 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY: GROUPED DATA

MEAN
Mean is also known as ARITHMETIC MEAN. To calculate mean,
summate all the observations and divide it by the total number of
observations.

Mean is denoted by 𝑋.

The arithmetic average may be defined as the sum or aggregate

of a series of items divided by their number.
MEAN FORMULA FOR GROUPED DATA-
∑𝑭𝑴
𝐗=
∑𝑭

Where X = ARITMETIC MEAN

∑FM = THE SUM OF PRODUCTS

∑F = SUM OF FREQUENCIES
MEDIAN
When N observations are grouped and arranged in the
sorting order(ascending or descending order) according to
their values, then the central value of the observation is
known as median.
It is denoted by M or Me.
𝑁
So, M= th value
2
i.e N= ∑f
MEDIAN FORMULA FOR GROUPED DATA:
𝐌−𝐂𝐅
M= 𝑳𝟏 + Xi
𝐅

WHERE,
M = median
L1 =lower limit of the median class
F = frequency of the median class
CF= cumulative frequency of the preceding to the median class
i = L2-L1(CLASS SIZE)
L2 = upper limit of the median class
MODE
 The value which appears most often in the given data that
is the observation with the highest frequency is called
a mode of data.
 For ungrouped data, we just need to identify the
observation which occurs maximum times.

Mode is the value of the variable for which the frequency

is maximum and it is denoted by Z or Mo

𝑭𝟎−𝑭𝟏
Mode or Z = 𝑳𝟏 + Xi
𝟐𝑭𝟏−𝑭𝟎−𝑭𝟐

Where,
L1 = lower limit of the modal class
F0 = frequency of the modal class
F1 = frequency of the class preceding the modal class
F2= frequency of the class succeeding the modal class
i= L2-L1(CLASS SIZE)
QUARTILE DEVIATION
 Quartile deviation is a measure of variation which gives
the solution to overcome the limitation of range. In a data
set, it calculate the spread over the middle half of the
values.
 To calculate quartile, all the data set is divided into four
parts.
 Every part of the data set contains 25% of the observed
value.
 𝒏 + 𝟏 In these values the highest one is known as
QUARTILE.

The half of the difference between third quartile and first

quartile (Q3-Q1) is known as quartile deviation.
𝑸𝟑−𝑸𝟏
QUARTILE DEVIATION (QD) =
𝟐
𝑁+1 Th
WHERE Q1= SIZE OF ( ) item &
4
𝑁+1 Th
Q1=SIZE OF 3( ) item
4
𝐐𝟑−𝐐𝟏
COEFFICIENT OF QUARTILE DEVIATION =
𝐐𝟑+𝐐𝟏