“TYPES OF KNOT USAGE IN LIVESTOCK

PRODUCTION”

PTK 1223
KESIHATAN TERNAKAN 2

NAMA :HASNUL HATIM BIN TAJUDDIN

NO MATRIK :DM15100194
PENSYARAH : MUHAMAD FARID BIN ABDUL HAKIM LIM
TERM IN KNOT

I) BIGHT
A bight has two meanings in knotting. It can mean either any central part of a rope
(between the standing end and the working end) or an arc in a rope that is at least as wide as
a semicircle. In either case, a bight is a length of rope that does not cross itself. Knots that can
be tied without use of the working end are called knots on the bight.

II) ELBOW
An elbow refers to any two nearby crossings of a rope. An elbow is created when an
additional twist is made in a loop.

III) LOOP

In reference to knots, loop may refer to:

 One of the fundamental structures used to tie knots. Specifically, it is a U-form narrower
than a bight.
 A type of knot used to create a closed circle in a line.
A loop is one of the fundamental structures used to tie knots. It is a full circle formed
by passing the working end of a rope over itself. When the legs of a closed loop are crossed
to form a loop, the rope has taken a turn.
IV) STANDING PART
Section of line between knot and the standing end (seen above).

V) STANDING END
The standing end is the longer end of the rope not involved in the knot, often
shown as unfinished. It is often (but not always) the end of the rope under load
after the knot is complete. For example, when a clove hitch ties a boat to a pier,
the end going to the boat is the standing end.

VI) WORKING END

The active end of a line used in making the knot. May also be called the 'running
end', 'live end', or 'tag end'.
SQUARE KNOT/REEF KNOT

USAGE
The reef knot or square knot, is an ancient and simple binding knot used to secure a
rope or line around an object.
Although the reef knot is often seen used for tying two ropes together, it is not recommended
for this purpose because of the potential instability of the knot, and over-use has resulted in
many deaths.
Nevertheless, the Square (Reef) knot has many uses but not where safety is critical,
e.g., you can tie a sail cover over a sail; you can tie the string on a gift; and you can tie the
laces on your shoes (if they still come with laces). It is also one of the many knots used in
macrame. More importantly, the experience of tying a Square Knot teaches the fundamental
process of tying a Half Knot or Half Hitch.

HISTORY
The reef knot is at least 4,000 years old. The name "reef knot" dates from at least
1794and originates from its common use to reefsails, that is to tie part of the sail down to
decrease its effective surface area in strong winds. To release the knot a sailor could collapse
it with a pull of one hand; the sail's weight would make the collapsed knot come apart. It is
specifically this behavior which makes the knot unsafe for connecting two ropes together.
The name "square knot" is found in Dana's1841 maritime compendium A Seaman's Friend,
which also gives "reef knot" as an alternative name.

The name square knot is often used for the unslipped version of reef knot. Reef
knot itself then is understood as the single slipped version, while the name shoelace knot is to
indicate double slipped version. Sometimes the name bowtie also may be used to indicate a
double slipped version, but tying a bowtie is usually performed on flat material, and involves
a slip knot of one end holding a bight of the other end i.e. not really a double slipped reef
knot. The name "Square knot" is also used for completely different other knots such as the
mathematical concept of square knot, or friendship knot; this last one earns the name by
being flat and drawing a square on one face (and a cross on the other face).
BOWLINE KNOT

The bowline knot is an ancient and simple knot used to form a fixed loop at the end of
a rope. It has the virtues of being both easy to tie and untie; most notably, it is easy to untie
after being subjected to a load. The bowline is sometimes referred as King of the
knots because of its importance. It is one of the four basic maritime knots (the other three
are figure-eight knot, reef knot and clove hitch).
HISTORY
The bowline's name has an earlier meaning, dating to the age of sail. On a square-
rigged ship, a bowline (sometimes spelled as two words, bow line) is a rope that holds the
edge of a square sail towards the bow of the ship and into the wind, preventing it from
being taken aback.[4] A ship is said to be on a "taut bowline" when these lines are made as taut
as possible in order to sail close-hauled to the wind.
The bowline knot is thought to have been first mentioned in John Smith's 1691
work A Sea Grammar under the name Boling knot. Smith considered the knot to be strong
and secure, saying, "The Boling knot is also so firmly made and fastened by the bridles into
the cringles of the sails, they will break, or the sail split before it will slip." Another possible
finding was discovered on the rigging of the Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu's solar
ship during an excavation in 1954.
USAGE
The bowline is used to make a loop at one end of a line. It is tied with the
rope's working end also known as the "tail" or "end". The loop may pass around or through
an object during the making of the knot. The knot tightens when loaded at (pulled by) the
standing part of the line.
The bowline is commonly used in sailing small craft, for example to fasten
a halyard to the head of a sail or to tie a jib sheet to a clew of a jib. The bowline is well
known as a rescue knot for such purposes as rescuing people who might have fallen down a
hole, or off a cliff onto a ledge. They would put it around themselves and sit on the loop. This
makes it easy to heft them up away from danger. The Federal Aviation
Administration recommends the bowline knot for tying down light aircraft.
A rope with a bowline retains approximately 2/3 of its strength, with variances
depending upon the nature of the rope, as in practice the exact strength depends on a variety
of factors.In the United Kingdom, the knot is listed as part of the training objectives for the
Qualified Firefighter Assessment.

HALTER TIE KNOT

A halter (US) or headcollar (UK) is headgear that is used to lead or tie
up livestock and, occasionally, other animals; it fits behind the ears (behind the poll), and
around the muzzle. To handle the animal, usually a lead rope or lead shank is attached. On
smaller animals, such as dogs, a leash is attached to the halter.
HISTORY
Halters may be as old as the early domestication of animals, and their history is not as
well studied as that of the bridle or hackamore. The word "halter" derives from the Germanic
words meaning "that by which anything is held." 

USES
A halter is used to lead and tie up an animal. It is used on many different types of livestock.
Halters are most closely associated with Equidae such as horses, donkeys, and mules.
However, they are also used on farm animals such as cattle and goats and other working
animals such as camels, llamas, and yaks. Halters generally are not used on elephants or
on predators, though there are halters made for dogs.
Halters are often plain in design, used as working equipment on a daily basis. In
addition to the halter, a lead line, lead shank or lead rope is required to actually lead or tie the
animal. It is most often attached to the halter at a point under the jaw, or less often, at the
cheek, usually with a snap, but occasionally spliced directly onto the halter. A standard
working lead rope is approximately 9 to 12 feet (2.7 to 3.7 m) long.

GRANNY KNOT
The granny knot is a binding knot, used to secure a rope or line around an object. It is
considered inferior to the reef knot (square knot), which it superficially resembles. Neither of
these knots should be used as a bend knot for attaching two ropes together

Etymology
Called the "granny's knot" with references going back to at least 1867, the knot was
so-called because it is "the natural knot tied by women or landsmen". It has also been
suggested that rather than impugning the knot-tying skill of grandmothers, the name "granny"
may be a corruption of granary after its possible use tying the necks of grain sacks.
Tying
When attempting to tie a reef knot (square knot), it is easy to produce a granny knot
accidentally. This is dangerous because the granny knot can slip when heavily loaded. A
tightened granny knot can also jam and is often more difficult to untie than the reef knot. It is
better to tie a reef knot in nearly all circumstances. One way to distinguish them is that in the
reef knot each loop passes completely over, or completely under (not through) the neck of the
other.
The reef knot is commonly taught as left over right, tuck under then right over left, tuck
under. The granny knot is the first step repeated twice, left over right, tuck under. This is a
very common mistake made by people learning to tie a reef knot.

5 Way To Tie A Granny Knot

I) Hold the two ends of the line you wish to join, and hold one in each hand.
II) Loop the left end over the right, like a simple overhand knot.
III) Turn the ends toward each other, and loop the left end over the right as
before.
IV) Adjust the knot. The ends should be perpendicular to the load-bearing part
of the line.
V) Know what to use a granny knot for. Be aware that this knot is prone to
slipping open and should not be used in any situation requiring strength or
holding weight. It's good for teaching small children how to tie knots and
it's good for loose knots for playing games or temporarily holding craft or
other items in place before glue, staples or nails are put into place, etc. It
can also be used for tying together parcels, adding hair ribbons to hair,
tying on bandages and for shoelaces.
 TWO HALF HITCH
The two half-hitches is a type of knot, specifically a binding knot or hitch knot. It
consists of an overhand knot tied around a post, followed by a half-hitch. Equivalently, it
consists of a half-turn around a post followed by a clove hitch of the running end around the
standing part.
This knot is also sometimes referred to as a clove hitch over itself, or double half-hitch.
The following three-step process for tying the two half-hitches is also explained in the image
below.
1. Begin by forming a clockwise loop around the pole, with the working end of
the rope on top. Bring the working end through the loop. At this point, you have an
overhand knot around the pole.
2. Bring the working end down and to the left. Loop it under the standing end. Pull the
working end through the loop just formed, tighten, and slide the knot along the
standing end up to the post.
3. A correctly tied two half hitches resembles a clove hitch tied around the standing end
of the line, not a cow hitch.

Step
1. Pass the end of your rope around a post.
2. Bring the end under the standing part of the rope.
3. Bring the end up and pass it through the eye of the loop you just formed.
4. Pull it tight to complete a half hitch.
5. Take the end of the rope under the standing part (again).
6. Tie another half hitch.
7. Pull it tight.
8. Finished.

CLOVE HITCH KNOT

The clove hitch is a type of knot. Along with the bowline and the sheet bend, it is
often considered one of the most important knots and is commonly referred to as a Double
Hitch. A clove hitch is two successive half-hitches around an object. It is most effectively
used as a crossing knot. It can be used as a binding knot, but is not particularly secure in that
role. A clove hitch made around the rope's own standing part is known as either two half-
hitches or buntline hitch, depending on whether the turns of the clove hitch progress away
from or towards the hitched object.

Usage.
This knot is particularly useful where the length of the running end needs to be
adjustable, since feeding in rope from either direction will loosen the knot to be tightened at a
new position. With certain types of cord, the clove hitch can slip when loaded. In modern
climbing rope, the clove hitch will slip to a point, and then stop slipping. With smaller
diameter cords, after being heavily weighted it may become difficult to untie. It is also
unreliable when used on a square or rectangular post, rather than round.
The clove hitch is also commonly used in pioneering to start and finish a lashing such as the
traditional square lashing, tripod lashing, round lashing and sheer lashing.
1. Wrap the free end of a rope around a post.
2. Crossover itself and around the post again.
3. Slip working end under last wrap.
4. Pull tight.