LESSON 1 – INTRODUCTION
to protect every working man against the
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) - a
discipline with a broad scope involving three
major fields Occupational Safety, Occupational
Health and Industrial Hygiene.
Occupational Safety - deals with
understanding the causes of accidents at
work and ways to prevent unsafe act and
unsafe conditions in any workplace. Safety at
work discusses concepts on good
housekeeping, proper materials handling and
storage machine safety, electrical safety, fire
prevention and control, safety inspection, and
accident investigation.
Occupational Health - is a broad concept
which explains how the different hazards and
risks at work may cause an illness and
emphasizes that health programs are essential
in controlling work-related and/or occupational
diseases.
Industrial Hygiene - discusses the
identification, evaluation, and control of
physical, chemical, biological and ergonomic
hazards.
OSH aims at:
- the promotion and maintenance of the highest
degree of physical, mental and social well-
being of workers in all occupations;
- the prevention of adverse health effects of the
working conditions
- the placing and maintenance of workers in an
occupational environment adapted to physical
and mental needs;
- the adaptation of work to humans (and NOT
the other way around).
OSH STANDARDS - It contains;
administrative requirements, general safety
and health rules, technical safety
regulations, and other measures to eliminate
or reduce OSH hazards in the workplace.
PURPOSE:
dangers of injury, sickness or death through
safe and healthful working conditions.
4 ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN OSH
1. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND
EMPLOYMENT (DOLE) - solely responsible
for the implementation, enforcement of laws,
policies, plans, programs, projects, rules and
regulations.
2. EMPLOYEES COMPENSATION
COMMISSION (ECC) - is responsible for
initiating, rationalizing and coordinating the
policies on employees compensation
programs as well as deciding appealed cases
from the GSIS and SSS, the agencies which
initially
administer the employee’s compensation
program in the public and private sector.
3. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
CENTER (0SH) - undertakes continuing
studies and researches on OSH. Plans,
develops and implements training programs on
OSH Undertakes practical testing for safe use
and sets standard specifications of PPEs
Monitor workers’ exposure to hazardous
substance and environmental conditions.
4. BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS
(BWC) - the BWC performs primarily policy and
program development and advisory functions in
the administration and enforcement of laws
relating to working conditions. It oversee the
implementation of standards through
technical supervision of enforcement by the
DOLE’s 15 Regional Offices all over the
country.
PROCLAMATION NO. 115 - was issued
declaring the year the year & every year
thereafter as Safety & Accident Prevention
Year.
January - GENERAL ORIENTATION
February - AIR TRANSPORTATION
March - FIRE PREVENTION
April - VACATION HAZARDS
May - LAND TRANSPORTATION
June - SEA TRANSPORTATION
July - SCHOOLS
August - FARMS
September - HEALTH AND SANITATION
October - IN DUSTRY & COMMERCE
November - MINES
December - HOLIDAY HAZARDS & HOMES
LESSON 2 – OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH LEGISLATIONS
Article XIII Section 3 of Phil. Constitution
• The state shall afford full protection to
labor, local and overseas, organized
and unorganized, and promote full
employment opportunities for all.
• It shall guarantee the rights of all
workers to self-organization, collective
bargaining & negotiations and
peaceful concerted activities,
including the right to strike in
accordance with law.
• They shall be entitled to security of
tenure, humane conditions of work,
and a living wage…
• Law: P.D. 442, Book IV, Titles I and II
• Title: Labor Code of the Phils.
• Year Passed: 1974
• Implementing Agency: DOLE
• Content: Revised and consolidated
labor and social laws to afford full
protection to labor, promote employment
and human resources development and
ensure industrial peace based on social
justice.
• Article 162 – The Secretary of labor
shall by appropriate order set and
enforce mandatory OSH Standards to
eliminate or reduce OSH hazards in all
workplaces and institute new and
update existing programs to ensure safe
and healthful working conditions in all
place of employment
• Article 165 – DOLE shall be solely
responsible for the administration,
enforcement of laws, policies and
programs on OSH.
• Chartered cities may be allowed to
conduct industrial safety inspection of
establishments within their respective
jurisdictions.
• Law: Rules and Regulations
Implementing Art. 162, Book IV, Title I,
P.D. 442
• Title: Occupational Safety and Health
Standards (OSHS)
• Year Passed: 1978
• Relevant Provision/s: Rule 1000 to
Rule 1980
• Implementing Agency: DOLE
• Book IV, Title I
Chapter I (Medical and Dental
Services)
Chapter II (Occupational Safety)
• Book IV, Title I – Medical, Dental and
Occupational Safety
• Occupational Safety and Health
Standards, (OSHS)1978
• A set of mandatory OSH standards
which codifies all safety orders being
enforced prior to its promulgation.
• It contains administrative
requirements, general safety and
health rules, technical safety
regulations, and other measures to
eliminate or reduce OSH hazards in
the workplace.
PURPOSE
- to protect every working man against the
dangers of injury, sickness or death
through safe and healthful working
conditions.
SCOPE 1980 Authority of LG
- shall apply to all places of employment 1990 Final Provisions
except land, sea and air transportation
and safety in Mines. 1960 OH Services

Some Rules of OSHS LESSON 3 - ACCIDENTS AND WORKPLACE

1000 General Provisions HAZARDS

1010 Other Safety Rules

Accidents - an accident is an unexpected,
1020 Registration unforeseen, unplanned and unwanted
occurrence or event that causes damage or
1030 Training & Accreditation loss of materials or properties, injury or death.
1040 Health & Safety Committee
1050 Notification & Keeping of Common types of accidents:
Occupational Illnesses & Injuries - fall from height and fall from the same
level (slips and trips)
1060 Premises of Establishments - struck against rigid structure, sharp or
1070 Environmental Control rough objects
- struck by falling objects
1080 Personal Protective Equipment - caught in, on or in between objects
- electrocution
1090 Hazardous Materials
- fire
1100 Gas & Electric Welding & Cutting
Operations
Hazard - a source or situation with a potential
1120 Hazardous Work Processes to cause harm in terms of injury, ill health,
damage to property, damage to the
1140 Explosives environment or a combination of these.
1150 Materials Handling & Storage
1160 Boiler 6 WORKPLACE HAZARDS

1170 Unfired Pressure Vessels 1.CHEMICAL HAZARDS - are hazardous

substances and harmful to human and causes
1180 Internal Combustion Engine* danger.
1200 Machine Guarding Examples:
1210 Electrical Safety - Gases
1220 Elevators & Related Equipment - Vapors
1230 Identification of Piping System - Liquids
1240 Power Piping Lines - Aerosols (dusts, fibers, fumes, mists, fogs)
1410 Construction Safety -Noxious or toxic
1420 Logging - Corrosive
1940 Fire Protection & Control - Allergens
1950 Pesticides & Fertilizers - Irritants
1970 Fees - Asphyxiants (CO, cyanide)
- Carcinogens - biogenic allergens workers in
agriculture
- Mutagenic (virus, bacteria, radiation)

4. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS - are physical

2. PHYSICAL HAZARDS - physical hazards factors in the environment that may cause
these are factors that can or circumstances musculoskeletal injuries.
that can harm even without touching them.
a. Physical Ergonomics
Examples:
- working postures
a. Noise, Hot or Cold temperature, Poor
illumination, Radiation, Vibration - materials handling
- repetitive movements
- workplace layout
- Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
(WMSD)
b. Cognitive Ergonomics
- mental workload decision-making
- skilled performance
- human-computer interaction

c. Organizational Ergonomics
- working time
- communication
Allowable Exposure to Noise:
- staff resource management
8 hrs --- 90 db
4 hrs --- 95 db - work design
2 hrs --- 100 db
1 hr --- 105 db - teamwork
- participatory design
b. Extreme Temperatures are of two types: - community ergonomics
extreme heat which can cause heat stroke
and extreme cold which can cause - cooperative work
hypothermia. - new work paradigms
- virtual organizations
3. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS - are biological
substances that is threat to the health of - and quality management
human.
A. Infectious Agents 5. PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARDS - are hazard
- workers in hospitals and laboratories with an impact on psychological health,
B. Non-infectious Agents mental and emotional well-being of a person.
- viable organisms
- biogenic toxin, bacteria, molds and
Examples:
toxins that affect workers in cotton mill,
sewage and sludge treatment
- Work demands
- Inter-personal relationship and leadership
- Work-family conflict
- Job satisfaction
- Job insecurity
- Influence and development
- Role ambiguity
6. SAFETY HAZARDS - are the unsafe
working conditions that can cause injury,
illness, and death.
Categories Occupational Threats
- Employees who work with equipment or
on building sites are exposed to these
dangers;
- spills
- trips
- Working from a height (ladders, scaffolds,
roofs)
- Machinery parts that are unguarded
PROGRAM TO INTRODUCE PPE
Once it is decided that personal
protective equipment is going to be
used, then the following steps need
to be undertaken:
1. Write a policy on the usage of PPE
and communicate it to employees and
visitors as needed
2. Select the proper type of equipment
3. Implement a thorough training
program
4. Ensure that employees know the
correct use and maintenance of the
equipment
5. Enforce proper use and maintenance
of PPE
Accident - is an occurrence or event
UNEXPECTED .UNFORESEEN,
UNPLANNED, AND UNWANTED that
interrupts or disrupts the normal and
orderly progress of any activity.
- Physical harm
- Damage to property
- Delay in operation
METHODS OF CONTROLLING HAZARDS
Engineering Methods - this is the application
of engineering technology to control
hazards.
Examples: are installation of safety devices
like emergency stop, limit, grab-wire
and photo electric switches, machine guarding
which prevent anyone from
coming in contact with moving parts of a
machine during the operation.
Administrative Methods - this aims to
minimize the exposure of humans to
workplace hazards and employs administrative
approaches such as rotation and shifting.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -
these are considered as the last line of
defense. These devices provide Personal
Protective Equipment.
ACCIDENT ARE DUE TO:
1. Unsafe Conditions
2. Unsafe Practices
ACCIDENT COSTS
A. Direct Costs
- Medical Costs
- Insurance Premiums
- Employee Compensation
B. Indirect Costs
1.Inspect/repair/remove/replace
damaged or destroyed equipment and
materials
2. Order replacement parts, materials or
entire machines
3. Rent temporary replacement
machines/tools
4. Pay overtime wages
5. Absorb possible lost sales
6. Hire and train new employee
7. Investigate accident
8. Complete written reports
9. File workers’ compensation or
insurance claims
10. Clean-up area
11. Repair damaged work areas
UNSAFE CONDITIONS
1. Inadequate guards or protection
2. Defective tools/equipment
3. Congestion
4. Substandard housekeeping
5. Excessive noise
6. Inadequate illumination or ventilation
UNSAFE PRACTICES
1. Operating without authority
2. Failure to warn or secure
3. Operating at improper speed
4. Making safety devices inoperable
5. Using defective equipment
6. Using equipment improperly
7. Failure to use personal protective
equipment
8. Improper loading or placement
9. Improper lifting
10 Taking improper position.
11. Servicing equipment in motion
12. Horseplay
13. Drinking alcoholic drinks or drugs
Accident COSTS MONEY
Safety SAVES MONEY
Accidents are caused by either one
or a combination of 3 factors:
1. Unsafe conditions
2. Unsafe acts
3. Management failure
PHILOSOPHY OF ACCIDENT
PREVENTION
1. Society as a whole has a moral
responsibility to prevent needless
destruction of life and health, particularly
in the workplace.
2. The employer is primarily responsible
for ensuring a safe, healthy work
environment
3. Employees are held accountable for
following prescribed safety
standards and guidelines
LESSON 4 - HOUSEKEEPING
Housekeeping - is putting everything
in proper place, tidying and piling of
materials, unblock passageways. It is
important in preventing most common
accidents and related injuries and
illnesses in the workplace. Thus
improves productivity and minimizes
direct/indirect costs of accident/injuries.
Good housekeeping is needed for:
- Quality improvement.
- By this we lessen rejects/losses.
- It is easy to do the job.
- An easier job, having no defects,
continuous production
- an orderly workplace is related to work
improvement.
- The ISO Certification is the trend, the
impression of a company to the
community is very important.
- A company that follows good
housekeeping principles will surely be
recognized as a provider of quality
service and products.
The following list are the things
where the housekeeping is not done:
1. Cluttering and poorly arranged
areas
2. Improper piled-on materials
3. Items are no longer needed
4. Materials stuffed in corners and
out-of-the way places
5. Materials getting rusty and dirty
from non-use
6. Excessive quantities of items
 7. Over crowded storage areas and
shelves
8. Over flowing bins and containers
9. Broken containers and damaged
materials
10. Untidy piling materials
Seven Wastes:
1. Scrap and Rework
2. Over production
3. Non-effective work
4. Transportation
5. Inventory
6. Non- effective motion
7. Waiting
The 5S, a Japanese concept that aims
to optimize time for production, is a
very practical, simple and proven
approach to improving housekeeping in
the workplace.
5 S is a systematized approach to:
a) organizing work areas
b) keeping rules and standards
c) maintaining discipline
5S utilizes:
a) workplace organization
b) work simplification techniques
5S practice
a) develops positive attitude
among workers
b) cultivates an environment of
efficiency, effectiveness and economy
5S Philosophy
1) Production comes from the
elimination of waste
2) It is necessary to attack the
root cause of a problem, not just
symptoms
3) Participation of everybody is
required
4) To acknowledge that the
human being is not infallible
5S Terms:
1. Seiri/Sort/Suriin - is the first S which
sorting out unnecessary items and
discarding them.
2. Seiton/ Systematize/Sinupin - is the
second S which means we need to
organized things.
7 Seiton PRINCIPLES
1. Follow the (FIFO) first – IN
first-out method for strong items
2. Assign each item a dedicated
location
3. All items and their locations
should be indicated by a systematic
labelling
4. Place items so that they are
visible to minimize search time
5. Place items so they can be
reached or handled easily
6. Separate exclusive tools from
common ones
7. Place frequently used tools
near the user
3. Seiso/Sweep/Simutin – is the third S
which means we have to sanitize or
clean our workplace.
Keep environmental condition as
clean as the level necessary for the
products
Prevent deterioration of machinery
and equipment and make checking of
abnormalities easy
Keep workplace safe and work easy.
4. Seiketsu/Standardize/Siguruhin – is
the fourth S which means we have to
standardize what we are doing.
5. Shitsuke/Self- Discipline/Sariling
kusa – is the fifth and last S which
means we have to do this process
without pushing you to do so.

Some Suggested Good Shitsuke

Practices;
1.Contact people with a big smile.
2. Be a good listener.
3. Be devoted and kaizen-
oriented.
4. Demonstrate team spirit.
5 Conduct yourself as the
member of a reputable organization.
6. Be punctual.
7. Always keep your workplace
clean and tidy.
8. Observe safety rules strictly

Kaizen - is a Japanese business

philosophy that focuses on gradually
improving productivity by involving all
employees and by making the work
environment more
efficient. Kaizen translates to "change
for the better" or "continuous
improvement.“