NAME: Adrian Carranza Sim COURSE: BSMT 2

SUBJECT: [LAB]Cargo Handling &Stowage (Dangerous Goods & Inspections)

ASSINGMENT

1. What is Direct line system?

It is made up of lines that run longitudinally through the center tanks and branch out to
bellmouths in the center and wing tanks. The system is straightforward and can be found on
some crude carriers. The advantages are that it is simple to use and requires little personnel
training.

2. What is Ring0main system?

It is also called the circular system. This type of piping system provides for the handling of
several different types of oil. A particular tank can be pumped out either by a direct suction
line or through another line by use of a cross-over. The system is very versatile.

3. What is Free-Flow System?

When the interconnecting gate valves in this system are opened, oil flows freely into the
most tanks. Only the aft tanks of a full free flow tanker will have main suction bellmouths.
Each tank, however, is usually equipped with a small stripping line. This system has the
distinct advantage of having a smaller and less complicated piping system in the tanks, and
it is appropriate for large tankers that typically do not carry a wide range of oil grades.
Obviously, the operational flexibility is less than that of other piping systems. Some ships
are also designed as a hybrid or cross between a full free flow system and a ring main, with
a free flow system only between certain tanks

4. What is ISGOTT?

The International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT), which has been
reviewed by ICS, OCIMF, and the International Association of Ports and Harbors, continues
to provide the best technical guidance on oil tanker and terminal operations (IAPH). Other
industry associations, such as INTERTANKO, the Society of International Gas Tanker and
Terminal Operators (SIGTTO), and the Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel (SGMF), as well as
experts in areas such as human factors, have also provided assistance.
5. What is COW?

Crude oil washing (COW) is a system in which oil tanks on a tanker are cleaned out
between voyages using crude oil - the cargo itself - rather than water. The crude oil's solvent
action makes the cleaning process far more effective than when water is used. (There is
usually a final water rinse, but the amount of water involved is very small.) The system helps
prevent operational measures from polluting the seas.