READING PASSAGES 1-2

There are two basic types of glaciers, those that flow-outward in all 2. The word “massive” is closest in meaning to_____ .
directions with little regard for any underlying terrain and those that A. huge B. strange C. cold D. recent
are confined by terrain to a particular path 3. It can be inferred that ice sheets are so named for which of the
     The first category of glaciers includes those massive blankets that following reasons?
cover whole continents, appropriately called ice sheets. There must be A. They are confined to mountain valleys. B. They cover large areas of
over 50,000 square kilometers of land covered with ice for the glacier land.
to qualify as an ice sheet. When portions of an ice sheet spread out C. They are thicker in some areas than in others
over the ocean, they form ice shelves. D. They have a characteristic circular shape.
     About 20,000 years ago the Cordilleran Ice Sheet covered nearly all 4. According to the passage, ice shelves can be found_____ .
the mountains in southern Alaska, western Canada, and the western A. covering an entire continent B. buried within the mountains
United States. It was all about 3 kilometers deep at its thickest point in C. spreading into the ocean D. filling deep valleys
in northern Alberta. Now these are only two sheets left on Earth Those 5. According to the passage, where was the Cordilleran Ice Sheet
covering Greenland and Antarctica. thickest?
     Any domelike body of ice that also flows out in all directions but A. Alaska B. Greenland C. Alberta D. Antarctica
covers less than 50,000 square kilometers is called an ice cap. Although 6. The word “rare” is closest in meaning to_____ .
ice caps are rare nowadays, there are a number in northeastern A. small B. unusual C. valuable D. widespread
Canada, on Baffin Island, on the Queen Elizabeth Islands. 7. According to the passage (paragraph 5), ice fields resemble ice caps
     The second category of glaciers includes those of a variety of shapes in which of the following ways?
and sizes generally called mountain or alpine glaciers. Mountain A. Their shape B. Their flow C. Their texture D. Their
glaciers are typically identified by the landform that controls their flow. location
One form of mountain glacier that resembles an ice cap in that it flows 8. The word “it” refers to_____ .
outward in several directions is called an ice field. The difference A. glacier B. cap C. difference D. terrain
between an ice field and an ice cap is subtle. Essentially, the flow of an 9. The word “subtle” is closest in meaning to_____ .
ice fields is somewhat controlled by surrounding terrain and thus does A. slight B. common C. important D. measurable
not have a domelike shape of a cap. There are several ice fields in 10. All of the following are alpine glaciers EXCEPT .
Wrangell, ST. Elias, and Chugach mountains of Alaska and northern A. cirque glaciers B. ice caps C. valley glaciers D. ice fields
British Columbia.
     Less spectacular than large ice fields are most common types of Read the following passage and choose the best answers to the
mountain glaciers: the cirque and valley glaciers. Cirque glaciers are question. (20 pts)
found in depressions in the surface of the land and have a 1] The development of jazz can be seen as part of the large continuum
characteristic circular shape. The ice of valley glaciers, bound by terrain of American popular music, especially dance music. In the twenties,
flows down valleys, curves around their comers, and falls over cliff. jazz became the hottest new thing in dance music, much as ragtime
1. What does the passage mainly discuss? had at the turn of the century and as would rhythm and blues in the
A. Where major glaciers are located B. How glaciers shape the land fifties, rock in the fifties and disco in the seventies.
C. How glaciers are formed D. The different kinds of glaciers 5] But who characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music. The
first is improvisation, the changing of a musical phrase according to the
player’s inspiration. Like all artists, jazz musicians strive for an
individuality style, and the improvise or paraphrase is a jazz musician’s
main opportunity to display his or her individuality. In early jazz,
musicians often improvised melodies collectively, thus creating a kind
of polyphony. There was little soloing as such, although some New
Orleans players, particularly cornet player Buddy Bolden, achieved
local fame for their ability to improvise a solo.
13] Later the idea of the chorus-long or multichorus solo took hold.
Louis Armstrong’s instrumental brilliance, demonstrated through
extended solos, was a major influence in this development. Event in
the early twenties, however, some jazz bands had featured soloists.
Similarly, show orchestras and carnival bands often included one or
two such “get-off’ musicians. Unimproved, completely structured jazz
does exist, but the ability of the best jazz musicians to create music of
great cohesion and beauty during performance has been a hallmark of
the music and its major source of inspiration and change.
21] The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is rhythmic drive
that was initially called “hot” and later “swing”. In playing hot, a
musician consciously departs from strict meter to create a relaxed
sense of phrasing that also emphasizes the underling rhythms.
(“Rough” tone and use of moderate vibrato also contributed to a hot
sound). Not all jazz is hot, however, many early bands
played unadorned published arrangements of popular songs. Still, the
proclivity to play hot distinguished the jazz musician from other
instrumentalists.
1. The passage answers which of the following questions?
A. Which early jazz musicians most Influenced rhythm and blues music?
B. What are the differences between jazz and other forms of music?
C. Why is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?
D. What instruments comprised a typical jazz band of the 1920’s?
2. Which of the following appeared before jazz as a popular music of
dancing?
A. Disco B. Rock
C. Rhythm and blues D. Ragtime
3. According of the passage, jazz musicians are able to demonstrate
their individual artistry mainly by?
A. creating musical variations while performing.
B. preparing musical arrangements
C. reading music with great skill
D. being able to play all types of popular music
4. Which of the following was the function of “get-off’ musicians line
17?
A. Assist the other band members in packing up after a performance
B. Teach dance routines created for new music
C. Lead the band
D. Provide solo performances in a band or orchestra
5. Which two types of music developed around the same time?
A. jazz/ rock B. dance/ rhythm & blue
C. rock/ rhythm & blue D. jazz/ dance
6. Louis Armstrong was mentioned as an influential musician of
A. “hot” or “swing” jazz B. chorus-long jazz
C. structured jazz D. soloing jazz
7. The word “consciously” in line 22 is closest in meaning to
A. carelessly  B. easily C. periodically D. purposely
8. The word “unadorned” in line 26 is closest in meaning to
A. lovely B. plain C. disorganized D. inexpensive
9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
A. “improvisation” (line 6) B. “polyphony” (line 10)
C. “comet player” (line 11) D. “multichorus” (line 13)
10. The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of
A. dividing the discussion into major areas
B. presenting contrasting points of views
C. providing biographies of famous musician
D. describing historical events in sequence