be inspect it to be sure no pinholes or tears are
disposed down the drain present.
FLAMMABLE SOLVENTS - collected in 2. If gloves are ambidextrous, they can be
approved containers worn on either hand. If not, align the glove's
FLAMMABLE MATERIAL - specially designed fingers and thumb with the proper hand
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA
UNIVERSITY – LAGUNA
CAMPUS
Week
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | 1ST
YEAR
2
before donning. to prevent recontamination.

3. Insert five fingers into the cuff and pull the EASIER STEPS IN HANDWASHING
cuff over the wrist.  Wetting hands
4. Check for a secure fit around the fingers and  Lathering hands and creating friction
palm. The cuff should fit snuggly around the  Cleaning between fingers
wrist.  Rinsing hands
How to DOFF Gloves  Drying hands
1. Grasp the outside edge of the glove near the  Turning off water
wrist.
2. Peel the glove away from the hand turning it
inside out. Hold it in the opposite gloved
hand.
3. Slide an ungloved finger under the wrist of
the remaining glove, being careful not to
touch the outside of the glove.
4. Peel the remaining glove off from the inside,
creating a "bag” containing both gloves and
then discard.
HAND WASHING
1. After completing lab work, and before
leaving the laboratory.
2. After removing gloves.
3. Before eating, drinking, applying makeup,
and changing contact lenses, and before and
after using the laboratory.
4. Before all activities involving hand contact
with mucous membranes or skin breaks.
5. Immediately after accidental skin contact
with blood, body fluids, or tissues.
PROPER HAND WASHING
 Wet hands with warm water.
 Apply anti-microbial soap.
 Rub to form a lather, create friction, and
loosen debris.
 Thoroughly clean between fingers,
including thumbs, under fingernails and
rings, and up to the wrist, for at least 20
seconds.
 Rinse hands in a downward position.
 Dry with a paper towel.
 Turn off faucets with a clean paper towel