TH

SNAPTEST-BALLB&BBALLB6 SEM.
CODEOFCI
VILPROCEDUREANDLI
MITATI
ONACT
BY:SONALITRI
PATHI
I
UU19BAL060

Q1Theappeali
sacont
inuat
ionoft
hesui
t,andi
tisr
ehear
ingoft
he
mat
ter
.Di
scusst
hest
atement
. 10mar
ks
Anappeal
isacont
inuat
ionofasui
t.Adecr
eepassedbyanappel
l
atecour
twoul
dbe
const
ruedt
obeadecr
eepassedbyt
heCour
toft
hef
ir
sti
nst
ance.Anappeal
isv
irt
ual
l
y
ar
ehear
ingoft
hemat
ter
.Theappel
l
atecour
tpossessest
hesamepower
sanddut
ies
ast
heor
igi
nal
cour
t.Onceagai
ntheent
ir
epr
oceedi
ngsar
ebef
oret
heappel
l
atecour
t
whi
chcanr
evi
ewt
heev
idenceasawhol
e,subj
ectt
ost
atut
oryl
i
mit
ati
ons,
ifany
,and
cancomet
oit
sownconcl
usi
ononsuchev
idence.

I
nDay
awat
iv.I
nder
ji
t,Just
iceHi
day
atul
l
ahst
atedt
hat
,"Anappeal
hasbeensai
dtobe
'
ther
ightofent
eri
ngasuper
iorCour
t,andi
nvoki
ngi
tsai
dandi
nter
posi
ti
ont
oredr
ess
t
heer
roroft
heCour
tbel
ow'
.Theonl
ydi
ff
erencebet
weenasui
tandanappeal
ist
hatan
appeal
'onl
yrev
iewsandcor
rect
sthepr
oceedi
ngsi
nacauseal
readyconst
it
utedbut
doesnotcr
eat
ethecause'
.
"

Mor
eov
er,
wher
eanappeal
ispr
ovi
dedbyl
awandi
sfi
l
edagai
nstadecr
eeoror
der
passedbyal
owercour
t,t
hedeci
sionoft
heappel
l
atecour
twi
l
lbet
heoper
ati
ve
deci
sion.I
tisobv
ioust
hatwhenanappeal
ismade,
theappel
l
ateaut
hor
it
ycandoone
oft
het
hreet
hings,
namel
y:

 I
tmayr
ever
set
heor
derunderappeal
;

 I
tmaymodi
fyt
hator
der
;and

 I
tmaymer
elydi
smi
sst
heappeal
andt
husconf
ir
mtheor
derwi
thoutany
modi
fi
cat
ion.

I
nal
ltheset
hreecasesaf
tert
heappel
l
ateaut
hor
it
yhasdi
sposedoft
heappeal
,the
oper
ati
veor
deri
stheor
deroft
heappel
l
ateaut
hor
it
ywhet
heri
thasr
ever
sedt
he
or
igi
nal
orderormodi
fi
edi
torconf
ir
medi
t.I
tist
heappel
l
atedeci
sional
onewhi
ch
subsi
stsandi
soper
ati
veandcapabl
eofenf
orcement
.

I
nGar
ikapat
iVeer
ayav
.N.Subbi
ahChaudhr
y,r
efer
ri
ngt
ovar
iousl
eadi
ngdeci
sionson
t
hesubj
ect
,theSupr
emeCour
tlai
ddownt
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
inci
plesr
elat
ingt
oar
ightof
appeal
:

 Thatt
hel
egal
pur
sui
tofar
emedy
,sui
t,appeal
andsecondappeal
arer
eal
l
ybut
st
epsi
naser
iesofpr
oceedi
ngsal
lconnect
edbyani
ntr
insi
cuni
tyandar
etobe
r
egar
dedasonel
egal
proceedi
ng.

 Ther
ightofappeal
isnotamer
emat
terofpr
ocedur
ebuti
sasubst
ant
iver
ight
.

 Thei
nst
it
uti
onoft
hesui
tcar
ri
eswi
thi
tthei
mpl
i
cat
iont
hatal
lri
ght
sofappeal
t
heni
nfor
cear
epr
eser
vedt
othepar
ti
est
her
etot
il
lther
estoft
hecar
eeroft
he
sui
t.

 Ther
ightofappeal
isav
est
edr
ightandsuchar
ightt
oent
ert
hesuper
iorcour
t
accr
uest
othel
i
tigantandex
ist
sonandf
rom t
hedat
ethesui
tcommencesand,
al
thoughi
tmaybeact
ual
l
yexer
cisedwhent
headv
ersej
udgmenti
spr
onounced.

 Thi
svest
edr
ightofappeal
canbet
akenawayonl
ybyasubsequentenact
ment
,if
i
tsopr
ovi
desexpr
essl
yorbynecessar
yint
endmentandnotot
her
wise.

Q2AsueBonbi
llofexchangef
orRs500.Bhol
daj
udgementagai
nstA
f
orRs1000.Whati
sther
emedyav
ail
abl
etoB.
? 5mar
ks
I
nthegi
venscenar
ioA suesBonabi
l
lofexchangef
orRs.500.Bhol
dsaj
udgment
agai
nstAf
orRs.1,
000.Thet
wocl
aimsbei
ngbot
hdef
ini
tepecuni
arydemandsmaybe
set
-of
fasunderr
ule6ofor
derVI
IIofCPC,
1908.

"
Set
-of
f"meansacl
aim setupagai
nstanot
her
.Iti
sacr
osscl
aim whi
chpar
tl
yof
fset
s
t
heor
igi
nal
clai
m.I
tisanext
inct
ionofdebt
sofwhi
cht
woper
sonsar
ereci
procal
l
y
debt
orst
ooneanot
herbyt
hecr
edi
tsofwhi
cht
heyar
ereci
procal
l
ycr
edi
tor
stoone
anot
her
.Wher
ether
ear
emut
ual
debt
sbet
weent
hepl
aint
if
fandt
hedef
endant
,one
debtmaybeset
tl
edagai
nstt
heot
her
.Iti
sapl
eai
ndef
ence,
avai
l
abl
etot
hedef
endant
.
Byadj
ust
ment
,set
-of
fei
therwi
pesoutorr
educest
hepl
aint
if
f'
scl
aimi
nasui
tfor
r
ecov
eryofmoney
.
Wher
einasui
tforr
ecov
eryofmoneybyt
hepl
aint
if
f,t
hedef
endantf
indst
hathehas
al
soacl
aim ofsomeamountagai
nstt
hepl
aint
if
f,hecancl
aim aset
-of
finr
espectof
t
hesai
damount
.Thedoct
ri
neofset
offmaybedef
inedas"
theext
inct
ionofdebt
sof
whi
cht
woper
sonsar
ereci
procal
l
ydebt
orst
ooneanot
herbyt
hecr
edi
tsofwhi
cht
hey
ar
ereci
procal
l
ycr
edi
tor
stooneanot
her
".

Adef
endantmaycl
aim aset
-of
f,i
fthef
oll
owi
ngcondi
ti
onsar
esat
isf
ied:

i
. Thesui
tmustbef
ort
her
ecov
eryofmoney
.

Thesum ofmoneymustbeascer
tai
ned.

i
i
. Suchsum mustbel
egal
l
yrecov
erabl
e.

i
i
i. I
tmustber
ecov
erabl
ebyt
hedef
endantorbyal
lthedef
endant
s,i
fmor
ethanone.

i
v. I
tmustber
ecov
erabl
ebyt
hedef
endantf
rom t
hepl
aint
if
forf
rom al
lthepl
aint
if
fs,
i
fmor
ethanone.

v
. I
tmustnotexceedt
hepecuni
aryj
uri
sdi
cti
onoft
hecour
tinwhi
cht
hesui
tis
br
ought
.

v
i. Bot
hthepar
ti
esmustf
il
l,
int
hedef
endant
'scl
aimt
oset
off
,thesamechar
act
er
ast
heyf
il
li
nthepl
aint
if
f'
ssui
t.