⚡ In modern power systems, the time scales of various phenomena range from microseconds to

minutes or even hours (shown in the picture below). With the growth of the converter interfaced
generation (CIG) in the power grids (e.g. PV, Wind), the fast electromagnetic phenomena gain more
prominence compared to the phenomena that have a time scale of milliseconds or minutes. This
means that the quasi-static modelling approaches that assume that the voltage and current
waveforms are dominated by the fundamental frequencies (50 or 60 Hz) are no longer sufficient.

💡 In “Definition and Classification of Power System Stability – Revisited & Extended” the emerging
power system trends are considered, and a new extended definition and classification of power
system stability are proposed. In the extended classification, new stability types are defined:
resonance stability and converter-driven stability. The resonance stability encompasses
subsynchronous resonance that can result from the a) interaction of the series compensation and the
mechanical torsional frequencies. Or b) it can result from the interaction of the series compensation
and the electrical characteristics of the generator. The new classification also defines converter-
driven stability resulting from the dynamic properties of CIGs and their interaction with the power
system. The converter-driven stability can have a time scale of several Hz but it can range even into
several kHz.
 
🎯 Testing of resonance and converter-driven stability criteria for modern power systems is difficult
due to the involved high dynamics and closed-loop interaction of the system components. Test
systems capable of reproducing more than the mere fundamental frequencies of 50 or 60 Hz are
needed. Moreover, high-fidelity simulation of the closed-loop interaction requires ultra-high-speed
communication between the models and test systems. EGSTON amplifiers are equipped with optical
fiber connections enabling minimum latency for closed-loop tests and have small-signal bandwidth
of 15 kHz. If you are interested to learn more, check https://www.egstonpower.com/.