Temporary structures

**BRACING**

 Forms and shores must be braced to resist all foreseeable lateral loads, such as
wind, placing of concrete, and other live and dead loads. Committee 347 has
recommended that forms be braced for the following minimum lateral loads, acting
in any direction:

o Slab forms – 100 lb per lineal ft of slab edge, or 2 percent of total dead load
on the form, whichever is greater.

o Wall forms - use the wind load as prescribed by the local building code or
ANSI/ASCE-7 with adjustment for shorter recurrence interval. For wall
forms exposed to the elements, the minimum wind design load should be
not less than 15 psf. Wall form bracing should be designed for a horizontal
load of at least 100 lb per lineal ft of wall applied at the top.

 In ASCE 7 the wind speeds, are based on significantly longer recurrence intervals
than is need for temporary construction, formwork designers may want to consider
the ASCE 37 provisions for adjusting the ASCE 7 loads as follows.

Construction Period Wind speed multiplier

Less than 6 weeks .75
6 weeks to 1 year .80
1 to 2 years .85
2 to 5 years .90

• Example: The wind velocity is considered to be 90 mph for a permanent

structure. According to ASCE 37-02 and 7, what should you design the lateral
pressure due to wind on a wall too? The wall is estimated to only be in place for 3
weeks. Do not consider suction forces.

-Temporary design wind velocity = 90mph x .75 = 67.5 mph

- Using equation from ASCE 37-02 for pressure
- P = .00256 Vc2 = .00256 (67.5) 2 = 11.7 psf

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 Temporary structures
**BRACING**

Wall Forms: Inclined bracing will usually resist any wind uplift however, uplift forces on
inclined forms may require additional consideration and the use of special anchors or tie-
downs. The strut load per foot of form developed by the design lateral load can be
calculated by the use of the following equation.

H  h1  L1
P
h2  L 2
Where; P = strut load per foot of form (lb/ft)(kN/m)
H = lateral load at top of form (lb/ft)(kN/m)
h1 = height of form (ft) (m)
h2 = height of top of strut (ft) (m)
L1 = length of strut (ft) (m)
L2 = horizontal distance from form to bottom of strut (ft)(m)

h1
h2

L2

 The total load per strut is then P multiplied by strut spacing.