Human and Social Biology

Grade: 11
Time: 1:15 – 2:00 p.m. (Thursday)
Week 8: 24th – 28th Oct, 2022
Date: 27th Oct, 2022
Circulatory System
Unicellular organisms can exchange materials with their environment. Each cell has a large

surface area compared to its volume. In multicellular organisms, materials have to be transported

around its body.

Substance to be transported Transported from Transported to

Dissolved food Ileum (absorbed) Cells of the body (for

respiration, stored)
Nitrogenous waste cells Kidneys

oxygen Lungs (Diffuses into the Body cells to be used for

blood) respiration
Carbon dioxide Body cells (produced for Lungs (excretion)
respiration)
Hormones Endocrine glands Organs where their effects are
need
White blood cells Marrow of bones Where there are infections by
microorganisms

In plants, water must be transported from the soil to the leaves. The plant needs dissolved

minerals to be transported. Manufactured food is transported away from the leaves to be used

and stored.
 Human and Social Biology

The main function of the heart is to pump blood around the body but it must separate oxygenated

from deoxygenated blood.

 Human and Social Biology

Refer to Biology week 4 (a) and week 5 (a) (relevant in HSB).

Heart attacks

Heart attacks are caused by blockage of blood vessels in the heart. This could be due to a blood

clot that stops blood flow. Furthermore, this can stop the heart from beating.

Stroke

This occurs when there is a blood clot in the blood vessel in the brain. A person who has a stroke

may be unable to speak or move

The Lymphatic System

The lymphatic system is a one-way system from the body to the heart.

The functions of the lymphatic system include:

- Transportation of fats from the digestive system

- To drain excess liquids from cells and tissues

- Remove debris from cells and tissues

The 3 parts of the lymphatic system are:

1. Lymph- fluid

2. Lymph nodes- to clean lymph

3. Lymphatic vessels- tubes along which lymph travels