HIPPOCRENE

STANDARD
DICTIONARY

PULAAR-ENGLISH
ENGLISH-PULAAR
STANDARD
DICTIONARY

Dr. Mamadou Niang

80S™»WBtKUBIW
Copley Square
HIPPOCRENE STANDARD DICTIONARY

PULAAR-ENGLISH/
ENGLISH-PULAAR
 Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2017 with funding from
Kahle/Austin Foundation

https://archive.org/details/pulaarenglishengOOnian
 HIPPOCRENE STANDARD DICTIONARY

PULAAR-ENGLISH/
ENGLISH-PULAAR

Mamadou Niang

HIPPOCRENE BOOKS
New York
Copyright© 1997 Mamadou Niang.

All rights reserved.

For information, address:

HIPPOCRENE BOOKS, INC
171 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10016

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Niang, Mamadou Ousmane.
Pulaar-English/English-Pulaar / Mamadou Niang.
p. cm. — (Hippocrene standard dictionary)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-7818-0479-5
1. Pular dialect—Dictionaries—English. 2. English language-
-Dictionaries—Pular. I. Title. II. Series
PL8184.Z9P85656 1997
496'.322-dc21 97-24082
CIP
Printed in the United States of America.
 Dedicated to
my parents, family and friends
with love, respect and gratitude
 CONTENTS

Acknowledgments viii

Background Notes ix

Motivations for a Pulaar-English / English-Pulaar Dictionary ix

Sources x

Dialectal Decisions x

Entry Structure x

Categorial Correspondence x

Pronunciation xi

Numerals xii

Punctuation xiv

Abbreviations xv

Saggitorde Pulaar-Engele / Pulaar-English Dictionary 1

English-Pulaar Dictionary / Saggitorde Engele-Pulaar 117

References 276

Vll
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am greatly indebted to a number of people whose contributions and support

played a major role in the making of this dictionary. I am grateful to Professor Ladislav
Zgusta for his valuable advice and recommendations. Dr. Ba Oumar whose research and
feedback were highly valuable to this dictionary, Dean James R. Durig for his support
that helped resolve many shortcomings concerning data collection and computer
equipment, the Department of Linguistics of Kansas University at Lawrence for their
valuable suggestions. I am greatly indebted to my wife, Michelle, for her support,
understanding and patience, Hippocrene Books Inc, for editing and publishing this
dictionary. Finally, my deepest gratitude goes to my parents, brothers, sisters and friends
for their love, their sacrifices and their support.

viii
 BACKGROUND NOTES

This Pulaar-English/English-Pulaar Dictionary, a five year-old project, is intended

to serve as a tool for the obvious needs of students, teachers, and researchers. It contains
over 30,000 entries. The data is fairly extensive and the transcription conforms to the
recognized standard. Grammatical features, pronunciation, etymology and usage have
been incorporated in this study which aims at addressing inadequacies typical of African
language dictionaries.

MOTIVATIONS FOR A PULAAR-ENGLISH/

ENGLISH-PULAAR DICTIONARY

Various reasons may be invoked to motivate the making of a Pulaar-

English/English-Pulaar Dictionary. The three major compelling reasons behind the
making of this dictionary relate to the importance of Fula and the Pulaar dialect, the lack
of an adequate Pulaar-English/English-Pulaar dictionary, and the need for adequate
research and teaching tools for researchers, teachers and learners.

Importance of Fula and Pulaar

Pulaar is a dialect of Fula, a major African language both in its geographical
distribution and number of speakers. Fula is spoken in Western, Eastern and Central
Africa by over 25 million speakers. In addition to Africa, major concentrations of Fula
speakers can be found in Europe and America. At the African Language Conference held
in 1979 in Michigan, Fula was not only ranked high following the priority criteria utilized
(i.e. -number of speakers; -political, cultural and social importance; -importance for US
national interests) but it was also included in Group A Languages (Highest Priority).

Lack of Adequate Pulaar dictionaries

I am unaware of the existence of a Pulaar-English/English-Pulaar dictionary. Even
though some lexica involving either Pulaar or other dialects of Fula may be found
(Arnott 1932, 1955; Ba 1968, 1972, 1980; Gaden 1967, 1969, 1972; Gamble 1958,
1981; Ly 1986; Osborne 1993), these fall short of the expectations. They are very limited
as far as content is concerned, and the transcription used in these reference materials is
not consistent with the recognized transcription. Many features concerning the
pronunciation of lexical items are omitted in these previous works, which may cause
misunderstandings. Usage, an important feature in dictionaries, tends to be ignored in
these lexica. Despite the wide orientation of the scope of the dictionary, the work is
constrained by the very nature of dictionary making itself and space constraints.

Researchers, Learners and Teachers's needs

In addition to being taught in numerous institutions throughout the world, Pulaar
has been the subject of research by various scholars and important large scale research is
still being conducted. This project provides adequate tools for the obvious needs of these
millions of speakers, students, and researchers.

IX
 SOURCES

Part of the data came from sources in the USA, Canada, the Bibliotheque
Nationale in Paris and Institutes of National Languages in Mauritania, Senegal, Mali,
Burkina Faso, and Niger. Additional data came from native speakers' input, and radio
and TV broadcast materials. The data collection was drastically complicated by the
unavailability or scarcity of sources. In addition to the lack of sources, there is no
adequate networking among researchers on Fula. Various research projects are being
undertaken here and there but many individuals outside these projects are not aware of
their existence. For this reason, related or similar projects are being undertaken without
consultation.

DIALECTAL DECISIONS

Fula, like any other language, has various dialects, the number of which cannot
easily be ascertained as a systematic study of Fula dialects and their delimitation is yet to
be conducted. None of the dialects has been standardized. This dictionary deals with the
Pulaar dialect spoken essentially in Mauritania, Senegal, and The Gambia. Even though
this project deals with Pulaar, it includes variations from other dialects. The Pulaar
dialect is not uniform and variations can be observed in certain areas. Even though these
variations are minor in most cases, they are noted in the entries, a strategy motivated by
the fact that this dictionary attempts to target all areas where Pulaar is spoken and inform
research.

ENTRY STRUCTURE

Entries in this dictionary are not structured around the root system approach. This
decision is motivated by considerations pertaining to shortcomings associated with this
approach. These shortcomings relate to the difficulty in determining the shape of the
root, dialectal variations, the extensive use of coreference, morphological and semantic
considerations. Unlike other lexica which attempt to organize the entries around a root
format, the organization of entries in this dictionary is conducted on a semantic field
basis. Related forms are grouped together without specification of the form of the root
itself

CATEGORIAL CORRESPONDENCE

As suggested in the lexicographic literature (Landau, 1993), a major attempt has

been undertaken to consistently translate a category in the source language with the
same category in the target language; i.e. a noun to a noun correspondence, a verb to a
verb correspondence. Despite this attempt, in a number of instances, this categorial
correspondence could not always be observed due to restrictions on the target language.
Indeed, even though an adjective in English may be translated as an adjective in Pulaar,
in many instances an English adjective must be translated by various adjectival forms.
For example, the adjective "big" in English may be translated with the Pulaar adjectives
mawcfo, mawha, mmvngu, mawcfe, niawnde, mawndu, mawngal, mawdi, mawde,
mawndi, mawnge, mawka, mawki, ntmvko depending on the class of the referent. In
addition, an English adjective may be translated into a relative clause (i.e. hesitant mo
fellitaani), a noun (i.e. racial lenamlenaagu), a noun and an adverb (i.e. quotidian
nande kala)

X
 PRONUNCIATION

The same transcription is used for both Pulaar-English and English-Pulaar sections.
In both sections, the transcription is provided for the main entry only. In the Pulaar-
English section, in order to avoid repetitions, the transcription of the main entry is
provided only when assimilation is involved as in 'fotcle" pronounced [fodde], A gap in
the following inventory indicates the absence of the particular sound in the language
under consideration.

VOWEL SOUNDS
English Pulaar
[iy] as in feet [fiyt] [ii] as in wiisde [wiisde]
[i] as in fit [fit] [i] as in wisde [wisde]
[i] as in roses [roz+z]
[ey] as in wait [weyt]
[e] as in wet [wet] [e] as in welde [welde]
[ee] as in weelde [weelde]
[e] as in celi [celi]
[ee] as in ceeli [ceeli]
[a] as in fat [fat] [a] as in amde [amde]
[a] as in father [fada] [aa] as in aamde [aamde]
[ay] as in bite [bayt]
[aw] as in out [av/t]
[o] as oi sow [sow] [0] as in towde [towde]
[00] as in toowde [toowde]
[6] as in bolel [b61el]
[66] as in b661el] [b661el]
[ow] as in boat [bowt]
[o] as in bought [bot]
[oy] as in boil [boil]
[u] as in put [put] [u] as in [urde]
[uw] as in boot [buwt] [uu] as in [uurde]
[A] as in but [bAt]
[0] as in better [bet0]
[0"] as in bird [ba^d]

CONSONANTAL SOUNDS

English Pulaar
[p] as in pen [pen] [p] as in paaka [paaka]
[b] as in bag [bag] [b] as in bata [bata]
[b] as in balal [balal]
[t] as in ten [ten] [t] as in tata [tata]
[d] as in do [du] [d] as in daga [daga]
[cf] as in cfacr61 [cfacf61]
[k] as in kit [kit [k] as in kawle [kawle]

XI
English Pulaar
[g] as in go [gow] [g] as in gacce [gacce]
[m] as in meat [miyt] [m] as in mata [mata]
["'b] as in mbaalu ["'baalu]
[n] as in no [now] [n] as in nay [nay]
["d] as in ndiwri ["diwri]
["j] as in njawdi ["jawdi]
[r)] as in gari ioari]
[f] as in foot [fuwt] [f] as in facfo [facfo]
[v] as in vase [veyz]
[0] as in thin [Gin]
[6] as in then [den]
[s] as in sin [sin] [s] as in sago [sago]
[z] as in zone [zown]
[3] as in rouge [ruw3]
[1] as in late [leyt] [1] as in leeso [leeso]
[s] as in show [sow]
[c] as in chin [cin] [c] as in cakka [cakka]
[r] as in rim [rim] [r] as in raayre [raayre]
[h] as in hit [hit] [h] as in haala [haala]
[j] as in jot Dot] D] as in jalo D'alo]
[y] as in yet [yet] [y] as in yeeso [yeeso]
[T] as in Tero [Tero]
[w] as in wet [wet] [w] as in wafdu [wafdu]
[?] as in ha?ay [ha?ay]

NUMERALS

CARDINAL NUMBERS

English Pulaar
1 one goo
2 two dicfi
3 three tati
4 four nay
5 five joy
6 six jeegom (joy e goo)
7 seven jeecficfi (joy e cficfi)
8 eight jeetati (joy e tati)
9 nine jeenay Goy e nay)
10 ten Sappo
11 eleven sappoy goo (sappo e goo)
12 twelve sappoy cficfi (sappo e cficfi)
13 thirteen sappoy tati (sappo e tati)
14 fourteen sappoy nay (sappo e nay)
15 fifteen sappoy joy (sappo e joy)

Xll
 English Pulaar
16 sixteen sappoy jeegom (sappo e joy e goo)
17 seventeen sappoy jeecficfi(sappo e joy e cficfi)
18 eighteen sappoy jeetati (sappo e joy e tati)
19 nineteen sappoy jeenay (sappo e joy e nay)
20 twenty noogaas
30 thirty capancfe tati
40 forty capancfe nay
50 fifty capancfe joy
60 sixty capancfe jeegom
70 seventy capancfe jeecficfi
80 eighty capancfe jeetati
90 ninety capancfe jeenay
100 one hundred teemedere
200 two hundred teemedde cficfi
300 three hundred teemedde tati
400 four hundred teemedde nay
500 five hundred teemedde joy
600 six hundred teemedde jeegom
700 seven hundred teemedde jeecficfi
800 eight hundred teemedde jeetati
900 nine hundred teemedde jeenay
1000 one thousand ujundere
10000 ten thousand ujunnaaji sappo
100000 one hundred thousand ujunnaaji teemedere
1000000 one million miliop
10000000 one billion milyaar

ORDINAL NUMBERS

English Pulaar
1 first gadano
2 second cficfabo
3 third tatabo
4 fourth nayabo
5 fifth joyabo
6 sixth jeegobo
7 seventh jeecfibo
8 eighth jeetabo
9 ninth jeenabo
10 tenth sappobo
11 eleventh sappo e goo?abo
12 twelfth sappo e cficfabo
13 thirteenth sappo e tatabo
14 fourteenth sappo e nayabo
15 fifteenth sappo e joyabo

xiii
 English Pulaar
16 sixteenth sappo e jeegobo
17 seventeenth sappo e jeecfibo
18 eighteenth sappo e jeetabo
19 nineteenth sappo e jeenabo
20 twentieth noogaaso
30 thirtieth capancfe tatabo
40 fortieth capancfe nayabo
50 fiftieth capancfe joyabo
60 sixtieth capancfe jeegobo
70 seventieth capancfe jeecfibo
80 eightieth capancfe jeetabo
90 ninetieth capancfe jeenabo
100 one hundredth battoowo teemedere
200 two hundredth teemedde cficfabo
300 three hundredth teemdedde tatabo
400 four hundredth teemedde nayabo
500 five hundredth teemedde joyabo
600 six hundredth teemedde jeegobo
700 seven hundredth teemedde jeecfibo
800 eight hundredth teemedde jeetabo
900 nine hundredth teemedde jeenabo
1000 one thousandth battoowo ujunere

PUNCTUATION

The semicolon is used to separate words or word groups. The use of the
semicolon indicates a different meaning or a slight variation of the meaning in that the
additional word (group) further specifies the meaning of the entry or shows a different
meaning. The tilda stands for the position of the entry. The comma is used to separate
words or phrases in a series. The period is used to separate the meanings from
illustrations of usage and to mark the end of a sentence. The slash is used to indicate and
separate alternative and equivalent forms. Square brackets indicate pronunciation. Curly
brackets signal borrowings. Parentheses mark the presence of an optional element.

XIV
 ABBREVIATIONS

adj. adjective ord. ordinal number

adv. adverb part. particle
alt. alternative form pi. plural
ar. Arabic poss. possessive marker
comp. comparative pref. prefix
conj. conjunction prep. preposition
dem. demonstrative marker prog. progressive marker
det. determiner pron. pronoun
emph. emphatic particle prov. proverb
eng. English quest. question word
excl. exclamation marker sing. singular
foe. focus particle son. Soninke
fr. French suf. suffix
imperf. imperfective marker super superlative
inter. interrogative particle V. verb
interj. interjection wol. Wolof
let. letter of the alphabet / equivalent forms
n. noun {} borrowing
num. numerical number 11 phonetic form

XV
 The Pulaar Language

DIALECTOLOGY
TULA DIALECTS

A systematic study and analysis of the dialects of Fula and their delimitations is yet
to be conducted. Amott (1970) distinguishes the following dialects:
1) Fuuta Tooro (Senegal)
2) Fuuta Jaloo (Guinea)
3) Maasina (Mali)
4) Sokoto and Western Niger
5) “Central” Northern Nigeria (roughly Katsina, Kano, Zaria, Plateau, Bauchi, and
Bomu Provinces) and Eastern Niger.
6) Adamawa

In the absence of any systematic study, the above classification is necessarily

tentative. Like Fula, the Pulaar dialect is not uniform. Ka (1991) distinguishes three
subvarieties of Pulaar:
1) Fuutankoore (Mauritania, Northern Senegal)
2) Jeerinkoore (Senegal excluding Northern Senegal)
3) Southern Pulaar (Fuladu-Gaabu, South and South East toward Guinea Bissau and
Guinea).

WRITING SYSTEM

Various orthographies have been proposed for the writing of Fula. The initial
formal attempt to designate a writing system for Fula based on the Latin alphabet
occurred at a UNESCO conference held in Bamako, Mali in 1966 from February 28th
through March 6th. Below is listed the alphabet that was formally designated and
adopted as the official alphabet of Fula in Mali, Senegal and Niger.

abbcddefghijklmnmbnndngnynjnoprstuwyy

After this conference, various developments (UNESCO 1971, Baldeh 1981, Noye
1989) of this alphabet have occurred concerning chiefly the representation of the
implosives b, T, cf, the prenasalized consonants ng, nj, nd, mb, the palatal nasal n, the
velar nasal g and vowel length. The implosives are represented in various forms of
which we note the use of capital letters. The representation of the prenasalized
consonants has ranged from sequencing a nasal and the forms that can be prenasalized
(i.e. mb, nd, ng, nj), raising the nasal preceding the voiced obstruent (i.e. "’b, "d, "g, "j),
to duplicating the nasal before the voiced obstruent (i.e. mmb, nnd, nng, nnj). The palatal
nasal has been represented as n or ny. The velar nasal g has been represented by N.
Vowel length is represented by the duplication of the vowel.

XVI
 In this study, the representation of implosives follows their usual representation as
b, T, cf. This adoption is motivated by considerations pertaining to conformity to the
literature on phonetics. In addition, the palatal nasal is represented as n to avoid
conllision because the ny representation may lead to confusion in a writing system that
attempts to show a one to one correspondence between a sound and the symbol used to
represent it. The graphemic representation of prenasalized consonants is a sequence of a
nasal and the form of the prenasalized consonant (i.e. nj) and the phonetic form is
represented with a raised nasal before the obstruent (i.e. "j). This decision is partly
motivated by conformity and partly by pedagogical and clarification considerations. The
distribution of prenasalized consonants is pervasive. However, the sequence of a nasal
and a potential prenasalized form does not always result in prenasalized consonants. For
the nonnative speaker of Pulaar it is difficult to determine when to pronounce a potential
form as a prenasalized consonant or as a regular sequence of a nasal followed by a
voiced obstruent. The provision of the phonetic representation of the prenasalized
consonants will facilitate the task of the nonnative speaker of Pulaar. In addition to the
discrepancies in the types of alphabets used, various differences exist in the
orthographies regarding what morphemes can be attached to roots and the
representation of assimilation processes. In this study, in general, bound morphemes are
included in the word while free morphemes are excluded from the word except in the
case of the negative particle “ni”. The Pulaar alphabet used in this dictionary is displayed
in the following.

abbcdcfefghijklmmbnndngnjnqoprstuwyT

RELEVANT PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGICAL NOTES

CONSONANT AND VOWEL INVENTORY

Consonant Assimilation
Consonant assimilation occurs following the juxtaposition of impermissible
consonant seciuences. The consonantal sequences (tn, dn, cfn, yn, jn, dt, eft, Tt, jt, td, cfd,
jd, tef, def. To, jd, Td) represent some instances of consonant sequences not permitted
in Pulaar. Whenever an impermissible sequence is to result from the juxtaposition of
certain elements, consonant assimilation occurs.

Stress Patterns
The primary stress is not marked in the entries as stress is not a distinctive feature
in Pulaar. Pulaar stress is accounted for by the following generalizations (Niang, 1995
and 1997). The last syllable of the word is never stressed. The first syllable carries the
primary stress if there is no heavy syllable in the word as in (a' du na). The penultimate
syllable is stressed if it is the only heavy syllable in the word as in (ma laa' ao), (da do'r
de). When both first and penult syllables have the same structure CVC, CVV or CVVC,
the primary stress falls on the first syllable as in (ta'l lor de), (baa' waa cfo), (haa'l pu laar
?en). When both first and penult syllables are heavy but with different weight, the
primary stress is placed on the heaviest syllable as in (hal kaa' de), (gaa's to too cfo), (ha'l
ku de). CVVC is heavier than CVV which is heavier than CVC which is heavier than
CV.

xvii
 RELEVANT SYNTACTIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL NOTES

Pulaar is an SVO language. In addition, it is a class language in that agreement

patterns are marked on the basis of the class of the referent. The number of class markers
varies from one dialect to another and, in some cases, within a dialect. The Pulaar dialect
under investigation has twenty-one noun classes.

/vom CLASS MARKERS

Singular
“O” class: includes human referents and loan words
“Ba” class: includes animals
“cfam” class includes liquids, abstract nouns, mass nouns
“cfum” class includes borrowed words without a suffix. It is also considered a neuter
class.
“Ka” class includes various types of objects, abstract nouns
“Kal” class includes liquids in relatively small quantities
“Ki” class includes body parts, plants, grass, abstract nouns
“Ko” class includes body parts, plants, grass
“Nde” class includes objects with certain shapes
“Ndi” class includes uncountables, male animals and birds, augmentatives
“Ndu” class includes cylindrical and circular objects
“Ngal” class includes body parts, birds, trees and plants and their parts, augmentatives
“Nge” class includes cattle, celestial nouns, abstract nouns
“Ngel” class includes singular diminutives
“Ngo” class includes various objects, animals, abstract nouns
“Ngol” class includes long thin entities, animals, nouns of action
“Ngu” class includes insects, worms, fish, animals, collective and abstract nouns

Plural
“be” class includes human plurals
“cfe” class includes animals, objects
“cfi” class includes animals, objects
“Kon/Kon” class includes plural diminutives

XVlll
Consonant Alternation
A number of consonants in the initial position of a word undergo alternation. The
general features of initial consonant alternation (Sylla, 1982) and examples illustrating
this alternation are provided in the following.

sing. f s h r w ? y
1 1 1 \|/|
plur. p c k d b g j

plur. dim. p c k nd mb ng nj

The following data illustrate the above alternation chart.

Sing. Plural Plur. dim. Gloss

facfo pacfe pacfon shoe/s little shoes
sekko cekke cekkon reed/s little reeds
haayre kaaTe kaaTon stone/s little stones
ragalde daiQaale ndaigalon backside /s little backsides

Unlike other consonants that show a one-way alternation between singular and plural,
/w/ and /y/ may have a two-way alternation between singular and plural as illustrated by
the following data.

Singular Plural Plural dim. Gloss

wudere gude ngudon sarong / little sarongs
wowru bobi mbobon mortar / little mortars
yertere gerte ngerton peanut / tiny peanuts
yeeso jeese njeeson face / little faces

The consonants b, cf, T, m, n, 19, n, 1 and t do not alternate. The consonant alternation
may be motivated by number distinctions or distinctions pertaining to diminutive and
augmentative considerations. Such data are illustrated in the following.

Singular Plural Gloss

yeeso jeese face / faces
wudere gude sarong / sarongs

Singular Dim. Augmen. Gloss

facfo pacfel pacfal shoe/ little shoe/ big shoe
hello kellel kellal slap/ little slap/ big slap

XIX
 JL

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES
Nouns
The noun in Pulaar is composed of a root form that is generally followed by the nominal
class marker of the particular noun.

Pronouns
All noun class markers may function as pronouns as in “O nanii, ki yanii, kal rufii.

Verbs
The verb in Pulaar is composed of a root form as in “yar,” “haal.” The infinitive form of
the verb is marked by the addition of the infinitival suffix “de” at the end of the root. For
instance the infinitive of the verb “hel” (break) is “helde” (to break). The verb may also
be subject to consonant alternation if the initial consonant is the type that undergoes
alternation.

Adjectives
The adjective is positioned after the noun that it modifies. The adjective is generally
followed by the noun class suffixed to the adjective as illustrated in the following forms.
sondu (ndu) “bird (the)”
sondu mawndu (ndu) “big bird (the)”

Adverbs
The adverb, is an independent free morpheme. Examples of adverbs include “cfoo”
(here), “cfaa” (there), “toon” (there), “nde” (when).
Adverbs are used as main entries and their presence is indicated by the abbreviation
“adv.”

Prepositions
The preposition, in general, is an independent free morpheme. Examples of prepositions
include “dow” (over, on); “les” (under, underneath, below), “sara” (near).

Determiners
Determiners can be used to signal nouns. All noun class markers may be used as
determiners. Determiners follow the noun they refer to. Determiners are used as main
entries and their presence is indicated by the abbreviation “det.”

ENTRY STRUCTURE
Entries in this dictionary are not structured around the root system approach.
Syntactic categories such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are listed as entries.
The first entry of related forms is bold face and all other related forms appear bold face
and italicized under the first entry item. The choice of this first related form is determined
solely by alphabetical ordering. The same consideration is observed for the following
related forms which are bolded and italicized. Even though no claim is made concerning
the form of the root, the provision of related forms may certainly give an indication of
the shape of the root. Every entry reflects the shape of the morpheme or morphemes

XX
prior to the application of certain processes. So the enti^ "hocfde" is composed of the
morpheme "hod" (live) and the morpheme "de" (infinitival suffix). The pronunciation of
the entire word [hodde] is then provided. Pronunciation in the Pulaar-English dictionary
is provided only when the actual pronunciation differs from the form of the actual entry.
The provision of this pronunciation serves a number of purposes. First, it informs the
user (especially the nonnative speaker of Pulaar) of the actual pronunciation. Second, it
shows various processes that may be useful to the researcher. The organization of entries
is illustrated in the following examples:

accande v. forgive; leave for someone. ~ hakke forgive. Mi accanii ma

gecfalam I am giving you my share, be ngaccanii ma hakke They forgive
you.

accirde v. leave for or with someone. Mi accirii ma cfum I leave it with

you.

accitde [accidde] v. abandon; release. O accitaama hanki He has been

released, cfaccitde alt.

accude v. let go; leave; give up. Accu deeTa Leave it to rest, be ngaccii
simme They gave up smoking.

Prenasalization
Since a nasal and a voiced obstruent sequence does not always result in
prenasalization (i.e. bonande), it is important to indicate instances where prenasalization
occurs. This feature is indicated only in the pronunciation of the entry word.
hombude [hom"’bude] v. hem

Advanced Tongue Root

When relevant, the Advanced Tongue Root feature is marked in the entry and the
actual pronunciation.
addoyde v. go and bring something; fetch. Addoy ndiyam Go and fetch
water.

The provision of the Advanced Tongue Root feature is motivated by the fact that
the misuse of this feature may affect pronunciation and intelligibility.
Following the pronunciation of the particular entry is the noun class for nominals.
amdaare (tide) deliberate action cfum ko amdaare This is a deliberate
action

The nominal class markers are provided because they cannot be easily inferred
from the shape of the word The presence of the nominal class marker signals a nominal
category. In this case, the listing of the syntactic category "n" leads to redundancy.

XXI
 Following the pronunciation and the nominal class (where appropriate) is the
syntactic category of the word,
amdaade v. do deliberately.

Then follows the origin of the borrowed word when known,

amiiru (o) {ar.} chief

When the source of the word is not provided, the entry may be either a Fula word
or a word whose origin is unknown. The source provided attempts to trace the donor
language, that is, from what language a particular word entered Pulaar.

Then are listed the meanings of the entry word as illustrated in the following:
andinde [an"dinde] v. teach; familiarize someone with, impart, notify;
publicize. So a andii andin You should teach what you know.

When the meanings are not related, the different meanings are listed under
different numbers as illustrated in the following example.
baawal (oga!) 1) bird 2) fishing instrument 3) ability. Teeyven do baawal
makko tolnii Let us see what he is capable of

Following the meanings, usage is illustrated by means of idioms, phrases, sentences, and
proverbs.
Idiom illustration
baajol (ngol) strip. ~ leydi snake.

Phrase illustration
baasal (ngal) poverty, wondude e ~ be poor.

Sentence illustration
baafal (ngal) door, uddude ~ close the door, udditde open the door.
~

bubbude slam the door. Uddu baafal ngal Close the door.
~

Proverb illustration
ekkaade v. learn by trial. ~yahde learn the first steps, prov. Mo ekkaaki
yvaawataa A person who does not try will not learn.

Where consonant alternation is involved, the singular, plural, nominal or verbal

form is provided at the end of the entry.
aaludere (nde) kernel; stone. gaaluuDe (de) pi.

Where appropriate, an alternative form of the entry is also listed at the end of the
entry as illustrated in the following:
gacce (de) shame {pi. use only). A dahii gacce Shame on you. kersa (o)
alt

xxii
 DIALECT NOTES FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE

The English dialect used in this dictionary is American English, a variety replete
with variations.

ORTHOGRAPHY AND PRONUNCIATION

ENGLISH ALPHABET

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z

PHONEMES OF AMERICAN ENGLISH

Consonantal phonemes Vowel phonemes
[p] as in pen [iy] as in feet
[b] as in big [i] as in fit
[t] as in ten [+] as in roses
[d] as in desk [ey] as in wait
[k] as in kilt [e] as in wet
[g] as in get [a] as in fat
[f] as in fit [a] as in father
[v] as in vent [ay] as in bite
[0] as in thin [aw] as in about
[6] as in then [0] as in bother
[s] as in sip [ow] as in boat
[z] as in zip [0] as in bought
[s] as in shop [oy] as in boil
[3] as in rouge [u] as in put
[h] as in hit [uw] as in boot
[c] as in chin [A] as in but
[j] as in jet [0] as in better
[m] as in men [0"] as in bird
[n] as in no
[1] as in leaf
[r] as in rim
[w] as in win
[y] as in you

Allophones
[?] as in ow
[D] king
[r] as in better

XXlll
 GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES

Nouns
Nouns are entities used to refer to people, places, events, states, and qualities. They may
be abstract or concrete, count or noncount. Nouns may be used with determiners and
they may be modified by adjectives. Nouns may be subject to number distinctions, gender
distinctions and case marking. The plural morpheme generally used to mark the plural of
English nouns is {-s} which is added at the end of the noun. In this section of the
dictionary, nouns are entered in their singular forms. The abbreviation “n.” signals a
nominal entry

Pronouns
Pronouns are used to replace nouns. Some of the English pronouns listed here may be
personal (I, me, you, him, she, her, it, we, us, they, them), reflexive (myself, yourself,
himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves), possessive (mine, yours, his,
hers, its, ours, theirs), interrogative (who, which, what, whom, whose), relative (who,
whom, which, what, whose, that), indefinite (all, everyone, nobody, someone, one),
demonstrative (this, that, these, those), reciprocal (each other, one another).

Adjectives
Adjectives further specify nouns or pronouns. Adjectives, unlike nouns, are not inflected
for number distinctions. Adjectives precede nouns they modify, can take comparative
and superlative markers and they can be further specified by adverbs. Adjectives are used
as main entries. Both comparative and superlative forms are also used as main entries.
The presence of the abbreviation “adj.” signals an adjectival entry.

Adverbs
Adverbs, in general, are formed by the addition of the suffix -ly to adjectives. Adverbs
may further specify adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. Adverbs are used as main entries and
they are signaled by the abbreviation “adv.”

Prepositions
Prepositions may indicate relationships between a noun, a pronoun and another element
in the sentence. The preposition is also used as a main entry, in which case it is signaled
by the abbreviation “prep.”

XXIV
HIPPOCRENE STANDARD DICTIONARY

PULAAR-ENGLISH
V
a aawde
a proti. you. Ayahii toon You went there,
aa interj. well.
aabde v. be fortunate, be lucky. O mo aabi
He is fortunate. Ebe ngaabi They are
fortunate.
aabnude v. make someone fortunate. A
aabnii mo He became fortunate thanks to
you.
aabru (ndn) excavation. ~ mawnclu big
excavation, gaahi (eft) pi.
aactaade [aaccaade] v. ruminate; chew the
cud aacto chew the cud Edin ngaactoo
They are chewing the cud.
aactere (nde) rumination; chewing of the
cud. gaacte (cfe) pi.
aada (o) custom; tradition. ~ booydo old
tradition, luutndaade ~ disobey tradition.
dum ko aada men That is our tradition.
pi. aadaaji (di).
Aadama (o) male first name; Adam. Baaba
men ~ Adam. O wiyetee ko Aadama His
name is Aadama.
aadee (o) person; being, innama ~ human
being/?/, aadee?en
ahdaade [aadaade] v. promise
ahdande [aadande] v. promise to someone.
A ahdanii mo You made him a promise.
ahdi [aadi]/bj agreement, promise; deadline.
flrtude ~ break a promise. Ahdi firtetaake
You must keep a promise, ahdiiji (di) pi.
ahdondirde [aad6"dirde] v. agree, accord.
En ngaadondirii We have agreed upon it. aarnude v. indicate.
aafde v. place one's hand into a hole.
aaftaade v. dig up, remove from a hole. aawasaagal
Aafto dum Take it out. be ngaaftiima Aawasaagal moTTaani Roguishness is
dum They took it out.
aahde v. divide food; dish out food,
aalaango (ngo) mattress, wertude - spread
a mattress.
aalde v. cover with leather,
aalde (nde) booty.
aalim (o) {ar.} scholar. Ko o aalim
dowludo He is a well known scholar.
aalnude v, shed tears Gite
makko ngaaldii gondi His eyes are watery
aaltaade v. change direction, select. O woni aawre (nde) sowing.
ko e aaltaade He is making a selection, be
ngaaltiima They have made the selection.
aaludere (nde) kernel; stone. Wukkit
aaludere nde Spit out the stone.
gaaluude (de) pi.
aamaare (nge) cow.
aamde v. be lazy. Ko aan aanii You are
lazy. Ebe ngaanti They are lazy.
aantnude v. make lazy A aamnii kam You
have made me lazy.
aamre (nde) laziness. Mbede wondi e
aanire I am lazy.
aamiin amen Mbiyen aantiin Let us say
amen.
aamtude v. smell rotten; smell bad. Edum
aamta It smells bad.
aan pron. you (sing.) Ko aan It is you.
aande v. be in a dilemma. Ko mi gaando I
have a dilemma. Mbecfe aani I have a
dilemma. Ebe ngaani no feeyvi They have
a major a dilemma.
aannude v. put someone in a dilemma. A
aannii mo You put him in a dilemma, be
ngaannii mo They have put him in a
dilemma.
aarabaagal (ngal) Arab pride.
aarabe (o) an Arab. Ko o Aarabe S/He is
Arab.
aarabeere (nde) Arabic. Aarabeere woni
demngal makko His native language is
Arabic.
aarde v. open halfway; open. O woni ko e
aaraade He is opening it halfway.
aas (o) (f^.j ace.
(ttgal) roguishness.
despised.
aawase (o) rogue, thug. Ko o aawase
maw do He is a big thug, aawaseebe (be)
pi
aawaseejo (o) rogue, aawaseebe (be) pi.
aawde v. sow. Mi aawii gawri ndi I sowed
the millet, be ngaawii maaro They sowed
rice.
aawdi (ndi) seeds for sowing. Aawdi
fijirtaake You must not play with sowing
seeds.
aawru (ndu) sowing.
1
aayaade ajjaade

aawtaade v. dig out; scratch around; sow adaadaa {o} race.

again, eden ngaawtoo ngesa mabbe They adaade v. precede. Ko aan adii You
are sowing their farm again. preceded us/you came first. Kambe ngadii
aawtere (tide) something sown again. Min en They preceded us.
ngoni ko e aawtere We are sowing seeds adan first, gila ~ since the beginning.
again. aditaade v. forego; precede; anticipate,
aayaade v. be reduced, cfum aayiima It is
acfcfaade v. heat oneself
reduced, prov. So goo bonii limmore
aayiima One cannot build upon a bad acfde [adde] v. steam dry; dry.
foundation. addande v. bring for. Addan mo ndiyam
aayaare (nde) reduction, cfum ko aayaare Bring him water. Ngaddanee mo laafa
mawnde This is a major loss. makko Bring him his hat.
aayandere [aayandere] (tide) major addorde v. bring with. Addor mo Bring
reduction. him/her with you. Ngaddoree mo Bring
him with you.
aaye (o) Koranic verse; “magical” lotion.
Moomo aaye ma Rub your “magical” addoyde v. go and bring; fetch. Addoy
lotion on your body, aayeeji (cfi) pi ndiyam Go and fetch water.
abaari (o) linen, mater, addude v. bring. Addu mo gaay Bring
him/her here, be ngaddii cfum They
ababo (ko) grass.
brought it.
abada adv. for ever, haa ~ for ever, never.
acfcfere (tide) stool.
Mi jogoraani wacfde cfum haa abada I
will never do it. acfcfitde [acfcfidde] v. defecate O woni koy
acfditde He is defecating, alt. huwde.
abadu (o) {ar.} measurement.
addo (tigo) child gum disease. O mo wondi
abbaade v. follow; trail. Abbo mo Follow
e addo He is suffering from gum disease.
him/her.
addooji (cfi) pi.
abbitaade v. follow again, suffer the results
aduna (o) world, adunaaji (cfi) pi.
of Abbito mo Go after him/her.
afara (o) barbecued meat ~ belcfo tasty
abbondirde v. follow one another; move
barbecued meat afaraaji (cfi) pi.
closer to.
aflaade v. use as a pillow. Aflo cfoo Use
abbo (o) father. ~ Miiusa Muusa’s father,
this as a pillow. Ngaflo cfee Rest your
abbere (tide) grain. ~ gawri millet grain. head on a pillow.
cfum ko abbere It is a grain, gabbe (cfe)
afo (o) first bom. Hawnvaa ko afo makko
pi.
Hawwa is her first born.
abiyol] (o) airoplane abiyoljaaji (cfi) pi.
afal (tigal) useless first born.
jolde e ~ board a plane,
Afirik (o) Africa, duunde ~ the African
abugo (tigo) cheek, alt. gabgal (tigal) gable
continent.
(cfe) pi.
afiriknaajo (o) African afriknaabe (be) pi.
accande v. forgive; leave for someone. ~
hakke forgive. Mi accanii ma gecfalam I aga (o) herdsman.
am leaving my share for you. be ngaccanii aggitaade v. fall from; be removed from.
ma hakke They forgive you. aggitde [aggidde] v. pull, dig up. O woni ko
accirde v. leave for or with someone. Mi e aggitde hiire makko He is pulling his
accirii ma cfum I leave it with you. tooth up. alt. cfuggitde.
accitde [accidde] v. abandon; release. O aggutere (tide) molar alt. aggitere (tide),
cfaccitaama He has been released, alt gaggutte (cfe) pi.
Cfaccitde. ahde [aade] v. belch. O ahii He belched.
accude v. let; leave; give up Accu deeTa ahre [aare] (tide) belching.
Let it rest, be ngaccii simme They gave ajjaade v. lay on one’s back Ajjo Lay on
up smoking. your back, be ngajjiima They are laying
acfa pers. proti. you are (progressive). Acfa on their backs.
yiya Do you see.
aksida
anande

ajjinde v. make lay on the back. Ajjin mo allaadu (ndu) horn. ~ ngaari the horn of an
Make him lay on his back. ox. gallaadi (di) pi
aksida (o) {fr.} accident; collision. O wadii alluki (ki) tree.
aksida He had an accident. alluwal (ngal) wooden tablet used for
alaa (o) no. O wii alaa He said no. writing, alluuje (de) pi
alaasara (o) late afternoon, almaade v. lead.
alamaan (o) fine; tax; duty, fawde ~ fine a almaanti (o) {ar.} imam; chief of Fuuta.
person. O yodii alamaan (o) He paid the almameebe (be) pi
fine. almet (o) {fr.} box of matches, almetaaji
alambanaare (nde) zebra. (di) pi
alambe (be) Soninke people galamho (o) almuudo (o) student; adept; disciple. ~ maa
sing. your student alnmube (be) pi.
alarba (o) {ar.j Wednesday. Hanki altine (o) {ar.} Monday.
wonnoo alarba Yesterday was alyatiimu (o) {ar.} orphan. Muusaa ko
Wednesday. alyatiimu Muusa is an orphan, pi
albaade v. eat without chewing; offend. alytimeebe (be).
cfaccu albaade Chew your food before -am poss. pron. my. hoorani my head, ko ~
swallowing it. mine, boor- hoor- egoism.
albarka thank you Alharka maa I thank ambilaas [am™bilaas] {fr.} ambulance, be
you. njolnii mo e nder ambilaas They put him
aide V. place animals in a hedged area. in an ambulance.
alcfinde v. enrich, be ngalcfinii mo They ambaasadeer [am"'basadeer]/bj {fr.}
made him rich. ambassador.
alcfude V. be wealthy. O alcfii He has ambude [am'^bude] v. isolate, prevent; build
become wealthy. a dike.
alet (o) Sunday. Hande ko alet Today is amdaade v. do deliberately. O amdi He did
Sunday. it deliberately.
Alfaa (o) learned Muslim scholar, chief O amdaare (nde) deliberate action, dum ko
wiyetee ko Alfaa His name is Alfaa. amdaare This is a deliberate action.
alhaali (o) {ar.} matter, (fum wonaa amde v. dance. O amii S/he danced, be
alhaali maa That is not your concern. ngamii They danced.
Alhajji (o) pilgrim, amdude v. dance with. Amdu e makko
alhamdulillaay thanks to god. Dance with him/her.
aljanna (o) paradise; heaven, naatde 7 go amnude v. make someone dance Amnu mo
to heaven O naatii aljanna He is in Make him dance, be ngamnii mawbe
heaven aljannaaji (cfi) pi They made the elderly dance.
aljumaa (o) {ar.}
Friday. Hande ko amen poss. pron. our (postposed). maaro ~
aljumaa Today is Friday, aljuntaaji (di) our rice.
pi. amiiru (o) chief
alkaali (o) judge. Ko o alkaali S/he is a amin pers. pron. we are. Amin njaha We
judge. are leaving.
alkabeere (nde) stirrup alkabeeje (de) pi. amminde v. show; delineate. Amminam
alkamiisa (o) {ar.} Thursday, hoi to koddaa Give me directions to your
alkol (o) {fr.} alcohol yarde ~ drink residence.
alcohol. amo (ngo) flood, amdoji (di) pi Amo
alkulal (ngal) letter of the alphabet. ~ sinkant The flood of 1950.
muumal vowel ~ tekkinaangal geminate. amre (nde) tortoise; turtle.
alkule (de) pi amumal (ngal) chicken pox; rash.
Alla Allah; God. ~ meho free, gratis, anande v. be jealous of
allaade v. stumble.

3
andaaka
ande [anje] v. abhor, disdain; loathe; scorn;
detest; hate, resent.
ahondirde [an6"dirde] v. hate one another.
ganondiral (ngal).
antude [ancude] v. hate forever. Mi aiitii
cfuntl hate it forever.
andaaka [an"daaka] adj. unknown;
anonymous. O andaaka He is unknown.
andande [anMande] v, know about
someone. O mo andan maa He knows
about you.
andinde [an"dinde] v. teach, familiarize
someone with; impart; notify; ventilate;
publicize. So a andii andin You should
share what you know.
anditde [an"didde] v. recognize.
andude [an"dude] v. know; learn, gandal
(ngal).
ande [anMe] (nde) slice; piece. ~ liingu a
slice of fish.
ande v. cut fish into pieces; slice, be
obscure.
andoonde [an"doode] (nde) small fish. Mi
jaggii andoonde I caught a small fish.
gandoocfe (de) pL
angale [ai]"gale] (o) {fr.} English,
angare [aI3"gare] (o) {fr.} fertilizer,
angere [aI3"gere] (nde) restlessness due to
suffering.
angude [aI3"gude] v. be restless because of
suffering.
angisaade [a"gisaade] v.
annabi (o) prophet. ~ lisaa Jesus Christ.
annabaabe (be) pi annabiiji (o) alt.
annama (o) image; concept; like; design.
anneere (nde) grave. Mi yii anneere
makko I saw his grave, ganneeje (de) pi.
anniya (o) intent, intention. ~ nioTTo good
intention.
anniyaade v. intend, decide. Mi anniyiinta
I have decided, anniyaaji (di) pi
annoore (nde) brightness.
aparante (o) {fr.} assistant to a mechanic or
a driver
araaraay (o) flag, araaraayuuji (di) pi
arande v. come for. Aran mo Come for
him
arani (o) alien; foreigner; immigrant,
outsider Muusaa ko arani Muusaa is a
foreigner.
askinde
ardaade v. head; govern; manage; preside,
lead; precede. Ardo njuulen Lead the
prayer, gardagol (ngol).
arde v. come. Ar gaay Come here, be
ngarii They came, garaangal (ngal).
ardinde v. place in front of
arditaade v. lead again.
ardude v. come with. Ardu e jom galle
maa Come with your husband.
artirde v. return something or someone;
repatriate. Artir defteram Return my
book, be ngartirii mo They brought him
back, gartirgol (ngol).
artude v. return; come back. Artu do
njeyadaa Return to where you belong.
gartugol (ngol).
arcfo (o) chief
ari inter}, sound used to make a donkey
walk.
arkille (o) mosquito net. diilaade ~ set a
mosquito net. diiltaade ~ bring a mosquito
net down.
armoor {o} book shelf
arsi (o) {ar.} Heaven.
arsuku (o) fortunate profit arsukaaji (di)
pi
arwan first (beginning),
anvude v. {fr.} be successful, pass. O anvii
He passed (the exam), be nganvii They
passed the exam,
asaade v. dig itself, be deep.
asabere (nde) hole holding water.
asande v. dig for someone, ngaska (ka).
asde V. drill; excavate; dig. Asanam ngaska
Dig a hole for me. ngaska (ka).
asnude v. make someone dig.
asaale (de) thighs, asangal (ngal) sing.
asakal (ngal) tithe.
asamaan (o) {ar.} sky. ~ laabdo clear sky.
asamaanuuji (di) pi
asangal [asa"gal] (ngal) thigh.
aset (o) Saturday. Hande ko aset Today is
Saturday.
askinde v. tell the genealogy of someone.
Askin mo Tell his genealogy.
askitinaade v. tell one's own genealogy.
asko (ngo) pedigree, lineage; genealogy.
andude ~ mum know one’s genealogy.
askude v. levy a tithe
4
asli ayyiiba

asli (o) origin. Hoi ko woni asli maa What ayaa (o) sound for chasing birds off fields.
is your origin? Lasli (o) alt. O wii ayaa He made the ayaa sound.
aslude v. lend aybanduru [ayba"duru]f>7i/wj greediness.
aspirin (o) {fr.} an aspirin tablet. ayhinde v. discredit; disrespect; accuse
aspirinaaji (di) pi. someone of greed. A aybinii mo You
asri (o) third daily prayer. Njuulen asri Let showed him disrespect.
us pray the third daily prayer, aybude v. be greedy. Ko Muusaa aybi
ataaye (o) {ar.j tea. atayuuji (di) pi. Muusaa is very greedy.
atturu (ndu) dread; dreadlocks. aylude v. take animals to graze.
awde V. fish, trawl. Oman awa He is aynaaynaare (nde) herdmans' share.
fishing. ayninde v. make someone herd.
awnude v. make someone fish. aynoyde v. go herding. O aynoyii He went
awo (ngo) fishing, ~ e ngaynaaka fishing herding.
and farming; agriculture. aynude v. herd, take care of Aynu ndeena
awTal (ngal) oar; paddle. AwTal maa nani Take care of the herd.
Here is your paddle. ayto (ago) fever; flu. Mbede wondi e ayto I
aw Tirgal (ugal) paddle aw Tirde (de) pi. am feverish.
awTitde [awTidde] v. agitate. aTTere (tide) break; blow.
awToowo (o) person who paddles; paddler. aTTude v. break by pounding
awTude v. paddle. Omon awTa He is ayyiiba (o) vice. Ayyiiba muTTaani Vice
paddling. is bad. ayyibaaji (di) pi.
awlude v. flatter. Hande mi awlu maa I
will praise you today.

5
ba bakde
Je.

ba del. 1) the. mbabba ba the donkey 2) baasi (o) {wol.} dish made with a light
last name. peanut butter sause and couscous.
baaba (o) father. ~ maa your father. ~ galle baata (o) full moon,
father; head of the household. ~ mawdb baatarp adj. ugly.
old father; grandfather, baabiraacfo (o) baawal (ngal) 1) type of bird 2) fishing
father; dad. instrument 3) ability. Teeyven do bamval
baabaade v. threaten, cfaccu ko mbaaboto makko tolnii Let us see what he is capable
(faa ko Stop those threats, of
baabagol (ngol) threat. baawde (de) power.
baabatti (di) locusts mbaabattu (ugu) baawdo adj. able, alaa - No one can do it.
sing. baayaade v. submit,
baacfe (de) ant hills, waande (nde) sing. baayo (o) orphan alt. baaye (o).
baacfiraacfo (o) nephew; niece (one's bablaali (di) loud and unclear talks.
sister's child). Ko o baadam He is my
bablude v. speak loudly and unclearly.
nephew.
baafal (ngal) door, uddude ~ close a door. bablugol (ngol) loud and unclear talk.
udditde ~ open a door, bubbude ~ slam a bacce (de) fish scales. Rufbacce de Throw
door, aarde ~ open the door half way. the fish scales away, waccere (nde) sing,
Uddu baafal ngal Close the door, baccude v. scale. O woni ko baccude liingu
baag (o) {f^.} ferry boat, be taccinirii oto ngu He is scaling the fish,
o baag They used a ferry boat to get the baddi (ki) tree.
car across the river. baddo adj. young. - kecco very young.
baagal (ngal) bucket for drawing water. bacfcfo (o) doer; performer. - bone evil
jolnude - jiggle a bucket down into a well. doer.
sefde - draw water from a well. badoowo (o) doer. - jam a person who
baajol (ngol) strip. - leydi snake, be performs good deeds. - bonande/bone
kabbiri ledde de baaji They tied the person with evil deeds.
woods with strips, baaji (di) pi. badiane [battane] (de) end. - mo Tie. a
baalel (ngel) little sheep. happy ending.
baali (di) sheep, mbaalu (ngii) sing. badiano [battano] adj. final; ultimate.
baami (di) fibers used for false hair, badtindiido [batti"diicfo] (o) last; latter;
baamuule (de) cemetery, be nawii mo final Ko kanko wadiindii arde He arrived
baamuule They took him to the cemetery last.
for burial. baggel (ngel) little drum. - ibliis devil’s
baanabaana (o) peddler Ko o baanabaana drum.
He is a peddler, baggol adj. young.
baanaaru (o) herder. bagi (o) fabric, textile. Mi sooda nii mo
baane (de) clouds. Baahe de ndendii The bagi o I bought the fabric for him. bagiiji
clouds have gathered, pi.
baapefc^j leafy bush. babe (de) 1) beards 2) pieces of wood tied
baarol (ngol) farm land; field; small together wahre (nde) sing.
excavation, dum ko baarolam This is my bajjo adj. unique, gooto - one and only. Ko
farm. o bajjo She is their only child. Petto alt.
baasal (ngal) poverty, wondude e - be baka (o) blue cloth. - rombal blue dyed
poor. Baasal moTTaani Poverty is not gown.
good. bakane (de) trunks, wakande (nde) sing.
baasdo adj. poor. Ko o baasdo He is poor. bakani (ki) type of tree,
bakde v. dye blue.

6
bakkaat barmande

bakkaat (o) sin cfum ko bakkaat It is a sin. banda [ban"da] (o) {fr.} tape, fayvde ~ play
bakkodinde v. sin; transgress A bakkodini a tape. Fayvanam banda o Play this tape
You committed a sin. for me.
bakkddincfo adj. sinful, bandaas [ban"daas] (o) {fr.} bandage. Filtu
bakke (de) 1) leftovers 2) snott. bandaas o Remove the bandage.
bakkiliicfo adj. resolute, bandi [ban"di] (o) {fr.} thug. Ko o bandi
He is a thug.
bakki (di) gowns.
bandiraacfo [ba"diraacfo] (o) relative. ~
bal (o) {fr.} balloon; h2\\. fettude ~ kick the debbo sister. ~ gorko brother.
ball; play soccer, jaggude ~ catch the ball.
Werlo bal o Throw the ball. bandiraagal [ba''diraagal] (ngal) kinship
relationship.
bala (o) fish,
banke [bafjke] (o) {fr.} bank. O liggotoo
balaade v. hoe. ko e banke He works in a bank.
balanji (di) xylophone. bandotoocfo [ban"dotoocfo] (o) fisherman,
balankaar [balal]kaar] (o) (fr.) stretcher. bange [bagge] (o) flank; side. ~ goddo
Njolnee mo e balankaar o Place him in elsewhere. ~ nano left side. ~ naamo the
the stretcher. right side.
balayse (de) {fr.} scales. ~ ka^T)e scales for banna (o) male first name,
weighing gold.
bannude v. load a gun.
balcfe (de) days. ~ juutde a long life. ~
bantal] (ki) tree.
dabbe short life. Yo Alla rokku mo balde
juutde May he live long. Hande wadi bantil3eewi (ki) tree,
balde nay It has been four days, nalawma bantude v. be finished,
(o) sing. bal] bal] ru (ndu) tomcat, ullundu ~
bailaade v. reach with the arm. Ballo tomcat.
koppu o Reach for the cup. bappaano (o) step father; uncle,
ballotoodo (o) person who reaches, bara (o) grass.
ballal (ngal) help; assistance. ~ mawngal baraaji (di) blessings; awards; benediction.
major help. Mbede sokli ballal maa I A daitii baraaji You have gained God’s
need your help. Ballal maa ina soklaa no blessings.
feeyvi Your help is really needed. baraale (de) currents, yvaraango (ngo)
ballooyvo (o) helper. Ko o balloowo no sing.
feeyvi S/He is very helpful, barak (o) {fr.} shanty; shack. O hodi ko e
ballifaagol (ngol) writing, barak He lives in a shack,
balol (ngol) ridge. baramlefol (ngol) tree leaf baramlefi (di)
baltirgal (ngal) drain pipe; gutter. '-Julngal pi.
a leaking pipe. baras (o) leprosy; smallpox, yvondude e ~
balToowo (o) person who spits. have leprosy.
balTugol (ngol) the act of spitting out. barigal (ngal) tun. ~ tokosal keg.
balTude v. spit out. barja (o) barter, trade by barter, haadi
bamcfi (di) \) donkeys 2) lice mbabba (ba) haada alt.
sing. barke (de) {ar.} blessings. Yo Alla yvade
bamfaro (o) shaft; arrow, maa barke May Allah bless you.
bambaacfo [bam'"baacfo] (o) griot. Ko o barkinde v. be blessed. O mo barkini He is
bambaado He belongs to the griot caste, blessed.
bambu [bam"'bu] (ngu) cloth used for tying barkeewi (ki) tree,
a child on one's back alt. Mbambu (ngu). barki (ki) tree.
banaade v. sniff, smell, barmande [barman"de] (nde) wound.
banaana (o) {fr.} banana, bdoltude ~ peel barme (o) wound
a banana. O mo yidi banaana He likes barminde v. wound seriously,
bananas. barmude v. be wounded seriously.

7
barme bi

barme (o) 1) cooking pot 2) wound. beelel (ngel) small pond; small shade, beeli
toggude ~ start cooking, dirtude ~ (fi) pi
remove the pot from the fire. Barme maa beel6l (tigol) shade; soul, ownude ~ neffo
sumii Your food is burning, barmeeji (cfi) make life difficult for someone.
pi beemcfo adj. tomfool; stupid neffo ~ a
baroocfe (de) fauna. ~ ladde wild animals. stupid person. Ko o beemfo He is stupid.
~ ladde wild animals, mbaroodi (tidi) sing.beembal [bem"'bal] (ngal) large space
baroowo (o) killer. Ko o baroowo He is a reserved for farming.
killer. beere (o) {fr.} beret, boornaade ~ wear a
basalle (cfe) onions, wasalde (tide) sing. beret.
basawal (ngal) lizard, bees (o) title.
basel (ngel) little bag. beetawe (o) morning. ~ jango tomorrow
bata (o) bag. morning.
batde [badde] v. 1) court; surround 2) hold belcfo adj. pleasant; sweet. ~ Hi Tam
a meeting. affable person, neffo ~ a pleasant
batilo (o) courtier; flatterer. individual.
batirde (tide) meeting place; venue. beltagol (tigol) happiness; satisfaction alt.
iveltaare (tide).
batoowo (o) participant in a meeting.
beltiifo adj. happy; fain, glad; merry,
batu (tigit) meeting. Batu ngu fusi The
prolate.
meeting is over.
belg6l (tigdl) muddy area.
batuuji (cfi) sing.
bempeTTe (fe) waves. wemfeTere (nde)
batiri (o) (fr.) battery. Batiri o gasii The
sing.
battery is weak.
berfo adj. tired
batte (fe) traces, hay ~ nothing.
berko (tigo) leveling.
battinde v. leave a trace, fum battinii It left
a trace. berkude v. flatten; level. O woni ko e
bawcfi (cfi) drums, fiide ~ hit the drums;
berkude He is levelling the floor.
play the music mbaggu (ngu) sing. bettude v. surprise. O bettu mo He caught
him by surprise.
bawlude v. {ar.} urinate.
baylagol (tigol) mutation; metamorphosis;
bettugol (tigdl) surprise.
variation; change. bewde v. be spoiled. A fa beyvi You are a
bayliicfo adj. changed person. O wayliima spoiled brat.
no feeyvi He has changed so much. bewnude v. pamper; spoil. Ko aan beivni
baylo (o) blacksmith. Ko o baylo He mo You spoiled him.
belongs to the Smith caste. beivre (nde) act of being spoiled. Beivre
bayloowo (o) person who makes changes. burtunde moTTaani Excessive care is
bad.
baylugol (tigol) alteration; change.
bey (fi) goats, mbeeiva (ba) sing.
bay 161 (tigol) bow, musical instrument. O
mo waaMfi baylol He is a skilled bow beyaat (o) second clearance of weeds, be
player. ngoni ko e beyaat They are clearing the
weeds for the second time.
bayndndiral (ngal) good-bye; farewell.
Baynondiral ina muusi It is not easy to beytaade v. clear weeds a second time
around.
say good-bye. waynaade v.
bayral (ngal) absence, beytoowo (o) singer of religious poems.
beccal (ngal) rib
beytude v. sing religious poems. O woni ko
e beytude He is singing religious songs.
becce (fe) torso; chest, ribs,
beytugol (tigdl) the singing of religious
beddal (ngal) 1) lock 2) jump,
songs.
bedek (o) {wol.} lead. bi (o) {fr.} goal.
bed6I (tigdl) umbilical cord.

8
bidaa bonande

bidaa (o) belief (outside Islam); taboo. bittoowo (o) researcher. ~ hanki men
(fum ko bidaa It is taboo. historian.
bifirgal (rigal) fan. biwaade v. resist; jump around.
biftaade v. snatch. O bifti cfum He biwaango [biwaa^go] (ngo) resistance.
snatched it away. alt. diftaade. biye (o) {fr.} ticket. Hoi to biye maa woni
biiwol (ngol) diaphragm. Where is your ticket?
bikkitaade v. free oneself or one’s hand biTTe (de) cotton seeds wiTTere (nde)
abruptly. Bikkito Free your hand. sing.
bikkitde [bikkidde] v. free something bobbaade v. fall.
suddenly. bobbude V. make fall,
bilanka [bilagka] (o) carrier. Ko o bilanka bobori (ki) tree.
He works as a carrier.
bocfeejo adj. red. Ko o bodeejo He is light-
bilbilel (tigel) a bat. skinned. Ina wojji It is red.
bilde V. roof be ngoni ko e bilde hubeere bojel (ngel) little rabbit.
nde They are roofing the house.
bojjude V. crush; pound ~ tamaate crush
bilngo [biPgo] (ngo) roofing. tomatoes.
bile (de) traps. ~ mehe empty traps. bokol (ngdl) neck,
tuufaade ~ lay traps, wilde (nde) sing. bol (o) fish.
bileejo (o) charlatan. Ko o bileejo He is a bolce (de) vomited milk,
charlatan.
boleeru (ndu) vestibule; hall; lobby,
billal (ngal) big snake, bille (de) pi.
bob (d) paths; ways.
bimbi [bim^’bi] (di) morning,
bolol (ngdl) path; way. rewde ~ follow the
bine (de) honey comb, path. Yah bolol maa This is not your
bineegara (o) (fr.) vinegar, beydu been business.
bineegara mbele ina safa Add vinegar to boliiru (ndu) gourd,
make it tasty.
bolle (de) speech; talk,
bindol [bin"d61] (ngdl) notation; writing. ~
bolol] (o) gourd. Yuppu dam e nder bolop
joodngol calligraphy.
o Pour it in the gourd.
bindoowo [bin"doowo] (o) writer. Ko o
bompileede v. be blinded by a shock; be
bindoowo S/He is a writer.
bewildered. Ko o bompilaadb He is
bindudb [bin"duCfo] (o) author, bewildered.
bippameernoo (o) big mosquito, bonakitangel (ngel) insect,
bippude V. pull. Hoi to bippu Do not pull bonande (nde) damage; mess; waste;
it. tragedy, havoc; destruction, dum ko
birgude v. frisk; frolic; prance, cavort, bonande It is a waste.
biro (o) {fr.} office, dawde ~ go to work at bonde v. be bad. ~ jikku misbehave. ~
one’s office in the morning. Hoi to biro mbalndi be unable to sleep still.
maa woni Where is your office? birooji bon do adj. bad, evil; hostile; nasty, mean.
(di) pi. neddo ~ a bad person.
bisaade v. fish. bone (o) danger, harm reentaade. ~ get
bisimilla (o) far.} welcome Bisimilla maa away from danger; be careful, boneeji (di)
welcome! pi
bismaade v. (ar.j welcome, say God's bonnanaado (o) victim.
name; recite verses for protection. bonnande v. spoil for someone; mess things
bismillaay in the name of Allah, up for someone. A bonnanii mo You
biskalet (o) (fr.} bicycle, waddaade ~ sit messed things up for him
on a bike, dognude ~ ride a bike, bonnitaade v. urinate or defecate on one's
biskitde [biskidde] v. belittle; discredit, clothing.
bitik (o) {fr.} store; shop, bitikaaji (di) pi. bdnnitde v. denigrate; vilify; debase; spoil
again.
bittol (ngdl) belly fold.

9
boobo
bonnoowo (o) malefactor.
bonnude v. spoil; tarnish; impair; pervert;
ravage; spoliate.
boobo (o) kid; child. ~ jam a good child. ~
bone a bad child. Boobo ina foti hecfaade
mawbe mum A child should listen to his
elders.
bool (o) tin bowl.
boolumbal [b661u"'bal] (ngal) bird,
boom in fact,
boomaade v. be ruined.
boomaare (nde) ruin; pogrom; calamity;
catastrophe. ~ mawnde a major
catastrophe.
boomde v. decimate; ruin; destroy.
boosde V. abort; miscarry. O boosii She
miscarried.
boosgol (tigol) abortion,
boot (o) bag; sack.
boowal (ngal) exterior; outside, outdoors.
yahde ~ go outside, boowe (de) pi.
borde v. dye. O ^voni ko e borde comci di
He is dyeing the clothes.
bom (ngu) dye; indigo,
bordolol (ngol) big intestine,
bordoocfe (de) lamb or goat waste,
borjol] (o) rogue,
boroode (nde) (f^.j embroidery,
botoboto (o) feast organized by children,
bottaari (ndi) lunch, rottude ~ serve lunch.
defde ~ cook lunch, deftude ~ complete
the process of lunch cooking. Bottaari
maa nani Here is your lunch,
bowte (de) rain outside rainy season,
boy (o) jackal,
boyde v. escape; catch fire,
boyet (o) (f^.j carton; box. boyetaaji (di)
pi.
boyli (di) wells, woyndu (ndu) sing,
boyngel (ngel) little well,
boyli (ki) type of tree.
10
buy
bubbude v. slam. Hoi to bubbu baafe de'
Do not slam the doors,
bubal (ngal) thigh; hip. buhe (de) pi.
bujubuju (o) fry; young fish,
bukde V. tighten.
bulde V. color blue O woni ko e bulde'
comci di He is dyeing the clothes blue.
bulo (o) blue.
bumangal [buma"gal] (ngal) pollen,
bunaa (o) dried fish, niiri e ~ SL millet and
dried fish dish. Mi yidaa bunaa I do not
like dried fish.
bul]ee (o) monkey,
bunna (o) anus,
burdaama (o) cow.
burli (ki) tree.
burlol (ngol) chain of pearls.
burwet (o) (Jr.j wheelbarrow, yuppude ~
mum empty one’s wheelbarrow.
butel (o) (fr.j bottle ~ sangara a bottle of
wine butelaaji (di) pi.
butol] (o) (fr.} button nebbude ~aaji
button up. nebbitde ~aaji unbutton.
butoljaaji (di) pi.
butut (o) until.
buubaa (o) talking drum, fiide ~ play the
talking drum. Oman fiya buubaa He is
playing the talking drum.
buubi (di) flies, mbuubu (ngu) sing.
buuditaade v. be overcooked into pieces,
buumde v. cover completely.
buunal (ngal) bird. ~ daTTe a stupid or
useless person.
buur (o) (wol.) king,
buurnaade v. make a fire,
buurtol (ngol) ravine.
buuse (o) (fr.) butcher. Ko o buuse He is a
butcher.
buutufal (ngal) doomsday.
buy adv. very yellow. E dum ooldi buy It
is really yellow.
baaftude bammude

b
baaftude v. take a big handful of. O baaftii badtinde [battinde] v. bring near.
maaro ko He took a big handful of rice, badtondirde [batt6"dirde] v. be near. E cfi
baagaade v. insinuate. badtondiri They are close.
baaraade v. lean against; rely on. baaro e bafde V. move while sitting.
balal ngal Lean on the wall. bafgol (ngdl) movement while sitting,
baaragol (tigdl) leaning against. bagde V. threaten.
baarde v. lean against; rely on. Ko e maa o bagoore (nde) threat,
baarii He relies on you.
bakkaade v. be stuck to.
baargol (ngdl) leaning against.
bakkere (nde) clay; mire; shale, vaud.jiibde
baarondirde [baar6"dirde] v. lean on each bakke mix into mud. prov. bakke
other, assist each other. mahetee ko gila ecfe ngoni kecce Strike
baaroowo (o) person who leans something the hammer while the iron is hot.
somewhere. bakkitde [bakkidde] v. remove stick.
baartude v. remove from a leaning position. cfakkitde ah.
baarto e balal ngal Stay away from the bakkude v. stick on, accuse. O bakki cfum
wall. e makko He blamed it on him.
baasde v. pin. bakdiinde v. be muddy. Ina bakolini It is
baatde [baadde] v. rub dirt on someone, muddy.
accuse. 0 baati cfum e makko He balal (nga!) wall. b(de (cfe) pi
accused him of the offense.
baleejo adj. black, negro. - kurum very
baatgdl (ngdl) rubbing, black, necfcfo - a person of African
baawo (ngo) 1) rectum 2) after; back; decent. Ko o baleejo S/He is black.
behind.-the day after tomorrow. bkdeeri (ndi) black color; type of millet.
Ma mi yah toon baayvo jango I will go baleyvdl (ngdl) blackness,
there tomorrow, baawooji (cfi) pi.
ballaade v. get/be close ballo Come closer.
baawotel in three days. Itaa - in three days.
fkdlinde v. make close, ballin mo cfum
baaTde [baajje] v. make a discrete sign; Bring it closer to him.
sign. O woni ko e baa Tile mo He is
ballitaade v. get closer. Ngonmi ko e
attempting to get his attention,
ballitaade I am getting closer,
babbitaade v. be detached from.
balnude v. be stout 0 mo balni He is big.
babhitde [babbitde] v. detach from.
bamaade v. be pretty. Safi ina bamii Safi
bahhiteede v. be detached, is pretty.
babbo (ngo) bird backside. 0 fetti ndu ko e bamde v. take prov. bamde ko faala
bahho ngo He hit the bird on the backside. jeyaaka e nguyka Taking what you need
badaade v. be close fucfnaange badiicfo does not mean stealing.
the Near East, bado Get close. Ina badii bamoowo (o) person who takes away.
It is close.
bamtaade v. 1) be successful; thrive;
badagol (ngdl) proximity, closeness. progress 2) be raised. O mo bamtii He is
badinde v. bring close, badin mo cfum successful.
•Bring it close to him. bamtaare (nde) success, cfum ko bamtaare
baddndiral [bad6"diral] (nga!) proximity. mawnde That is a major success.
badondirde [bad6"dirde] v. be close to one bamtiicfo adj. successful person
another amin badondiri We live close to bamtude v. lift; retake Mo bamti gacfa
one another. faahuru ne faati ko leydi If you lift the
badtaade [battaade] v. approach, be close bottom of the frog it will return the ground
to, come close En battiima wuro ngo We (help those who help themselves).
are getting close to the town. bammude v. hit.
badtiicfo [battiicfo] adj. proximate.
bande beydaade

bande [ban"de] (nde) haft. ~ jambere the
haft of an ax bane (cfe) pi.
bandu [ban"du] (ndu) body. ~ mehru a
naked body. ~ muusooru a body that
aches. Wuj dum e bandu maa Rub it on
your body, balli (cfi) pi.
balnude v. be big.
baQnude v, be known,
bappaade v. fall.
bappidde [bappidde] v. be low/flat.
bappinaade v. subside,
barfinaade v. sit flat on one's bottom.
barfinande [barfinan"de] (nde) the act of
sitting flat on one's bottom,
basde v. mend; weld; patch, basanam
jamberam nde Weld my ax for me.
basirgal (ngal) tool for mending. A helii
basirgalam You broke my tool.
basondirde [baso"dirde] v. weld, put
together.
basoowo (o) mender, welder. Ko o
basoowo He is a welder.
bataake (o) letter. ~ jam a letter with good
news, hebde ~ receive a letter, jaabtaade
~ reply to a letter, neldude ~ send a letter.
jolnude ~ mail a letter. Jolnu bataake o
Mail the letter.
bawlinaade v. blacken oneself
bawlinde v. blacken. ~ yeeso have an angry
look, cfaccu bawHnde yeeso Do not show
an angry face.
bawlude v. be black; become black. Ina
bawli It is black.
bawlugol (ngol) blackness baletvol (ngol) bernude v. be angry; be upset. Ko o
alt.
bayde v. 1) be attractive 2) be damp. Ndaw bescfo (o) person who has given birth; an
ko bayi People like him.
bayre (nde) charm for attraction. O mo
wondi e bayre He has a charm for besngu (ngii) family; offspring. No besngu
attraction.
bayo (ngo) moisture, dampness.
bayto (ngo) dampness; moisture.
baytude v. be damp. Ina bayti It is damp.
bayri conj. since; as. Njahen bayri o alaa betgol (ngol) measurement.
doo Let us leave since he is not here.
bayde alt
be det. the, they, yimbe ~ the people, be
ngarii They arrived.
bee det. these. ~ yimbe these people.
bey a det. those, yimbe ~ those individuals.
beebde v. be dry. dum beebii It is drying
up.
beebi (di) area that dries last beebiiji (di)
pi
beebo (ngo) draining.
beebre (nde) drained area.
beesoo (o) fish.
beeynaade v. steal.
belle (de) fat. bellere (nde) sing.
bellere (nde) fat. belle (de) plur.
bellinde v. fatten; be fat. O mo bellini He is
fat.
bellindo adj. plump; obese; fat.
bendinde [ben"dinde] v. make cook; make
ripe.
bendude [ben"dude] v. be ripe, be cooked;
maturate. Maaro ko bendii The rice is
cooked.
bendudo adj. [ben"ducfo] 1) cooked 2)
mature.
benninde v. implement. ~ deyvgal wed;
marry. O benninii deyvgal He just got
married.
bennitde [bennidde] v. pass again.
bennude v. pass; elapse; go past, dum
bennii It has happened.
bennudo adj. previous. yV/wrtrtWM ~ in the
old days; in the past.
bernde [berncfe] (nde) heart. moTTude. ~
have a good heart; be kind, bonde ~ to be
mean. O alaa bernde He has no heart. O
mo moTKi bernde He is kind.
berninde v. upset.
bernudo He is upset.
individual with a large family. Ko o besdo
She gave birth not long ago.
maa wad How is your family?
besnude v. give birth.
besnugol (ngol) procreation,
betde [bedde] v. measure.
betirde v. measure with.
betirgal (ngal) instrument for measuring,
measurement.
beydaade v. be added; be increased, dum
beydiima It has been increased.

12
bicfde boomde

b^daari (ndi) addition; plus; extra; bobbude V. dent. Ko dum bobbidum It is

increment; increase. dented.
beydude v. add; augment; append; increase, bobbude v. pick up.
add one’s piece of salt. Ndaw ko waawi boccinde v. lay an egg. Ngal boccinii The
beydude He likes to add his grain of salt. hen laid an egg.
beydugol (ngol) addition; increase, boccoonde (nde) egg. ~ harilde a bad egg.
bicfde [bidde] v. squeeze. bocokcok bad egg.
bicfcfo (o) child; baby. ~ dehbo daughter. ~ boccitaade v. escape. O boccitiima He
gorko son. ~ leydi citizen. ~ tekke doll. escaped.
bii (o) son; daughter. ~ moTTo a child of boccitel (ngH) diarrhea. O mo wondi e
good parents. ~ honcfo a child of bad boccitel He has diarrhea.
parents. boccitoreede v. 1) fumble 2) make an
bingal (ngal) big child. involuntary mistake. O boccitora It was
bingel [bingel] (ngel) little child. ~ lecfcfe just a mistake.
fruit. ~ haram child born out of wedlock, bodde V. lag; creep along.
bastard bocfcfude V. feel by pressing the thumb on.
biicaade v. sound with disapproval, boftirgel (ngH) dustpan.
biicaango (ngo) creak, boftude V. gather up, pick up. boftu
biicde [biijje] v. be tight, kurjuru o Pick up the garbage.
biinaango (ngo) grimace; grin. boggol (ngdl) rope. ~ njamndi wire.
biiitde v. make a face, grin. Hoi ko boggude V. pick fruit,
biinataa What are you making a face at? bohere (nde) baobab fruit.
biirtinde v. give away used items. Mi bokkaade v. 1) fan insects away from
biirtinii ma wutte o I am giving you this oneself 2) detach oneself ko o bokkiido
used gown. He does not want to be involved.
biirtude v. empty a dish with fingers. ~ haa bdkkirgal (ngal) fan.
laaba M'ipe clean.
bokkude v. fan flies away,
biiTde [biijje] v. screw.
bokki (ki) baobab tree.
bii Ttude [biiccude] v. unscrew,
bokko (ko) bark, sirde ~ remove the bark;
bilde V. place one's leg around another's; strip.
insert. ~ necfcfo get a person into trouble. bolde V. strip off.
Ko o ban do He is in trouble/he is busy.
boldude V. be stripped off. O mo boldi She
biltude V. free O biltiima S/he is out of
is not wearing jewelery.
trouble.
bolkude v. make love,
binaare (nde) animal.
bonde V. shed tears, have watery eyes,
biracfam (dam) fresh milk, kosam ~ fresh
milk. boodde V. be slippery. Ina boodi It is
slippery.
birande v. milk for someone.
boodde (nde) 1) lump 2) useless person. ~
birde v. milk Omon bira nagge nge He is suukara a lump of sugar. ~ lacciri lump
milking the cow.
of couscous.
birdugal (ngal) calabash for milking.
booidu (ndu) big stick O fiiri mo ko
biroowo (o) person who milks, biroowo booldu He hit him with a big stick,
darotaako It is unusual for a person who
booltinaade v. wait. O woni ko e
milks to be in a standing position. booltinaade He is not eating his food
birtaade v. milk again, now.
bittaade v. be squeezed tightly. booltude V. skin; peel booltu nguru ngu
bitteede v. be poor. O mo bittaa He is Remove the skin.
poor. bdlum adj. empty,
Cntteende (nde) shortage. boomde v. change shape.
bittude V. squeeze tightly; oppress.

13
booraade
boomtude v. regain the normal shape,
booraade v. undress, booro jodni Undress
now.
boreede v. be banned, be undressed. O
booraama He is banned from the Police
force.
boorde v. 1) pull off; remove clothing 2)
ban.
boordude v. chase; remove by way of
boornaade v. 1) put clothes on 2) undergo
circumcision, boorno comci maa Put your
clothing on.
boornoowo (o) person who performs
circumcision.
boornude v. circumcise.
boororde (nde) nightgown; night dress.
boortaade v. undress. Ho! to boorto e
hakkunde yimbe Do not undress in front
of people.
boortiicfo adj. naked; nude.
bdortude v. undress, boortu comci maa
Undress.
boortugol V. removal of one's clothings,
boosaaru (ndu) puppy,
boosde V. massage, mbecfe sokli booseede
I need a massage.
boosgol (ngol) massage,
bootere (nde) grass.
booyde v. be long, booyaani ko dUm wadi
It just happened.
booydo adj. old. neddo ~ an old persoa
booytude v. remain for a long time; be
outdated.
booTere (nde) kidney.
boraade v. lose hair or feathers hoore
boriinde a bald head.
borde V. pull up, deplume, pluck.
boro (ngo) small feathers,
borke (de) disease.
bortere (nde) type of grass borwude v. be buttidgol (ngol) stout.
slippery. Ina bonvi It is slippery.
bosde V. move a little.
boslitaade v. move while sleeping. O butto adj. robust; big; fat. neddo ~ a big/fat
boslitiima She just moved.
bota (ba) little goat.
bottere (nde) 1) testicule 2) cold.
useless/ignorant person.
bottude V. pinch O botti mo e reedu He buubol (ngol) cold, chill.
pinched him on the belly.
buubde
bottugol (ngol) pinch.
bowdi (ki) baobab tree.
bowngu (ngn) mosquito pi bowdi (di).
bucfcfu (ngn) worm.
buftaade v. bathe; shower. Mi buftiima I
have already taken a shower.
buftagol (ngol) bathing; showering. ~
jaawngol a quick shower.
bujiri (ndi) castrated bullock,
bulbi (ki) tree.
bulde V. flow, dum bulii The water is
flowing.
bulel (ngel) little well.
bulnaade v. wait for water to flow. Ko mi
bulniido I am waiting for the water to
flow.
bultaade v. harvest gum.
bunde [buhje] v. have many worms,
bundu [bun"du] (ndu) well, bulli (di) pi.
bural (ngal) advantage; preference;
superiority, dum alaa bural It is not
advantageous.
burde V. surpass; predominate; transcend.
Ko aan buri mo darnde You are taller
than him.
burnaade v. act important. 0 mo burnii He
likes to act important.
burnaado (o) chosen person.
burnude v. prefer; advocate.
burtaade v. outgrow; surpass. O burti
maama He has outgrown you.
burtaari (ndi) profit.
burtinde v. 1) overdo 2) lie.
burtude v. exceed; be excessive. Ina burti
It is excessive,
bursude v. grind peanuts,
burtungal (ngal) veW.fiilde ~ wear a veil.
butticfde V. be big; be fat, gain weight. O
buttidaani He did not gain weight.
buttidinde v. make big; fatten. Ina
buttidina It makes a person big/fat.
person.
buubde V. be cold; be calm. Ina buubi It is
buubnude v. make cold; make fresh; cool.
14
buucaade buTde

buubri (ndi) 1) shade 2) bladder infection. buutaacfo (o) person suffering from
O mo wondi e buubri He has a bladder overeating. Ko o buutaacfo He is suffering
infection. from overeating.
buubtude V. be colder. buutde [buudde] v. be swollen. Ko ko
buucaade v. kiss; suck. O buucii mo He buuti It is swollen.
kissed her. buuteede v. suffer from overeating. Ko o
buucagol (ngdi) kiss. buutaaDo He is suffering from excessive
buucondirde [buuc6"dirde] v. kiss each food intake.
other. buutnude [buunnude] v. make swell up.
buutdi [buuddi] (tidi) swelling, buutdi ndi buuTeede v. have the urge to
saayii The swelling is gone. urinate/defecate. Mhecfe buuTaa coofe I
have the urge to urinate.
buTde [bujje] v. bend.

15
ca cebe

ca goat calling word. cangol (ngol) weaving.

caabi (di) {wol.} keys. ~ wakande keys to canirgal (ngal) loom.
the trunk. ~ oto car keys. ~ galle keys to caiioowo (o) weaver. Ko o canoowo He is a
the house. ~ aduna keys to the world, weaver.
caacfngol [caan"g61] (ngol) stream, saacfde cantirgal [cancirgal] (ngal)
V.
cantoowo [cancoowo] (o) person who
caaju (ngu) horse, unbraids hair.
caakaan (o) {wol.} triviality, cantugol [cancugol] (ngol) the unbraiding
caakri (ndi) dish. of hair.
caali (ki) roof made with grass and wood. canu (ngn) weaving. O mo waawi canu He
firtude ~ undo the roof caaleeje (de) pi. is a skilled weaver.
caamaaba (ba) snake, candal [candal] (ngal) instrument for
caangol [caan"g61] (ngol) stream; creek. weaving.
caaldi (di) pi. capaato (o) Moor. Ko o capaato He is a
caarol (ngol) diarrhea, Moor.
caascfo adj. energetic. Ndaw ko saasi He is capancfe (de) tens. ~ joyabo fiftieth. ~
a hard working individual. nayabo fortieth. ~ jeegom sixty. ~ nay
forty.
caasgol (ngol) energy; strength,
caru (ngn) 1) dispersion; separation 2)
caaygol (ngol) fusion.
animosity, dum addata ko caru This will
cabbiicfo (o) a person who is waiting for bring animosity, sarde v.
someone or something,
caroowo (o) 1) person who scatters 2)
cafcfo adj. sweet, tasty; likeable, neddo ~ a person who causes animosity between
likeable person, safde v. individuals.
cafroowo (o) doctor. ~ gite eye doctor; carwoowo (o) waiter. Ko o carwoowo He is
ophthalmologist. ~ koyde orthopedist. Ko a waiter.
o cafroowo He is a doctor, safrude v.
caski (ki) tree.
caggal (ngal) rear, posterior, behind; after.
casol (ngdl) hoed soil, remde ~ mum take
~ maa after you left. ~ leydi foreign
care of one’s business.
country; abroad. ~ dum afterward,
catal (ngal) branch. ~ lekki a tree branch.
cajal (ngal) bamboo fence.
cate (de) pi
cakalo adj. outgoing; friendly. Ko o cakalo
catel (ngel) little branch.
He is friendly, sakolidde v.
cawndiicfo [caw"diicfo] person who is close
cakka (ka) necklace, collar, boorno cakka
to another person.
ka Wear the necklace,
cawndotoodo [caw"diicfo](^c>^ person who
cakutal (ngal) leg. cakute (de) pi.
gets close to another person.
callalal (ngal) chain, tellinde ~ anchor.
cawndbndiral [caw"d6"diral] (ngal) the act
jolnude ~ leave, collate (de) pi
of getting close to one another,
calli (ki) tree.
cawel (ngel) little stick,
caliigiicfo (o) a person who has performed
cawgal (ngal) big skin of a dead animal.
his/her ablution ritual, salligaade v.
cawgel (ngel) little skin of a dead animal.
caingel (ngel) small fork shaped wooden
pillar. ~ tuggorteengel a cane. cawgu (ngu) skin of a dead animal, cawdi
(cn) pi
camalle (de) kindling wood,
cawndiicfo (o) person who is next,
cami (ki) tree
cay gal (ngal) bird.
cancorgal (ngal) instrument for
untying/unbraiding hair, canctirgal (ngal) cebe (de) peaks; tops, sebre (nde) sing.
alt.

16
cecelle cirTe

cebtam (dam) peak; pinnacle; ridge; tip; cellal (ngal) health; sanity cellal buri
nadir. O yettiima cebtam He reached the ngalu Health is better than wealth. Ko
very top. cellal ardii Health comes first.
cecelle (de) first rains. cellinoowoo (o) healer.
cecfcfo (o) person of the Warrior caste. Ko o cellingol (ngol) treatment, healing.
ceddo He belongs to the Warrior caste,
celludo adj. healthy; sane; vigorous, gorko
ceebcfe adj. sharp. ~ a healthy man.
ceebdo adj. acute; intelligent; sharp, suka ~ cemte (de) lies, cemtol (ngol) sing,
an intelligent child. semtude v.
ceebndam (dam) sharpness. cemtooyvo (o) liar.
ceede (de) cowry shells, seedere (nde) sing. cemtunoodo (o) person who lied.
ceediicfo (o) witness, seedaade v. cel3alal (ngal) calabash. ~ makka calabash
ceecfu (ngn) dry season; summer. Ceedu full of corn ears.
arii It is summer. cel3di (ndi) bait.
cefe (de) herds of cattle. celjondiral (ngal) linking, joining.
ceelol (tigol) strip of dried meat, seelde v. celjondiroowo (o) person who joins
ceeltol (ngol) shred; strip. elements together.
ceeltugdi (ngol) the act of tearing ceQIe (de) pounded grains, laayvde ~ put
something into strips. pounded grains in the pot.
ceeltoowo (o) person who tears something cettal (ngal) sharpened piece of wood used
into strips. for unbraiding hair, settude v.
ceemeedo (o) young woman. Ko o cettoowo (o) person who makes sharp
ceemeedo She is a young woman, wooden objects.
ceen (o) {f^.} chain. ~ kaljlje gold chain. cewcfo adj. 1) thin person; slim; slender,
ceenal (ngal) sand pi. ceene (de). ~~ lean 2) trashy type of person, sewde v.
hodewal red sand. ~ daneyval white sand. cewngu (ngn) panther.
ceeraado (o) divorcee; divorce. ciftol (ngol) charade, conundrum; puzzle;
ceerdo (o) a person who divorced. riddle, siftude v.
ceergal (ngal) divorce, ciibe (de) grass, siiwre (nde).

ceerno (o) religious teacher. ~ mawdo a ciifgol (ngol) signing of

great religious teacher. Hoi gondo ceerno ciifol (ngdl) line, signature.
maa Who is your teacher? ciifi (di) pi
cefe (de). ciifoowo (o) person who signs,
ceggannoocfo (o) person who used to filter ciilal (ngal) eagle; falcon,
liquids. ciiwgol (ngol) the pouring of liquids,
ceggitoowo (o) person who filters liquids ciiwoowo (o) person who pours,
again, seggude v. cinnoowo (o) a shaking person.
ceggoowo (o) person who filters liquids. cinnudo (o) a shivering individual.
ceggugol (ngol) the filtering of liquids, cinnugol (ngol) shivering, shaking,
cekcfo adj. irate; angry. Ko o cekdo He is ciiwoowo (o) person who pours liquids,
angry.
cilbi (di) fringes,
cekke (de) fences of woven reed, sekko
cilo (o) {f^.} kilogram cildoji (di).
(ngo) sing.
ciluki (ki) ree.
cekkiri (ndi) ashes used for making soap,
cingooli [ciq"g661i] (ki) tree,
cell (di) branching roads; cross roads, laabi
~ branching roads. cireewi (ki) tree.
celol (ngol) ramp, branching road. cirTe (de) spits.
cirToowo (o) person who spits.
cirTugol (ngol) spitting,

17
ciyam
ciyam (cfam) leak. ~ muusdam a bad/major
leak.
coccagol (figol) tooth cleaning; cleaning.
coccorgal (figal) toothpick, cfum ko
coccorgal maa That is your toothpick.
coccugol (figol) cleaning; cleansing,
cod61 (ngdi) short cut. lamvol ~ a short cut.
cofel (tigel) small baby chicken,
cofal (figal) big baby chicken,
coggal (figal) herd of cattle; herd of
animals.
coggoowo (o) herder; person who drive
cattle to pasture.
coggu (figii) price, beydude ~ increase the
price, ustude ~ reduce the price. Hoi no
coggu mum foti What is the price?
cokki (cfi) checkers game; chess, fiide ~
play a checkers game,
cokoowo (o) person who locks, janitor.
coktirgal (figal) key. ~ galle house key. ~
aduna key to the world, coktircfe (cfe) pi.
coktoowo (o) person who unlocks,
coktugol (figol) removal of a lock;
unlocking.
coku (figii) dam.
colcfo adj. person whose teeth have fallen
off. Ko o colcfo He has lost many teeth.
coloofvo (o) person who removes teeth.
coltoowo (o) person who removes teeth that
came up again.
colei (figel) sparrow, little bird, colli (cfi) pi
colla (ka) dust.
collaay (o) dust.
c6mc61 (figol) piece of clothing; garment;
outfit; raiment, uniform.
conaandi (fidi) produce, yield; harvest.
conal (figal) harvest.
conoowo (o) harvester.
condi [con"di] (ndi) flour; powder. ~ fetel
gunpowder
coodoowo (o) purchaser, buyer. O wonaa
coodoowo He is not buying.
coofcfo adj. ugly.
cooragol (figol) the act of wandering all
over the place, sooraade v.
cooriicfo (o) person who is wandering all
over the place.
coorgal (figal) perch; pole, spar.
18
cuutirgal
c66rumbal [c66ru"TDal] (figal) flute,
cooycfo adj. spinster, debho ~ a spinster,
coscfo (o) founder.
cottaandi [cottaandi] (ndi) millet devoid of
bran; shelled millet.
cowol (figol) fold, cowe (cfi) pi sowde v.
coy very red (used for emphasis). Ina wojji
coy It is really red.
cubagdi (figol) choice; alternative;
selection.
cubaacfo (o) chosen individual.
cubooyvo (o) person who selects.
cubotoocfo (o) chooser.
cuddaacfo (o) 1) married woman; bride 2)
covered person.
cuddiicfo (o) 1) married woman 2) person
who covered himself Hoi to cuddiicfo
maa woni Where is your wife?
cuddoowo (o) groom.
cuddungu (figu) wedding. ~ Hammat
Hammat’s wedding.
cukaagu (ngu) infancy; childhood. Ko
cukaagu wadi cfum It is childish
behavior.
cukalel (figel) boy; infant; brat. ~ moTTel a
good boy. ~ bongel a bad boy.
cukkiri (ndi) thicket, naatirde e ~ get
angry. O naatirimi e cukkiri He got angry
at me.
ciikko (o) next. Ko kanko woni cukko maa
He comes after you.
cumaram (dam) scald, burn. ~ muusdam
first degree bum.
cumu (ngu) fire, cum berel heartburn.
Ngaree cumu fire! fire!
cuucfiicfo adj. clandestine,
cuuraay (o) incense,
cuurel (figel) little room.
ciiuron (kon) little rooms, suudu (ndu)
sing.
cuurki (ki) steam; reek; smoke.
cuusal (figal) bravery; mettle; prowess. O
mo heeyvi cuusal he is brave.
cuusdb adj. brave. ~ reedu brave. ~ gacce
a shameless person. ~ bone quarrelsome.
cuutirgal (ngal) instmment for lifting or
pulling out.
daabaa
daabaa (o) animal for riding such as a dabanaade v. perform sorcery for someone.
donkey.
daabaacfo (o) person who has been
contaminated.
daadoowo (o) a person who contaminates
others, raabde v.
daabondiral [daab6"diral] (ngal) mutual
contamination.
daagaade v. shamble; pace slowly. O woni
ko e daagaade He is pacing slowly.
daagotoocfo (o) a person who paces slowly.
daago (ngo) mat. wertude ~ spread the mat.
taggude ~ roll up a mat.
daakaa (o) camp; gathering pi. daakaaji
(d).
daakaade v. be assembled.
daakande [daakan"de] (nde) gathering.
daakde v. camp.
daalnude v. Be reduced, become weak,
daande [daa"de] (tide) voice; neck. ~
loornde a hoarse voice. ~ welnde a
beautiful voice pi daade (de).
daarde v. 1) tell a story 2) diminish,
subside.
daarol (ngdi) story; tale, dum wonaa
tindol, ko daarol It is not a story but it is
a tale.
daasaade v. drag oneself Hoi ko wadmaa
daasaade Why are you lagging behind?
daasde v. draw; lug; drag along.
daasirde v. drag with.
daasnaade v. pace slowly.
daasol (ngol) track; trace. ~ ngooroondi
trace left by a snake,
daawnude v. inform.
daayde v. be calm. Hendu ndu daayi The
wind has subsided.
daaTde v. stop a baby animal from sucking.
DaaT nale nge Stop the heifer from
sucking.
daaye (de) nenuphar plants sing, raayre
(nde).
daayo (ngo) exile.
daaToowo (o) a person who stops a baby
animal from sucking,
dabaade v. 1) guide 2) perform sorcery.
19
daliilu
Mbede yidi dabaneede I want someone
to perform sorcery for me.
dabare (de) sorcery; magic.
dabotoodo (o) person who performs
witchcraft.
dabbirde (nde) winter camp.
dabbude v. spend winter, camp for the
winter.
dabbunde [dabbuMe] (nde) winter.
dabbo adj. short, scrimp, neddo ~ a short
person, sahaa ~ a short period,
dabi (o) guide pi dabiiji (di).
dadaade v. tie around the waist; tie one’s
belt.
dadol (ngol) belt, habbude ~ tie a belt.
dad nude [dannude] v. tie a belt for
someone.
dadorde (nde) waist, nadorde (nde) alt.
dadorgal (ngal) belt,
dacfcfaade v. stretch.
dacfde [dadde] v. 1) win a race 2) escape
danger; get away. O dad o dandii The
delivery was very successful.
daddo adj. safe; winner.
daddndirde [dacf6"dirde] v. race/precede
one another.
dadaade [dattaade] v. outrun, outpace,
overtake again; pass. Mi dadi maama I
passed you.
daddude v. spread a mat. ~ leeso spread a
mat.
daggude v. stagger,
dahaa (o) ink. kudol ~ a writing pen.
dajde [dajje] v. lessen; reduce,
dakkande v. make a dish called kodde for
someone. Dakkanam kodde Make the
kodde dish for me.
dakkere (nde) dish.
dakkiri (ndi) steamed millet.
dakkude v. make the kodde dish. O woni ko
e dakkude He is making the kodde dish,
dakmude v. be tasty. E dum dakmi It is
very tasty.
daliilu (o) {ar.j reason, proof, jogaade ~
have a good reason for doing something.
Mi alanaa dum daliilu I cannot justify it
dalirde
dallinde v. prove
dalirde (nde) camp,
dallaade (nde) port.
damal (ngal) entry; access; gate; door.
uddude ~ close the door, udditde ~ open
the door, bubbude ~ slam a door, dajjitde
~ break the door. ~ suudu bedroom door.
~ galle gate.
dambaade [dam'^baade] v. wed; undergo
the wedding ceremony.
dambitaade [da'^bitaade] v. complete the
wedding ceremony. O dambitiima S/he
has commpleted the wedding ceremony.
dambordu [dam"’bordu] (ndu) bridal room.
naatde ~ enter the bridal room/begin the
wedding ceremony.
dambude [dam"'bude] v. participate in a
wedding ceremony,
dammuhol (ugol) lamb, goat.
dampe (de) one-piece type of female
clothing.
dampoowo (o) kicker
dampude v. kick. O dampi mo e reedu He
kicked him in the belly.
dampugol (tigdl) kicking,
dal] (o) edge.
danal (ngal) gain, fortune, asset, jom ~ a
wealthy person. Dahal e baasal ngondi
One may be wealthy today and poor
tomorrow.
dande [danje] v. gain, acquire. O danii ko o
yicfnoo He got what he wanted.
dandoowo [dan"doowo] (o) savior, ko Alla
woni dandoowo Allah is the savior.
dandude [dan"dude] v. save; secure. Ko
Alla tan waawi dandude Allah is the only
savior.
daneejo adj. white, necfcfo ~ a white debati gorkati (o) gay; homosexual, a male
person.
danga (o) [dal]"ga] pouch prov. So wonko debbo (o) woman. ~ galle housewife. ~
hammayaroyel waawi danga baaba mum
yooliima You have the opportunity to dewal (ngal) big woman.
show us what you can do.
dankaade [dal]kaade] v. pay attention.
Ada foil dankaade ko kaalat mi ko You
should pay attention to what I say.
danki [dal]ki] (ki) raised platform,
danna (o) hunter.
dara (o) naught, nothing; zero. Hay dara
mi wiyaani I said nothing.
deede
daraade v. stand up, stop, cease; halt,
stagnate.
daragol (ngol) truce.
daraniido (o) militant. Onto daranii lenol
no feetvi He is fighting for his ethnic
group indeed.
darnde (nde) height; stop; standing up. Hoi
do darnde maa tolnii How tall are you?
darngo (ngo) standing up.
darnude v. make stand, erect. Ko o
darnudo He is hard.
darorde (nde) stop.
dartaade v. defend; resist Dario mo Stand
up to him.
dartagol (ngol) pause; defense.
dartinde v. erect again.
dartinde (nde) pause, stop.
daraja (o) popularity; fame, heewde ~ be
famous.
darjude v. be popular, be well known. Omo
darji no feetvi He is very popular.
darjudo (o) famous; popular,
dargeede v. have spots,
datol (ngol) path./?/, dati (di).
dawaacfi (di) dogs. Aan ko a rawaandu
You are a dog. sing, rawaandu (ndu).
dawde v. go to work in the morning. ~ law
go to work early in the morning.
dayvnude v. make work. Mi dawnii mo
hande I made him work today.
dayvol (ngol) act of going to work in the
morning.
dawlude v. pay part of a debt.
daTTe (de) hard grass roots. raTTere
(nde).
de suf. infinitive marker; to helde break.
with female mannerisms.
dambiido bride, - reedu pregnant woman.
deyvel (ngel) little woman,
debbude v. sink.
deedaacfo (o) bastard, bom out of wedlock.
Ko o deedaado He was born out of
wedlock.
deedal (ngal) lake, large pond/lake.
deede (o) older sibling. Ko o deede am S/he
is my older sibling.
20
deelaade dihal

deelaade v. be spilled. dempetel] pound fresh rice.

decide v. spill. dendaangal [den"daa"gal] (ngal) all. ~
deemooru (ndu) chimpanze; ape. koreeji all relatives.
deenoowo (o) guard. ~ nedcfo bodyguard; dendingol [den"ding61] (ngol) combination.
guardian. dendinoowo [den"dinoowo] (o) collector; a
deentagol (ngol) vigilance; precaution; person who creates animosity between
prudence; caution. people.
deentiicfo adj. vigilant; careful; cautious. Ko dental (ngal) union, confederation rally. ~
o necfcfo deentiicfo He is a very cautious jongal quorum. ~ yimbe throng. ~
person. mawngal mob, mass Deental waawi
deeringi [deerig"gi] (o) big belly. ceeral Better to unite than be divided.
deeTde v. be calm. Onto deeTi no feetvi dende [den"de] (nde) watermelon.
She is very calm. dencfiraacfo (o) one's mother’s brother's
deeTcfo [deeTTo] adj. calm; quiet,child, first cousin.
peaceful, still; immobile; stable; serene. Kodencfiraagal (ngal) kinship between cousins
o necfcfo deeTcfo He is a quiet person and first cousins.
deeTere (nde) calm; silence. denkaade [del3kaade] v. sit down abruptly.
deeTnude [deennude] v. cool, appease, denkude [deI3kude] v. make someone (or
placate; pacify, soothe, immobilize. something) sit down abruptly.
deeTre (nde) calm, hush; quiescence, del3Ioode (tide) small quantity of liquids.
defaade v. be in charge of. Miin defii piye del]13ere (nde) harpoon, yiwde ~ pierce
maa I am in charge of your contributions, with a harpoon.
defande v. cook for someone Defanam deppaade v. fall on one's bottom,
maaro e teetv Please make the rice and dewal (ngal) big woman.
meat dish for me. detvel (ngel) little woman.
defde v. cook. ~ hotaari cook lunch. ~ dewcfo adj. devout; follower. -Jodmiraacfo
hiraande cook dinner. O tvoni ko e defde pious. ~ aduna person who is after
He is cooking. pleasures of life.
defirde v. cook with. O defirta ko lecfcfe He detvgal (ngal) marriage, matrimony. ~
is cooking with firewood. moTTal a good marriage, benninde ~
defnude v. make someone cook. WQd.firtude ~ divorce.
defoowo (o) cook; chef Ko o defoowo He detvondiral (ngal) sequel; order.
is a cook. dewoowo (o) 1) adept, pupil 2) person who
defrude v. cook with, owes money.
deftagol (ngol) repetition, deTTere (nde) silence.
deftere (nde) book. ~ Quraana The Koran. deTTinde v. quieten; silence. DeTTin mo
tvilde ~ sequence the pages of a book in a Keep him quiet.
disorderly fashion, wiltude ~ arrange the deTTude v. be quiet. DeTTu Be quiet.
pages of a book in their proper sequence. deTTucfo adj. silent, quiet,
dege (cfe) peanut, diccaade v. 1) kneel 2) urinate. O tvoni ko e
degere (o) (fr.j degree, diccaade He is urinating.
deggondiral [degg6"diral] (ngal) diccande [diccan'^de] (nde) kneeling.
succession. dicce (cfe) urine.
delfinde v. tie around the waist, diftaade v. snatch. ~ debbo take one’s
demal (ngal) farming. future bride away.
demoowo (o) peasant. Ko o dentootvo He is diftagol (ngol) snatching,
a farmer, remoo be (be) pi. digaade v. thunder.
demminaade v. camp before the rainy digaango [digaa"go] (ngo) thunder, digaali
season. (Cfi) pi.
demminaare (nde) pre-rainy season. dihal (kal) little quantity of water.

21
diidde
diidde v. mark; draw a line; sketch; draw.
-hubeere begin the foundation of a
building.
diidol (ngdl) line; mark; trace. ~ hakkunde
diameter. ~ IJooyre a fact,
diinde v. put down.
diine (o) {ar.} religion; faith. Hoi ko woni
diine nta What is your religion? diineeji
(di) pi.
diiraali (cfi) loud noises, cfiiraango (ngo)
sing.
diirde v. make a loud noise such as car
noise.
diirgol (ngdl) loud noise.
diisnaade v. consult. Necfcfo yo diisnoto
mawbe mum A person should consult his
elders.
diiwaan (o) province; county. ~ Calgu the
Calgu county.
dikkaade v. give birth for the first time.
dikkuru (ndu) first pregnancy,
dille (de) thud, noise. Ada heeyvi dille You
make a lot of noise.
dillere (nde) 1) sound; noise; movement 2)
ceremony.
dillinde v. rattle, wag; wiggle; waggle;
shake. ~ hoore nod.
dillude V. move; vibrate; sound, throb.
Hoore makko dillii He has a mental
breakdown,
dimaali (di) lies.
dimaas (o) (fr.) Sunday. Haljki wonnoo
dimaas Yesterday was Sunday, alet alt.
dimaro (o) infertile; sterile.
dimbaade [dim'^baade] v. sway; jump in
bed.
dimhinde [dim"’binde] v. shake,
dimie (de) loads.
dimndoowo [dim"doowo] (o) loader.
dimngal [dim"gal] (ngal) animal load. ~
mawngai a heavy/big load,
dimo adj. dignified; free, noble. Ko o dimo
He is a noble person.
dingiral [di"giral] (ngal) arena; open space.
O naatii dingiral. He entered the arena.
pi. dingire (de).
dipite (o) (fr.} deputy,
diraa (o) arm's length; measurement, diraaji
(di) pi.
domdomal
dirde v. 1) move 2) crush peanuts. ~ gerte
grind peanuts into a creamy substance.
dirnude v. displace; move.
dirtinde v. move something or someone.
dirtude v. move over. Dirtu seeda Move a
little.
dirkude v. polish.
diwal (ngal) jumping; jump. ~ lella e
seendu a big jump alt. diwgol (ngdl).
dhvde V. 1) hurdle; leap, skip, pulse; jump,
fly 2) mature. ~ ina doTTo jump up and
down. AbiyolJ o diwii The plane took off.
diwgol (ngdl) flight; jump, jumping.
dhvnude v. 1) make fly 2) breed past
maturity; nurture; foster; upbring.
diwiin (o) (fr.} cooking oil.
diwo (o) divorced lady; a previously
married lady; an unmarried lady. K.o o
diwo She is unmarried.
docotal (ngal) burning piece of wood.
docotte (de) pi.
dogde V. run; elope, stampede. ~ naawoore
abscond.
dog do adj. fugitive.
dogdu (ndu) race.
dognirgal (ngal) racing instrument.
dognoowo (o) racer; driver. ~ puccu a horse
rider. ~ oto a car driver.
ddgnude v. drive; make run; operate;
maneuvre. ~ oto drive. ~ puccu ride a
horse.
dogoowo (o) runner.
doggol (ngdl) 1) cord 2) arrangement;
order.
dokkal (ngal) gift, rokkude v.
dokkoowo (o) donor. ~ 77/ Tam blood
donor.
dokkudo (o) donor,
dokkeeru (ndu) big stick.
doktoor (o) (fr.} doctor. ~ gite
ophthalmologist, - koyde orthopedist,
dolde V. digest. Mi dolii dum I have
already digested it.
dolnude v. make digest,
dolokke (o) male gown.
dollundu [d611u"du] (ndu) badger, dolludi
(di) pi.
domdomal (ngal) sternum; breast bone.
domdome (de) pi.
domodaa dunande

domodaa (o) peanut and flower sauce. O dottude V. 1) chop 2) summarize; shorten. ~
defii domodaa He cooked the domoda haala shorten one’s intervention.
dish dow adv. over; top; upon; beyond; above;
donkucfo [d613kucfo] (o) inept; incapable; top of, up. ~ makko above him.
ill. doygal (tigal) post.
dongal [doI]"gal] (ngal) head load. ~ ledde doTTaade v. come down heavily. Diwde
wood load. ina doTTo Jump up and down,
doncfo (o) heir; heiress, ronde v. duballeewi (ki) tree,
dono (o) heir; heiress. dubbi (ki) tree.
donoowo (o) heir. dubbude v. poke. O dubhi mi e yitere He
dofjal (tigal) area covered with shrubs and poked me in the eye.
long grass. dubuuje (de) stools (of cows and oxen).
dooba adj. poor person, ruhundere (tide) sing.
doobal (tigal) bird, duddu (o) fish,
doodel (ngel) piece of excrement. duflaade v. dirty oneself
doodi (ndi) stools of animals; excrements, duggande v. shop for. Mi dugganii ma
feces. liddi I bought fish for you.
dookde v. watch over. duggoyde v. go and shop for groceries. O
dookoyde v. go and watch over, duggoyii He went to do the groceries.
doole (de) power, momentum; might, duggude V. 1) dig up 2) shop.
strength; power, jom ~ a strong person. O duhaade v. 1) tie/wear one's pants 2) be
alaa doole He is not strong. circumcised. O duhiima He has been
doolnude v. be powerful; be strong. Onto circumcised.
dooini He is powerful. duhagol (tigol) excision.
d66lil3T]e (o) fishing net with hooks, duhol (tigol) waistline, belt, sash.
doomburu [doo'^buru] (ndu) mouse pi. duhorde (tide) waistline.
doomhi (di). duhorgol (tigol) waistline.
doomde v. hang around, duhtude [duutude] v. untie one's pants.
doonaade v. proceed, continue. dujal (ngal) an island.
donaacTo adj. shared inheritance, dukde V. yell in a dispute, be ngoni ko e
donondiral (tigal) inheritance sharing, dukde They are involved in a dispute.
doondotoocfo [doo"dotoocfo] (o) carrier; duko (tigo) dispute.
porter. ~ ina yobee peddler. dukoowo (o) person involved in a dispute,
dongal [don"gal] (tigal) load, dukkere (tide) bushy area
doole (de) strength. dukuduku (o) board for tanning leather
doolnude v. be powerful dul emph. strike (used for emphasis when
doolnudo adj. powerful, postposed).
dongal [don"gal] (tigal) duleendu [duleendu] (ndu) whirlwind,
doonoo (o) chameleon duluulol (tigol) coil.
doorumaaru (ndu) small excavation. ~ dumaade v. fume; grumble; mumble. Omon
luggidndu a deep excavation, dooruntaaji dumoo He is grumbling,
(di). dumunna (o) period, oo ~ this period, oon
doosde V. put out a fire, ~ that period.
doppude V. put out a fire, dunande (tide) [dunan"de] a push.
doppude V. repel, dunde [dunje] v. 1) shove, push 2) be
pregnant.
dorlol (tigol) reptile tail,
duntude [duncude] v. 1) repel 2) poke. ~
dorwude v. be wet; be half clean,
worodde repel a misfortune
dote (de) backside, buttocks, rotere (tide)
duntoowo [duncoowo] (o) poker.
sing.

23
dundariyanke duwaan

dundariyanke [dun"dariyal3ke] (o) wealthy duuki (ki) tree.

person. duukon (kon) islands.
dundu [dun"du] (ndu) thicket, duulaade v. weed around.
duppude V. burn; set a blaze. duulalcfe (de) lizards 5//7g. nduulaldi (ndi).
durde v, graze, di ngoni ko e durde They duule (de) clouds, ruulde (tide) sing.
are grazing.
duumaade v. last; stay long.
durirde (tide) pasture; grazing area.
duumde v. remain long; stay long.
durnude v. make animals graze,
duuI3el (ngel) island.
dursitaade v. recite.
duurde v. wrestle.
dursude v. memorize the Koran.
duus (o) (fr.} shower room. Omon nder
dursudb (o) person who has memorized the duus He is in the shower room.
Koran.
duusde V. see someone out. O duusii
dus foe. used for emphasis when postposed. hobbe He is seeing the guests out.
Ina luubi dus It smells really bad.
duwaade v. {ar.} pray; pray for someone.
dutal (ngal) [dural] vulture, date (de) pi.
duwaawu (o) {ar.} prayer; condolences.
duttude V. remove grains form stalks.
duwanaade v. bless, pray for. Mi duwani
duubi (di) age; years.~ sappo decade. ~ maama You have my blessings.
teemedere century. Hoi no duubi maa
duworaade v. pray in the name of
poti How old are you?
duwaan (o) (fr.j customs; customs duty
duudeede v. desire strongly, be addicted to,
officer. Ko o duwaan He is a customs duty
have a craving for. Mbede duudaa ataaye
officer.
I have a craving for tea.
duudeteedo adj. addict.
duudo (ngo) strong desire, addiction.

24
cfaa
cfeecfcfade

cf

cfaa adv. there, you. ~ yenne over there cfaccuki (ki) pole star.
prov. cfaa wocfdaani What you can see is cfacfol (ngdl) nerve; radix; sinew, root. ~
not far from you / What you can see is lekki the root of the tree. ~ necfcfo vein.
within reach.
cfahde [cfaade] v. convince someone to
cfaalde (nde) 1) mark left by an insect bite perform something.
2) a dummy.
cfakaane (o) palate; tonsil,
cfaamol (ngol) spleen, wondude e ~ have a
cfakkaade v. be stuck.
spleen disease cfaami (cfi) pi.
cfakkitde v. loosen; remove; unstick.
cfaanaade v. sleep. ~ cfoyngol belngol
sleep well, leelde ~ sleep late. O cfaaniima cfakkude v. patch clothes; stick; glue.
He is asleep. cfalde V, 1) let go 2) boil. Satalla maa cfali
cfaankinaade v. pretend to sleep. O woni Your water is boiling.
ko e cfaankinaade He is pretending to be cfam del. the (used for liquids), kosam ~ the
asleep. milk ndiyam ~ the water.
cfaanotoocfo (o) person who sleeps. cfamaawu (o) optimism; hope.
cfaantaade v. go back to sleep. cfaminaade v. hope; anticipate. Mbecfe
cfaantdyaade v. go back to sleep, cfaantoyo cfaminii mo TTere I hope something good
kono hoto weetndor Go back to sleep but will happea
do not oversleep. cfaminiicfo adj. hopeful, cfaminiicfo ko
cfanninde v. make someone sleep. O woni ko hooraacfo One should never rely on hope
e cfanninde mo He is putting him to sleep. alone.
cfamtindaade [cfamti"daade] v. lose hope.
cfaatde [cfaadde] v. be soft, be smooth. ~
haala be a sweet talker. ~ juucfe have soft Mi cfamtindiima I have lost hope.
hands. cfannaade v. travel, take a trip. Ko o
cfaatnude v. soften, cfaatnu haala ntaa cfanniicfo He has traveled.
Soften your voice, cfannanaade v. travel for.
cfaawuuna (o) disease, cfangal [cfan"gal] (ngal) voyage, trip,
cfaayde v. be stupid, be foolish. Kooli ko journey. ~ laana travel by boat. ~
ndiwoowa travel by plane.
aan cfaayi You are so stupid.
cfaaycfo adj. daft; fool, stupid person. cfatde [cfadde] v. tan.
necfcfo ~ a stupid person. cfatgol (ngol) tan, leather work.
cfaayre (nde) stupidity; foolishness, cfatoowo (o) leather worker. Ko o cfatoowo
He is a leather worker,
cfabbande v. seek for someone.
cfawde V. refuse food to someone.
cfabboowo (o) seeker.
cfawre (nde) refusal to give food to
cfabboyde v. go and seek. ~ ko
someone.
alaa go and seek what one does not have.
cfawsude v. be skinny,
dabbude V. seek, look for. ~
cfe det. the, plural class, defte ~ the books,
liggeey seek a job.
cfebde V. be about to. O cfebii yande He
cfaccande v. yield; leave for. ~ hakke almost fell down,
forgive.
cfecfcfaade v. choke.
cfaccitde v. abjure; release, abandon O
cfecfcfude V. throttle; strangle. ~ haa maaya
cfaccitaama hande He was released
strangle to death.
today
cfecfcfugdl (ngol) strangle
daccude v. let go; acquit; quit, leave,
abandon, cfaccu deeTa Leave it alone cfeecfaade v. cut oneself accidentally.
cfaccere (nde) gum. bultaade ~ harvest cfeecfagol (ngdl) a cut.
gum. cfacce (cfe) pi. cfeecfol (ngol) a cut

25
cfehaade
cfehaade v. suck one's belly in. deho Take a
deep breath; breathe in.
cfehagol (ngol) breathing in.
cfelkude v. be shiny; be shining, hoore
delkoore a shining head,
cfemngal [cfem"gal] (ngal) tongue,
language. ~ muynangal mother tongue.
-am my mother tongue, demcfe (cfe)pi
cferewol (rigdl) sheet of paper,
cfesde v. just fail to. O (fesii maayde He
was about to die.
cfi del the (plural), lampaaji - the lamps,
cfiya det. those, comci - those shoes,
cficfabo rmm. second; secondary.
didl num. two; double; couple; pair, duudi
- two years.
dido two people, yimbe - two individuals.
cUmmitde [cfimmidde] v. do something twice.
dimmo (o) second,
cfiftere (tide) recovery.
diftinde v. revive.
diftude V. feel better; recover from fainting.
O cdftii He has recovered from fainting,
cfigginde v. 1) turn into flower 2) know
well, master. Mi digginii I have
memorized it.
diggude V. be turned into flower; be
mastered.
cfiin det. those. ~ noppi those ears,
cfimmital (ngal) repetition.
dimmitde v. repeat; do again; double. 0
dimmitii dum He did it again,
cfinginde v. be hard.
dingude [cfin"gude] v. erect one’s penis, be
hard.
cfisde V. stick into a place.
disngo [cfis"go] (ngo) sticking into a place.
cfo adv. here. ~ e ndeen in the meantime.
Joodo do Sit here.
cToftaade v. obey. O mo doftii He is
compliant.
doftal (ngal) help, help in the field.
doftude V. 1) accompany 2) help with field
work.
doftugol (ngol) company,
cfojjere (tide) cough.
dojjo (ngo) cough.
dojjude V. cough.
dojjugol (ngol) cough.
cfuurnaade
cfokkicfde [cfokkidde] v. be one-eyed.
dokko (o) one-eyed person.
cfomcfitde [cfomcfidde] v. quench one’s thirst.
Mi domditii I have quenched my thirst.
domdude v. be thirsty. Mbede domcH I am
thirsty.
domka (ka) thirst, wondude e ~ be thirsty,
cfoofde V. pull out; uproot, fallow.
doofooivo (o) person who pull something out.
dooftaade v. pull weeds out.
cfooki (ki) tree.
cfoon adv. there. ~ e doon outright; right
away.
cfowde V. lead/guide (a blind person/an
animal).
dowgol (ngol) the guiding of an animal or a
blind person).
dowooivo (o) guide prov. Gumdo jinganta
ko dowoowo mum A blind person will
side with his guide (One will side with
one’s relative/friend).
dowtaade v. abide by; follow, be devoted
to; comply with. O dowtaaki He is not
compliant.
dowtaare (tide) obedience; compliance,
submission.
dowtagol (ngol) devotion; allegiance,
cfoyngol (ngol) sleep, doyngol jaggi mi I
fell asleep,
cfoyru (ndu) bird,
cfuggitde V. uproot.
cfuhaade v. shelter, duho den haa tobo
ngo siilta Let us shelter until the rain
stops, duhorde (tide) shelter,
cfum det. this; that; it. ~ noon therefore,
cfumininde v. do.
cfunginaade [cfuI3"ginaade] v. pretend not
to see.
cfuucfal (ngal) abundance,
cfuucfde [cfuudde] v. be abundant,
cfuulde (nde) swelling of the sVin. fiide e -
hit on the nail.
duulnude v. swell, dum duulnii It is
swollen.
cfuurnaade v. show contempt by turning
one's head away.
duurtaade v. express contempt by making a
face.
duurtagol (ngol) show of contempt by
turning one's head away.
26
e endu
e and; on; in. miin ~ maa me and you.
ebbere (nde) plan.
ebbet ititerj. used when something
opens/breaks apart. Lahal ngal wii ebbet
The calabash was broken into pieces.
ebbitaade v. break into pieces,
ebe pers. pron. they. Ebe njiya They see.
eccitaade v. be split into pieces,
eda (ba) buffalo.
edda (o) widowhood Edda makko timmU
She has completed her widowhood retreat.
eddaaji (di) pL
ecfen pers. pron. we. Eden njaha Are we
going?
eebde v. slice; sliver; slit; cut Eeb dende
nde Cut the watermelon into slices.
eebdl (ngol) fissure; cut.
eebre (nde) slice,
eedere (nde) tree,
eeltaacfo adj. docile.
eelto (ngo) taming.
eeltoowo (o) tamer.
eeltude v. retrain, reeducate, tame; coax.
Ma mi eelte I will tame you.
eeltugol (ngol) tameness,
eeraade v. hail; call with a loud voice,
eercfude v. be white,
eeri (ki) tree.
eewaali (di) first cries of a baby.
eetvaango (ngo) first cry of the baby,
eewnaade v. 1) hail 2) call for prayer.
Eewno njuulen Call for prayer so that we
can say our prayers.
eeyvnaango (ngo) loud call, call for prayer.
eewnotoodo (o) person who calls for
prayer. Eeyvnotoodo o weetndorii The
person who calls for prayer overslept,
eey mterj. yes () nni eey He said yes.
egginde v. make someone move, evict.
Ndiyam egginii ntin We were forced out
by the water.
egginoowo (o) mover.
eggoowo (o) individual who is moving. Ko
kanko woni eggoowo He is the one
moving.
eggude V. vacate; move from one place to
another. Mi eggii I moved.
eggudu (ndu) moving from one residence to
another.
eggugol (ngol) moving places.
ejde [ejje] v. perceive; have an impression;
have a hunch. Mi ejii dum I had a hunch,
ekkaade v. learn by trial. ~ yahde learn the
first steps. O mon ekkoo yahde He is
learning his first steps. Mo ekkaaki
waawataa A person who does not try will
not learn.
ekkagol (ngol) training.
ekkinde v. teach someone. Ar mi ekkin
maa Come I will teach you.
ekkinoowo (o) trainer.
ekkitaade v. learn again.
ekkitinde v. teach again.
ekko (ngo) trial, attempt; apprenticeship.
ekkorde (ndi) school, place for learning.
ekkotoodo (o) apprentice, trainee. Ko o
ekkotoodo He is just a trainee.
elal (ngal) big wooden piece.
elde V. cut/slice wood.
elel (ngel) small wooden piece,
elde V. disdain, dislike.
elko (ngo) dislike, distaste.
eloowo (o) 1) person who disdains 2)
person who cuts wood into pieces,
elimaan (o) {ar.} 1) imam, person who
leads the prayer; a leader 2) male first
name.
elia (o) vice, excuse, defect; period, menses.
O alaa ella He is beyond reproach ellaaji
(di) pi
elleey part, like; as if
elo (o) iguana.
en pron. 1) we; 2) x-people; x—place.
galle Hammadi ~ at Hammadi’s
compound.
enen us; we. ~fof all of us.
encfam (dam) parenthood, jokkude ~
reinforce relations. taTde ~ destroy
relations.
ende [efije] v. slice a fish from head to tail,
eno (ngo) sliced (dried) fish, hole for
sowing.
endu [en"du] (ndu) breast; bosom; pap,
womb daccude ~ endi (di) pi
27
endoowo eyyo

endoowo (o) person who tries. esiraagal (ngal) in-law relationship.

endude [en"dude] v. try; attempt; esondirde [eso^dirde] v. be related by an in-
experiment. Ma mi endu I will give it a law relationship.
try. eskey interj. used to show admiration. ~
enteede v. be weaned. maa I admire you.
entere (nde) act of weaning. etaade v. attempt, essay; try. Ma mi eto I
entude v. wean; sever, will try. Necfao ina foti etaade One ought
to try.
enu (ngu) fish.
etagol (ngol) essay; trial; attempt,
esaas (o) (fr.} gas; petrol. loowde ~ put gas
in the tank, ewre (nde) calabash,
esde V. peel. eyyo foe. part, yes
esiraacfo (o) in-law. esiraabe (be) pi.

28
 faabaade
famcfinde

faabaade v. rescue; help faabo mo rescue faccirde v. decode; elucidate; illustrate.

him. faccude v. flow.
faabaare (nde) rescue salvage, help. faddaade v. close the way to.
faabondirde v. help one another. fadde v. wait for. Fadam Wait for me. Mi
faaboyaade v. go and rescue; help. fadii haa mi tampii I am tired of waiting.
faaburu (ndu) toad; frog prov. Mo damti facfcfaade v. faint. Ko o pacfdiicfo He has
gacfa faaburu ne ko leydi fayi You can fainted.
help only those who want to be helped, facfcfeede v. be less elegant than; be hit by.
faacfde [faadde] v. 1) be narrow 2) be facfcfude V. 1) hit with a stick 2) be better
easily upset 3) become deaf paadgol dressed than someone else. Ko aan facfdi
(ngol). mo You are better dressed than him.
faacfeede v. lack space, be poor. faddinde v. protect with a prayer. Faddin
faacfnude [faannude] v. tighten; narrow, hoore maa hadee maa danaade Say a
faade v. head towards. prayer for protection before you go to
faatude v. return towards. sleep.
faafde v. make a mark with a hoe. paafal faddungo [faddu"go] (ngo) prayer.
(ngal). facfo (ngo) shoe. ~ haamo right shoe. ~
faaleede v. want; desire; love. Mbecfe faala nano left shoe, boornaade ~ wear a shoe.
maa I fancy you. boortude ~ remove a shoe.
faalkisaade v. ignore, faamamuya (o) fafaade v. move while agonising. E ngal
comprehension. fafoo The chicken is agonizing.
faamde v. comprehend, understand. A faggaade v. store food.
faamii Do you understand? faggo (ngo) loading or storage of food.
famminde v. explain; make someone fahcfude [faacfude] v. become deaf
understand. fajiri (o) {ar.} early morning; early morning
faandaade [faa"daade] v. 1) be close to 2) prayer. Fajiri feerii The night is over.
intend. fajjo (ngo) light rain.
faandaare (nde) intent, expectation, hope, fakitde [fakidde] v. be too much; be
faandu [faa"du] (ndu) gourd, excessive. O mo fakiti He is excessive,
faaro (ngo) pride, vanity. O mo heewi fakkude v. be dirty. Ada fakki You are
faaro He acts important, dirty.
faasko (ngo) pubic hair, falaade v. be across; prevent; be an obstacle
to.
faataade v. 1) go past 2) die. O faatiima
He died. falde V. place across. ~ galle close the gate.
faawngude [faaw"gude] v. be feverish. Ko faltaade v. put aside, choose, select.
mi paawngudb I am feverish, faawnude faltude V. open the gate Faltu damal ngal
alt. Open the gate.
faawru (ndu) cache, granary, loft, falanteere (nde) window, uddude ~ close a
faayde v. be worried. A faaynii kam You window, udditde ~ open a window.
got me worried. falkaade v. drink.
faayoore (nde) worry. falo (ngo) farm at the bank of a river. ~
faaynude v. get someone worried. makka corn farm,
faaytude v. fail to recognize. Mi faaytii mo famcfinde v. minimize; minify.
I did not recognize him. famditinde v. belittle, reduce further,
fabbinde v. prolong; adjourn; defer; reduce the size of something that was
procrastinate; postpone. Pabbinen cfum already small.
haa jango Let us postpone it until
tomorrow.

29
fanaa
famcfude v. be little O mo famdi He is
small.
fanaa (o) midday.
fanaade v. cut someone's ear.
fantinde v. exaggerate
fantude v. be too much.
fannu (o) shape; dimension; characteristic.
faram (o) halter.
farayse (o) (fr.} French. O mo haala
farayse He speaks French.
farfitde v. stumble against,
farilla (o) obligation,
faro (tigo) rice,
fasawol (ngol) vein.
fasde V. be boiling. Ndiyam maa fasti Your Naange feerii The sun is up.
water is boiling.
fasnude v. seeth; boil. ~ ndiyam boil water.
fasiraabe (be) people of related social
status. Ko min fasiraabe We have a
similar social status.
fasol] (o) (fr.} mode; model, way; manner,
fatareere (tide) piece of clothing,
fatere (tide) stain,
fattude V. 1) boil 2) be pretty,
fawaade v. rely; be placed upon; depend
upon. Pawii mi ko e maa I depend on feeyvtinde v. straighten.
you.
famle v. bet, place on. ~ kuugal impose a fefindaade [fefi"daade] v. 1)
sentence. Faw mo e keeci nut Put him on
your back.
fawande v. place for someone.
fa^veede v. be placed upon.
fawondirde [faw6"dirde] v. accumulate;
superpose; superimpose; place on top of
fawre (tide) load.
fayande (tide) [fayan"de] cooking pot. fekkoreede
payane (cfe) pi.
fayde v. be fat.
fayfayru (tidii) pride.
faynude v. fatten; make fat.
feccande v. divide for Feccan be kaalis o e maa You are beyond reproach.
Divide the money amongst them.
feccere (tide) semi, half of; share Ndaa
feccere maa Here is your share.
fecitinde (tide) subdivision
feccitaade subdivide.
feccude v. share, divide,
fedande [fedan"de] (tide) sour milk.
fedde put together.
felmaade
fedde (tide) age group, organization; team.
~ dow older age group. ~ les younger age
group. Ko min fedde We belong to the
same age group.
fecfcfeede v. itch,
fecfcfitaade v. be burst,
fecfeendu (tidu) finger. ~ koyngal toe. ~
wordu thumb.
feecde [feejje] v, crack; craze; split; rive,
feende [feenje] v, appear. Naange nge
feenii The sun has appeared,
feer (o) (fr.) iron.
feeraade v. 1) be split up 2) swim,
feerde v. appear, rise; be intelligent; be half
open. O mo feeri She is intelligent
feeteeto (tigo) pond,
feetere (tide) spark.
feewde v. behave; be straight; be good; be
right. Ina feeivi It is good, peeival (tigal).
feeivnitde [feewnidde] v. repair; amend;
renovate; rectify; restore, be ngoni ko e
feewnitde hubeere nde They are
rebuilding the house.
feewnude v. make straight, prepare,
establish; make; devise.
feeivtude v. be repaired; be straight again.
fib; lie;
speculate 2) take a short cut.
feggere (tide) ring. ~ jungo a finger ring. ~
koyngal a toe ring.
fehre (tide) 1) incense burner 2) plan, way,
strategy; method; procedure. ~ wonde an
alternative.
fekkorde v. lose consciousness.
v. be about to lose
consciousness.
felde V. reproach; blame. Ada felnii You
are to blame.
feloore (tide) reproach; blame Feloore alaa
fellitde [fellidde] v. decide. Mi fellitii I have
decided.
feWitere (tide) decision.
felliide V. shoot; execute, fire. ~ diine go to
a holy war. O felli mo e koyngal He shot
his leg.
felmaade v. stumble against, run into
accidentally.
30
felo (lire

felo (tigo) foot track. fewjande v. 1) make food for someone; 2)

fdsitere (nde) half of a cola nut. conspire; plot, be ngoni ko e fewjande
felso (ngo) half of a cola nut. mo They are plotting against him.
felsude v. open into halves (e.g. cola nut). feyvjude v. plan.
fembaade [fem"’baade] v. get shaved; shave fewre (nde) early pregnancy stage.
onself feTde [fejje] v. decorticate, shell. ~ gerte
fembude [fem"'bude] v. shave. O won't ko e shell the peanut.
fembude wahre makko He is shaving his feTTere (nde) chopped branches and trees.
beard. feTTirde v. cut with.
fenaande [fenaa"de] (nde) wrong; lie. cfum feTTude chop trees and branches, hack.
ko fenaande It is a lie. nbde V. 1) make a knot; twist into a string
fende v. lie; distort. A fenii You lied. 2) intend.
fennude v. discredit someone, contradict. fibre (nde) knot, intent pibol (ngdl) alt.
fel]de V. plant; choke; nail; spike. fibtude V. untie.
fefjeede v. be planted. ficcande v. shake for someone.
fennaange (nge) east, huccitde ~ face the ficcude V. shake away. ~ jungo shake the
east. hand away.
fenninde v. make appear; divulge; disclose, ficfande [fid’an"de] (nde) sting.
fendaade [fen"daade] v. coagulate; clot. fidde [fidde] v. 1) sting 2) hit a target.
fendude [fen"dude] v. set milk; condense, ft do (ngo) gonorrhea. O mo wondi e fi do
concentrate; freeze. He has gonorrhea.
feraade v. meet accidentally; stumble ficfcfitde [ficTcfidde] v. 1) shake off again; 2)
against. Ko oto ferii mo He was hit by a deplete. Mifidditii 1 am sold out.
car. fiddude V. 1) shake off, brush off 2)
ferde v. 1) migrate; exile 2) pave. Ko mi deplete.
percfo I have migrated. fii (o) 1) matter; business 2) vagina.
fergitaade v. 1) stumble against 2) bear out fiide V. 1) strike; hit 2) contribute. ~ womre
of wedlock. punch. ~ cukalel e dote spank. O fiyii
fergo (ngo) exodus; migration. buudi sappo He contributed ten monetary
ferlude v. migrate. units.
ferel] (o) (fr.} brake fereljaaji ((fi) pi. fiindirde [fii"dirde] v. clash, hit each other.
ferlo (ngo) hill. fiitaade v. strike back. Fii to Hit him back.
fesaade v. 1) be intelligent; 2) be fiyande [fiyan"de] (nde) a gunshot dum ko
vaccinated. O mo fesii S/he is very fiyande fetel It is a gunshot,
intelligent. O fesaaki He is stupid. fiifaade v. blow one's nose,
fesande [fesan"de] (nde) vaccination mark. fiifiire (nde) hunting of crocodiles;
fesde V. vaccinate; mark a person's face, poaching.
inoculate. fiifoonde [fiifoo"de] (nde) insect,
fesoode (nde) cicatrix; a vaccination mark, fiilaade v. 1) have a period 2) tie a head
fetel (o) (fr.} gun; rifle, fellude ~ shoot. scarf.
loowde ~ load a gun. fiilayru (ndu) period.
feto (ngo) rainwater, fiilde V. 1) tie around a head, 2) appoint a
fettaade v. move while agonizing. chief
fettude V. 1) burst open 2) kick; aim at. ~ fiileede v. be sworn in, accede. O fiilaama
bal kick the ball. He has been appointed a chief
fettuuwo (ngo) sandal.~ a sandal, fiiltude V. dethrone; impeach, topple, untie
fewde V. start pregnancy. nimde v. (fr.j smoke,
nimlude v. desire something strongly.
Hire (nde) wound, disease.

31
 fijde foolde

fijde [fijje] V. play. O woni ko e fijde He is focco (ngo) bird's waste / excrement.
playing. fdccude V. 1) discharge excrement 2) lie.
fijirde (nde) game. ~ sukaabe a boy’s fodde (nde) duty; right.
game. foddore (nde) predicament.
fijirde v. play with something.
focfcfere (nde) 1) pill; tablet 2) pip, stone;
fijirdyde v. go and play with. seed, yarde ~ take a pill,
fijoyde V. go and play. O fijoyii he went to fofpart, whole, total.
play.
foflaade v, clean one's bottom by rubbing it
fijjude V. play with one another, on the sand.
filnitaade v. show anger, fogde V. build (a shelter),
filsideer (o) (fr.j refrigerator, fokaade v. wash by hand; handwash. O
filtinde v. deflect; reject; refute. ~ haala woni ko e fokaade He is washing by hand.
interrupt; trivialize someone’s point offokkitde [fokkidde] v. 1) leave 2) remove
view. from its normal place, be pokkitii They
filtude V. be deflected, just left.
finaade v, tatoo. folde V. jump around,
fino (ngo) tatoo. follere (nde) sorrel.
finde V. wake up. ~ law wake up early. A foIoQ (o) elbow.
finii Are you awake?. fololjtoljru (ndu) elbow,
finde [fin"de] (nde) remembrance. fompude v. wipe.
findinde v. wake up; rouse Findin mo fondude [fon"dude] v. compare; equate;
Wake him up. size up, measure.
finirde v. wake up with, fondaade [fon"daade] v. try on. Fondo
finnude v. be angry n. pinnugol (ngdl). Ko tuuba Art Try the pants on.
o pinnucfo He is angry, fongo [foq"go] (ngo) bank of a river. ~
firde V. construe; translate. ~ haala maayo bank of the river.
translate. fongude [fon"gude] v. remember and say
firo (ngo) translation; change, something during a meal.
firtaade v. be dispersed; be undone; be foobnaade v. lift a person up while
changed. Ahdi men firtiima Our wrestling.
agreement is off. foobre (nde) tree trunk,
firtude V. abrogate; cancel; rescind; change; fooctaade v. be straight.
loosen.
fooctude [fooccude] v. straighten out.
firlaade v. revolve, tumble.
foocfde [foodde] v. draw; tug, pull.
firlude V. surround with,
feTTcfondirde [f66cf6"dirde] v. pull on
firlitde [firlidde] v. sell one's belongings. Mi ends.
firlitii cfum ko booyi I sold it a long time
foofaango [foofaa"go] (ngo) breath;
ago.
breathing, naatnude ~ breathe in. yaltinde
firlorde (nde) restroom. O yahii firlorde ~ breathe out. foofaandu (ndu) ah.
He went to the restroom,
foofde V. 1) breathe; yank 2) rest, cfaccam
fitaade v. agonize; move. mi foof a Let me have some peace.
fittaandu [fittaa"du] (ndu) soul. O alaa foofirde v. breathe with.
fittaandu he has no soul
foofirde (nde) 1) comma 2) nose.
fitina (o) {ar.} quarrel, fight.
fooftaade v. rest. Foof to Take a rest
fittude V. sweep, scavenge. Fitlu Itaa laaba Ngonmi ko e fooftaade I am taking a rest
Sweep it clean.
fooftere (nde) a rest.
fitturu (ndu) fishing with hands,
fodfiude V. be rested, be worry free.
fobbande v. acclaim
foolde V. dominate; defeat, subjugate;
fobbude V. clap, applaud subdue, triumph; win

32
foonde fusande

fooleede v. be defeated, fuddude V. initiate, innovate, create, invent.

foonde [foo"de] (nde) higher ground; bush, Ko kanko fuddi dum He invented it.
foondu [f66"du] (ndu) pigeon; dove, fu dnaange [funnaa"ge] (nde) east.
foorde v. (fr.j be strong; be intelligent. fudnanke [funnapke] (o) easterner.
fooTde [foojje] v. be skinny. O mo fooTi fudtinde Stare; open wide.
s/he is skinny, fudiude [futtude] v. come up again,
fooynude v. brighten. fugu (o) (fr.} soccer.
fooyre (nde) light; aura. fukaade v. give a child his first bath; wash.
foppaade v. oil one's body ~ nebam rub oil fukeede v. get one's first bath,
on one’s body. fukkaade v. fall on the ground, be wealthy.
foppude V. mop; wipe; clean. Foppu haa fukkude v. make fall on the ground. Fukku
laaba Wipe it clean, mo e leydi Throw him on the ground.
forlaade v. return fulbe (be) Fulani people. ~ jeeri nomadic
fornere (nde) sprain; twist. O wondi ko e Fulani. ~ waalo sedentary Fulani.
fornere He twisted his ankle. fulfulde (nde) Fulfulde, Fula language.
forninde v. sprain someone's ankle. fullinaade v. herd for someone,
fornude v. sprain/twist one's ankle, fulfitde [fulfidde] v. come out.
forso (o) (fr.j force. fulkuru (ndu) stomach,
forsude v. (fr.j force. fulia (o) 1) respect; honor 2) hammer. O
fortaade v. lay straight, dum fortaaki It is alaa fuUa He has no self respect.
not straight. fullude V. scatter.
fortude v. extend, stretch out. Fortu koycfe fulnitde [fiilnidde] v. gaze, stare, open eyes
maa Stretch your legs, widely.
foruuje (cfe) golden earrings, fulsinde v. do with haste,
fosin (o) student from Coranic school; fumminde v. lead a holiday prayer.
student. fummorde (nde) area where the two major
fotande [fotan"de] (nde) interval. holiday prayers are held.
fotde [fodde] v. 1) fit; be equal, should 2) fummude v. pray a major holiday prayer.
amount to, cost 3) take a picture. Kambe Min pummii We completed the holiday
poti They are equal. prayer.
fotde [fodde] (nde) duty; obligation, wacfde funaade v. give birth to twins. O funiima
~ do one’s duty, She gave birth to twins.
foto (ngo) picture. funeere (nde) twin brother or sister.
fottude V. meet; encounter n. pottal (ngal). funeebe (be) pi.
Min pottii hande We met today. fundu [fun"du] (ndu) dust, heeyvde ~ be
fowru (ndu) hyena, dusty.
fuccitaade v. explode, burst. furaade v. chide; nag; scold, snarl, yell,
fuccitde [fuccidde] v. burst a pimple, furbaade v. eat watery substance,
fucfaade v. wear perfume, furde V. fade (color).
fudande [fudan'^de] (nde) shoot. furdude v. be covered with dust; be grey,
fucfdaade v. start; begin, commence. Mi furset/b^ {fr.} fork, naamrude ~ eat with a
fuddiima liggaade I have started fork.
working. furtaade v. dash, escape, run away.
fudde [fudde] v. germinate; arise; come up. furtude v. lay an egg.
fudditaade v. start over fuddito start all fusande [fusan"de] (nde) burst.
over again. fusde V. 1) make a hole, burst; break,
fuddoode (nde) beginning, outset, onset, puncture 2) end, finish.
prelude. Fuddoro fuddoode Start from fuseede v. 1) be broken into pieces, 2) be
the ht%\nvL\n%. fuddorde (nde) alt. finished.

33
futtere
futtere (nde) nothing, puttere (tide) alt.
futtinde v. stare, gite puttiniicfe wide open
eyes.
futuro (o) 1) dusk; gloaming; twilight; 2)
sunset prayer. Futoro yonii It is time for
the sunset prayer.
fuucfaade v. henna; lay henna on one’s
palms or feet.
fuucfde [fliudde] v. lay henna on someone’s
palms or feet.
fuufde V. blow, spray.
fuujaade v. make a speech mistake. A
fuujiima You made a speech mistake.
fuujoore (tide) mistake; speech mistake.
fuunde v. rust; rot.
fuunee (o) albinos.
fuunti (o) lure.
fuTere
fuuntude (o) delude; mislead, deceive. O
fuuntu mo He deceived him.
fuupde V. hiss,
fuurna (o) (fr.) stove.
Fuuta (o) Fuuta regioa
fuutanke [fliutagke] (o) native of Futa;
person from Fuuta.
fuuybe (be) fools; foolish persons, puuycfo
sing.
fuuyde v. be foolish; be stupid. Acfa fuuyi
You are acting stupid.
fuuynude v. trivialize, make foolish.
Fuuynu cfum Do not pay attention to it.
fuybaade v. splash around; jump into water.
fuTde [fiijje] v. kill lice.
fuTere (tide) pimple
34
gaa gawe

G
gaa adv. here. Ar gaa Come here, gaay, gajjal (ngal) fish,
gaayenne alt. gakkande (nde) stain.
gaaci (cfi) music. gakkinde v. stain.
gaajaade v. joke, kid around. 6 wont ko e gakkude v. speckle; stain; be stained,
gaajaade He is just kidding, gaajaare
gallaacfi (cfi) horns, allaadu (ndu) sing.
(nde) farce; trifle. Mi alaa e gaajaare I am
not joking, gaajdndiral [gaaj6"diral] galle (o) compound; home; house; facade;
(ngal) joke. enclosure for animals, jom ~ husband. ~
jayvdi park.
gaalcfi (cfi) fa9ade. gaalgol (ngo) sing.
gallu (o) district,
gaali (ki) iron container.
gallude V. be small.
gaamcfo adj. slug; lazy person. Ko a
gaamcfo You are lazy. galol (ngdl) string of waist beads. Galol
maa taTii Your string of beads is broken,
gaanaade v. be hurt
gambol [gam"'b61] (ngdl) dam.
gaahande [gaahan"de] (nde) injury; wound
~ muusnde a serious wound. ganaacfo (o) hated person.
gaande [gaahje] v. hurt; wound. A gaaitii gaiio (o) enemy. O alaa gaho Everyone
mo You hurt him. likes him.
gaaneteecfo (o) vulnerable. gandaacfo [gan"daacfo] adj. renown.
gaaraas (o) (fr.) car parking, naatnude oto gandal [gan^dal] (ngal) knowledge; science;
e ~ park a car (in the garage), loot; competence. keeyvcfo ~
knowledgeable.
gaarawol (ngdl) string; thread,
gando [gan"do] (o) philosopher; lettered.
gaarnol (ngdl) indirect, Ko o gando He very knowledgeable.
gaas (o) {fr.} gaz. gane (cfe) secret language; coded language.
gaawal (ngal) spear. garanke [garal3ke] (o) leather worker. Ko o
gaawol (ngdl) pipeage; tube; canal, asde ~ garanke He is a leather worker.
dig a canal. garba (o) prostitute.
gaay adv. here. Ar gaay Come here, garbaade v. prostitute.
gaaye (cfe) scabies, garbotoocfo (o) prostitute; whore,
gaayeede v. have scabies, garci (cfi) camps.
gaayiicfo adj. reduced; damaged; spoiled, garcinaade v. camp,
gabbel (ngel) small seed. ~ gawri little garde (o) (fr.) guard.
millet seed.
gardiicfo (o) leader, chief; manager. ~
gacce (cfe) shame; scandal. A danii gacce peewcfo a good leader,
Shame on you.
garcfo (o) newcomer, person who just
gaccungol [gaccu"g61] (ngdl) net for arrived.
carrying millet ears or luggage,
gargulle (cfe) ravines.
gacfa (o) behind; bottom. Necfcfo ko hull
gasde V. be finished, cfum gasii It is
ko fof gacfa mum
finished.
ko caggal heedata One cannot change a
gasnude v. conclude, exhaust; deplete,
person’s nature
finish; complete.
gadano adj. first; primitive. ~ o the first.
gasnucfo adj. person who finished his/her
gadiicfo adj. former; fore; predecessor. action; dead person.
mawcfo ~ a forefather,
gatton (kon) small braids, atturu (du) sing.
gafakke (o) nosebag.
gawdi (ki) tree,
gaggitte (cfe) molar teeth, aggutere (nde)
gawe (de) millets.
sing, gaggutte (cfe) alt.
gawri (ndi) millet.
gajawal (ngal) bird.

35
gawlo
gawlo (o) griot. Ko o gawlo He belongs to
the griot caste,
gawoowo (o) fisherman.
gawTal (ngal) millet stalk gawTe (cfe) pi.
gay (di) bulls, ngaari (ndi) sing.
gaybucfo adv. greedy; voracious. Aan ko a
gaybudb You are greedy,
gaynaako (o) shepherd; herdsman; swain,
gaynude v. finish. Mi gaynii I have
finished, gasnude alt.
gecfal (ngal) portion; share. ~ kala a piece.
~ man your share. ~ makko his/her.
geddu (o) enclosure/park for animals.
gedduuji (di) pi.
geddude v. refuse food. Ko o geddu do He
refused to eat.
geec (o) {wol.} ocean; sea. nder ~ in the
ocean, liingu ~ sea fish,
geejol (ngol) crest; tuft.
geenol (ngol) neck; nape of the neck.
juutde ~ have a long neck. O mo juuti
geenol He has a long neck.
geese n. cotton thread. ~ njamala cobweb,
geewaade v. jump. O mo waawi gee^made
He is a skilled acrobat.
geeyvotoodo (o) acrobat,
gelooki (ki) tree,
gennewalla (o) {wol.} half of
gensu (ngu) undershirt; vest.
f
gerde v. court; flirt; philander. O woni ko e
gerde He is flirting.
gerlal (ngal) partridge, bush fowl.
gerngal [ger"gal] (ngal) place for gathering
crops.
gernude v. gather millet ears in a crop
gathering area.
gerte (de) ground peanuts sing.yertere (nde).
gertogal (ngal) hen gertoode (de) pi.
gewol (ngol) crack, geyvi (di) pi.
geworgal (ngal) big calabash,
gidaade v. frighten.
gideede v. be frightened. Ko o gidaado He
cannot not rise up because of fear.
giddude v. threaten; rise up abruptly.
gideede v. be caught by fear Ko o gidaado
He could not rise up because of fear,
gicfel (ngel) darling.~/rtMi my darling.
gido (o) darling; friend.
36
gollorgal
giile (de) vision. Giile makko moTTaani
He does not see well.
gite (de) eyes. ~ mawde big eyes, yitere
(nde) sing.
gijaade v. threaten,
gijili (ki) tree.
gila since; ever since. ~ ndeen since then.
Mi yiyaani mo gila ndeen I have not seen
her since then.
gilcfi (di) worms sing, ngilngu (ngu).
gilli (di) love; feelings. Gilli ina muusi
Love is not easy.
ginal (ngal) pelican.
ginol (ngdl) leash; cord for guiding a
camel/an ox.
gisde V. predict,
giyal (ngal) thorn.
giTiraacfo (o) person of one’s age group;
age-mate.
gobbude V. slog; punch,
gocfcfi (di) other ones.
goddo (o) another person, other, neddo ~
another person.
goddum (cfum) another thing, something
else.
goddoi (ngol) pharynx; throat.
goddude v. desire strongly. Mbede goddi
keen I really would like to have some,
godorol] (o) (fr.j tar.
gokkude v. waste.
golgolal (ngal) jaw bone pi. golgole (de).
f
gollaade v. perform; work. O woni ko e
gollaade S/He is working.
gollal (ngal) activity; deed; task; work,
service; profession, liggeey (o) alt. pi.
golle (de).
gollanaade v. work for. Ngollanii mi ko
hoore am I am working for myself.
gollande v. work for
gollinde v. employ someone; make someone
work.
gollirde (nde) work place.
golloowo (o) a worker.
gollorde (nde) work place.
gollorgal (ngal) tool used for a particular
work.
gollotoodo (o) person who works, person
who is employed.
gollude V. work
golo guutingol

golo Oigo) horse. gorol (ngol) line. Ngol goro! fortaaki This
gombal [gom"'bal] (ngal) empty corn cob, line is not straight.
leafless stalk. gosi (o) porridge.
goncfi ((fi) tears. ~ kecci unreal tears. gostondiral [g6st6"diral] (ngal) trade;
gongol [g6n"g61] (ngol) 1) tear 2) another exchange; interchange.
time. gowe (de) strings of beads.
gondiicTo (o) partner, mate; fellow. Ko min gowlaali (di) screams sing, wowlaango
yvondiibe We are together / we are (ngo). wulaango (ngo) alt.
roommates. gowol (ngdl) string of beads,
goncfo adj. factual; present, goyoowo (o) a crying individual.
goo num. one. ff7/ goo Say one. goytago! (ngdl) complaint.
gooto adj. single; alone; sole; one. hay ~ gdytiido (o) plaintiff. Mi woytiima haa mi
nobody, aan ~ you alone. tampii I am tired of complaining,
gooto! (ngol) once, laawol ~ one time, gufi (di) peels; pods,
once.
gujjittoocfo (o) furtive.
goobde V. dye.
gujjo (o) burglar; robber; thief ~ bey a goat
gooboowo (o) dyer. thief Ko o gujjo He is a thief
goohu (ngn) dye. gukkude v. reject.
goobel (ngel) small drink; little mouthful, gulaali (di) cries, wulaango (ngo) sing.
goodcfo rgoocfcfo] adj. actual, guliitaagol (ngdl) complaint.
gool (o) small calf guUitiido (o) plaintiff. Ko aan woni
goolooli (di) red ants; ants goololol (ngol) guUitiido o You are the plaintiff.
sing. gulwulti (di) confrontation. Wulwulti (o)
goomgal (ngal) threshold goomle (de) pi. sing.
goonga [goonga] (o) truth, haalde ~ tell the gullol (ngdl) umbilical cord.
truth, dum ko goonga It is true. gulucce (de) variety of milk.
goongante [goo"gante] adj. truthful; gulumbol (ngdl) [gulum"f)61] dry stream bed.
trustworthy. Ko o goongante He is
gumbalaa [gu"’balaa] (o) caste specilizing in
trustworthy. woodwork.
goongdinde [g66"gcfinde] v. trust; believe. gumcfo adj. blind; eyeless. Gumdo
Mbede gooljdini Alla I believe in God. Jinganta ko dowoowo mum A blind
goongdindo [g6613cfincfo] adj. devout. person will side with his guide,
goongdingo! [g6613cfing61] (ngdl) belief. gumgummeewi (ki) plant,
goongdude [gool^cfude] v. be truthful; be gundo [gu"do] (o) lizard,
trustworthy, guncfo adj. secret.
gooski (ki) stretcher, guppol (ngdl) laundry. Guppo! maa
goowcfo adj. familiar. laadaani Your laundry is not clean.
gooTol (ngdl) dead bean plant for animal guppoowo (o) launderer.
consumption, gure (de) towns, yvuro (ngo) sing,
goppu (o) spade. gure! (ngel) village, little skin; small town,
goram interj. used to express amazement or guri (di) skins, nguru (ngu) sing. ~ gerte
sympathy, haa goram! it is amazing! peanut shells,
gorgal (ngal) west. guttere (nde) cloud.
gorbal (ngal) strong heavy person/animal. guttu (o) water holder,
gorhe! (ngel) little man; little male animal. guube (de) tree,
gorgilaado (o) paternal aunt. guumi (ki) tree.
gorgo! (o) paternal aunt. guurti (di) recess; vacation, wonde e ~ht
gorko (o) male person; man biddo ~ a son. on vacation.
goro (ko) kola nut alt. woroore (nde). guurtingol (ngdl) revival.

37
ha
ha interj. yes, used to express joy and
approval.
haa adv. till; until. ~ ngaraa until you
come.
haabde v. be fed up Mi haabii (fum I
cannot take it any more.
haabnaade v. be annoying.
haabnude v. upset; frustrate; annoy. Ada
haabnii You are annoying.
haabre (nde) annoyance; frustration,
haacande [haacan"de] (nde) scream.
haacde [haajje] v. vociferate; cry aloud,
scream.
haacfde [haadde] v. be bitter. ~ lamdam be
very salty. ~ suukaara be very sweet. Ina
haadi It is bitter.
haadnude [haannude] v. confine; make
bitter; limit; stop. ~ e keerol stop at the
boundary. Haadnu dum doo Stop it here.
haadiirde [haattirde] (nde) limit. En
njettiima e haadiirde We have reached
the limit
haadiude [haattude] v. stop,
haajde [haajje] v. decide; need. So Alla
haajii If Alla is willing.
haaju (o) need, problem, affair; business,
concern.
mo alaa ~ vagabond, dum wonaa haaju
maa It is not your business. Haalanam
haaju maa Tell me what you need,
haakde v. scrape.
haakeede v. have a cold.
haaktaade v. clear one's throat. O haaktii e
makko He spat on him.
haako (ko) leaves; type of dish.
haala (ka) speech. ~ nokku dialect. ~
njaawka fast speech. ~ maayka useless
speech.
haalande v. tell; inform.
Haalan mo feere men Inform him of our
decision.
haalde v. say, state; speak; chat. ~ dow
speak up. ~ les be soft spoken.
haaldeede v. negotiate; transact. Min
kaaldii ha min nanondirii We have
negotiated and agreed on a price.
haaldude v. talk to each other; negotiate,
transact.
38
habbitde
haalnude v. make someone speak.
haaltude v. disclose,
haameede v. regret.
haame (o) regret.
haande v. be right. Ina haani wonde It
should be.
haandinde v. make someone deserve
something. Make someone worthy of
something.
haandude v. deserve, merit O mo haandi
been she deserves it.
haange [haa"ge] (nge) cow.
haangeede [haa"geede] v. be mad. O
haangaama He lost his mind, kaacd (di).
haaranduru [haara"duru] (ndu) plentiness.
haarde v. be satiated, be full. ~ ndiyam
have enough water. ~ Tii Tam recognize.
haarnude v. satiate; sate,
haare (nde) defense,
haasidaade v. envy.
haasidaagal (ngal) envy; jealousy; egoism.
haaside (o) jealous person.
haatande [haatan"de] (nde) stones on
which the cooking pot rests.
haatumeere (nde) magical symbol,
haawde v. fascinate; stupefy; be puzzling.
haaweede v. be astonished, be puzzled.
Mhede haawaa I am puzzled.
haawnaade v. be puzzling. E dum haawnii
It is puzzling.
haawngo [haawngo] (ngo) puzzle; surprise.
haawniinde [haawnii"de] (nde) mystery;
puzzle.
haawnude v. amaze.
haayde v. urinate. (Usage is restricted to
animals).
haaTde [haajje] v. twist,
haayre (nde) rock; flint; stone. ~ jamaa
diamond. kaaTel manaango thunderbolt,
haaytude v. give up, rescind; cancel, be
kaaytiiyahde They cancelled the trip.
habbitaade v. 1) tie again. 2) untie,
habbitde [habbidde] v. untie. Habbit
juude makko Untie his hands.
habbondirde v. tie together; make a united
front.
habbude v, tie; pack, attach.
habde haraam

habde v. fight be ngoni ko e habde They hakkunde [hakku"de] (tide) center, mid;
are fighting. average, amid; mean, medium; stm\ fedde
habeede v. fight; combat. ~ leydeele an international organization.
habirde (tide) instrument for fighting. hakkundeejo [hakku"deejo] adj. neutral,
habtaade v. fight back. Habto Fight back, medial, adiaphorous.
habrude v. disseminate; inform. ~ kabaaru halal (tigal) belonging; possession,
bondb give bad news. Habra mo property. O rendotaako halal He is
sankaare taane Inform him of your greedy.
grandparent’s death, halde v. be pregnant.
hacfaade v. abstain. halfinaabe (be) delegation, entrusted
hacfde [hadde] (tide) obstacle. people, kalfinaado (o) sing.
hacfde [hadde] v. veto; ban; disallow; deter; halfmde v. empower, entrust. - Allah leave
hinder; impede; interdict. Ko ko hacfaa It in the hands of Allah. Mi halfinii ma
is forbidden. besngu am My family is in your hands.
halfineede v. be entrusted with.
hadiinde [hacfii"de] (tide) dam.
halfude V. be a master; own
hacftaade [hattaade] v. miss. Mi hadtiima
tuuba ba I am missing a pair of pants. haljeende (tide) dilemma,
haddaade v. 1) tie/wear one's sarong/skirt haijinde v. disturb; pester; perturb.
2) be circumcised. haljude v. be busy. Mbede halji I am busy.
haddaare (tide) sarong, habbude ~ mum halkaade v. perish; be destroyed. O halkii
tie one’s sarong, tellinde ~ mum untie ma He perished.
one’s sarong. halkaare (tide) peril.
haddinaade v. be circumcised. halkude v. destroy,
haddinde v. circumcise. hallere (tide) penis,
haddude v, tie a sarong for someone, hamdaat (o) measurement,
hadee before. ~ maayahde before you go. hamde v. wring out clothing.
hafeere (tide) (fr.j affair, business, dum ko hamTude v. squeeze hammayeroyel (tigel)
hafeere maa That is your business. kingfisher.
haftaade v. rise up suddenly. Hafto Get up. hammu (o) concern O alaa haaju o alaa
haggude v. be stopped, hammu He has no concern,
hajaade v. forbid; prevent, hanawere (tide) profile; one side of the
face.
hajjoyde v. go on a pilgrimage to Mecca. O
hajjoyii He went on a pilgrimage to handaade v. lock up.
Mecca. hande v. bray,
hajju (o) pilgrimage to Mecca. hande [han"de] (o) today,
hajjude v. pilgrimage to Mecca, hande [hanje] v. ejaculate,
hakde v. contest while wrong. A hakii mo hanki [hal]ki] (o) yesterday. ~ men past;
You cheated him. history. ~ jammad last night. Mi yii mo
hakeede v. be denied. haljki I saw him yesterday,
hakindaare [haki"daare] (tide) moderation, hanti part. then.
hakke (o) right, dum ko hakke maa That is happaade v. claim someone's belongings,
your right. happu (o) term; limit. Ko jogii - finite, ko
hakkilante (o) intelligent person. alaa ~ infinite.
hakkilde v. have a brain; make sense; be haraam (o) sin; taboo dum ko haraam It
thoughtful. O hakkilaani He has no sense. is forbidden.
hakkille (o) brain; sense; mind. Hakkille harminde v. forbid. ~ sangara quit drinking
makko ko ko ustii He is senile. 0 alaa forever.
hakkille He has no sense, harmube (be) cursed people karmudo
hakkitde [hakkidde] v. help; save. Kakkitee sing.
kam help! help!

39
haraango heeraade

harmude v. be forbidden. Ina harmi It is hebtinde v. recognize. A hebtinii mo Do

forbidden. you recognize him?
haraango [haraa"go] (ngo) snoring, karaali hebtude v. regain; recapture; repossess. ~
(di) pi hakkille necfdo convince someone, be
harde v. snore. O yvoni ko e harde He is kebtii galle makko They repossessed his
snoring. compound,
hare (tide) fight; conflict; affray; struggle; hebbere (tide) thorn.
strife; warfare; combat, hebbinde v. fill up. Mi hehbinii maaro I
harfeere (tide) letter of the alphabet, have gathered plenty of rice.
harlude v. twist round. Harlu ToTa Make heblaade v. get ready for prayer. Mi
it stick. hebliima I am ready for the prayer,
harsude v. make a slip-knot, heccicfde v. 1) be wet 2) be unripe,
hartaade v. chide; express disapproval. heccude v. be older than Ko kanko heccu
hartaango [hartaa"go] (ngo) thunder noise. maa He is older than you.
hartude v. 1) chase birds away 2) be very hecfaade v. listen.
salty. hecAaade [hettaade] v. listen carefully; hark.
hasbude v. judge, Hecfio paamaa Listen carefuly so that you
understand.
hasde v. initiate.
heddaade v. remain; be left over; remain;
hasnude v. shroud. O hasnaama He is
maintain. ~ e uphold,
ready for burial.
heddude v. leave over,
hattande v. be able to; be capable of Mi
hattanaani C/MW I am not able to do it. hecfcfaawo (ngo) barrier,
hawde v. 1) charge with the head 2) prevail; hedde adv. around; near; towards. ~ toon
win; defeat. around that area,
hawngo [hav/’go] (ngo) edge of a boat, hecfcfere (tide) clot.
hawjude v. be foolish, hee interj. calling word (used to attract
someone's attention),
hawrinde v. join.
heedande v. advocate; side with.
hawritde [hawridde] v. meet again;
coincide. heedde v. be situated, be located. Hoi to
cfum heedi Where is it located?
hawrdyde v. go and meet. Kmvroyen toon
Let us meet there. heednude [heennude] v. place something in
a particular position.
hawrude v. encounter, agree; converge;
concur; coincide. Mi hawrii e ntakko I heedtinde [heettinde] v. place in another
met with him. place. Heedtin cfum gaa Place it over
here.
hay conj. even, not even. ~ huunde
nothing. heedtude [heettude] v. change places.
hayde v. float, dal haya Let it float. heecfelde (tide) broken piece of a water
holder.
hay ngo [hay"go] (ngo) floating; current.
heefande [heefan"de] (tide) scraped out
hay nude v. make float,
area.
hayyo part, welcome. Hayyoo ntaa It is so
heefde v. scrape out.
good to see you.
heeforicfde [heeforidde] v. sin.
hebaade v. get ready. O ivoni ko e hehaade
He is getting ready, heege v. starvation; dearth, famine; hunger.
wondude ^ ~ be hungry.
hebbaade v. catch while in the air.
heegeede v. be starving; be famished.
hebbitaade v. interrupt, intervene.
Mbecfe heegaa I am famished,
hebde v. obtain; gain, achieve; receive;
been adv. in. nder ~ in it.
acquire; attain. Mi hebii bataake ntaa I
received your letter heenere (tide) liver,
hebirde v. get with. heeraade v. select; delimit.
hebdyde v. go and reach/get. heertaade v. delimit.

40
heewbe
heewbe adj. several; various, yimbe ~ many hettande V. buy new clothing for. O
people.
heewde v. be plenty, cfum heewii It is full, gown.
hejere (nde) isolated area.
hejjinde v. make someone go early in the heTde [hejje] v. fit in. dum heTii e maa
morning.
hejjude v. go very early.
helande [helan"de] (nde) break; fracture.
helde v. break; cut; shatter; smash. ~ hoore
become senile.
heltaade v. break again; break into pieces.
heltinde [heltin"de] (nde) piece of.
heltude v. break off.
hellande v. acclaim.
hello (ngo) clap; slap; smack fiide ~ e
kakkille slap in the face.
hellude v. clap; applaud,
hellere (nde) fruit.
hellifeede v. become adult; maturate; be
mature. Ko a maw do kellifaado You are
a mature person,
helmere (nde) word,
henaade v. be in a hurry; rush; hurry.
hehaare (nde) hurry; rush; haste.
hendu [hen"du] (ndu) wind, dum ko hendu
It is not true.
hendude [hen"dude] v. be open; clean,
hentude v. remove and set aside,
heppere (nde) impatience, keppugol (ngol)
alt.
heppude v. be impatient. Mhede heppi ko o
arata I can’t wait for his arrival; I can’t
wait to see him.
herde v. 1) crow 2) be solid 3) laugh.
herkitde v. [herkidde] laugh,
hersinde v. scandalize; humiliate; shame.
hersude v. be ashamed. Mi hersii I am
ashamed.
herTude v. feel sand grains while chewing,
hesande [hesan"de] (nde) tuff of trimmed
grass.
hesde v. trim; cut; mow, shear. O wont ko e hinnaade v. take good care of
hesde hudo He is trimming the grass,
hescfitinde v. renew. ~ sallige mum renew
one’s ablution.
hesdude v. be new. Ina hesdi It is new.
hetde [hedde] v. clot; coagulate.
hettere (nde) piece; clot. ~ tehv steak. ~
TiiTam a clot. ~ leydi a piece of land.
41
hippaade
hettanii kam wutte He bought me a new
hettude v. buy new clothing.
Does it fit you?
heycfude v. be hungry Mbede Iteydi I am
hungry.
heytaade v. be careful,
hibbude V. close
hiicfaade v. oppress.
hiicfcfude v. be old. comci kiiddi old
clothing.
hiinnitaade v. be selfish.
hiirde V. be night. Jamma o hiirii The night
is late/ young.
hiisa (o) measurement, estimate.
hiisaade v. assess; estimate; gauge,
measure.
hiiteede v. be unfortunate,
hijaago (ngo) neigh,
hijde [hijje] v. neigh.
hijjude V. spell, read syllable by syllable. O
woni ko e hijjude He is learning to read
syllables.
hikka this year. So wonaani hikka wona
mo wuuri If it is not this year it will be
next year.
hikkitde [hikkidde] v. cry.
hilleede v. be interested,
hiltude V. found.
himmude v. be a hard and consciencious
working person; be consciencious. O mo
himmi He is very consciencious.
himTude v. squeeze.
hinaade v. remove grains from the ear.
hindirbe [hi"dirbe] (be) people of similar
ethnic group/caste.
hinde [hin"de] (nde) tribe, caste
hiIIere (nde) nose. Ko faati e ~ nasal
wuddere ~ a nostril 0 mo juuti hinere He
has a long nose,
h in nude v. greet
hippaade v. lay on one’s stomack. Hippo
Lay on your stomack.
hippitde [hippidde] v. Open; uncover.
hippoode (nde) cover, lid, hood
hiraande
hippude V. 1) cover 2) wear inside out. ~
wutte mum wear one’s gown inside out.
hiraande [hiraa"de] (tide) supper, deftude ~
finish cooking supper, sagginde ~ begin
cooking supper.
hirbude v. catch, apply pressure; close on.
hirde v. 1) be jealous 2) be cooked
improperly. Ko o kirdb He is jealous,
hirke (o) saddle.
hirnaange [hirnaa"ge] (nge) west, huccitde
~ face the west, gorged (ngal).
hirnanke [hirnat]ke] (o) westerner,
hirndude [hir"dude] v. leave in the
afternoon.
hirsude v. 1) slaughter, cut the throat 2)
overcharge. O hirsumo He overcharged
him.
hirtaade v. eat supper; dine. ~ law eat
dinner early, leelde ~ eat dinner late. Mi
hirtiima I have eaten dinner,
hisde V. be well. A hisii Are you well?
hitaande [hitaa"de] (tide) year. ~ kala
annual.
hiwaade v. be bent. O mo hiwii He can not
not stand straight,
hiwde V. chase birds off fields,
hobaade v. remove grains from the ear.
hobbitde [hobbidde] shell.
hobde V. shell.
hobre (tide) shell; cover.
hobtude V. shell.
hoccude v. pick up. ~ kaalis find money on
the ground.
hoede [hojje] v. be thorny,
hocfaade v. be a host.
hodande [hocfan"de] (tide) inhabited area.
hodande v. play the guitar for someone.
hodde V. 1) populate; reside, live; settle,
inhabit 2) play the guitar. Ko toon o hodi
He lives there.
hoddude [hoddude] v. live with; be a
neighbor. Kambe koddi They are
neighbors.
hodnude [honnude] v. accommodate.
hodorde (tide) house; accommodation;
habitat. ~ laamdo palace; castle
hocfdu [hoddu] (tidu) guitar piyoowo ~
guitar player./?/</£ ~ play the guitar,
hombitande
hoddere (tide) dish,
hem.
hoddiro (tigo) destiny.
42
hombitande
hodoore (tide) shell
hofaade v. sit on one's crossed legs; be
bent.
hofde V. bend. ~jungo fold one’s arm.
hofnude v. visit
hofru (tidu) knee tumhude ~ kneecap.
hogaade v. be crooked.
hogde V. make a hook.
hoggo (tigo) tusk; nib.
hogolde (tide) fruit.
hojom (o) minute.
hokde V. close tightly.
hokkere (tide) drought; shortage. Amin
ngondi e hokkere We are experiencing a
shortage of rain.
hokkude v. lack rain. Nokku o ina hokki
no feeyvi This region needs rain.
hokkitde [hokkidde] v. separate, loosen a
grip
hokkondirde v. give each other.
hokkude v. give; offer. ~ yeru exemplify;
give an example.
hokondirde [h6k6"dirde] v. cure by body
contact.
hoi proti. which; who; what. ~ toon where.
~ oon who. Hoi to paadaa Where are you
going?.
holbundu [h61bu"du] (ndu) ankle.
holde V. lack clothing. Mhede holi I lack
clothing.
holtinde v. buy clothing for someone.
holtude V. have clothing.
holfere (tide) shout.
holfo (tigo) wooden spoon.
hollalde (tide) hard ground near the river.
hollinde v. show; show oneself
hollirde v. expose. O woni ko hollirde
miijo makko He is just giving his opinion.
hollitde V. show.
hollondirde [h6116"dirde] v. introduce;
acquaint.
hollude V. show; present. ~ miijo mum
suggest. ~ laawol show the way. ~ miijo
make a suggestion,
holnaade v. cut nails.
holsere (tide) 1) foot (of and animal); hoof
2) a cow or an ox.
[h6m'"bitan"de] removal of
honde
hombitde [h6m"'bitde] v. remove the hem. horaade v. fail. Mi horiima yiide mo I
hombude [h6m"'bude] v. hem. Hombanam failed to see him; I could not see him.
tuuba ba Can you hem the pants for me? horde v. 1) be tired 2) be empty, bunndu
honde v. raid, plunder; foray; ransack. ndu horii The well’s dried up.
hongude [h6I3"gude] v. knock; sound.
Hongu hadee maa naatde Knock before
you enter.
hood ere (nde) star. ~ siirtotoonde a
shooting star.
hoolaade v. trust; rely. Mbecfe hooli maa I
trust you.
hoolaare (nde) trust.
hooleede v. be trusted, be trustworthy.
hoolkisaade v. distrust.
hooltaade v. peel, skin; carve. ~ cegeneeji
cut nails.
hooltude V. peel; carve,
hoomto (ngo) unwariness.
hoomtude v. make someone unwary,
hoohde v. be overcooked. Maaro maa
hoonii Your rice has been overcooked,
hoohoidu (ndu) snail,
hoontinde v. milk.
hoontude v. suck before the cow is milked.
Nge hoontii The heifer has sucked the
cow before it was milked,
hooram hooram (o) egoism.
hoore (nde) head. ~ muusoore headache. ~
kala apiece. ~ haala the beginning of the
talk.
hoorde v. fast. Kd mi koorcfo I am fasting.
hoornaade v. fake fasting.
hoorngo [hoor"go] (ngo) fasting.
hoortude v. break fasting,
hoosde V. plunder; win all opponent’s
possessions.
hootde [hoodde] v, return home. ~ to jeyaa
return to one’s home O hooti he returned
home.
hootonde [hooton"de] (nde) earring,
hoowde V. copulate.
hooweede v. be made love to.
hoowoyre (nde) insect.
hooTeede v. be hungry Mbecfe hooTaa I
am hungry
hooynaade v. look up. Hooynaade ko
hebataa ko hebbinde gite mum loji One
should have realistic expectations.
43
huccaango
horde (nde) calabash,
horeeru (ndu) relative,
horfinaade v. sit on one's knees,
horkitde [horkidde] v. dig; irritate,
horlinde v. open up.
hormere (nde) shelled corn ear.
horndolde [hor"dolde] (nde) ant hill,
horoore (nde) shell.
horsinde v. cherish; pamper. Mbecfe
horsini mo I cherish him.
horsineede v. be cherished.
horsude v. be cherished.
hortaade v. be very tired, be worn out. Ko
mi kortiicfo I am worn out.
hortinde v. finish pounding. Mi hortinii I
finished pounding.
hortude v. pound grain into flower.
diggude alt.
horwaade v. wind into balls.
howde V. seclude; barricade, enclose;
hedge, gird. O howii galle o He built a
fence for the house,
hoybinde v. alleviate.
hoyde v. be light. ~ e leydi be agile. O mo
hoyi He is light.
hoyficfde [hoyfidde] v. be light,
hoyde v. be ashamed. A hoyii sh?" on
you.
hoy nude v. shame. A hoynii mo You made
him ashamed.
hoTde [hojje] v. give water to drink,
hoycfitaade v, ejaculate while dreaming.
hoycfude v. dream. ~ necfcfo dream about
someone.
hoTTudu (ndu) neck; back of the neck;
scruff. ~juutndu a long neck,
hubbude V. light, ablaze; kindle; stoke;
ignite, glow. ~ oto start a car. ~ jeyngol
start a fire.
hubde V. chase, bleat.
hubeere (nde) building. ~ bakke a mud
building.
huccaango [huccaa"go] (ngo) direction
toward.
hucfde huywere

huccinde v. direct toward. ~ fudhaange hurgo (ngo) woven reed fence.

direct East. hurkaTere (nde) laterite stone,
huccitde [huccidde] v. face. hurmude v. be black.
huccude v. head for. ~ laakara go to hell. hurjo (ngo) holidays, yahde ~ go on
Hoi to kuccu cfaa Where are you headed?, vacation.
hucfde [hudde] v. curse. hurtaade v. move to the husband's
hucfeede v. be cursed, compound. O hurtiima She moved to her
huddu (ndu) enclosure, husband’s compound.
hucfo (ko) grass. ~ sihvre turf, hurtinde v. bring the wife to one's
compound,
hudusuru (ndu) leather gourd,
husde V. sew.
huftude V. shell.
husere (nde) piece of meat. ~ feeiv a piece
hujja (o) n^\. jogaade ~ have a right,
of meat.
hulbinde v. scare; daunt, terrorize; startle,
hutaade v. despise Mhecfe hutii mo I
terrify. A huldinii mo You scared him.
despise him.
hulde V. be afraid of; dread. ~ reedu be
huttooru (ndu) iguana,
afraid of Alaa ko o hull He is not afraid
of anything. huttude V. skin.
hulnde [hul"de] (nde) bell. Hulnde nde huudaade v. leave early morning. O
siljlii The bell rang. huudiima He left early in the morning.
hulquum (o) pharynx. huufde V. hold in arms resting on one’s
legs.
humam binne (o) ignorant person;
illiterate. Ko a humam binne You are huufnude v. place in front of someone,
ignorant. huunaade v. boast.
humande v. wed. Mi humanii I have huunaango [huunaa"go] (ngo) bellow;
gotten engaged. lowing.
humaneede v. be wed; be engaged. huunde v. moo; bellow.
humde v. tie to. ~ dewgal tie the knot. huunde [huu"de] (nde) thing; object, hay ~
humtude v. 1) untie 2) remove a spell. nothing; nought; none; zero. ~ kala
Humtu nagge nge Untie the cow. everything.
humbaldu [hu"’baldu] (ndu) musical huuncfude [huunTude] v. be greedy; be
instrument. voracious.
humbude [hum'^bude] v. float, huurde v. cover, surround with woven
reed, leyvru huurndu the whole month.
humpeede v. ignore, be unaware; be
without news of Mhecfe humpaa mo I huureede v. be covered,
have no news concerning him. huusde V. remove hair,
humpitaade v. be informed. huutoraade v. utilize, exploit,
humpitde v. inform. Humpitam Keep me huuwde V. work,
informed. huwde V. 1) defecate 2) lie.
humpude v. be unknown. huywere (nde) vagrant; useless person. Ko
hunaade v. memorize; recite. o huynvere He is useless.
huhde [hufije] v. lift or to roll clothing up. huywinde v. cause someone to be useless/a
hundude [hun"dude] v. roof. ~ suudu roof vagrant.
a house with woven reeds. huywineede v. be considered useless/a
hunuko (ko) mouth, ko faati e ~ oral. vagrant.
mubbude ~ shut up. hupvude V. wander.
hurbaango [hurbaa"go] (ngo) roar.
hurbude v. roar.

44
ibliis iwlaade

ibliis (o) {ar.} satan; devil, baggel ~ devil’s inna (o) mother.
drum, golle ~ devil’s work, reentaade ~ innama (o) being. ~ aadee human being,
stay away from devilish deeds,
inde [in"de] (nde) 1) name 2) naming
iccitaade v. cry. cermony. ~ deftere chosen name, first
idaade v. be first. Idaade buri wattindaade name. Ko
It is better to be first than last. Ko kanko dum woni inde maa That is your first
adii He arrived first, adaade alt. name.
idoraade v. start with. Idoro toon Start inniraado (o) namesake.
from there, iinnirde v. name after. Mi innirii ma
iicaade v. cry. Muusaa I name you after Muusaa.
iilde V. sneeze. innitaade v. say one's,
iircfude v. be dark; be stormy. Asamaan o genealogy. Innito Tell me your genealogy.
iirdii It is stormy. innitde [innidde] v. rename.
iirtaade v. 1) be angry 2) be painful, innitoore (nde) genealogy.
iirtondirde [iirt6"dirde] v. be mixed. innude v. baptize; dub.
iirtude v. dig out; stir up. ~ barme stir the -ir suf. instrumental suffix; by means of.
pot. ~ hakkille necfdb render a person helirde jungo break with the hand.
insane/senile.
iraade v. be covered with sand, be buried;
iirtugol (ngdl) stirring up. bury oneself
ikkaade v. go aside. irde v. cover with sand, bury,
ikkinde v. put aside. ittindirde [itti"dirde] v. separate.
ilam (dam) flood, ~ keeyvdam a major ittirde v. remove with. Ittir dum peel
flood. remove it with a shovel.
ilde V. flow; spread over. Ilam ilii The river ittude V. 1) abolish; subtract; remove;
is high. deduct 2) be plenty.
ilol (ngdl) stream. ittugol (ngdl) ablation; removal,
ilowol (ngdl) excavation; thalweg, ittital (ngal) type of soil,
ilbude V. shine; flash, iwde V. 1) originate from; come from; be
ilkinaade v. scream, from 2) stop.
illaa part, except. ~ aan except you. iwdi (ndi) origin, source. Hoi iwdi maa
immaade v. rise. ~ law rise early. Immo What is your origin?
dow Get up. ummade alt. iwrude v. come by way of Iwru gaa Come
imminde v. make rise; make stand. this way.
umminde alt. iwtude V. return from; leave. Mi iwtii toon
imsinaade v. repent gila ko booyi I left that place a long time
imsinaango (ngo) repentance, ago.
in suf. causative suffix. Mo TTin dum Do it iwlaade v. warm oneself at the fire.
well.

45
jaabaade jabbere

jaabaade v. answer. Jaaho mo Reply to jaarde v. commend; eulogize; thank, be

him. ngoni ko e jaarde nelaado They are
jaabawol (ngol) reply; answer. Lamndal praising the Prophet.
naamnii ko jaabawol A question requires jaareejo (o) griot.
an answer. jaarnude v. give thanks to.
jaabtaade v. reply. ~ dataake reply to a jaaroowo (o) praise singer,
letter. jaarga (o) head, chief
jaabondirde v. answer one another. jaasde v. be useless; be stupid. O mo jaasi
jaabe (de) fruit from a jaabi tree, yaabre He is useless.
(nde) sing. jaasdo adj. useless person.
jaabi (ki) jujube tree, lekki - jujube tree, jaasre (nde) uselessness.
jaacfde [jaadde] v. be numb. Jungo am ina jaasi (ki) matchet; saber.
jaacfi My arm is numb.
jaawando [jaawan"do] (o) type of griot.
jacfdinde v. stiffen; harden.
jaawcfo adj. prompt; fast; swift; rapid.
jacfcfude V. 1) be stiff; be hard 2) be numb. neddo - a fast person.
Jaafiicfo adj. person who gave forgiveness, jaawngal [jaaw"gal] (ngal) guinea fowl.
jaafotoocfo adj. merciful. Alla ko jaawle (de) pi.
jaafotoocfo God is merciful.
jaawnaade v. be intelligent,
jaajcfo [jaaTTo] adj. vast, wide; patient. Ko jaawre (nde) antilope.
o necfcfo jaajdb He is patient.
jaaTaade v. return safely. A jaaTiima Did
jaaje type of grass, you arrive safely.
jaajude v. be executed, jaaTtagol (ngdl) 1) safe arrival/joumey 2)
jaakde v. be troubled, be puzzled, have a speeding; acceleration.
dilemma. Mbecfe jaaki I do not know jaaynde [jaay^de] (nde) announcement.
where to turn to.
jaaynirgal (ngal) publicity device.
jaaklude v. be troubled, be puzzled,
jaaynude v. publicize, announce, make
jaakre (nde) wonder; dilemma, public. O woni ko e jaaynude He is
jaalaade v. show grief making a public announcement.
jaalal (ngal) pillar; stake, jaayngal [jaay"gal] (ngal) announcement,
jaaltaabe (o) fisherman's title. jaayre (nde) planet.
jaande |jaan"de] (nde) grass for cattle. O jabande v. allow; grant. - ngantu accept
addoyii jaande He went to get grass for someone’s excuse.
animal consumption. jabde V. agree; admit; nod; adopt; approve;
jaandere [jaan"dere] cattle food; grass for concede. Mijabii I accept.
animal consumption. jabgol (ngdl) adhesion; acceptance.
jaandu [jaan"du] (ndu) private land, jabbaade v. welcome. ~ ko do welcome a
jaane (de) excrement; feces; cow dung, guest.
jaangde [jaa"gde] v. be cold. Ina jaangi it jabbaaru (o) God.
is cold. jabbe (de) tamarind trees; tamarind fruit.
jaangeede [jaa"geede] v. be cold. Mbede jabbi (ki) tamarind tree,
jaangaa I am cold.
jabbere (nde) holes for sowing, reende -
jaangol |jaa"gol] (ngdl) cold; cold weather. mum be careful.
— cadtungol a bitter cold.
jabbirgal (ngal) farming tool used for
jaandu |jaan"du] (ndu) type of bird. making holes for sowing.
jaaraania thanks, well done. Alla - thanks jabbitaade v. dig holes for sowing a second
be to Allah. A jaaraama I thank you. time.

46
jaggitaade jaroowo

jabbude v. make holes for sowing. O woni jamminde v. be night, cfum jamminii The
ko e jabbude He is making holes for night has come / The night is well
sowing. advanced.
jaggitaade v. Hold tight; grab tightly. jananaacfo (o) certain; sure acfa yananaa
Jaggoowo (o) holder. Are you sure?.
jaggude V. 1) grasp; record; 2) arrest, hold. janano someone else's. debbo ~ someone
Ko hande be njaggi mo They arrested else’s wife.
him today. jangde [ja"gde] (tide) education;
jaggugol (ngdl) grip. instruction; literacy. ~ tercfe anatomy, ko
jahdiicfo (o) companion. ~ boncfo a bad faati e ~ pedagogical. ~ tercfe anatomy.
companion. ~ mo TTo a good companion. janginde |jaq"ginde] v. educate; instruct;
jakre (tide) hollow, lecture, teach.
janginoowo [jal3"ginoowo] (o) lecturer;
jalahokoore (tide) small white shell,
instructor; educator. ~ hanki men a
jalboowo adj. shiny. history teacher.
jalbude v. radiate; twinkle; shine. Ina jalbi jangirde [ial]"girde] (tide) school.
It is shining.
jangoowo (jal3"goowo] (o) learner; reader;
jalbucfo adj. shining. student. Ko o jangoowo He is a student.
jalbugol (tigol) shine. jangude [jar)"gude] v. read; decipher;
jalde V. laugh, sneer. ~ necfdo laugh at study, learn.
someone jangucfo (jaI3"gucfo] adj. literate,
jaleecfe (cfe) laughter, laughs. jandere [jan"dere] (tide) type offish,
jalkitde [jalkidde] v. deride, fleer; gibe; fout; janfa (o) treason; betrayal.
scoff; laugh at.
janfaade v. betray; traduce. A janjiima
jaleede v. be laughed at. koreeji maa You betrayed your relatives.
jalniicfo adj. funny. Ndaw ko jalnii He is so janfotoocfo (o) traitor. Ko o janfotoocfo He
funny. is a Xx?i\\.or.janfanke (o) alt.
jalnoowo (o) comedian. Ko o jalnoowo He jango 0^D"go] (o) tomorrow, haa ~ until
is a comedian. tomorrow.
jalnude v. make someone laugh. Ko kanko jankiniicfo adj. modest, chaste, ko o
jalni mi He made me laugh, necfcfo jankiniicfo he is a modest person.
jale (cfe) hoes, hoe blades Jalo (ngo) sing, jal]taade v. testify; narrate; relate, report;
jalo (ngo) hoe; hoe blade, relay, explain.
jalla fishing net. jaljtagol (ngdl) narration; narrative; report.
jalli griot. jaljtotoocfo (o) narrator; reporter.
jam (o) peace. ~ tan peace only. Yo Alla jantondiral (tigal) coalition; alliance.
rokku jam Get well. jantucfo (o) participant.
jamjam adv slowly, gently, waarude ~ do jappeere (tide) saddle, pad.
something slowly. jappude V. lay; saddle.
jamaa (o) far.) daily prayer place. O jarabi (o) temptation.
juuloyii jamaa He went to say his prayers
jarribaade v. test, tempt. Ngonmi ko e
at the daily prayer place,
jarribaade mo I am tempting him.
jamaanu (o) {ar.} era; world today. ~
booycfo bennucfo antiquity. ~ hande o jarde V. be worth; amount to. Ina jari cfum
the world today; nowadays, It is worth it / It is not expensive.
jamba (jam"'ba] rice seedlings, jarnude v. be sold out. Mi jarnii I am sold
out.
jambere [jam"’bere] (tide) ax, tomahawk,
jardugal (tigal) pipe for smoking,
jamiroowo (o) chief; individual who gives
orders. jarlal adj. female animal, hen.
jamma (o) night. ^ hande tonight. ~ jaroowo (o) drinker. ~ sangara a person
juutcfo a long night who drinks alcohol.

47
jatde
jatde [jadde] v. stretch,
jattinaade v. resist; revolt
jattiniicfo (o) obstinate,
jawdi (fidi) 1) cattle, animals
possessions, golle ~ savage. ~ maa your JeeTere (nde) panic.
belongings.
jawdiyanke (o) wealthy person,
jawel (tigel) small bracelet.
jawo (ngo) bracelet. ~ jungo a wrist jejji (di) ohWxon. jejjitgol (ngdl) sing,
bracelet. ~ koyngal an ankle bracelet,
jawwinde v. smoke, light a fire. O mo
jmvyvina he smokes.
jmvyvude v. glow; catch fire, cfum jmvwii It
caught fire,
jayde v. swing.
jaylaade v. walk hurriedly; pick hurriedly.
jebbilaade v. renounce; give up, accept, be jengude [jel3"gude] v. be late. Jamma
submissive. Mi jebbiliima I give up.
jebe (nge) cow.
jeeboowo (o) spectator,
jeecfibo (o) seventh.
jeecficfi seven, balcfe ~ seven days, laabi ~
seven times.
jeefulbe Arcfo's first wife,
jeegom num. six. sappo e ~ sixteen,
jeemaayo (o) fisherman’s first wife,
jeenabo num. the ninth.
jeenay num. nine.
jeenayo num. the ninth person in rank,
jeere (nde) mart, market. O yahii jeere He
went to the market,
jeeri (ndi) higher grounds,
jeertaade v. have a hunch; notice. Mi jeerti jeyba (ka) pocket, nder ~ in the pocket.
I had a hunch.
jeertagdi (ngdl) hunch.
jeertinde v. profess; warn; deliver a
message.
jeertinoowo (o) messenger.
jeerto (ngo) hunch; warning.
jeertoyaade v. patrol.
jeertungo [jeertu"go] (ngo) hunch,
jeetabal num. the eighth.
jeetati um. eight
jeewal (ngal) big first wife.
jeeyvel (ngel) little first wife.
jeeivo (o) first wife. Ko kanko woni jeeyvo
maa She is your first wife.
jihe
Jeewaacfo adj. lonely Ko mi jeexvaacfo I
am lonely.
jeewnucfo adj. nostalgic.
2) Jeewru (ndu) cabin, room.
jeeTude v. panic.
jeeyoowo (o) salesperson; vendor; trader.
Ko o jeeyoowo He is a salesperson.
jejjitoowo (o) forgetful Ko o jejjitoowo He
is forgetful.
jelde V. mark. O woni ko e Jelde nay di He
is putting marks on the cows.
jeloode (nde) mark.
jelotoocfo (o) beggar, sakkaade ~ give
charity to the beggar.
jengii The night is late.
jennooje (de) disparaging remarks.
njennoor (o) sing.
jennoowo (o) person who makes
disparaging remarks, yennude v.
jerbugol (ngdl) earthquake; shaking. ~
leydi seism; cataclysm.
jettagol (ngdl) arrival,
jewde V. exist,
jeyaacfo (o) slave.
jeyal (ngal) ownership.
jeyde v. own; possess; pertain. Ko miin Jey
dum It is mine.
Jeyeede v. belong; pertain. Mbede yicH
Jeyeede e fedde mon I would like to be
part of your age group,
jeyngol fire. ~ jahannama
hell.
jeysi (o) type of dance; fantasia.
jeysude v. dance.
-ji plural suffix, tuubaaji (di) the pants.
jibidineede v. be born with.
jibinande (nde) offsprings
jibinde v. yield, engender; teem; give birth.
~ diddo debbo give birth to a daughter.
jibingdl (ngdl) birth.
jibinoowo adj. fecund; fertile,
jicfgol (ngdl) affection; liking,
jiggoore (nde) caravan,
jihaadi (o) {ar.j holy war.
jihe (de) squirrels. Jihre (nde) sing.
48
jiiba
jiiba (oj carcass; kelt; carrion.
jiibde v. die and rot.
jiibaade v. be confused. Ko o jiidiicfo He is jimoowo (o) singer. Ko o jimoowo She is a
confused.
jiibde V. mix; confuse.
jiibre (tide) mixture of mud, water and jinde v. commit adultery. Ko o jin do He
animal waste.
jiibru (tidu) confusion,
jiidal (ngal) sight. Jiidal See you later.
Jiyoowo (o) person who sees, yiide v.
jiidde v. copulate with the bride.
jiidgdl (ngdl) defloration; copulation.
jiidigal (ngal) act of being related, relation;
kinship.
jiidude v. be related.
jiilagol (ngdl) 1) adventure, search 2)
turning around; swirling motion.
jiilotoocfo (o) searcher, seeker.
jiimde v. 1) bend one's head forward, 2) be
above, administer Ko kanko jiim maa He
is above you.
jiimcfo (o) patron; manager, head, ruler,
colonizer.
jiimoowo (o) head, ruler,
jiiraade v. eat fast,
jikde V. tangle.
jikondirde [jikowdirde] v. entangle,
jikkaade v. hope.
jikkande [jikkan"de] (tide) grabbing,
handful.
jikkande v. grab for.
jikkude v. 1) grab, grab a handful of 2) to
have a hunch.
jikke (o) 1) reputation 2) hope.
jikkondirde [jikk6"dirde] v. suspect each jirwude v. be pleasant; be happy,
other.
jikku (o) habit, custom; character, behavior. jiwo (o) girl.
honde ~ have a bad behavior. yV/c/cMM/V (cfi)
pi
jilankoonde [jilal3koo"de] (nde) drum,
jilbere (tide) confusion; mixture, addude ~
bring confusion.
jilbude V. be mixed up, be confused,
jillande [jillan"de] (tide) mixture.
jillondirde |jill6"dirde] v. be mixed.
jillude V. mix, be mixed Ina jilli It is not
pure.
jillucfo (o) mongrel, mixed,
jimbal] [jim"'baan] (o) verandah.
jogaade
jimol (ngdl) song. ~ belngol a good song. ~
mettungol a bad song.
singer.
jinaa (o) adultery.
committed adultery.
jinoowo (o) adulterer, person who commits
adultery.
jinaade v. be caught.
jinde [jin"de] (tide) area where garbage is
piled.
jindude v. be busy; need help.
jindere (nde) busy state.
jil3de V. hang over,
jinditde |jin"didde] v. sell out.
jingande [jil]"gande] v. favor; side with;
give judgement to. A jinganii mo You
sided with him.
jingoowo [jiI]"goowo] adj. partial.
jingude [jii3"gude] v. side with. Ngon daa
ko e jingude You are being partial.
Jinnaacfo (o) parent. ~ debbo a female
parent. ~ gorko a male parent. Ko o
jinnaado maa S/he is your parent.
jinne (o) spirit.
jinneyel (tigel) imp.
jippaade v. 1) dismount; come down; 2)
finish work; 3) be hosted. Mi jippiima I
am off.
jippinde v. set down.
jipporde (tide) camp; temporary stop, rest
area.
jippunde [jippu"de] (tide) camp; temporary
residence.
jiwde V. be adolescent,
jiyaacfo (o) captive; slave, servant. Ko o
jiyaado He is a slave,
jo e jo frequently, often,
jobnotoocfo (o) cashier,
jofe (de) liver; lungs.
jofnde [jorde] (tide) enclosure for animals,
joftagol (ngdl) vengeance,
jogaade v. have, possess; own. ~ hakkille
be thoughful.
jogagdl (ngdl) possession; ownership.
49
joggaango joowde

joffanaade v. 1) hold for someone 2) hold a joodaade v. sit down. Joodo Sit down.
grudge joodorde (tide) seat, chair, bench. Addan
joganiicfo adj. rancorous. mo joodorde Bring him a seat.
jogiido adj. wealthy; holder of joodorga! (tigal) chair, place for sitting.
joggaango [joggaa"go] (ago) morning crow joodtaade [joottaade] v. sit down again, sit
of the cock. tightly.
joggude V. crow. joodde V. salivate; slobber.
jokkande v. sew for; put together for. Joddol (tigol) saliva.
jokkande |jokkan"de] (tide) knot. joocfcfo [joocfcfo] adj. cute; gorgeous,
Jokkere (tide) sequel; knot. handsome; nice, debbo ~ a pretty woman.
jdkkitde [jokkidde] v. 1) finish up 2) break. joofaade v. point to.
jokkondiral [jokk6"diral] (tigal) liaison, joofordu (tidu) forefinger,
sequence. joofande [joofan"de] (tide) stop.
jokkondirde [j6kk6"dirde] v. splice; Joofde V. stop, end, anchor, accost. Ko doo
connect. tindol ngol joofi The tale ends here.
jokkoowo (o) tailor. joofirde (tide) berth; end.
jokkorde (tide) node. jodfnirde (tide) end.
jokkude v. continue; sew together, fasten; joofnude v. achieve; accomplish, finish,
append. jookaacfo (o) cornered person.
jolde V. 1) get into; descend into a well; jookde V. corner; hedge. Ko o jookaado He
board 2) be fashionable. Ko cfum joli It is is cornered.
the new fashion.
jookdu (tidu) corner
jdlirde (tide) boarding place. Ko doo woni
jookeede v. be cornered.
jolirde nde This is the area for boarding.
jookirde (tide) place for cornering.
Jolngo (tigo) boarding.
jooko (tigo) cornering.
jolnude v. place in. ~ leeteer mail a letter.
Joolaa (o) Joolaa person,
joldo adj. fashionable,
joolaade v. betray.
jolfe (de) Wolof language. O mo nana jolfe
He speaks Wolof joolo (tigo) betrayal.
jolfo (o) Wolof person, jdoliido (o) person who drowned, yoolde v.
jom owner; self respect ~ galle husband. ~ jooloowo (o) person who drowns someone
suudu wife. or something.
joomiraado (o) God. joom chief s title,
jombaajo (o) a newly wed person, joomaade v. choke.
jombo [jom"'bo] (ko) tassel, jooni now; soon. ~ jooni right now;
immediately. ~ faade yeeso henceforth,
jombinde [j6m"’binde] v. flourish, come
out. jooraade v. be poured, come down.
jombude [j6m"’bude] v. 1) flourish; come joorde v. pour.
out 2) be happy, Joortaade v. 1) be poured again; fall again
jommude v. point to. 2) anticipate; expect. Mbede
jonde (tide) gathering. joortiido (o) person who expects
something.
Jonde Oonje] v. discard, set aside.
joortinoo dum I expected it.
jongol (tigol) the setting aside of an object
or a person. jootaacfo adj. unfortunate.
jonoowo (o) person who sets something joote (de) misfortune, hardship.
aside. Jooteede v. undergo hardship, be
joiicfo adj. complete, reliable. Ko o neddo unfortunate,
jondo He is a reliable person joowde V. pile
jocfcfinde v’. make sit; put on the floor.

50
joownde juuwde

jodwondirde [j66w6"dirde] v. accumulate, jumde V. 1) request, file a claim/suit 2) get

pile up. honey from a hive.
joowre (nde) pile, heap. jumpude v. jiggle a bucket in a well.
joowtude V. remove a pile, junaade v. stoop down with legs apart;
joownde [joow"de] (nde) heap, bend.
jottaade v. miss, jungo (ngo) [jul]"go] arm; hand, forearm. ~
joy num. five, laahi ~ five times. cdmdl sleeve, peeyvdo ~ marksman.
joyabal (ngal) the fifth (part/share). junnitbasel (ngel) acrobatics.
joyabo (o) the fifth in rank. junnitde [junnidde] v. hold upside down,
joybitde [joybidde] v. be fifth. jurminiicfo adj. piteous, melancholic; sad.
joTTinde v. deposit. jurmotoodo adj. merciful,
joTTinoowo (o) person who places jusaade v. kneel down.
something somewhere, jusande [jusan"de] (nde) kneeling of an
jubaade v. extract butter from milk, animal.
jubarde (nde) \s\dind juhare (de) pi. juulde V. pray; say one's prayers.
juulde (nde) prayer; major religious holiday.
jubbande v. set aside for.
~ koorka religious holiday
jubhande [jubban"de] (nde) a pinch; food commemorating the end of fasting.
set aside.
juuldo (o) Moslem, Muslim.
juhhude v. pinch,
juuldo adj. pious. O wonaa juuldo He is
jubbol (ngol) braid, not a Moslem.
jubbugol (ngdl) cohesion, juulirde (nde) place or rag used for praying.
jubde V. be deprived of sexual intercourse.
jucTande v. roast for someone; barbecue juulirde v. pray with.
for. juulkinaade v. pretend to say one’s prayers.
jucfande |jud’an"de] (nde) roast; barbecue. juulnude v. lead a prayer,
jucfde [judde] v. roast; barbecue. juumde v. make a mistake, be mistaken. Ko
jucfoowo (o) cook; person who barbecues, mijuumdo I am mistaken.
juggal (ngal) fold; enclosureyM^^'^ (de). juumnude v. mislead.
jiiknude v. pawn. juuraade v. 1) pour water over oneself 2)
juko (ngo) long rain Jukodji (di) pi land 3) pay a visit.
jula (o) merchant; tradesman; monger. juurde v. 1) pour out 2) give money to an
julaabe (be) pi. artist.
julaade v. buy with the intent of selling back juurgal (ngal) money given to an artist.
at a later stage, trade. juurtude v. 1) pour 2) lengthen sounds,
julankaagal [julagkaagal] (ngal) trading, juurngol |juur"g61] (ngdl) dam, dike pi
commerce. juurli (di).
julanke [julal]ke] (o) merchant; juutde [juudde] v. be long, be tall.
trader/tradesman, monger. juutgol (ngdl) length, laawol ~ a long way.
julotoodo (o) merchant; tradesperson. juutnude [juunnude] v. elongate, lenthen,
jullaare (nde) tree stump, prolong.
jullude V. eat watery substance with the juuti (o) tax collector, yobde ~ pay a tax to
hand. the tax collector
jumaa (o) {ar.} mosque. Oyahii jumaa He juuwde V. ford/cross a stream.
went to the mosque. juumle (nde) ford.

51
ka kalmaade

ka det. the. taasa ~ the bowl. kabbannoocfo (o) person who used to tie
Kaaba (o) {ar.j Kaaba. something.
kaacfeeki (ki) bitterness, kabboowo (o) person who ties.
kaacfi (di) folly; insanity; mania, cfum ko kabbugol (ngol) fastening,
kaacfi That is insane. kabbale (o) corpse,
kaangaacfo [kaa"gaacfo] adj. mad, fool, kabdigal (ngal) adversity.
insane. Ko o kaangaacfo He is insane. kabdiicfo (o) opponent, adversary ~ am my
kaacftinoowo [kaattinoowojfoj person who adversary.
sets limits. kabeteecfo (o) fighter; militant; quarreller,
kaacftudi [kaattudi] (ndi) limit; boundary, warrior.
kaakaale (cfej leaves. kabircfe (cfe) armament.
kaake (cfe) 1) baggage, luggage, equipment kacitaagol (ngol) the act of eating
2) testicles. ~ janane someone else’s breakfast.
belongings. kacitaari (ndi) breakfast. Kacitaari maa
kaakte (cfe) spits. buubii Your breakfast is cold.
kaaia (ka) scarf fiilaade ~ tie one’s Kacitiicfo (o) person who ate breakfast,
headscarf. kaddagol (ngdl) 1) the tying of a
kaaldigal (f^gcil) dialogue. Ko skirt/sarong 2) circumcision,
kaaldigal addi paamondiral Through kadi foe. also; yet, in addition,
dialogue we come to a mutual kaefu (o) nape of the neck,
understanding,
kafe (cfe) coffee, yarde ~ drink coffee.
kaale (o) white horse. duudeede ~ be addicted to coffee,
kaalis (o) 1) money; cash; currency 2) kafo (o) dye.
silver.
kafu (ngu) age set.
kaamiilu (o) the Koran
kaggu (o) shelf, platform for keeping milk.
kaandi [kaa"di] (ndi) lion, kagguuji (cfi) pi.
kaani (o) red pepper. O mo suusi kaani He kahi (ki) tree.
likes red pepper.
kal det. the dihal ~ the water.
kaaneeri (ndi) candleberry; wax.
kala adv. every, each; whatever, per.
kaari (o) someone,
necfcfo ~ every person.
kaata (o) ashes.
kalaas (o) (fr.j class,
kaaw (o) uncle (mother's brother).
kalabante (o) rascal
kaawaacfo adj. stunned, astonished;
kalandiriye [kalan"diriye] (o) (fr.j calendar,
amazed.
kalasal (ngal) hedge; stick; fa9ade; fence.
kaawis (o) wonder, miracle kaawisaaji (cfi)
pi. kalbe (cfe) wallet; purse. ~ keewcfe kaalis a
wallet full of money.
kaaye (cfe) urine.
kalfaacfo (o) slave.
kaaTel (ngel) little stone. ~ manaango
thunderbolt. kalfinaacfo (o) guardian; warden.
kaayit (o) {wol.j paper hello ~ page, kalfoowo (o) ruler, owner.
kaba (ka) bottle. kalfucfo (o) slave owner; owner.
kabaaru (o) far.} piece of news, kalhaldi (ndi) bull.
information. ~ jam good news. ~ bone bad kaliifa (o) owner, master.
news. kallemme (o) small horse.
kahrooH'o (o) informant; an individual who kallu (o) main road pi. kalluuji (cfi).
informs. kalmaade v. complain; report a complaint.
kabayd (ngel) little bottle. kalmagol (ngol) complaint.

52
kalumbam keerol

kalmotoocfo (o) person who complains. karot (o) {f^.} carrot,

kalumbam [kalu"’bam] (dam) water already karsin (o) (fr.) kerosene,
used to wash rice or millet. karsirgal (ngal) rope tied around a neck,
kaiwude v. pray. kartal (ngal) {fr.} card fettude karte play
kalwugol (ngol) prayer, cards.
kam pers. pron. he; him. Kam ari S/he kartuus (o) {fr.} bullet.
came. karwaas (o) {fr.} whip; lash, fiirude ~
kama (o) latrine, whip.
kamanat] (o) rice farm, kasanke [kasal^ke] (o) shroud,
kambaane [kam'^baane] (o) youth, kasikono (o) cloth,
kambe pers. pron. them. ~ koye mabbe kaske (o) {fr.} helmet,
themselves. kaso (o) {fr.} cage; jail; prison. O mon e
kamen pers. pron. they, kaso He is in prison,
kamiyol] (o) (f^.j truck; lorry. kastiloor (o) {fr.} pan.
kammonjawo [kammo"jawo] (ngo)l(o) katamaawu (ngn) tiger,
millet ear that is not completely ripe. kaw (o) group of farmers,
kammu (o) sky asamaan alt. kawasal (ngal) sock, boornaade ~ wear a
kan pers. pron. he; she. sock, kawase (de) pi.
kana (o) {wol.} big rat. kawgel (ngel) game,
kanappe (o) canopy, kawle (de) autumn.
kandal [kan"dal] (ngal) fruit, kawral (ngal) truce; consensus, concord;
kande (o) basket, agreement.
kani (o) locust, kawrugol (ngol) meeting. ~ keen chance,
kanje (de) okra. kay foe. part, indeed. Ko kanko kay It is
him indeed.
kankaleewal [kal^kaleewal] (ngal) duck,
goose. kayfal (ngal) upland tsetse fly.
kanko [kat]ko] pron. he; she. kay re pron. it.
kal]l]e (o) %o\<^.jawo ~ a gold bracelet, kebbe (de) burrs, thorns,
kantudi [kancudi] (ndi) semen; sperm, kebefo (o) recipient.
kebtingol (ngdl) recognition.
kappe (de) yams,
kebtindo (o) person who recognized
karaaje (de) empty area,
another person,
karaas (o) dandruff 0 mo wondi e karaas
kecco (o) raw, fresh; wet.
He has dandruff,
keccudo (o) elder,
karafe (o) horse,
kecfcfam (dam) fresh milk,
karal (ngal) half
kedde (de) remnants; rest; remains; residue,
karallaagal (ngal) technique; intelligence,
residual ~ makko his leftovers,
machinery.
karallo (o) expert; technician, keeci (ki) back. ~ muusoowi backache,
keefeero (o) non Muslim.
karaw (o) porridge,
keeferaagal (ngal) sin.
karawal (ngal) bald area,
keefgol (ngol) scraping.
kardumbal [kardu'^bal] (ngal) spindle,
keefol (ngol) track left by scraping, trace.
kare (o) (f^.j chalk, windirde ~ write
with chalk. keefoowo (o) person who scrapes,
karmingol (ngol) the act of giving up keeleeli (ki) shrub growing at the bank of a
something forever, harminde v. river.
karmindo adj. person who gave up keerol (ngol) limit; ^ scope, frontier,
something forever. boundary; border keeri (di) pi
karmudum adj. forbidden; taboo. keerondiral (ngal) limit, bordering.

53
kees kongol

Keerotoocfo (o) person who sets limits. kiitangel [kiita"gel] (ngel) little cursed
kees (o) {fr.} box. ~ tamaate a box of person.
tomatoes. kiite (de) curse; misfortune
keewal (ngal) fullness; multitude; plethora, kijgol (ngol) roar, hijde v.
opulence. Ngaree e keeyval Come in large kijoori (ndi) lion.
numbers. kijoowo (o) person who roars,
keewdi adj. numerous; many; several;
kikiicfe (o) afternoon, hande ~ this
various. afternoon.
keeyvdo adj. full. kiliyaan (o) {fr.} customer, client,
kelal (ngal) fracture. ~ koyngal a broken kippu (o) trap,
leg. ~Jungo a broken arm.
kiram jealousy.
kelgol (ngol) breaking.
kiriI]tiT] (o) bed.
keltagol (ngol) the breaking of items into
smaller parts. kiriyol] (o) {fr.} pencil.
keloowo (o) person who breaks things, kirannoocfo (o) person who used to be
jealous.
kelle (cfe) clappings; slappings. Yo kelle
kirondiral (ngal) mutual jealousy/envy.
ngar Let us hear a round of applause,
kiroowo (o) jealous person,
kelli (ki) tree.
kirtiicfo (o) person who ate supper.
kellifaacfo adj. adolescent, maw do ~ a
mature individual. kirtotoodo (o) person who is eating or who
eats supper.
kellifuya (o) adolescence, maale ~ signs of
puberty. kisal (ngal) safety,
keiloori (ndi) red dye. kisil] (o) basket of palm fronds,
kelme (de) vocabulary; lexicon helmere ko foe. focus particle. Ko kanko ari He is
(tide) sing. the one who came.
ko det. the. haako ~ the leaf/leaves.
kenal (kal) breeze; air; light wind, keneeli
(di) pi. kobjal (ngal) a strip; a rind; a tree
keniicfo (o) a person who is in a hurry, shell/skin.
kerem (o) {fr.} cream, kodda (o) last bom child,
keri (o) hoe; type of wood, kocfdigal [koddigal] (ngal) neighborhood.
kersa (o) disgrace; scandal. koddiido [koddiicfo] (o) neighbor. Ko min
hoddiibe He is my neighbor.
kersudo adj. ashamed Ko o kersudo He is
ashamed. koddo (o) inhabitant.
kesniicTo (o) widow, kodo (o) guest, stranger. Kodo teddinte A
guest should be treated well,
keso adj. new. galle ~ a new house,
kodiije (de) silver coins,
ketungol [ketu"g61] (ngdl) creamkew (o)
party. kojombol [ko]6'^b6\](ngdl) esophagus,
kewal (ngal) bamboo. kokko (o) cocoa.
keive (de) pi. kolangal [kola"gal] (ngal) farmland.
kcwi (ki) bamboo plant, kolnet inter}, sound of something that is
broken.
keyniraacfo (o) wife's brother/sister to
husband. kolloowo (o) person who shows,
ki det. the. lekki ~ the tree, komaak (o) rust,
kii det. this, kon det. the, these.
kiinnitiicfo (o) selfish. kondorobol [k6n"d6r6b61] (ngol) throat,
kiirimeewal (ngal) board placed on top of kongol [k6I3"g61] (ngol) speech; speech act,
the dead. talk, statement ~ nanondiraangol
password Kongol ko ndiyam so rufii
kiitaacfo (o) cursed person; unlucky
boftotaako What comes out of the mouth
individual. Ko o kiitaado He is unlucky.
cannot be drawn back in.

54
konjam
konjam [kon'jam] (dam) alcohol.
kondirde [k6n"dirde] v. (fr.) steer. O
kondirta ko oto makko She drives her car.
kono conj. however; but ~ noon however,
konomo (o) greedy person.
kontoor (o) {fr.} against. Ko mi kontoor
maa I am against you.
kontuwaar (o) {fr.} counter,
konu (ngii) 1) war; battle 2) booty, honde
V.
kooba (ba) large antelope,
koolaacfo (o) trustworthy; reliable. Ko o
koolaado She is trustworthy,
koonoor (o) skinny and weak person.
koora musical instrument, game played with
sticks and a ball.
koorka (ka) fasting,
kootii (ngn) type of insect kooti (di) pi.
koppoor (o) penny. O alaa hay koppoor kucfel (ngel) little straw.
He is penniless,
koppu (o) {eng} cup.
kor (o) sound made to stop a donkey.
koraacTo adj. worn out, poor,
koral (ngal) wild duck; big calabash.
korel (ngel) little calabash,
korcfo (o) female slave,
koreeji (di) kinsfolk. Ko min koreeji We
are related horeeru (ndu) sing.
kori foe. I hope. Kori odon njiindira I kumaandal]
hope you see each other,
koriiefo adj. pregnant,
korlal (ngal) lower leg; shank; shin, korle kupe (de) ball.
(de) pi.
kornaal (o) horn.
koroy (o) sound made to show appreciation kurka (o) child, snipe; boy; tot.
of a dish,
korsa (ka) love.
korsinaado adj. beloved; cherished.
korsindo (o) person who loves or cherishes.
korsudo adj. beloved, cherished,
kosam (dam) milk. ~ lammudam curd,
sour milk. ~ biradam fresh milk.
koso (o) fish.
koto (o) older brother.
kottal (ngal) big vigina.
kottu (ngn) vigina. kaake dehho alt.
kottude V. lie.
kottoowo (o) liar.
kuudi
kottu do (o) liar.
koy foe. emphatic particle.
koycfe (de) feet; legs, koyngal (ngal) sing.
koycfo adj. 1) light. 2) ashamed. ~ e leydi
agile.
koyeera (o) shame.
Koynoowo (o) person whose behavior
makes others ashamed.
koynudo (o) person who caused someone
to be ashamed.
koyli (ki) tree.
koyngal [koyngal] (ngal) leg, foot,
kubbal (ngal) tax.
kuddu (o) spoon ~ luus ladle kudduuji (di)
pi
kucfaacfo adj. cursed.
kuddi [kuddi] (ndi) curse.
kudoowo (o) person who lays a curse,
kudol (ngol) straw; stalk; pen. ~ almet
match.
kufne (o) hat. boornaade ~ wear a hat.
kulbinaacfo adj. scared,
kulcfo adj. scared. ~ reedu a coward.
kulol (ngdl) fear, fright; terror; dread. Kulol
nangi mi I was caught by fear/I was
afraid.
kulle (de) things.
[kumaa"daI]]foj {fr.}
commissioner; major,
kume (o) gun.
kurjuru (o) garbage, litter; trash, rufde ~
throw garbage away,
kurkol (ngdl) mortar.
kurkur (o) type of teapot kurtiiiigu
[kurtu"gu] (ngu) the moving of the bride
to the groom's house.
kurum foe. part, very black. Ina bawli
kurum It is really black,
kurus (o) prayer beads,
kus (o) sound used to chase hens, cocks,
kutal (ngal) bullet, ammunition. Kutal ngal
yvoorataa teddinde hecce mum buri One
must face what one cannot avoid kute (de)
pi.
kutindil] (o) steel trap
kuudi (ndi) stools; feces.
55
kuugal kuy

kuugal (ngal) sanction, fawde ~ impose a kuurde v. separate

sanction.
kuukuyi (ki) tree,
kuundal [kuu"dal] (ngal) scoop,
kuungi [kuu"gi] (o) bullroarer.
kuuraa (o) {fr.} electricity.
kuurgal (ngal) enclosed place.
kuutol [kuurool] (ngol) bottom.
kuy (o) sound used to attract hens; cocks.

56
laabal
laabal (ngal) hygiene; purification;
cleanliness.
laabde v. be cleaa O mo laadi He is clean.
laabdo adj. clean, necfcfo ~ a clean person.
laabtinde v clarify. Ina
laabtineede It needs to be clarified.
labbinde v. cleanse; to elucidate, deplete;
make clean. ~yeeso put on a clear face,
laabi (cfi) 1) roads; ways 2) times. ~ (fidi
twice.
laaci (ki) tail, laaceeje (cfe) pi.
laadi (di) grave.
laadol (ngol) trace left by a snake, laadol
(ngol) sing.
laadoori (ndi) snake, reptile.
ladde v. creep; crawl. O mo waawi laadde
jooni He can creep now.
laafa (ka) cap. boornaade ~ wear a hat.
laakira (o) {ar.j hereafter (heW). faade ~ go
to hell Faa laakira Go to hell, laakara
alt.
laalaade v. rest.
laalagalf>7gii/j broken calabash/watermelon.
laalakon; laalaade (de) pi.
laale (de) baobab trees.
laali (ki) baobab tree.
laalndaade [laal"daade] v. add laalo to
steamed couscous.
taalo (ko) powdered baobab leaf
laaltaade v. lay mud on the wall. O woni ko
e laaltaade He is laying mud on the wall,
laamaade v. rule. Ko kanko laamii He is
the president.
laamdo (o) king, ruler, laambe (be) pi.
laamii do (o) king; ruler laamii be (be) pi. lacciri (ndi) couscous. ~ e kosam couscous
laamorde (nde) capital city.
Nuwaasoor woni laamorde,
Muritani Nouakchott is the capital city of
Mauritania.
laamu (ngn) kingdom, reign, rule. ~ neddo
gooto despotism.
lamminde v. appoint a chief, elect a ruler,
laamlaame (de) skin fungus,
laana (ka) ship, boat, vessel. ~ cuurki lahdi (ndi) grave,
steamboat. ~ ndiwoowa plane, jom ~
sailor. ~ mawka liner,
laanal (ngal) arrow, arc.
lahe
laanoowo (o) 1) person who aims with
arrows 2) person who hunts with arrows.
laahde v. aim with an arrow,
laaral (ngal) type of bird.
foti laarde v. observe, peer; gaze, stare; look at;
look for. Hoi ko laarata What are you
looking for?
laaroowo (o) seeker, person who looks for.
laataade v. be; occur; happen.
laatagol (ngol) being.
laawaade v. be upset; be angry; hurt. Gite
de ko laawiide His eyes are hurting.
laawde v. 1) upset 2) pour into boiling
sauce.
laawol (ngol) alley; pathway, route, track.
ko reymani ~ illicit, deyvdo ~ law-abiding.
yahde - mum take care of one’s own
business, laabi (di) pi.
laaTaade v. lick
laayde v. be apart.
labaade v. choose Hoi mo labi daa Which
one did you choose?
labal (ngal) wooden bowl,
labbo (o) caste that specializes in
woodwork. Ko o labbo He belongs to the
wood worker caste,
labbu (o) a rice dish,
labande [laban"de] (nde) shave.
labde v. shave, labaade alt.
labi (ki) knife ~ njuulaawi dagger. taTirde
~ cut with a knife.
labbinoowo (o) person who cleans.
laboowo (o) barber.
laborke (ki) razor.
and milk dish. ~ e haako dinner spinach
sauce and couscous dish,
ladde (nde) bush, wilderness, faade ~ go to
the bush, go away.
laddanke (o) person from the bush or rural
area.
laggaade v. sharpen a knife,
lahal (ngal) vase, calabash; wooden bowl,
wooden calabash,
lahe (nge) brownish black cow.
57
lajal
lajal (ngal) 1) deadline 2) long wood
closing a gate. Lajal maa yontii Your
deadline is up.
lallitam (dam) water used to rinse/cleanse.
lallitde [lallidde] v. rinse; cleanse. ~ kaake
rinse dishes.
lamburere [lam'^bureere] (nde) amber.
lambere [lam'^bere] (nde) bead.
lamcfam (dam) salt, safde ~ be pretty; have
enough salt/to be salty enough.
lamkal (kal) a little salt.
lammeeki (ki) acidity.
lammeere (nde) bitterness lamminde v. 1)
make sour 2) joke around 3) apppoint a
chief. Min ngoni ko e lamminde We are
just having fun.
lammude v. be sour; be bitter Ina lammi It
is sour.
lambude [lam"’bude] v. 1) be unsold 2) be
unwed.
lammuki (ki) tree.
lamndaade [lam"daade] v. inquire,
question; ask. So a andaa lamndo If you
do not know ask.
lamndal [lam"dal] (ngal) query; question;
inquiry, werlaade ~ throw a question.
lamol (ngdl) trailing stem (of calabash etc.),
lamolamongal [lamolamo"gal] (ngal) salted
ground.
lampa (o) (fr.} lamp, hubbude- switch the
light on. nifde ~ switch the light off.
lampaaji (di) pi
lamTindaade [lamTiMaade] v. lick.
Ial]de V. be stranded in a foreign country,
lande [lanje] v. spread.
latitude [lancude] v. spread food in a bowl
to cool off.
lankata [lal3kata] (o) type of braid,
lappaci (ki) a long line/trail.
lappdl (ngdl) track/trail; column, lappi (di)
pi
lappirde v. strike with. ~ loocol hit with the
whip.
lappude V’. 1) hit, strike 2) thrash; remove
grains from stalks,
laral (ngal) animal skin,
lam (o) dish,
lasal (ngal) circle.
lasde V. make a circle.
leefde
lasli (o) origin. Hoi ko woni lasli mum
Where does it originate?
laso (o) {fr.} whitewash; white lime,
latde V. kick.
lati (o) perfume, wadde ~ wear perfume.
latikolon (o) perfume,
lattinaade v. lay down,
lattitaade v. change into,
law adv early, dawde ~ go early, finde ~
wake up early,
lawaade v. be aside,
lawake (o) noble,
lawde V. carve.
lawnandi [lawna"di] (ki) shrub,
lawo (o) tattooer.
lawtol (ngdl) open space.
lawTirgal (ngal) tool instrument for
cleaning.
law Tude v. clean; wash. ~ haa laaba wash
clean O woni ko e law Tude kaake He is
washing the dishes.
layde v. 1) be spread 2) speak Hoi ko
layataa What did you say?
layo (ngo) spreading of plants such as bean
plants.
laTde [lajje] v. limp, hobble.
laToowo adj. cripple; lame; person who
limps. Ko o la Toowo He limps,
layru (ndu) a bow; dike.
layset (o) blade, a razor blade, laysetaaji
(di) pi.
layya (o) animal for holiday sacrifice. Mi
sdodii layya I bought the sacrifice for the
holiday.
layyaade v. sacrifice. Mi layyiima ngaari I
sacrificed an ox.
lebbi (di) moons; months, lervru (ndu) sing.
lebde v. chat; prattle; prate; talk too much.
lebdude v. talk with.
lebo (ngo) incessant talk.
leboowo (o) chatterbox.
lebte (de) torture.
lebtude V. torture.
leebeede v. Be unfortunate. Ko o leebaado
He is unfortunate.
leebol (ngdl) 1) hair 2) piece of music.
leefde v. be nonchalant, be weak. O mo
leefi He is nonchalant.
58
leegal
leegal (ngal) quarter, district. ~ Baabaabe
the Ba extended family quarter.
leeke (de) swollen glands below
cheekbones.
leelde v. be late/slow ~ jippaade get off
late. O leelii He is late.
leeltinde v. delay; make late, procrastinate.
Ko kanko leeltini min He delayed us.
leemde v. 1) beat 2) lay on one another.
leemuna (o) lime fruit. ~ kaci bitter
oranges.
leen (o) {fr.j wool.
leeso (ngo) matt, wertude ~ spread a mat.
taggude ~ fold or roll up a mat.
leewtaade v. slip away,
lefol (ngol) strip of cloth, band, bandage.
leppi (cfi) pieces of clothing sing lefol
(ngol).
leggal (ngal) timber; wood.
leggere (nde) solid wood, big stick,
lehde [leede] v. breathe lightly while
catching one's breath; gasp, pant. O mon
leha he is catching his breath.
lehe (de) wooden calabashes sing lahal
(ngal).
lekki (ki) 1) tree 2) medicine, yarde ~ mum
take one’s medicine. Tettude ~ mum take
one’s medicine. A yarii lekki maa Have
you taken your medicine?
iekkol (o) Ifr.j school, yaltude ~ quit lewru (ndu) month, moon. ~ koorka
school, naatde ~ start going to school. O
naatii Iekkol He has started going to
school.
lekkon (kon) little sticks,
lelaade v. lie down. Hoi to leloto daa
Where will you sleep?
lelnde [lerde] (nde) bed.
lelnude v. lay.
lelorde (nde) area for sleeping, bed.
leltaade v. go back to bed.
lella (ba) antelope, gazelle,
lembel [lem"'bel] (o) second wife.
lemheTel [le'^beTel] (ngel) third wife,
lemlemol (ngol) edge.
lempeteere (nde) strip of cloth worn by a
girl.
lemso (ngo) incessant talk.
lemsude v. be talkative. Add lemsi You talk
too much.
lenamlenaagu (ngu) racism.
liggaade
lenol (ngdl) descent; family tree; genealogy;
ethnicity, yaltude ~ be an outcast,
lenge [lel]"ge] (o) derrick.
lengi [lel]'’gi] (di) celebration; celebration
songs.
lenguru (ndu) [ler)"guru] little bell.
leppinde v. soak; drench; wet A leppinii
mo You got him wet.
leppude V. be wet; be soaked Ina leppi It is
wet.
leriinde [lerii"de] (nde) between,
lertinde v. flatten,
lertude v. be flat.
les prep, beneath; under, underneath; below.
sakkude ~ place under.
lesdinde v. lower, down, debase.
lesdude v. be low. Ina lesdi it is low.
lesdugol (ngol) inferiority.
letaade v. glance over.
lettidde [lettidde] v. be squint-eyed.
letto adj. squint-eyed.
lewde V. clear bush for farming.
lewre (nde) cleared land, open space,
harpoon.
lewlewal (ngal) moonlight.
leyvle^vel (ngel) little flame.
lewlcivndu [lewlew"du] (ndu) flame,
lewnude v. twinkle.
Ramadan. ~ dariindu crescent. ~
maayndu ndu last month
leydi (ndi) earth, country; land, ground;
floor; sand; state. ~ ndemoteendi arable
land ~ njiimaandi colony
leytiide v. feel like; want.
leTTaade v. glance over,
libde V. throw on the floor 0 libii mo He
threw him on the floor.
libilibtoo V. wrestle each other down in
turn.
libtaade v. wrestle someone down,
licfcfi (di) several fish, liingu (ngu) sing,
liingu [lii"gu] (ngu) fish,
liirde v. spread out to dry,
liirtude v. remove what was spread out to
dry.
liirtaade v. become dilated
liirtagol (ngol) dilation
liggaade v. labor; fag, toil, work.
59
liggude lojaade

li^geey (o) profession; labor, career, limtude v. 1) enumerate, list; count again 2)
vocation; function. ~ galle housework. ~ decipher O woni ko e limtude He is
juljngo handicraft. learning the alphabet.
ligginde r. employ liminaat (a) {fr.} lemonade drink.
ligginoom) (o) employer. limolj (a) Ifr.} lemon,
ligginteecfo (o) employee. limpo (a) due, tax. yobde ~ pay taxes
liggitaade lose hold of lintitde [lincidde] v. examine,
Uggodiido (o) colleague; partner. liwal (ngal) bait.
liggorde (tide) workplace; workshop. Imeede v. take the bait,
liggorgal (ngal) tool. liwoogii (ngii) namatee; seacow,
Uggotoocfo (o) clerk; laborer; employee, liyaade v. pour milk on the food, add sauce.
worker; agent. Liyo Pour the milk.
liggude V. hang up, hang. Liggu wutte niaa liyam (dam) sauce.
Hang your gown, liyorgal (ngal) calabash for pouring water.
ligi (o) scolopendra. lobbaade v. taste sauce by dipping a finger
liibaar (o) (fr.) half a kilogram; pound. into it.
Hide V’. rest lobbagol (ngol) tasting of sauce by dipping
liigal (tigal) big cotton plant/field. a finger into it.
liige (nge) cotton field. lobbere (tide) beauty.
liirde v. spread out to dry. ~ lacciri spread Idhbidde [lobbidde] v. be beautiful/good.
out couscous to dry. Ndaw ko lohhidi She is so beautiful!
liirtude v. remove what was spread out to lohho (o) beautiful; kind,
dry. ~ comci remove clothing from the lobbiidu (tidu) corner, angle.
line. locital (ngal) bathing a child before the
liital (ngal) flute; trumpet, wuttude ~ play naming ceremony.
the flute. lofaade v. be stuck in the mud. Oto makko
liitde [liidde] v. play the flute, ko ko lofii His car is stuck in the mud.
liiteer (o) (fr.} liter liiteruuji (cfi) pi. lofde V. be muddy. Ina lofi It is muddy.
liiTaade v. waddle. lofol (ngol) muddy way.
likTere (tide) hiccup, wondude e ~ have a lofu (ngu) muddy area,
hiccup. loggaade v. be hooked, be stuck.
likTude v. hiccup, have a hiccup, loggande [loggan"de] (tide) hook.
limce (cfe) pieces of rags; used clothing. loggeede v. be hooked
limsere (tide) sing.
Idggirde (tide) hook,
lintcel (tigel) little rag.
loggirgal (ngal) hook.
limsere (tide) piece of rag; used clothing.
loggitde V. unhook.
limde v. count
Idggude V. hook,
limgol (ngal) the act of counting.
iohaade v. cut weeds.
linwore (tide) 1) count; calculus 2) number.
lohde [loode] v. be tired, be useless; be
-yimde census. ~ teelnde an odd number.
nonchalant.
Hmre (tide) number. ~ teelnde an odd
lohdo [loocfo] adj. weak; feeble,
number.
nonchalant. O mo lohi He is weak.
Hmtaade v. recount; count again. IJmto
loltnude [loonude] v. weaken,
Count again.
lohol (ngol) charm worn around the arm or
limtago! (ngal) recounting.
the waist, boorno lohol maa Put your
limto (tigo) alphabet; learning of the charm on.
alphabet.~ learn the alphabet.
lojaade v. have debris in the eye.
lojol (ngol) debris in the eye.

60
lokaade
lokaade v. stir, upset,
lokkitde [lokkidde] v. take out; remove.
lookde V. place in.
lolloI3eere (nde) a heavy lock,
lollinde v. make famous.
lollude V. be famous. O mo lolli He is
famous.
lombol [16m"’b61] (ngol) strips of cloth with loppude V. crush, pound into a paste. ~
different colors.
lombude [16m"'bude] v. put inside; place in loppitaade v. move.
between.
lombaade [lom'^baade] v. be placed in. ~
hakkunde yimde squeeze oneself in.
lomtaade v. replace; supersede; supplant, I or I a (o) harm, dum alaa lorla There is no
succeed.
lomtiicfo (o) replacement.
lomtinde v. replace.
lomto (o) interim; substitute; replacement.
longaade [lol3"gaade] v. look
binoculars.
longorcfe (cfe) binoculars,
longere [lor)"gere] (nde) mouthful; handful.
~ maaro handful of rice.
I613du (ndu) hook, long stick with hook on
end used for picking.
loobde V. be easily vexed. O mo loodi He
gets angry easily.
loobcfo adj. acerb.
loobre (nde) anger.
loocol (ngdl) rod; stick for hitting. looci
(di) pi
loocfe (cfe) water holders.
loonde [loo"de] (nde) water holder; (nde)
vase for holding water,
loopal (ngal) muddy area; mud.
loorde v. 1) plant 2) lose one’s voice, be
hoarse.
lootaade v. wash oneself O woni ko e
lootaade He is taking a shower
lootde [loodde] v. wash.
lootirde (nde) place for cleansing the dead.
lootorde (nde) washing place; shower room.
lootorgal (ngal) bathing instrument.
Idotoyde v. to go and wash.
loowande v. fill for
loowande [loowan"de] (nde) load.
loowde V. pour out to fill; fill up.
loowdi (ndi) contents.
lumbaade
lopitaan (o) {fr.} hospital lopitaanuuji (di)
pi
loppaade v. 1) remain in a place 2) be
crushed.
loppande [loppan"de] (nde) crushed load in
a mortar.
loppere (nde) crushed load in a mortar.
hunaa pound dried fish into paste,
loraade v. depend upon Ko e maa lorii mi
I depend on you.
loragol (ngdl) dependence.
harm.
Idrlude v. harm,
lorso (ngo) wheat.
loskude V. inquire; ask; pry; minimize,
with lottundu [16ttu"du] (ndit) sling,
lowre (nde) 1) duty, share 2) lot.
lowtude V. add fiber strings.
loTde [lojje] v. drown,
lubaade v. borrow, quote.
lubal (ngal) borrowing; lending.
lubde V. lend. Neddo yo tub ko jeyi One
should not lend other people’s belongings,
lubbude v. look under.
luggeendi [luggee"di] (ndi) depth. Hoi do
luggeendi mum tolnii How deep is it?
luggere (nde) deep area.
luggidde [luggidde] v. be deep. Ina luggidi
It is deep.
luggiddum adj. profound; deep.
luggidinde v. deepen,
lugu (o) salamander,
lujum (o) vegetable.
lulaade v. spend days in the farm. Ko be
luliibe They live at the farm now.
lulnde [luPde] (nde) days spent in the farm.
lumbaade [lum'"baade] v. swim. Mi
waawaa lumbaade I do not know how to
swim.
lumbagol [lum"’bag61] (ngdl) natation,
swimming, lumbaali (di) pi
lumbal [lum"’bal] (ngal) crossing.
lumbayru [lu^’bayru] (ndu) way of
swimming.
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lumminde
lumbinde [lum^binde] v. take across water.
O woni ko e lumbinde nay He is making
the cows cross the river.
lumbirde [lum"’birde] (tide) area for
crossing the river.
lumbirgal [lum"’birgal] (tigal) oar; a boat.
lumbude [lum"’bude] v. cross a river,
lumminde v. bend/shake one's bottom,
lumminaade v. bend over.
lundugal [lun"dugal] (tigal) log tied to the
neck of a cow.
lupuut foe. part. very,
lurde V. roar.
luttal (tigal) settling in a foreign country.
luttude V. miss; settle/remain in a foreign
country.
luubde V. stink; smell bad. ~ hunuko have a
bad smell.
luubnude v. make stink.
luubol (tigdl) stinking smell,
luucfde [luudde] v. cry.
luugal (tigal) pestle used for making holes
for sowing.
luukaango [luukaa"go] (tigo) loud cry.
luukaali (di) pi
luukde V. cry loudly; vociferate,
luumo (tigo) fair.
62
luwde
luural (tigal) disagreement; dissension;
discrepancy; discord; conflict.
luurde v. be in disagreement; lack
synchronization.
luurdeede v. have a disagreement; lack
synchronization.
luurdude v. disagree with each other,
luutaade v. be in the rear-guard; be last.
luutde [luudde] v. be posthumous.
luuteede v. miss.
luuti (o) posthumous child. Ko o luuti He is
a posthumous child.
luutndaade [luut"daade] v. disagree; go
against the code.
luutndaare [luut"daare] (tide) disagreement.
luutndicfum [luut"dicfum] adj. adverse;
contrary.
luutndiicfo [luut"diicfo] (o) contra; con;
adverse.
luutondiral [luuto"diral]f>?ga/y) the act of
missing one another.
luutondirde [luuto"dirde] v. miss one
another.
luwa (o) {ff-} law. luwaaji (di) pi.
luwaas (o) (f^. j rent, yobde ~ pay rent,
luwde V. make holes for sowing seeds.
luwre (tide) holes for sowing seeds.
maa
maa poss. 1) or 2) if 3) you; your, hoore ~
your head.
maa da poss. your (sing.), maa alt.
mabbe poss. their; theirs, kaake ~ their
belongings.
maabde v. cover; put arms around,
maabo (o) potter, weaver. Ko o maabo he
belongs to the weaver caste, maahube
(be) pi.
maacfde v. take a large handful of
maafaade v. be tasty.
maafe (de) peanut butter sauce. Maafe
maa maafiima Your peanut butter sauce
dish is tasty,
maage (o) type of hat.
maaja fbj millet.
maajde [majje] v. salute; march; parade.
Omon maaja He is marching.
maajgol (ngol) parading.
maajoowo (o) a person who is parading,
maaje (de) rivers. mafhaade v. walk carelessly,
maayo (ngo) river. ~ Senegaal Senegal mafnaade Stop walking carelessly.
river. mafneede v. have rash on one's bottom,
maale (de) signs. ~ gahhe granular, ~ mahande v. build for someone. O mahanii
kellifuya signs of puberty, mo suudu He built a room for him.
maama (o) grandparent.
maamaare (nde) ancestor; grandparent.
maamayel (ngel) granny.
maamiraado (o) grandmother,
maanaa (o) {ar.} meaning; explanation.
dum alaa maanaa It is meaningless.
maande [maa"de] (nde) sign.
maandinde v. sign,
maani (o) someone, kaari (o) alt.
maarimilla (o) welcome,
maaro (ko) rice. ~ e teeyv rice and meat
dish. ~ e liddi rice and fish dish.
maawaade v. cover,
maayde (nde) death Mo suwaa
maayde tagdaaka Anything can happen to a
live being.
maayde v. die O maayii He is dead.
maaydo adj. dead person, defunct. ~ pak
really dead. Ko o maaydo He is dead.
maayka (ka) nonsense haala ~ nonsense
dum ko maayka That is nonsense.
63
majjere
maayo (ngo) river, taccude ~ cross the
river.
ma7aade v. make a person intervene.
ma?ande v. intervene.
mabbaacfo (o) person suffering from a
cold. Ko mi maobaado I have a cold.
mabbeede v. have a cold. Ngonmi ko e
mabbeede I am getting a cold.
mabbo (ngo) cold. ~ muusngo a bad cold.
mabbande [mabban"de] (nde) seizing by
closing on.
mabbude v. catch/seize by closing,
mabde v. circle; surround,
macaacaa (o) real slave.
macungaagu (ngii) slavery.
maccinaade v. be an obedient slave
maccudo (o) slave; captive, rimdinde ~
free a slave, maccube (be) pi.
macculinde v. behave like a slave.
maccungal [maccu"gal] (ngal) big slave,
daccu
mahde [maadi] v. build, construct; edit,
mold.
maltdi [maadi] (ndi) construction. ~
toowndi a high- rise building.
malt do [maacfo] (o) author, builder. Hoi
mahdo nde deftere Who is the author of
this book?
mahgol [maagol] (ngol) construction.
niahngo [maa"go] (ngo) construction.
ntahol (ngol) fake story,
mahoowo (o) mason. Ko o mahoowo He
builds houses.
majaango [majaa"go] (ngo) lightning. ~
yitere a blink of the eye. majaali (di) pi.
majande [majan"de] (nde) lightning
majde [majje] v. wink; blink; flash. Hoi to
maj Do not blink
majjere (nde) 1) loss 2) misconception
dum ko maljere That is a misconception.
majjinde v. bewilder, loose
maljude v. stray; be lost Ko mi maijudo 1
am lost.
makka meenelli

makka (o) 1) corn 2) Mecca. marse (o) {fr.} market pi. marseeji (di). O
Makka (ngo) Mecca. O artii Makka S/he yahii marse He went to the market.
returned from her pilgrimage to Mecca, martu (o) {fr.} hammer fiirude ~ hammer.
makko pass, his; hers kaake ~ his martuuji (di) pi.
belongings. Maruk (o) Morocco.
malaacfo adj. blessed, fortunate. Ko a masde v. place diachritics. Mas dum Place
malaacfo You are blessed. the diachritics where they belong.
maleede v. be blessed; be fortunate. masgal (tigal) diacritic; accent mascfe (de).
malkisaacfo adj. unlucky; unfortunate. Ko o masoowo (o) person who places diacritics,
malkisaadb He is unlucky. masil] (o) {fr.} machine; sewing machine.
ntalkiseede v. be unfortunate. masiljaaji (di) pi.
main (ngu) blessing, dum ko mala It is a maslaha (o) {ar.} reconciliation. Mbaddee
blessing. maslahaa Try and settle the matter
malamlaaji (di) butterflies. amicably.
malayka (o) {ar.j angel malaykaaji (di) pi. masloowo (o) reconciler.
malde v. make an agreement. maslude v. reconcile.
mallol (rigol) indirect talk about someone; masol] (o) {fr.} mason.
accusation. Mallol so firtii jubbol so mata (o) weight measure, mataaji (di) pi.
joomum hulaani yo o jaabo One should mawcfo adj. adult; gigantic; patriarch;
respond to accusations about oneself. senior. ~ gadiido ancestor, forefather.
main (di) pi. mawnikinaade v. put on airs; act important.
mallude v. talk indirectly about someone. O mo mawnikinii He acts important.
Ko aan o mallata He is talking indirectly mawninde v. enlarge; celebrate; glorify.
about you.
mawniraado (o) older sibling. ~ gorko
manaango [manaa"go] (t^go) thunder. older brother. ~ debbo older sister.
/frta 7e/~ thunderbolt manaali (di) pi.
mawniraagal (tigal) act of being old.
mande v. praise. O mo man maa no feeyvi
mawnude v. be big, become adult. O
He praises you a lot.
mawnii He has become big/old.
manoore (tide) praise, dum ko manoore
mawnde It is a major praise. mawnudo adj. big; huge; large; immense.
mantude v. exalt, thank; commend, mawnugol (tigol) growth; maturation,
eulogize; praise. ~ praise someone. O mo mayonees (o) {fr.} mayonnaise.
mantu maa He praises you. Mayram female first name. Mbiyetee mi ko
mande [ma"de] inter, when. Mande Mayram My name is Mayram.
njahataa When are you leaving? meccude v. trim with scissors.
manganace [ma"ganace] shrub. mecekke (de) chisel; scissors,
mankiide [mal3kude] v. lack IJakkude meecfde [meedde] v. taste. So a meedii a
alt. jombat If you taste it you would want
manna (o) 1) male first name 2) hat. more.
mandilde [man"dilde] v. be drunk. Ko o meedgol (ngdl) taste.
mandildo He is drunk, meednude [meennude] v. make someone
mango [mar)"go] (ko) mango fruit, taste something.
mangii [mar)"gu] (ngu) seniority, meecfen pass. our. comci ~ our clothing.
manto (o) (fr.) mint,
men alt.
marde v. 1) breed, raise 2) marry,
men our, ours.
markere (tide) ball of mud pi. marke (de).
meenaango [meenaa"go] (ngo) bleat.
meenaali (di) pi.
marmalle (de) snow.
meende v. bleat,
marsandiis (o) {fr.} merchandise;
commodity. meendli (ki) tree.

64
meere
meere adj. futile; nothing, (fum ko meere It metteende [mettee"de]
is flitile.
meernaade v. look away; put on airs,
mees (o) {fr.} wick.
meeteer (o) (fr.} meter, meeteruuji (cfi) pi. mettinde v. be displeased, be angry. Ko o
meetelol (ngdi) turban,
meewtude v. skim a liquid off.
mehde [meede] v. stutter; stammer.
mehgol [meegol] (ngdI) stutter.
mehoowo (o) stutterer; stammerer. Ko o
mehoowo He stutters.
meho adj. blank; hollow; vacant; naked, meTTude v. close tightly; close. ~ e nder
empty.
mehru (ndu) an empty room.
melde (nde) vagina.
melde (ndej flat floor.
melde v. flatten; make smooth; level off.
meldugal (ngal) tool for leveling floors.
melo (ngo) flattened area.
mellewol (ngdi) flame.
meltirde (nde) steaming pot.
membaade [mem"'baade] v. grope, feel for.
memde v. touch; feel. Mem njiyaa Touch
and see.
memirde v. touch with.
memondiral [memo"diral] (ngal) contact.
memotoocfum adj. tangible; touchable.
memtaade v. masturbate.
memtude v. touch again,
menkelde [mel]kelde] (nde) weight younger brother. ~ debho younger sister.
measure, menkelle (de) pi.
mentuQeere (nde) tomato, mentuljeeje
(de) pi.
meppicfde [meppidde] v. have a small lower
lip.
meppo (o) person with a lower lip smaller
than the upper lip. Ko o meppo His lower
lip is shorter than his upper lip.
merere (nde) mirage,
mertude v. have a clean cut.
mesde v. pour.
meselal (ngal) needle wuurtude ~ thread a
needle, meselle (de) pi.
mettaade v. lap; lick Metio juijngo maa
Lick your hand.
metteede v. be licked,
metteede v. suffer.
mocfde
(nde) sadness;
sorrow, suffering.
mettere (nde) suffering; sadness, mette (de)
Pf
mettindo He is angry.
mettude v. be unpleasant.
mettudo adj. unpleasant. Ko o mettudo He
is unpleasant.
mettellu (ngn) red ant.
meytude v. be satiated.
suudu lock someone in a room.
mi pers. pron. I Mi arii I am here, '-den
we are. '-do I am. Mi do yiya I can see.
miin pron. I, me; myself
min pron. we. Min ngarii We arrived.
minen pron. we.
miijaade v. ponder; think; cogitate;
conceive. Hoi ko miijoto daa a penny for
your thoughts.
miijo (ngo) thought; doctrine; position. ~
wodngo alternative. Hoi ko woni miijo
maa What is your opinion?
miijotoodo adj. pensive.
miijtagol (ngdi) afterthought,
miirde v. itch
miiro (ngo) itch,
mikro (o) {fr.} microphone,
miniraacfo (o) younger sibling. ~ gorko
miniraagal (ngal) sisterhood; brotherhood,
minise (o) {fr.} carpenter,
misiide (nde) {ar.} mosque,
miskiino (o) {ar.} person with modest
means. Ko o miskiino He is not wealthy.
misooro (o) head scarf.
mobel (ngH) {fr.} automobile; car.
dognoowo ~ a driver
moccude v. make a cord, tend, heal,
moddinde v. stain, smudge, tarnish, dirty. A
moddinii
comcolam You stained my clothing.
moddinoowo (o) person who stains.
moddude v, 1) be thick 2) be unclear 3) be
stained. ~ Itaala speak unclearly.
mdddugdl (ngdi) thickness; stain,
mocfde [modde] v. swallow, absorb; gobble,
gulp. Moddum Swallow it
65
mofde morle

mocfgol (ngdl) swallowing. mooftirde (nde) pouch; account. ~ kaake

modnude [monnude] v. make someone depot. ~ kahirde, jaande walla hudo
swallow. barn. ~ kosam e nebam keccam dairy.
mofde V. hide; hold under the armpit. O mooftoowo (o) keeper.
mof dum He hid it under the arm. mooftude v. keep; protect; conserve.
mofoowo (o) person who hides things, Mooftu dum haa ngarten Keep it until
moggere (nde) hidden thing. we return.
mogginaade v. hide oneself. Hoi to o mookaade v. swallow without chewing.
mogginii Where is he hiding? mool (o) one stringed guitar, waawde ~ be a
skilled one- stringed-guitar player,
mogginoowo (o) person who hides.
moolaade v. seek protection.
moggitaade v. come out of hiding.
moolagol (ngdl) asylum; refuge.
moggitiido (o) person who came out of
hiding. moolde v. protect.
moggude v. hide; protect, modi a do (o) person who sought asylum.
Ko o mooliido He has thought asylum.
mojde V. cover with a cloth, a sheet or a
blanket. modlirde (nde) sanctuary.
mojaade v. cover oneself moolotoodo (o) person seeking protection.
mola (bci) young animal, moli (di) pi. mooltaade v. come out of hiding; give up a
shelter.
molficfde v. be bandy legged.
molfo (o) knock-kneed person. Ko o molfo mooltoowo (o) person who takes something
or someone from a hiding state.
He is knock-kneed.
moolanaande [moolanaa"de] adj.
momlaade v. rub something on oneself
wonderful.
momlude v. rub something on. Momlu
moomaade v. rub on oneself
dum eyeeso maa Rub it on your face.
moomde v. caress; pamper; rub, fondle,
momloowo (o) a person who rubs,
mooraade v. have one's hair braided.
momtaade v. wipe oneself off. Momto so a
haljitii Wipe your bottom when you finish moorde v. plait; braid.
defecating. mooreede v. be braided.
momtude v. wipe off; erase; elide. mddrgol (ngdl) braiding.
momtugol (ngdl) deletion, mooriido (o) a person with braided hair.
moil poss. your (plural referent), galle ~ mddrol (ngdl) braid; plait moori (di) pi
your house. mooroowo (o) person who braids.
moodon poss. your (plural), kaake ~ your moosde v. smile. Ndaw ko yaawi moosde
belongings. He smiles easily.
monaade v. make the best of a deal, mdosdl (ngdl) a smile.
monnaade v. be crushed; crumble away. mdosodjilmodsodooli (di) pi
monnude v. crush; squeeze; to mash; moosturu (ndu) braid ornament,
smash; squash. mooyde v. be lazy
mongude [m613"gude] v. be almost ripe. mooTde [moojje] v. gnaw.
monginde [m6I3"ginde] v. be almost right, mdoTi (di) white ants, termites.
come out. mooTu (ngu) white ant, termite.
moiitoor (o) {f^.} watch; clock montoraaji
mooytaade v. approach slowly mooyto
(di) pi walk slowly.
moobaare (nde) sinister, mooytagol (ngdl) slow and quiet walk.
moobde v. gather up. morde v. breed, eat grass.
moobre (nde) gathering, morle (de) balls of
moocfde [moodde] v. gather, morlere (nde) ball of
moodibo (o) scholar, learned person. mdrlude v. roll up

66
mornitde
muukaade

morndolde [momdolde] (fide) ball of. mu mi (cfi) millet ears.

mornitde [mornidde] v. crush again into mumnude v. come out.
pieces. muumru (ndu) millet stalk, muumi (cfi) pi.
mornitere (tide) piece. munal (ngal) patience, famcfude ~ lack
mornitte (de) pieces. patience, heeivde ~ be very patient. O alaa
morhude v. crush, muhal He is impatient, baawo muhal ko
mosol (ngol) path. alhamdulillahi Patience is always
rewarded.
moto (o) (fr.j motorcycle, mdtooji (cfi) pi.
wacfcfaade ~ ride a motorcycle. muhande v. have patience for.
motoor (o) {fr.j engine motoraaji (cfi) pi. muhde [munje] v. bear; forbear; be patient.
motto (ngo) thread. muhcfo [munTo] adj. patient.
mottoowo (o) spinner. muhotodcfum adj. bearable.
mottude v. 1) forget 2) spin, muhtoricfde [muhcoridde] v. lose patience,
moylaade v. twist; shuffle. mungaas [mul]"gaas] (o) file,
moylude v. hurry; walk faster moylu hurry muraade v. play deaf
up. muraadu (ndu) work,
moylugol (ngol) speed walk, murde v. suck.
moytaango (ngo) stroke, caress. murlicfde [murlidde] v. be round. Ina
moytude v. stroke; caress, rub gently. murlicfi It is round.
moTTere (tide) bounty; generosity; quality; murlo adj. round.
kindness. murtere (tide) revolt, murte (cfe) pi
moTTinde v. make good; do well. murtude v. revolt, rebel, be defiant.
mo TTinoowo (o) benefactor. murtugol (ngol) revolt, insurrection,
moTTo (o) good; reputable, necfcfo ~ a murtooki (ki) tree.
kind person. murtoonde (tide) fruit, murtoocfe (cfe) pi.
md TTude v. be good, be kind, muruk interj. sound of something that
mubbitde v. open. ~gite open one’s eyes. enters.
mubboowo (o) a person who closes. musidaagal (ngal) friendship.
mubbude v. seal; close; zip. Mubbu musicfcfo (o) dear, relative; friend, musibbe
hunuko maa Close your mouth. (be) pi.
muccude v. suck. musondirde [mus6"dirde] v. be a close
friend of
muccoowo (o) sucker,
mutal (ngal) sinking of; disappearance. ~
mudda (o) span; period; time; while, oon ~
naange sundown; sunset.
at that time. Wonii mudda It has been a
while. mutde [mudde] v. go under water; set; sink;
disappear.
muddere (tide) dummy state.
mutnude [munnude] v. sink, make go under
muddicfde [muddidde] v. be dumb.
the water, make disappear.
muddo (o) dummy. Ko o muddo He is a
mutum (o) bird.
dummy.
muudde [muudde] v. eat a floury
muddaade v. pay/give a tithe.
substance.
muddu (o) weight measurement ~ hoore muucfgol (ngol) eating of floury substance.
tithe.
muucfoowo (o) a person who eats a floury
muk/oc. never; not at all.
substance.
mum poss. his; her. hoore ~ himself,
mu lido (ngo) measurement which equals
herself four kilograms,
mumen poss. their.
muufol (ngol) braid.
muucfum poss. his; hers; its. muukaade v. exceed the expected limits.
mumaade v. remove grains from the ear. muukiicfo (o) excessive person.

67
muumantel Alla muyninde

muumantel Alla (ngel) an animal, muusde v. be painful Ina muusi It is

muumcfinde v. make someone dumb. painful.
muumcfude v. be dumb. muuseede v. ail.
muumdiicfo adj. mute. muuseeki (ki) pain; suffering.
muumcfugdl (ngol) dumbness. muusdum adj. sore; painful.
muumo (o) dumb person; mute. Ko o muusu (ngu) pain; ache. ~ hoore headache,
muunio He is dumb. migraine. ~ goddol / dakane angina,
muumre (nde) dumbness, muuya (o) objective, purpose. Ho! ko woni
muumnaade v. doze; nap, snooze. O woni
muuyaa maa What do you want'i^
ko e muumnaade He is taking a nap. muuyde v. desire, want.
muurde v. cover; veil; hide. muuyeede v. want; desire,
muurnaade v. cover one's head. Ko o muuybude v. be sprained,
muurniicfo Her face is covered with a muyninde v. breastfeed, suckle.
veil. muynude v. suck, breastfeed O mo muyna
muurorde (nde) veil, Itaa jooni He is still breastfeeding.
muus (o) sound made to attract a cat. muyningol (ngdl) breastfeeding.
Muusaa (o) male first name, muynugol (ngdl) breastfeeding.
muusaacfo adj. ailing; hurting. Ko o
muusaa do He is hurting.

68
mbaabattu mbuuwwa

MB Tb]

mbaabattu \^aabaxtu](ngu) locust, baabatti mbayla ["'bayla] (ka) forge,

(Cfi) pi. mbaylaandi [''T3aylaa"di] (ndi) industry,
mbaaddaagu pbaaddaagu] (ngu) lack of mbedda ["'bedda] (o) street./m/e ~ open a
energy. road, uddude ~ close a road, mbeddaaii
mbaaddi ["'baaddi] (ndi) a nonchalant (di) pi.
individual. Ko a mbaaddi You are weak, mbecfu ["'becfu] (ngi) cover.
mbaadi [^aadi] (ndi) feature, pattern; plight, mbeelu [™beelu] (ngt) silhouette; shadow. Ko
type, mo TTo ~ a pretty lady; a handsome o mbeelu makko tan He follows him like a
man. moTTude ~ be pretty/handsome. shadow.
bonde ~ be ugly.
mbeewa Pbeewa] (ba) goat, bey (di) pi.
mbaagaan [^aagaan] (o) bird, mbaaganeeji
mbege ["'bege] (o) bicycle rim.
(cfi) pi.
mbele ["'bele] conj. so that,
mbaala ["'baala] (o) fishing net. mbaalaaji
(cfi) pi. mbildi ["’bildi] (ndi) ceiling; mansard.
mbaalu ["'baalu] (ngn) sheep, baali (cfi) pi. mbimTa ["'bimYa] (ba) egg lice,
mbincaan ["'bincaan] (o) millet.
mbaangu ["’baa"gu] (ngn) spear,
mbindaan ["’bin"daan]fc>^ maid. Ko o
mbaawka ["’baawka] (ka) ability; means;
mbindaan She is a maid.
skill; aptitude, proficiency. Holla am cfo
mbaawka maa tolnii Show me what you mbir ["'bir] (o) wrestler, mbiruuji (di).
can do. mbiru ["biru] (ngi) woven reeds, biri (di) pi.
mbaayan [""baayan] (o) calabash.mboddi ["'boddi] (ndi) poisonous snake,
mbaayaneeji (cfi) pi. mbolo ["bolo] (ngo) forest, mbolooji (di) pi.
mbabba ["’babba] (ba) donkey. ~ hoore mboodude ["'boodude] v. denounce,
louse. ~ tugal hog, pig. wacfdaade ~ ride a mboolu ["'boolu] (ngn) horse,
donkey, bam cfi (cfi) pi.
mboombaagu ["'boo"'baagu] (ngn) virginity.
mbajju ["'bajju] (o) blanket, suddaade ~
mboomri ["'boomri] (ndi) girl, virgin. Ko o
cover oneself with a blanket,
mboomri She is a virgin. O wonaa
mbake ["'bake] (o) horse, mboomri She is not a virgin,
mbakku ["'bakku] (o) catapult, slingshot, mboongu ["'b66'’gu] (ngn) horse,
mbalka ["'balka] (ka) water storage place, mbootu ["'bootu] (ngt) strip of fabric for
mballa ["’balla] (o) farm, carrying a baby.
mbalndi ["'bardi] (ndi) bed. feeymude ~ mbortu ["'bortu] (ngn) baby goat,
make a bed. mbulayse ["'bulayse] (o) {f^.} bakery,
mbandu ["'ban"du] (o) water holder. mburbuttu ["’burbuttu] (ngi) baby toad,
mbanduuji (cfi) pi.
mburu ['"bum] (o) bread, loocdl ~ a loaf of
mbar pbar] I hope. Mbar acfa selli I hope bread.
you are well.
mburuutu ['"bumutu] (ngn) worm,
mbaraangu ["'baraa'’gu] (ngn) 1) horse 2)
mbuubu ['"buubu] (ngn) fly. ~ naaku a bee.
tithe.
buubi (di) pi.
mbarngu ["'bar"gu] (ngid) dam.
mbuudu ['"buucfu] (ngn) monetary unit.
mbaroodi ["'baroodi] (ndi) animal, baroocfe dam jarata ko mbuucfu It costs a monetary
(cfe) pi. ~ leydi a snake, unit.
mbasu ["’basu] (ngn) bag. ~ coofe bladder. mbuuwwa ^buuwwa] (o) bone marrow.
basi (dl) pi. buucaade ~ eat bone marrow.
mbato ["'bato] (o) lizard,
mbawgu ["baggu] (ngn) drum.///r/e~ play a
drum, bawdi (di) pi.

69
na
na part, process,
naacfaade v. stretch oneself.
naacfagol (ngol) stretching of oneself
naafige (o) hypocrite. Ko o naafige He is a
hypocrite, naafigeebe (be) pi.
naafki (ki) armpit. Naafki ma ina sicci Your
underarm smells badly, naafcfe (cfe) pi.
naakaade (nde) wooden board for tanning,
naale (cfe) dance.
naam part, yes (reply when called upon).
naamndaade [naam"daade] v. question;
inquire. So a andaa acfa foti naamndaade
If you do not know you should inquire,
naanaa (o) mint.
naane (o) a period ago. Mi yii mo naane I
saw him earlier.
naangde v. be sunny; be hot.
naange [naa"ge] (nge) sun; nadir, pucfal ~
sunrise, mutal sunset,
~
naaraade v. be lazy,
naasaade v. be blocked.
naasde v. block.
naatcfam [naacfcfam] (cfam) flood water.
naatde [naadde] v. enter; infiltrate; meddle,
penetrate, adhere. ~ e nder suudu enter a
room. ~ e fedde enter an age group; belong
to an age group.
naatgol (ngol) admission
naatirde (nde) entrance; inlet; access, entry,
door. Toon wonaa naatirde That is not the
entrance.
naatirde v. enter with/by. Naatir damal
fucfnaange Use the east entrance.
naatngo [naat"go] (ngo) entering.
naatnude [naannude] v. put in; make enter;
introduce; penetrate, admit. ~ ndiyam
irrigate.
naatondiral [naat6"diral](/?^<^/) caption.
naatondirde [naat6"dirde] v. intermingle,
grab other while wrestling.
naattinde v. make enter.
naattude v. be circumcised. O naattii hande
He was circumcised today.
naawde v. grill; place on top of fire to bum
hair.
naawcfude v. be light-skinned.
70
nanalla
namvo(o) light-skinned person. Ko o naayvo
He is light-skinned.
naayaade v. bend onself
naayde v. bend,
nabde v. take.
naddere (nde) alt.
nadorde (nde) waist, nadorcfe (cfe) pi.
nacfdal [naddal] (ngal) ravine.
nacfde [nadde] (ride) ravine, nafde v. benefit;
be useful; serve, cfum nafataa It is useless.
nafojum adj. useful; valuable.
nafoore (nde) importance, value, use; worth.
Ko/mo alaa worthless, nafooje (cfe) pi.
~
nafoowo (o) useful person.
nafqoowo (o) person who gives charity.
nafqude v. give charity.
naftoraade v. use something. Tettu naftoro
daa Take it and make a good use of it.
naftortoocfo (o) person who makes use of
something.
nagge (nge) cow; zebu, nay (cfi) pi.
nahre [naare] (nde) grass.
najde [najje] v. be astonished. Ko mi najcfo
I am astonished.
najnajilo (o) astonishingly smart person.
najnude [nannude] v. petrify; astound;
astonish.
najoore (nde) astonishment; consternation,
mystery, najooje (cfe) pi.
nammaadi (ki) tree.
nammanduru [namma"duru] (ndn)
abundance, plentiness.
nammude v. be abundant.
nambu [nam'T^u] (o) garden. ~ nebbe a bean
garden.
nanal (ngal) left, left hand, pacfal ~ left hand
show.
nano (ngo) left; left \\dind.jungo left hand.
~
bange ~ left side.
nanalla (o) hearsay, piece of news, cfum ko
nanalla That is hearsay, nanallaaji (cfi) pi.
nande v. hear; understand. A nanii Do you
understand?
nan cfe (cfe) hearing, ko faati e ~ acoustic,
aural.
nanirde v. listen with; hear with.
nadirde (nde) hearing device/part.
nantiicfo nelaacfo

nanondira! [nan6"diral] (ngal) accord; nawtude v. carry back; return. Nawtu cfum
agreement. Take it back.
nanondirde [nan6"dirde] v. agree. E be nawdi (ki) tree.
nanondiri They relate to each other very nay num. four, laahi ~ four times.
well.
nayabal (ngal) quarter, fourth.
nanoowo (o) hearer. O wonaa nanoowo He
nayabo (o) the fourth (in rank).
does not listen.
nayeejo (o) old person; veteran. Ko o
nanotoocfum adj. audible; acceptable.
nayeejo He is old. nayeebe (be) pi
nantinde v. interpret; translate; repeat louder.
nayeeyvu (ngii) old age.
nantinomvo (o) translator. Ko o nantinoowo nayeyvaagu (ngu) old age.
He is a translator,
naywinde v. make old.
nantiicfo adj. rich person,
nayyvude v. be old, act old. O nayyvii He is
nande [nanje] v. oppose, old.
nandal [nanMal] (ngal) purge, nayyvucfo (o) old person,
nando [nan"do] (o) person who is similar; lie part, what about.
analogous.
nebam (dam) oil. ~ keccam butter. ~
nandube [nan"dube] adj. identical; similar. defirteedam cooking oil. nehameeje (de)
nandude [nan"dude] v. resemble. E be pi
nanndi They look alike. necfcfo (o) person; someone; everyone;
nandugol [nan"dug61](>7^o/y) similitude, somebody. ~ kala anybody; everyone, ko
nangal [nal]"gal] (ngal) 1) tax; 2) eclipse. - faati e ~ human.
naange a solar eclipse. neebde v. be slow; be long,
nangande [naI3"gande] v. hold for. ~jungo neegde v. have no pity, be merciless. O mo
help; give a hand. neegi He is merciless,
nangirde [nal3"girde] v. hold with. neene (o) mother.
nangdndiral [nal]"g6"diral] (ngal) solidarity. neeniraado (o) mother.
nangude [nal]"gude] v. 1) arrest; apprehend; neeno (o) mommy.
catch; hold. 2) repossess. O nangaama He neesu (ngu) 1) culture 2) upbringing;
has been arrested. education.
nangugol [nal3"gug61] (ngdl) hold. neetoricfde [neetoridde] v. to be impolite. O
naskaacTo adj. cad. mo neetoridi He is impolite,
nasol (ngdl) anus. neetaro adj. impolite; disrespectful, rude,
natal (ngal) picture; photograph. ~ makko nefde v. resent; dislike; repulse. Ina nefnii It
his picture, nate (de) pi makes me want to throw up.
nattinde v. stop. nefnaade v. be disgusting
nattude v. cease, die. cfum nattii It has nefre (tide) dislike, resentment,
ceased. nehaade v. be well brought up, behave. O mo
nawande v. carry for. Nawan mo Take it for nehii He is polite.
him. nehde [neede] v. foster; upbring, train. Ko
nawde v. take, take along, transport. ~ kanko nehi mi He is my foster parent
furiyeer impound. nehdi [needi] (ndi) behavior; character;
nawdude V. 1) liken 2) take along. upbringing. moTTude nehdi have good
nmvliigu (ngn) polygamy Miyicfaa nawliigu upringing. honde ~ be rude, be ill-bred.
I do not like polygamy. nehii do adj. polite.
nawliraacfo (o) cowife, nawliraabe (be) pi nehooyvo (o) person who provides
nawlirde v. be polygamous O nmvlirii He is upbringing.
polygamous. nelaacfo (o) messenger, emissary, envoy,
naworde v. carry with Messiah. ~ Alla Prophet Muhammad
nelaabe (be) pi

71
newaade
nelal (ngal) message, errand, yettinile ~
deliver a message. Nelal ko bakkaat A
message is a sin (One must deliver
someone’s message).
neldal (ngal) parcel. Neldal maa yettiima
Your parcel has been delivered.
nelde v. send a person.
neldoowo (o) sender.
neldude v. send, wire. ~ kaalis wire money.
neldudb (o) sender.
newaade v. be easygoing. O mo neyvii He is
flexible.
ne^vaare (tide) kindness.
neyviicfo adj. flexible, easygoing,
newicfum adj. easy.
newninde v. facilitate; make easy.
neM'noowo (o) easygoing person.
newnude v. ease, make easy. Alla neyvnii It
went well.
iiewde V. grease; oil.
newre (tide) palm (hand),
ni part, thus; negative particle,
nibbere (tide) gloom; darkness, suusde ~ like
darkness. ~ kurum complete darkness.
nibdidde [nibbidde] v. be dark. Ina nibbidi
It is dark.
nibbiddo adj. grim, nibbo alt.
nibbiddum adj. obscure; dim.
nibbidinde v. obscure; obfuscate.
nibbo (o) an obscure person,
niilnude v. negate,
niiwcfude v. be cloudy.
niiwre (nde) cloudy weather,
nilol] (o) (f^.j nylon.
nimsa (o) remorse; regret. 0 alaa nintsa He
has no regret.
nimsitde [nimsidde] really regret.
ninviude v. regret. Mi nimsii I regret I did it.
nirkude v. grind.
no part. how. No mhaddaa How are you?
noddaango [noddaa"go] (tigo) call, noddaali
(di) pi.
noddinde v. call to prayer.
noddingol (tigol) a call for prayer.
noddinoowo (o) muezzin.
nodditaade v. sniff in; draw snot back.
nodditde [noddidde] v. recall.
72
nuunde
noddondirde [n6dd6"dirde] v. call one
another.
noddooyvo (o) caller.
noddude v. call, convoke; denominate.
noddudo (o) caller.
noddugol (tigol) calling.
nofru (tidu) ear. welde ~ have a good ear,
hear easily.
nokitaade v. remove couscous from steaming
utensil.
nokkande [nokkan"de] (tide) handful, share.
nokkere (tide) handful.
nokkude v. take a handful of.
nokku (o) place; fief, lieu; region; sector;
area. ~ safaara clinic; hospital. ~ goddo
elsewhere ~ deental venue. ~ kala
everywhere, nokkuuji (di) pi.
nollicfde [nollidde] v. be beardless,
nollo adj. beardless. Ko o nollo He is
beardless.
nombol [n6m'"b61] (tigol) charm.
noogaas (o) twenty. ~ e goo twenty and one.
noon adv. thus, dum ~ therefore, so.
noorde v. color.
noordi (tidi) color.
noordude v. change color.
noorol (tigdl) backbone; foundation. ~ keeci
spine.
nooroo (o) alligator; crocodile, noodi (di) pi.
noos (o) {fr.} celebration,
noosde v. {fr.} celebrate.
nootaade v. answer. ~ telefop answer the
telephone.
nootaango [nootaa"go] (tigo) answer,
nooyde v. be soft,
nucfcfinaade v. hide, squat,
nufaade v. go deep into mud.
nufde V. sink.
nuflude v. become unimportant. O mo nufli
He is useless,
nuggaro adj. shy; timid,
nuuncfal (ngal) honesty, trust, integrity;
probity. Nuundal ina nwTTi Honesty is
good.
nuundude v. be truthful; be honest.
nuundudo adj. honest, trustworthy,
nuunde v. caponize.
ndaarde nduulaldi

ND ["di

ndaarde ["daarde] v. look; seek. Hoi ko nder ["der] adv. in; among; inside. ~ suudu
ndaarataa What are you looking for? in the room.
Ngonmi ko e ndaarde Uggeey I am ndi ["di] det. the. ngaari ~ the ox.
looking for a job.
ndiga (o) nothing.
ndaaroowo ["daaroowo] (o) 1) person who
ndimaagu ["dimaagu] (ngn) honor;
looks 2) seeker. ~ Uggeey applicant. freedom. ~ hooremum independence.
ndaaroyde ["daaroyde] v. seek, go and seek. hebde ~ hooremum be free from slavery
ndaartoowo (o) seeker, or occupation O hedii ndimaagu hoore
ndaw ["daw] (o) ostrich, makko He is free.
ndaw ["daw] interj. inteijection signaling ndiwri ["diwri] (ndi) birds.
exaggeration or admiration. Ndaw ko ndiwoowa ["diwoowa] (ka) plane, airplane.
heewi haala He talks too much, laana an airplane, jolde e ~ take a plane;
~

nde ["de] part. 1) when; upon 2) det. Nde fly.

njiidaa mo nde o sellaano When you saw ndiyam ["diyam] (dam) water. ~ gawYal
him he was sick. sap. ~ njareteedam drinking water. ~
ndeen ["deen] adv. at that time. Ndeen o nguldam hot water. ~ buubdam cold
alaano toon At that time he was not there, water.
ndeen ["deen] det. that. ~ hoore that head, ndonu ["donu] (ngu) inheritance, patrimony
ndema ["dema] (ka) agronomy, ko faati e ~ ndungu ["dun"gu] (o) rainy season.
e ngaynaaka agricultural. ~ e ngaynaaka. Ndungu ngu moTTii We had a good
agronomy. So ndiyam alaa ndema rainy season.
woodataa One cannot farm when there is nduulaldi ["duulaldi](?7iy/j male lizard.
no water.

73
ngaameela nguyka

NG ["g]

ngaameela ["gaameela] (ka) laziness. ngesa (ba) farm.

wondude e~ht lazy. ngilngu ["girgu] (ngu) worm.
ngaandi ["gaan"di] (ndi) brain, ngaari (tidi) ngo ["go] del the.
bull. ngol ["gol] del the. laawol ~ the path,
ngabu (ngit) hippopotamus, gabi (cfi). ngolwa ["golwa](Z>aj dragon.
ngal (del) the. leggal ~ the wood, ngooroondi ["g66r66"di] (ndi) 1) snake 2)
ngalu ["galu] (ngu) fortune, foundation; basis. ~ hubeere the foundation
ngam conj. so that. of a building, gooroocfe (cfe) pi.
nganaari ["ganaari] (ndi) benefice; thrift. ngoraagu ["goraagu] (ngu) manhood; virility.
cfum alaa nganaari You cannot make a waasde ~ mum lose one’s manhood.
profit from that investment, ngori ["gori] (o) cock, ngdriiji (cfi) pL
ngangu ["gangu] (ngid) antipathy; hatred, ngu ["gu]
loathing. dUnt jibinta ko ngangu It breeds nguleeki ["guleeki] (ki) heat, heewde ~ act
hatred. important; put on airs.
ngaska ["gaska] (ka) hole, asde ~ make a nguli (ki) heat.
hole, gascfe (cfe) pi.
nguru ["guru] (ngu) skin. ~ hoore scalp,
ngasu ["gasu] (ngu) trench, ngasuuji (cfi) pi.
nguttu (ngu) pride,
ngaynaaka ["gaynaaka] (ka) herding,
nguufa ["guufa] (ka) lather; foam,
nge ["ge] del. the. nagge ~ the cow.
nguunu ["guunu] (ngu) chicken cage,
ngel ["gel] the (diminutive), naggel ~ the
little cow. nguura ["guura] (ka) victuals; food; food
supplies.
ngeya del that, nagge ~that cow over there,
nguurndam ["guur"dam] (cfam) life, e ~
ngeera ["geera] (o) trap ngeeraaji (cfi) pi. makko in his lifetime. ~ njuutcfam a long
ngelooba ["gelooba] (ba) camel, wacfcfaade life.
~ ride a camel. nguyka ["guyka] (ka) fraud; larceny; razzia;
ngembe ["gem'"be] (o){wol.} diaper, theft, cfum ko nguyka mawka It is a major
ngendi ["gen"di] (ndi) nation; motherland, ko fraud.
faati e ~ national, cfemcfe ~ national
languages.

74
njaajeendi njuuteendi

NJ ni
njaajeendi ['^’aajeendi] (ndi) width. njeenaarineenaari] (ndi) bribery, reward. O
njuuteendi e ~ the size of. Hoi no mo suusi
njuuteendi e njaajeendi galle o poti How njeenaari He likes bribery,
big is the lot? njeeygu ["^ceygu] (ngu) sale, trade,
njaareendi ["jaareendi] (ndi) sand. ~ njiilaw [^iilaw] (o) search, quest. O woni ko
ndaneeri white sand. e njiilaw He is searching,
njimri song; carol. ~ mbelndi a
njaatige ["jaatige] (o) host; sponsor. Hoi
beautiful song. ~ mettundi a bad song.
goncfo njaatige maa Who is your host?
njobdi ["jobdi] (ndi) salary; stipend; wages.
njaatiraadb [^aatiraacfo] (o) 1) host 2) great beydude ~ increase the salary, ustude ~
grandchild; great grandparent. reduce the salary, hebde ~ be paid, get
one’s salary.
njamala Hamala] (ba) 1) spider 2) giraffe,
njogoram ["jogoram] (dam) genitals. Ko
geese ~ a cobweb.
faati e ~ genital.
njamndi ["jam"di] (ndi) metal; steel. ~pono njoobaari ['^oorta] (ndi) food set aside for a
wheel. ~ baleeri iron. trip.
njaram Haram] (dam) beverage, sanvude- njoorta ["joortaj (o) hope anticipation;
serve drinks. expectation. ~ moTTa expected good news,
njurum (o) ["jurum] (o) pity,
njawdi ["jawdi] (ndi) ram. ~ kalhaldi ram.
njuulaawi ["juulaawi] (ki) dagger,
layyaade ~ slaughter a ram for sacrifice.
njuumri ["juumri] (ndi) honey,
nj ay tarn ["jaytam] (dam) water added to
njuuteendi ["juutee"di] (ndi) length. ~ e
cook a meal. njaajeendi the size of.

75
naadde
naacfde [naadde] v. be ill-tempered; be naantungal [naantu"gal] (ngal) elegance;
fierce.
naadahoore (o) unlucky individual; old
person.
naafaade v. roll one's clothes up. O woni
ko e naafaade He is rolling his clothing
up.
naagaade v. request; beseech; appeal;
implore; solicit; crave, pray for.
naagaro (o) person with endless needs.
naagotoodo (o) person who tries.
naagunde [naagu"de] (nde) petition, plea,
proposal; request,
naaki (di) bees.
naaku (ngti) bee. mhuubu ~ a bee.
naalal (ngcil) white bird,
naaltaade v. trim; cut the upper part of the
grass.
naamanduru [naama"duru] (ndu)
abundance of food.
naamateeri (ndi) food supplies.
naamatinde [naamatin"de] (nde) leftovers.
naamdaro (o) person who eats incessantly.
~ naamgawiijo voracious; greedy.
naamde v. eat. O woni ko e iiaamde He is
eating.
naamdu (ndu) food; nutrition; way of
eating, naamde (de) pi.
naamgawiijo adj. voracious; greedy.
naamdaro ~ voracious; greedy.
naantirde v. eat with, naamrude alt.
naamoowo (o) person who eats. ~ yimbe
cannibal. Ko o naamoowo He is eating.
naanwwel (ngel) depredator.
naamre (nde) fine.
naamroowo (o) person who eats with.
naamrude v. eat with. ~ Jungo eat with a
hand. ~ kuddu eat with a spoon.
naamtaade v. rust.
fiaamo (ngo) right hand, harjpe ~ dexter. nalaande [nalaa"de] (nde) day; particular
jungo ~ right hand.
fiaande [naa"de] (nde) pericarp, grain halawma (o) day. ~ hande o today; this
shells.
liaantaade v. dress up.
naantagol (ngol) elegance.
naantude v. dress someone up.
nalaande
i»
the act of dressing up.
fiaande [naanje] v. play the fiddle.
naanooru (ndu) fiddle, violin. O mo yvaawi
itaanooru He is a skilled violin player.
naanoowo (o) fiddler,
fiaante [naance] (de) carded cotton,
naantude [haancude] v. card cotton,
naarde v. shine
naasal (ngal) scar.
naawde v. judge; adjudicate, adjudge;
doom. ~ goonga render a good
judgment/verdict. ~ fenaande render a
wrong judgment/verdict.
naaweede V. be judged.
naawoore (nde) trial; adjudication;
judgment, naawooje (de) pi.
naawoowo (o) judge. ~ goonga a good
judge.
naawoyde v. go and judge,
naayde v. eat crops. Nay di naayii ngesa
ba The cows ate the crops.
naaygol (ngol) the eating of crops.
naayko (ko) stalks.
naakon (kon) small beads; small pearls.
naayre (nde) bead, pearl. naaYe (de) pi.
naaTal (ngal) slow pacing.
naaTde [naajje] v. flaunt; parade; walk
slowly.
nabbude v. pile/gather disorderly.
nakkaade v. jump on; fall on. Mbaroodi
ndi itakkii e makko The lion jumped on
him.
iiakkeere (nde) pile of dead shrubs.
nakkitaade v. redo a fence of shrubs.
nakkude v. pile dead shrubs; fence with
shrubs.
nakkudi (ndi) ornament pieces, nakkule
(de) pi.
day.
very day. naldi (di) pi.
nallande [nallan''de] (nde) day; the spending
of a day.
76
nale
nallande v. spend the day for. Ko mi gardb
nallande ma I came to spend the day at
your house.
nallinde v. spend a day. nallinen cfoo Let
us spend the day here.
nallirde (nde) gathering place during the
day; a place where people spend the day.
nallude v. spend the day.
nalnde [narde] (nde) daily stay.
nalngu [nargu] (ngu) day.
nande [na"de] (nde) day; the day. ~ kala
always; daily. ~ ndeen a particular time
ago.
nale (nge) heifer, halbi (di) pi.
nalel (ngel) calf
nallambero [nallam"’bero] (o) dear friend.
namaande [namaa"de] (nde) debt, loan.
suusde ~ be eager to take loans, hulde ~
be reluctant to take loans.
namlaade v. borrow. ~ kaalis borrow
money.
namliicfo (o) indebted person; borrower.
namlude v. loan; give on credit; lend.
namlu mo ujundere dolaar Lend him one
thousand dollars.
namakala (o) dependents; dependent
artists.
namako (ko) pimento, red pepper,
namambo [namam^bo] (ko) eyebrow
nemambo (ko) alt.
namminde v. feed; nourish ~ sukaabe feed
the children.
namminoowo (o) person who feeds.
namneejo (o) witch.
namri (ndi) dish; meal; stodge, food. ~
ngulndi hot food. ~ buubndi cold food.
iiamtude v. eat what is forbidden,
nangere [nal]"gere] (nde) rage, wickedness,
unkindness.
nangude [nal]"gude] v. be fierce.
nangudo [nal]"gucfo] adj. naughty,
ferocious; fierce, suka ~ a fierce child,
nappude v, 1) rain heavily; pour 2) lay on;
cover.
narde V. dress up.
natti (o) fish.
naw (o) disease; illness; sickness. ~ gite
conjunctivitis nabbuuU (di) pi.
nawande [nawan"de] (nde) wound, abscess.
nawde v. be sick.
77
nifde
nawdo adj. ill, sick.
nawndaade [naw"daade] v. have charms.
iiawndogal [naw"dogal] (ngal) talisman;
charm.
fiayvndude [naw"dude] v. make a charm for
someone.
nawnude v. sicken.
iiawlude v. be high. Naange nawlii The sun
is high.
ntbht(de) beans, itewre (nde) sing,
neyvhewol (ngdl) bean plant.
iieyvre (nde) bean; fruit stone; pea. nebbe
(de) pi.
necfande [nedan"de] (nde) a potful of (e.g.
water).
hedde [nedde] v. take a potful of
hedugal (ngal) small pot nedude (de) pi.
heebaade v. shrug one's shoulders.
neebaango [neebaan"go] (ngo) shrugging
of shoulders.
neekam (dam) sauce,
neegtaade v. creep,
neenal (ngal) skill, experience.
neende [heenje] v. 1) flatter 2) be skilled.
neeho (o) type of caste, artist caste, artisan.
Ko o neeiio He belongs to the artisan
caste.
neenre (nde) flattery,
neesol (ngol) cut on the face,
nekkude v. trip along; canter; gallop; trot,
nemambo [nemam'^bo] (ko) eyelash,
nemboowo [nem"'boowo] (o) person who
mimics.
nembude [nem"’bude] v. emulate; imitate,
mime, simulate.
nemtinde v. mimic; imitate, simulate. O
woni ko e nemtinde ma He is imitating
you.
nengaade [nel]"gaade] v. perform magic.
nengi [nel]"gi] (di) magic.
nengotoodo [nel]"gotoocfo] (o) a magician.
Ko o nengotoodo He is a magician.
nenkilaade [nel]kilaade] v. lie sideways.
nibaade v. be planted.
nibande [niban"de] (nde) hole.
nibde v. stab, plant.
nibirde v. plant with.
nibtaade v. transplant,.
nifde v. turn off, put off, extinguish.
nihri
hifcfo adj. dummy. Ko o hifcfo He is stupid.
itifcfum adj. extinct.
nihri [niiri] (ndi) dish made of millet grains
and meat.
hiibde v. stay long; last. Aduna nidaaki ko
ko baarii The world is not static/Things
change.
niibcfum adj. lasting.
niire (nde) tooth. iiiiYe (de) pi.
niiwa (ba) elephant, niibi (di) pi.
nikle (de) tickles, hulde ~ be sensitive to
tickles, suusde ~ be insensitive to tickles.
nikleede v. be tickled.
iiiklude v. tickle.
himbude [nim'^Dude] v. be grouped.
nit]de V. blame; reproach,
hippude V. plant.
nirbinaade v. show an angry face,
hirtotal (ngal) worm.
hittaade v. blow one's nose, nitto blow
your nose.
nittere (nde) mucus.
nittude v. blow someone's nose,
hobbude v. tan; beat; do leather,
hoftude V. unfold.
hohde [noode] v. gossip about someone,
traduce.
nohoowo (o) person who gossips.
iiohre (nde) gossip. ~ moTTaani gossip is
despised.
nolde V. rot; putrefy; be rotten, dum nolii
It is rotten.
noldum adj. rotten.
iiolnude v. make rotten,
nomaade v. hurry.
nondicTde [n6n"dicfde] v. nasalize one’s
speech.
nondo v. person whose speech is affected
by nasalization.
nongude [nol3"gude] v. roll up.
nongaade [nol]"gaade] v. wriggle; gather
oneself up before leaping.
nongol [n6I]"g61] (ngdl) pleat,
hoofaade v. curl up.
noofande [noofan"de] (nde) disorderly
piled/packed items.
fioofde V. pile in a bag disorderly.
nddfbl (ngol) fold.
78
nuunu
nooju (o) hypocrite.
nookaade v. squeeze oneself in.
nookde v. squeese in.
nooleede v. have no means; be poor.
noolu (ngu) poverty.
hoomre (nde) hay; dry grass for animal
consumption.
hootde [noodde] v. sew; stitch.
nootgol (ngdl) the act of sewing.
nootirde v. sew with.
nootol (ngdl) sewing; seam; sewing style.
nootoowo (o) tailor; seamstress,
noraade v. raise one's clothes up.
norde v. roll/raise someone's clothes.
itorbolol (ngdl) wrinkle; plica, ndrdolli (di)
pi
ndrdude v. be wrinkled.
norngilaade [n6r"gilaade] v. show an
angry/sad facial expression,
norgo (ngo) winnow,
hosde V. be cheap. Onto nosi He is cheap,
nowtude v. dress up.
noynaade v. kneel.
noTTere (nde) pressure.
noTTitde [noTTidde] v. release from
pressure.
iio TTude v. apply pressure; compress; press
on.
huggaade v. have one’s hair braided
temporarily.
huggootvo (o) person who provides
temporary braiding of hair.
nuggude v. braid temporarily,
nukaade v. pick up dry wood.
nukindaade [nuki"daade] v. pick up small
dry wood.
nukkindaade [nukki"daade] v. spy. daccu
nukkindaade Stop spying.
nukkondirde [nukk6"dirde] v. agglomerate;
pile shrubs up.
numptaade v. whisper.
nuumbaade [huu'^baade] v. to murmur;
whisper, sough.
iiuunde [nuunje] v. lament.
nuunu (ngn) ant, pismire; black antj. warde
~ stay after eating, nuu Yi (di) pi.
gaablude
^aablude v. yawn.
i^aablugol (ngdl) yawn, i^aablaali (cfi) pi.
13aabaade v. 1) be wide open 2) be spoilt.
t]aabal (ngal) opening.
T^aabde v. open wide, x^aab hunuko maa
Open your mouth.
i^abbitaade v. be open wide apart.
T^abbitde [t]abbidde] v. open wide apart. ~
hunuko open the mouth wide apart.
t3aacal (ngal) scratch. ~ battingal cicatrix.
T\aacde v. scratch. O r^aaci mo e tiinde She
scratched his face.
x]aacere (tide) scratch.
t3aafde v. claw.
I3aalde (tide) piece of watermelon.
X]aalde v. eat water melon.
t3aanaade v. scratch oneself Ho! ko
X]aahotocfa Why are you scratching
yourself?
X]aahande [I3aanan"de] (tide) scratch.
t]aande [I]aanje] v. scratch.
Qaasde v. scratch.
I]abbirde (tide) ramp; ladder.
X]abbirde v. climb with. ~ seel climb with a
ladder.
X]abbude v. ascend; climb. ~ dow haayre
climb a mountain.
X]abbug6l (tigol) climbing.
t]acfaali (di) sounds of the camel.
X]acfde [r)adde] v. make the sound of a
camel.
T]addere (tide) crack.
X]addo (tigo) half of a cola nut. r)addo ngo
yonii One half of the cola nut will suffice.
X]addude v. crack open.
l]akkere (tide) handicap, insufficiency,
deficit; shortage. E den ngondi e X]akkere
mawnde We have a major deficit. V)akke
(de).pl.
X]akkude v. lack; be short of Ina x)akki It is
rare.
X]akkudi (iidi) shortage. T]akkule (de) pi.
X](ikkuduni adj. incomplete.
X]akkug6l (tigol) deficit; deficiency.
13aide (tide) space. ~ mawnde a bid space.
r)annaade v. lower one’s performance.
r)6r)Cfi
t]appere (tide) bite.
X)appo adj. insufficient; short.
X]appude v. bite; have a bite.
T]appudi (tidi) bite X]appule (de) pi.
t3arcfude v. be pretty.
X]ari (tidi) appearance. moTTude ~ be
pretty, bonde ~ be ugly.
13atiwere (tide) pain prior to delivery.
X]anvude v. be about to deliver.
X]anvudo (o) parturient; person about to
deliver. Ko o X]anvudo She is about to
deliver. X]ardube (be) pi.
I]atande [l]atan"de] (tide) bite.
X]atde [13adde] v. 1) bite, tingle 2) be
stubborn. Ndaw ko X]ati He is so
stubborn.
V]atere (tide) bite.
X]ati (di) bugs; lice.
X]ator^ato (tigo) insect(s), itching. X]atiX]ati
(di)pl.
13ayloowo (o) climber.
X]aylude v. climb O mon X]ayla e lekki He
is climbing up the tree.
I]eerde v. be tight. Ina X]eeri It is tight.
X]eernude v. tighten.
l]eewaali (di) purrs, baby cries.
X]eeivde v. purr; miaow.
13efde V. gnaw, nibble.
I]ende [l]enje] v. gild; adorn; embellish;
decorate.
X]ehema (o) earring boornaade ~ mum
wear one’s earring. X]ehemaaji (di) pi.
I3obande [I]oban"de] (tide) fish bite; bite.
X]obde V. bite.
X]6bdi (tidi) fish bite. X]6bU (di) pi.
X]dmindaade [13obi"daade] v. gnaw; chew
at.
!]olde V. nibble, chew at E ndun pola
Tiyal ngal The dog is chewing at the
bone.
l^omsinde v. squat.
I]6msude v. flick a finger.
T]ol]de V. be sleepy. Mbede X]dl]i I am
sleepy.
I]6r)g6l (tigol) sleepiness; somnolence.
r]dr]di(di)pl.
79
l^oocfde T]uylude

X]oobile V. 1) make a face 2) be short. 13urtugurtu (o) continuous small fights.

wudere ~ a short sarong. daccee X]urtuX]ur1u Stop fighting.
13oocfde [goodde] v. be tired. t3uslaango (tigo) lament, sigh. V]uslaali
I366t66tu (ngu) bug. X]66tddti (di) pi. (di) pi.
qooyre (nde) penis, diidol ~ truth. X]uslere (nde) sigh; lament.
I]oral (ngal) lower bank of a river. ~ X]uslude V. sigh; lament.
maayo lower bank of the river. t3uunde [puunje] v. make the cry of the
t]uccere (tide) pinch. X]ucce (de) pi hyena.
X]uccude V. pinch O X]ucci mo e jungo She 13uurde V. growl
pinched his arm. Quyliide V. whine.
X]uccug6l (figol) pinching. X]uccule (de) pi.
X]uceede v. be pinched.

80
0
0 det. the; he; she. necfdb ~ the person. O
yahii He left.
oo det. this, —gorko this man.
oon det. the; that. ~ necfcfo that person. ~
tuma at that time.
ocfon pers. pron. you (plural). O don njiya
Can you see?
on pers. pron. you (pural). On njettii ma
You have arrived.
onon you (plural),
okkude v. hand over,
olde V. loose leaves,
oinde [orde] (nde) cry.
oiowere (nde) sweat.
ombaade [om^’baade] v. be closed.
dmbirgal [6m"’birgal] (ngal) cover; lid.
ombitde [om^bidde] v. open.
omboode [om"’boode] (nde) lid, cover. ooyre (nde) unwillingness to share food.
Yitere wadanaaka omboode Eyes do not oppaacfo adj. feverish. K6 mi oppaado I
have lids (Nothing is hidden to the eye).
ombude [om'^bude] v. close; cover.
omo part. he/she is. O mo toon S/he is
there.
omtude v. open.
onde [ohje] v. remove grain shells,
oocfaa det. that one. ~ neddo that person,
oocfoo det. this one. ~ neddo this person,
oogde V. extract, rub.
oogirgal (ngal) extraction instrument.
oogo (ngo) extraction,
oogore (nde) rubbing stone,
oolaade v. cry.
dolel (ngel) echo.
oolcfude V. be yellow. Ina ooldi It
yellow.
ooldudum adj. yellow.
oolo adj. yellow.
Oolel (o) female first name,
oolel (ngel) echo.
oonaade v. deviate, be bent; be unjust, 1
crooked. O mo oonii He is unjust.
oonaare (nde) aberrance, injustice.
81
oTTaade
o
oonde [oonje] v. bend.
oonidum adj. crooked; tortuous.
oonii do (o) crook.
oontude [ooncude] v, straighten.
oondu [66"du] (ndu) fish. O joggii oondu
He caught the fish called oondu.
oorde v. 1) go to pasture, go to graze 2)
wander. O oorii He is wandering.
oornde [oor"de] (nde) herd.
oornude v. drive sheep to pasture. O oornii
nay He drove the cattle to pasture.
oortude v. return from pasture.
ooTaade v. fall.
ooyde v. be unwilling to share food.
ooyoowo (o) person unwilling to share food.
Ko o ooyoowo He is unwilling to share his
food.
am feverish.
oppere (nde) fever O mo wondi e oppere
He is feverish.
oppude V. be feverish.
ormaade v. crush tobacco in one's palm.
ormanke [ormaflke] (o) name used to
designate a Haratine individual.
oto (o) (f^.j vehicle; car. dognude ~ drive a
car.
otoraay (o) {fr.} train, dannoraade ~ travel
by train.
ottaango [ottaa"go] (ngo) groan,
ottude V. (fr.} groan,
owde V. be troubled.
owlude V. sweat.
ownude v. trouble. ~ hakkille trouble
someone.
oya det. that; that one. neddo ~ that
person.
oynude v. hold over fire.
oTTaade v. fall
6 TTude V. knock down.
paabi pendagol

paabi (cfi) frogs, faaburu (ndu) sing. paltu (o) {wol.} uniform. O boorniima
paacfcfo adj. 1) narrow 2) easily vexed. Ko paltu makko He is wearing his uniform,
o paacfcfo He gets angry easily, pamarel adj. tiny.
paafal (ngal) trace left after hoeing, pamaro adj. small, rchnuXt. famefude v.
paalel (ngel) small gourd ~ manna an pane (o) basket.
individual who gets upset easily. Ko o pante (cfe) sin\its. fantere (nde) sing.
paalel manna He gets upset very easily. pappaaya (o) pawpaw tree.
paas (o) fare, yofkle ~ mum pay one’s fare. pappaaye (o) pawpaw fruit,
Hoi no paas o foti What is the fare?
parasseewal (ngal) (fr.} umbrella,
paasuuji (cfi) pi.
parde v. {fr.} be ready. Mi parii I am
paasaase (o) (fr.j passenger,
ready. Mi paraani tawo I am not ready
paasde v. (fr.) iron. O woni ko e paasde yet.
comci jom suudu makko He is ironing his
parti (o) {fr.} party. Kambe ngondi e parti
wife’s clothes.
gooto They are members of the same
paasde v. (fr.) pass an exam. O paasii he party.
passed his examination,
pattuki (ki) tree, pattuefe (cfe) pi.
pasiot] (o) restaurant,
pawagol (ngdl) dependence,
paaspoor (o) {fr.} passport.
peccoowo (o) divider.
Paate (o) male first name,
peccugdl (ngdl) partition.
paaycfo adj. worried. Acfa nandi epaaycfo
peecdl (ngdl) partition; opening,
You look worried.
peel (o) {fr.} shovel, asirde ~ dig with a
paaygol (ngdl) worry.
shovel.
pabbingol (ngdl) deferment; postponement;
peerefo adj. lucid; intelligent, necfcfo ~ a
adjournment.
lucid person. Ko o necfcfo peerefo She is a
paccirgol (ngdl) commentary, very intelligent person.
pacfal (ngal) big shoe. peertucfo adj. lucid, intelligent.
pacfe (de) shoes, boortude ~ take off peesde v. (fr.) weigh. O mon peesa maaro
shots, boornaade ~ wear shoes, boortu ko He is weighing the rice.
pacfe maa Take your shoes off facfo
peesirde v. weigh with.
(ngo) sing.
peesirgal (ngal) scales peesirefe (cfe) pi.
padara (o) roll of cloth.
peewai (ngal) decency; adequacy.
paddagol (ngdl) ambush; ambuscade.
peeyvcfo adj. righteous; just; appropriate.
paggiri (ndi) wild millet.
peeyvnitaagol (ngdl) the act of getting
paho (o) deaf person. Ko o paho He is deaf
ready, preparation.
pajaas (o) mattress, pajasuuji (cfi) pi.
peewnitoowo (o) repair person. ~ otooji a
pak foe. used for emphasis; really; mechanic.
completely, maayde ~ be really dead.
peeyvnoowo (o) maker. ~ otooji a car maker,
pakke (o) {fr.} liner,
pellital (ngal) decision,
pakket (o) {fr.} packet, box.
pelloowo (o) gunman,
~ siiukara a box of sugar.
pemboowo [pem"’boowo] (o) barber.
pakketaaji (cfi) pi
pel] gal (ngal) stake, a planted stick; pillar,
palaat (o) {fr.j plate. post, pet]cfe (cfe) pi
palal (ngal) a long piece of wood used to Penda [pen"da] (o) female first name.
close a gate.
pendel [pe"dd] (agel) undersarong.
palanteeje (cfe) windows, udditde ~ open pendelaaji (cfi) pi
the windows, uddude ~ close the
pendagol [pen"dag61] (ngdl) frost.
windows, falanteere (nde) .sing.

82
penoowo
pur

pendoowo [pen"doowo] (o) person who polotigi (o) (fr.} politics.

freezes. pom (o) (fr.} apple; deck. Takkude ~ eat
penoowo (o) liar. Aan ko a penoowo You an apple.
are a liar. pompe (de) (fr.} pumps.
pentiir (o) (fr.) paint. pompudev. {fr.} spray.
pentirde v. paint pompiteer (o) (fr.} potato.
pentirgol (ngol) painting. pondugol [p6n"dug61] (ngdl) comparison.
peragol (ngol) 1) expense 2) accident. O poobaar (o) (fr.} pepper. Ina manki
mo suusi pere He spends a lot of money. poobaar I need to add more pepper.
percfo (o) immigrant. Ko o percfo He poocfgol (ngdl) pulling poodoowo (o)
migrated. drawer, person who pulls,
perlel (ngel) little hill, poofirgel (ngel) comma.
peru (ngu) nail. poofoowo (o) person who breathes,
petto adj. single; alone; sole gooto ~ one poolaacfo (o) defeated person.
and only. pool do (o) winner.
pewjanoowo (o) plotter,
pdolgdl (ngdl) victory.
pibol (ngol) knot,
poos (o) (fr.} pouch; pocket. ~ juldo an
piindi [pii"di] (ndi) bloom, empty pocket; a pocket with no money in
pijirgel (ngel) toy. it. nder ~ in the pocket.
pijoowo (o) 1) actor; player 2) prostitute. pooTcfo adj. gaunt; lank; meager, skinny.
piliweer (o) {fr.} pullover; sweater, boorno pooTtiicfo adj. strict; straight; lawabiding;
piliweer maa ina jaangi Wear your upright.
sweater because it is cold. porogaraam (o) (fr.} program. Hoi ko
piliyaan (o) (fr.} deckchair, woni porogaraam maa hande What are
pilnitiicfo adj. furious; irate, you doing today?
pingaade v. take a shot, be vaccinated. portal (ngal) straight line / direction
pingu [pil]"gu] (o) 1) safety pin 2) shot. posone (o) (fr.} poison. Ina wadi posone It
pinguu ji (cfi) pi. is poisonous.
pingude [pil3"gude] v. inject, give a shot. O pot (o) Ifr.} can. ~ tamaate a can of
pingii mo He gave him a shot, tomatoes.
pinal (ngal) vigilance; awareness, potal (ngal) equality accuracy; parity,
intelligence. pottal (ngal) meeting.
pin do adj. vigilant; intelligent; awake. piiccu (ngu) horse, dognude ~ ride a horse.
V. pucci (di) pi.
pinnucTo adj. irate. pucel (ngel) little horse,
pinnugol (ngol) anger, passion, pulaagu (ngu) Fulani pride.
pirlu (ngn) enclosure, Pullo (o) Fullani, Fula person. Ko o Piillo
He is Fullani.
pittirgal (ngal) broom, pittirdi (di) pi.
pulook (o) cassava; yam
pittugol (ngdl) sweeping,
piindi [pun"di] (ndi) dust. Ina IteeM’ipundi
piye (de) contributions. _//>’r/£ v.
It is dusty,
pocfcfe (de) seeds; pills, yarde ~ mum take
piiiiaacfo (o) twin
one’s \>'^%. foddere (nde) .sing.
puniido (o) a person who gave birth to
pogu (ngu) shelter, poguuji (di) pi.
twins.
pokpokolam (dam) shallow area nearest to
punotoodo (o) person who gives birth to
the bank Haade pokpokolam dam Stay
twins.
in the shallow area,
puntinaade [puncinaade] v. plunge into
polis (o) (fr.} police.
deep water,
polise (o) (fr.} a police officer. Ko o polise
pur (fr.} for.
He is a police officer.

83
purayel
purayel (ngel) little pigeon.
piirto (o) type of bird purtooji (di) pi
piittere (nde) 1) fart, lie. 2) nothing. O
andaa puttere He knows nothing, putte
(de) pi
puttoowo (o) liar.
puttude V. fart; lie. A puttii you lied,
puucfdi [puuddi] (ndi) henna.
84
puTe
puuntaacfo (o) a deceived individual.
puuntugol (ngdl) decQii fuunti (o) alt.
puuycfo (o) stupid person.
puuyndam [puuy"dam] (dam) stupidity.
puTe (de) pimples./« Tere (nde) sing,
pu Tel (ngel) small pimple.
puTooivo (o) person who kills lice.
raabde rendinde

R
raabde v. contaminate; transmit. Ko aan rawtitaane (o) four years ago.
raati mi You are the one who rawde v. pass,
contaminated me.
rayteede v. be bewildered.
raabeede v. be contaminated.
raytude v. bewilder.
raabo (ngo) contamination,
raTTere (nde) tuft of grass.
raamde v. circle, caracole,
rebde v. spread. Ko ko rebata It spreads
raamraamtude v. circle; caracole, around.
raayre (nde) nenuphar, daaye (de) pi. reedeede v. be born out of wedlock.
rabbere (nde) short size. reedde v. be pregnant outside of marriage;
raddicfde [rabbidde] v. be short. Ina bear out of wedlock.
raddicfi It is short. reedu (ndu) stomach; belly, abdomen. ~
rabbi dinaade v. make short; shorten. muusooru a stomach ache ~ mehru an
Rabbidino Make your intervention short. empty stomach.
rabbi dinde v. abbreviate; shorten; reedu nte (o) woman with pregnancies
condense. ~ haala cut (speech) short, before marriage.
raddo (ngo) hunt, hunting yahde ~ go reenaade v. guard against; be careful.
hunting, be njahii raddo They went reenande v. guard for.
hunting. reende v. supervise; watch over. ~ waktu be
radddyde v. go hunting. O raddoyii He punctual. ~ no feeyvi control tightly.
went hunting. reeneede v. be guarded against.
raddude v. hunt, reennude v. allocate; guard against.
racfo (ngo) tendon; cartilage, reenoyde v. go and guard.
racftaade [rattaade] v. remove a pot from reentaade v. beware; guard oneself against;
the stove, be careful. Reento Be careful.
rafde v. lack. reentinde v. 1) warn, caution; forewarn;
rafeede v. be sick. ~ cellal be sick. Ko o forestall; alert 2) gather again. Mi
dafaado He is sick. reentinii mo I warned him
rafi (o) illness; sickness. O mo wondi e reentondirde v. avoid one another,
rafi He is sick. reetude v. be skinny.
rajo (ngo) {fr.} radio. ~ kankan hearsay. reftude v. follow again; repeat. Reftu do
udditde ~ switch the radio on. nifde ~ ndeyvno daa Go back the way you
switch the radio on. rajdoji (di) pi. came/Repeat what you said.
rakkoor (o) {fr.} hose, roosrude ~ water regaade v. be smooth,
with a hose, regde v. move slowly.
ramde v. squat regginde v. lead, guide.
ral^alde (nde) backside. O fii mo e reggondirde [reggondirde] v. be aligned;
raljalde He hit him on his backside. follow one another.
raneere adj. white, wudere ~ white sarong. remde v. plough; fallow; farm. ~ ngesa
ramvinde v. bleach; whiten. mum cultivate one’s farm, take care of
rami’ude v, be white. Ina ranwi It is white, one’s own business.
ranneere (nde) tuft of grass, remnaade v. be employed as a farmer,
rato (o) {fr.} rake, ratooji (di) pi. remmeraacfo (o) mother's sister's child,
rawaandu [rawaa"du] (ndu) dog, hound. ~ rendinde [ren"dinde] v. 1) unite, blend;
fetel trigger. collect, compile 2) cause people to
rawane (o) last year. ~ ndeya two years quarrel.
ago. rendude [ren"dude] v. gather, share.
rawtane (o) three years ago. reentude v. meet, rally; merge, congregate.

85
reppeende
reppeende [reppee"de] (tide) deliberate rimtude v. unload. ~ dimngal unload/to
offense.
reppude v. provoke deliberately.
resde v, 1) put aside 2) wed. O resii He got
married.
resande v. marry for. Mi resanii mo I
married his daughter.
resndude [res"dude] v. 1) to empower;
entrust 2) keep.
rewanke [rewal3ke] (o) northerner.
rewo (ngo) North, huccude ~ go north.
huccitde ~ face north.
rewbe (be) women. ~ maw be old women.
debbo (o) sing.
rhvru (ndu) female, rawaandu ~ a female
dog.
rewde v. 1) follow; persist; conform;
pursue; revere; venerate 2) owe. ~ laawol
be straight; be law-abiding.
reyveede v. owe.
rewnude v. make something pass through
and opening.
rewtaade v. follow one's footsteps again.
reftaade alt.
ribaa (o) illicit profit(s)
riddo (ngo) chase,
riddude v. chase.
rido (o) {fr.} curtain. telUnde ~ lower the
curtain, ridooji (cfi) pi.
riicfde [riidde] (tide) fart.
riicfde [riidde] v. fart,
riimde v. tell lies,
riis (o) saw.
riiwde v. banish, dispel, expel, revoke,
evict; drive off.
riiweede v. be revoked; be expelled. O
riiwaama ekkol He was banned from
school.
riiwoyde v. go and ban someone.
rimare adj. barren (use restricted to
animals, cows specially).
rimde v. give birth (use restricted to
animals).
rimcfinde v. free a slave; emancipate;
abolish slavery; decolonize. ~ jiyaadb free
a slave.
rimdineede v. be freed.
rim (fade v. be noble.
rimndude [rim"dude] v'. load an animal.
dimngal (ngal) n.
rujjaade
remove from the back of an animal.
dimtugol (ngol) n.
rippo (ngo) dance.
rippude v. strike one's foot/feet on the
ground.
robaande [robaa"de] (tide) ears of millet
gathered on the ground.
robtude v. pick millet ears gathered on the
ground.
robine (o) {fr.} faucet; tap.
roggude v. strike on the head with the fist,
rojde [rojje] v. go early in the morning,
rokkude v. donate; provide; give.
rokkitde [rokkidde] v. give again,
ronde v. bequeath; inherit.
ronnude v. make someone inherit one’s
property.
ronkere [rol3kere] (tide) poverty;
inaptitude. Sinno wonaano roljkere
mami arane If I had the means I would
come for you.
ronkitde [rol^kidde] v. be completely unable
to perform.
ronkude [r61]kude] v. be incapable of
roondaade [roo"daade] v. carry on the
head. ~ ko teddi carry a heavy load.
roontaade v. 1) go the opposite direction of
the current 2) take a load off, unload.
roosde v. (fr.) sprinkle, water. O mon
roosa hucfo ko He is watering the grass.
rosaade v. lose one's hair Hoore makko
rosiima He is bald.
roso (ngo) disease that makes hair fall off.
rotere (tide) backside; buttock,
rottande v. serve food for someone.
rottude v. serve food Rottu min keycfii
Serve the food, we are hungry,
roytude v. be burned out.
rubbere (tide) fruit,
rubde V. advance slowly.
rubundere [rubu"dere] (tide) animal waste.
dubuuje (de) pi.
rufde V. 1) spill 2) throw away; dump. ~
Tii Tam bleed; cause someone to bleed.
rufo (ngo) overflow,
ruggude v. grind,
rujjaade v. strike with the head.
86
rullinde
rullinde v. catch with a trap; entrap. O
rullinii sondu He caught a bird with a
trap.
rumtaade v. turn one’s back.
rul]aade v. leave a habit,
rungaade [ruI3"gaade] v. carry on the head
without a head pad.
rungere [rul3"gere] (nde) beehive,
ruttaade v. recede, retreat, return to a
place. Rutto toon Go back there.
ruttitaade v. go back again.
ruttude v. 1) vomit 2) reimburse; refund;
give change 3) repel. ~ kaalis give change
back.
ruyde
ruubde v. frighten,
ruucfaade v. parry; duck down,
ruudde v. lag behind; linger, waddle,
toddle; go slowly. 0 mo ruudi He is so
slow.
ruufde v. do final pounding of (millet).
ruukde v. be noisy.
ruulde (nde) cloud, duule (de) pi.
ruumde v. spend the rains; spend a long
time.
ruy (o) thin and light porridge,
ruyde v. start going; move off.
87
saakaade
saakaade v. be scattered, pervade; be
destroyed.
saakde v. spread.
saaktaade v. be revealed. Sirru o saaktiima sabburlere (nde) fruit,
The secret has been revealed.
saaktude v. reveal, - sirru reveal a secret, rokkude - give charity, sadakeeji (cfi) pi.
saakit (o) net.
saak (o) {fr.} bag; sack. ~ maaro a bag of
rice, saakuuji (cfi) pi.
saalde v. be unable to make a sound.
saalitde [saalidde] v. forget,
saamde v. fall, cfum saamii It fell off.
saan (o) taenia; worm,
saande [saanje] v. to be voracious, have a
huge appetite.
saanga [saa"ga] (o) period; moment, date,
advent, oon - at that particular moment. ~
e saangaaji the old good days, saangaaji
(cfi) pi.
saano (ko) husks; bran, husk; hull, pericarp,
saanoyde v. go to tether out.
saare (nde) town, village.
saasde v. have energy. O mo saasi no feeyvi
He is full of energy.
saawandere [saawa"dere] (nde) dew.
saawde v. tie in a bundle.
saawdu (ndii) bundle.
saayaande [saayaa"de] (nde) bundle of hair.
ustude — mun get a haircut.
saayde v. melt away; pass without breaking
(storm). Tihvoonde nde saayii The clouds
gathered but it did not rain.
saayngo [saay"go] (ngo). melting.
saaynude v. melt, dissolve.
saaynaade v. pick one's fiancee.
saaytinde v. make disappear.
saaysaaye (o) thug. Ko o saaysaaye He is a
thug.
sabaabii (o) {ar.} cause. ~ nde maa thanks
to you.
sahu (o) cause, sake.
sabba (o) about; skirt, -waktuuji didi
about two hours.
sabbiiide v. nestle.
sabhhitde [sabbidde] v. remove from a nest.
sahhundu [sabbu"du] (ndu) nest.
sake
s
sabbitaade v. make an unhappy sound with
the tongue; refuse.
sabbitde v. rinse; wash millet,
sadak (o) {ar.} alms, charity; sacrifice.
sacfde [sadde] v. be difficult, ina sadi it is
difficult.
sacfnude [saannude] v. complicate.
sadre (nde) difficulty; rarity.
sadiinde [sattinde] v. 1) rarify 2)
complicate.
sadiude [sattude] v. be difficult, be rare.
Ina sadii It is hard to find.
sacfiwere (nde) ringworm.
safaara (o) medicine; remedy; cure, duni
alaa safaara There is no cure for it.
safrorde (nde) hospital.
safrotoobe (be) patients, cafrotoodo (o)
sing.
safrude v. nurse; treat; cure. ~ nw sellaani
treat a patient. - kaadi treat mental illness,
safde V. be tasty. ~ lamdam have enough
salt. Ina safi It is tasty.
safnude v. make tasty, sweeten.
saftude v. be too spicy; be tasteless, dum
saftii It is too spicy,
saftaade v. fish, wandaade alt.
sagata (o) young man; adolescent.
sagataabe (be) pi.
sagginde v. start cooking. Saggin ko
mbaawdaa bendinde Start what you can
finish.
saggitde v. 1) unhook 2) remind.
saggitorde (nde) dictionary. ~ Pulaar a
Pulaar dictionary. Teetv dum e nder
saggitorde nde Look it up in the
dictionary.
saggude v. 1) be hanging 2) forget,
sago (o) desire, sinno ko wish I.
sahaa (o) period; moment; date; instant. ~
sahaa frequently; every now and then. ~
kala every time, oon - at that time.
sahaaji (di) pi.
sahde [saade] v. roast; fry. -liddi fry fish.
saka conj. so that.
sake (o) warehouse, sakeeji (di) pi.
88
sakkaade
sakkaade V. 1) give charity 2) be
underneath. Sakko jelotoocfo o Give
charity to the beggar.
sakkoyaade v. go and give charity.
sakke (oj leather worker; shoemaker. Ko o
sakke She belongs to the leather worker
caste, sakkeebe (be) pi.
sakkitaade v. be last.
sakkitoyaade v. go to meet someone again,
sakkude v. 1) place below 2) wear under,
sakkoos (o) {fr.} handbag, weelnaade ~
hold a bag.
sala (ka) bridge, salaaji (cfi) pi.
salaade v. object; refute; abstain. Salaade
ko waawaa jeyaaka e mbaacfdaagu
Limiting oneself to what one can do is not
a sign of weakness.
salaare (tide) refusal, objection.
saltintinaade v. pretend to refuse,
salaatu (o) prayer,
salbaade v. lap
salde (tide) junction,
sallifana (o) two o'clock prayer time.
salligaade v. do one's ablution. Salligo
hadee man juulde Do your ablution
before you say your prayers.
sallige (o) ablution.
salminaango [salminaa"go] (tigo) greeting.
salminde v. greet; salute. Necfcfo
salminirta ko jungo naamo You greet
with the right hand.
salmitaade v. return greetings Salmito mo
Return his greetings,
salnde [saPde] (tide) junction; confluent.
salndu [sal"du] (tidu) branch; fork, a pillar.
caldi (cfi) pi.
saltude v. branch off.
Samba [sam^’ba] male first name,
samba tali [sam"'batali] (o) caterpillar;
tractor
samme (o) millet, aawde ~ sow millet.
sammeere (tide) ear (of millet stalk). ~
jungo wrist
samminde v. drop, knock off.
sammitde v. remove poison
sammitoobe (be) people who remove
poison, cammitoowo (o) sing,
sammude v. knock fruit off trees. Sommu
ko njey (fna take what belongs to you.
sarwude
sammunde [sammun"de] (tide) hedgehog.
samorde v. feel better, be better. Mi
samorii I feel better.
sampaade v. thresh; separate,
samre (tide) chicken pox pimple,
sanajida (o) idolater.
sanam (o) idol, totem; fetish,
sandolicfde [san"d61idde] v. be stubborn; be
rude. A (fa sandolicfi You are impolite,
sangalde [sat]"galde] (tide) porcupine,
sangara [sat]"gara] (o) beer; liquor, wine.
Jaroowo ~ a drunkard,
sande [sanje] v. weave; knit.
santaade [sancaade] v. to undo one's hair.
santude [saficude] v. to undo someone's
hair.
sal3o (o) thorn fence,
sal]re (tide) hunchback,
sapato (ko) plant.
sappaade v. ready oneself for a battle,
sappaare (tide) brushwood,
sappobo (o) the tenth in rank.
sappo mini, ten ~ o joy fifteen. ~ e jeecficfi
seventeen. ~ e (ficfi dozen.
sappobinde v. multiply tenfold, be ten years
old.
sappinaade v. point
sappordii (tidu) forefinger,
sappitaade v. lay mud balls on a wall. 0
woni ko e sappitaade He is laying mud on
the wall.
saqqa (o) {ar.j problem, need. Holi saqqa
maa What do you need‘s.
Sara (o) side, near; brink; vicinity; aside;
nearby, edge. ~ makko next to him.
saraqji ((fi) pi.
saraade v. be dispersed, be scattered.
sarde v. scatter -yimbe create
confusion/animosity amongst individuals.
sarbet (o) [fr.} towel.
sardil]e (o) {fr.} garden roosde ~ water a
garden.
saret (o) {fr.} cart,
sarfaade v. have a splinter
sarfude v. cut a splinter,
sariya (o) islamic law
sarwiis (o) (ft'.} service,
sarwude v. {fr.} to serve.
89
sasa
sasa (o) leather bag. sasaaji (cfi) pi.
sataade v. set a child across legs to urinate
or defecate.
satalla (ka) kettle, satallaaji (cfi) pi.
satde V. court,
satigi (o) king’s title.
sawndaade [saw^daade] v. be adjacent to.
sawndo [sav/’do] (ngo) side; nearby.
sawndondirde [saw"d6"dirde] v. be next to
each other.
sawru (ndu) stick. ~ tuggorteendu cane.
cabbi (cfi) pi.
sayeede v. be rabid, rawaandu sayaandu a
rabid dog.
sayo (ngo) rabies,
saygalaare (nde) music,
sayyaade v. swing. O woni ko e sayyaade
He is swinging.
sebbe (de) warrior caste. Ko be sebbe
They belong to the warrior caste, cecfcfo
(o) sing.
sebde v. be slightly more than. Ko kanko
seb ntaa He is a little bit taller than you.
secfcfaade v. be strong,
secfde [sedde] v. separate (bran & flour);
sift.
seebde v. 1) be sharp 2) be intelligent, be
perceptive. Ndaw ko seebi He is very
perceptive.
seebnude v. sharpen.
seebre (nde) intelligence; sharpness,
seedaade v. witness; certify; attest; testify.
seede (o) witness. Ko kanko woni seede ant sellinde v. heal.
He is my witness,
seedere (nde) cowrie shell,
seecfa (o) few; scant; slight; bit; little, seecfa
seecfa little by little.
seecfde [seedde] v. spend the dry season.
seecfirde (nde) camp for dry season.
seekande v. buy new clothing for. Seekan
mo wutte Buy him a new gown.
seekande [seeka"de] (nde) tear.
seekde v. tear, mangle, rip.
seekoode (nde) notch.
seelde v. cut into strips.
seeltude v. Subdivide into smaller parts.
seeno (ngo) sandy area.
seerde v. separate, divorce; dissociate.
90
se^aade
seereede v. 1) be divorced 2) be
constipated.
seerndude [seer"dude] v. distinguish;
separate, discriminate; sort, -goonga e
fenaande tell right from wrong.
seertude v. be separated again; diverge;
differ; part.
seereer (o) individual from the Serer ethnic
group.
seernaade v. be religious.
seese ad\>. slowly; softly; carefully waarude.
~ do gently,
sefaade v. loose fiber,
sefde V. draw up, lift up.
seggude v. filter,
sehde [seede] v. carve,
sehil (o) friend; ally; pal.
sehilaabe (be) friends.
sekde v. be angry; be upset. Ko o cekcfo He
is angry.
seknoraade v. scoff, deride, make fun of
seknude v. upset; vex. Ko kanko sekni mi
He got me upset.
sekre (nde) anger,
sekkaade v. carry on the side; hide,
sekkere (nde) cheek.
sekko (ngo) fence of woven reed; woven
reed.
selbude v. be thin/light (liquid).
selde V. 1) branch 2) be abnormal; get out of
the way; go aside.
selnude v. divert,
sellitde [sellidde] v. be well again.
sellude v. be well; be healed, recover. O
sellii He has recovered from his illness.
sembaade [sem"'baade] v. wash one's feet.
sembaan [sem"'baan] (o) tall grass that
grows on lower grounds.
sembe [sem'^be] (o) force; vigor, strength.
jogaade ~ be strong.
sembinde [sem'^binde] v. fortify,
semteende (nde) lie.
semtinde v. shame someone.
semtude v. lie.
sende v. castrate,
sengo [sel3"go] (ngo) side; part,
sel^aade v. be hooked.
seclude
seljde V. 1) join 2) put bait on the hook;
affix.
seljdndirde [sel]6"dirde] v. adjoin; connect.
seljondireede [sel36"direede] v. be joined.
seljtude v. disjoin; disconnect.
sel]Iude v. ring; toll,
sengu [sel]"gu] (o) {fr.} zinc leaf,
serde v. join; nibble.
sereendu [seree"du] (ndu) sunbeam; gleam;
ray.
serkitde [serkidde] v. laugh loudly.
serndu [ser"du] (ndu) flute.
sertaade v. stretch
sete (o) caravan, seteeji (di) pi.
setewol (ngol) a long caravan.
setto (ngo) sharpening.
settude v. peel; pare.
sewde v. be thin. O mo seyvi He is thin.
sewnde [sew"de] (tide) spring of water;
water source,
seybude v. be pretty,
seytaane (o) {ar.} demon; devil,
si if
sibaade v. measure by spans.
sidatinde [sibatin"de] (tide) span.
sibatindu [sibatin"du] (tidu) pinky.
sibre (tide) span,
sibbere (tide) leftover.
sibbitde [sibbidde] v. pour.
sibbude V. pour,
siccere (tide) odd smell.
siccude v. smell odd. Ina sicci It smells
odd.
sidere (tide) carp.
sifaa (o) {ar.} description; type; kind; sort.
sifaaji (cfi) pi.
sifaade v. describe; depict. A (fa waawi
sifaade mo Can you describe him?.
siftinde v. remind. Siftin am Remind me.
siftorde v. remember; recollect; recall. A
siftorii Do you remember?
siftoreede v. be remembered,
sigaret (o) {fr.} cigarette,
sige (o) feather,
siibaade v. suck,
siidaade v. joke with.
siido (tigo) joke,
siifde V. ratify.
91
singondirde
siikaango [siikaa"go] (tigo) squeak.
siikde v. scream; squeak.
siiltude v. cease to rain. Tobo ngo siiltii
The rain has stopped.
siimtinde v. strain; drain away; drip.
siimtude v. drop; strain; trickle, drip.
siinde [siinje] v. bare teeth. ~ hiiTe mum
show one’s teeth,
siiral] (o) seat,
siirde v. {fr.} be sure; be true,
siirtaade v. flee; swim fast,
siirtude v. cut meat by strips,
siiwde v. strain; pour, pour out.
siiweede v. be strained; be poured; be
poured out.
siiwtude v. drain; decant; filter,
siiwre (tide) grass,
sikaade v. peck.
sikke (o) thought, opinion, alaa ~ no doubt.
sikkeede v. be a suspect.
sikkitaade v. suspect; doubt, have a hunch.
sikkude v. believe; think; presume; guess;
suppose,
siko cotij. but.
silaama (ka) sword,
silkitde [silkidde] v. cut into pieces,
simaa (o) {fr.} cement, simolj (o) alt.
simbude [sim'"bude] v. play the fiddle,
simis (o) {fr.} shirt, simisaaji (fi) pi.
simmaade v. smoke O mo simmoo He
smokes.
simme (o) tobacco, faccude ~ quit
smoking.
sinamaa (o) {fr.} movie, yahde ~ go to the
movies.
sintaan [sincaan] (o) newly built village.
siiitude [sincude] v. build a new
village/compound,
sinde v. fix
sindere [sin"dere] (tide) 1) tree fruit 2) extra
organ.
sindude [sin"dude] v. fix to; tie to; follow;
tow.
sinkaade [siqkaade] v. adorn oneself
sinkude [siqkude] v. decorate; embellish,
gild, adorn.
singondirde [siI3"g6"dirde] v. to place each
other's arms on shoulders.
sinno soodde

singoore [sil^T^oore] (tide) cluster of (e g. sogone (o) length of arm from the elbow to
fruit) the tip of the middle finger.
sinno if only, sohre [soore] (tide) viper,
sippirde v. wrestle sojjude V. be dry. Mi sojjii I am dry.
sippiro (ngo) wrestling. sokde V. lock; latch.
sippiroobe (be) wrestlers, sokeede v. be locked. Ko o cokaado He is
sippoobe (be) people who buy or sell milk. in prison.
sippoyde v. go and buy or sell milk. soktude V. unlock,
sippude V. buy or sell milk, sokkaade v. be crushed.
sinnere (tide) shaking. sokkude v. pound millet/corn stalks,
sinnude v. shake; tremble; quake; flicker, sokkola (o) {fr.} chocolate,
quiver; shiver; thrill, sokla (o) need, necessity Hoi ko woni
sinninde v. shake. sokla maa What do you need?
sippude V. buy milk. soklude V. need, necessitate Mbede soklu
maa I need you.
Sira (o) female first name,
sokna (o) address for a woman,
sirande [siran"de] (tide) bark removal.
sirde v. tear strips, soko cotij. if
solaade (tide) funnel,
sirme (o) oil.
sirqinaade v. be upset; be defiant, soldaat (o) {fr.} serviceman; soldier,
siro (ko) strip, solande v. remove a tooth for someone,
solde V. come out of; take out; remove. ~
siro (o) (fr.} syrup,
niire mum have one’s tooth out.
sirpaade v. jump down.
solima (o) uncircumcised person,
sirTude v. spit through the teeth,
sollaaru (tidu) dust.
siso (o) (fr.} scissors, ta Tirde ~ cut with
scissors. sollewol (tigol) rolled fabric, solleeji (di) pi.
sitde [sidde] v. protect, solom (o) pipe, hose, solomaaji (di) pi.
siwii (o) {fr.} civilian, sombe [som"’be] (o) tool for digging,
siwo (o) {fr.} bucket; pail, sompude v. establish
siwrude v. be drunk. somre (tide) roach,
siyde v. leak. Inan siya It is leaking, ciyam sonkiide [s6I]kude] v. quarrel,
( dam). sondaade [son"daade] v. choke.
so cotij. if. sondude [son"dude] v. choke someone,
sobbundii [s6bbu"du] (tidu) clitoris. sondeel [son"deel] (o) {fr.} candle.
sobde V. be a nuisance; be useless. Itubbude ~ light a candle,
sobe (a) soil. sondu [s6n"du] (tidu) bird.
soble (de) onions. songo [sot]"go] (ngo) hunting; seizing;
seizure.
sohlere (tide) onion.
songude [s6I]"gude] v. seize a prey.
soccaade v. brush clean.
sontaade v. talk back, respond with no
soccudde v. rub, scratch clean. ~ nii Te respect.
brush teeth.
sontit] (o) type of bird,
sodo (ko) plant,
sonde [sonje] to harvest; reap,
sofru (tidii) chick,
sone (tige) cow.
softikinaade v. exercise.
sofinude v. make a light noise,
softude V. be willing to exercise.
soodde V. purchase, buy.
sqftinde v. exercise,
soddnude v. make someone purchase
soggiide V. drive cattle. something.

92
soocfaade
soodtude [soottude] v. to redeem; buy back; sormitde [sormidde] v. dress a person up.
buy from.
soocfaade v. wash one's hands,
soofde V. be tasteless; urinate.
soofnude v. 1) moisten; soak; wet 2)
trivialize.
soolde (tide) penis,
soomaade v. wrap oneself up.
soomde v. wrap up, pack; envelop,
soonde [soonje] v. lack water.
soono (tigo) dearth; hardship, water
shortage; drought.
sooraade v. walk everywhere. ~ wuru walk sowti (o) insect, sdwtiiji (cfi) pi.
all around the town.
soorde v. pour in a cooking pot.
soortude v. take out.
sooro (o) minaret.
soos (o) {fr.} ragout; sauce.
sootaade v. weed.
sooye (o) silk.
sooycfude v. be fawn-colored,
sooyde v. be unwed for a long time,
sooynaade v. sight; catch sight of from far
away.
sooynde [sooy^de] (tide) open land,
sooyru (tidu) parrot,
soponduru [s6pp6"duru] (tidu) tree,
soppande [soppan"de] (tide) cut; slash.
soppude V. 1) hack; cut, chop 2) bite,
soppinaade v. squat.
soppunde [s6ppu"de] (tide) squat,
sorbo (tigo) courtship.
sorhude v. court.
sorbinaade v. put water in one’s nostrils,
sorbondirde [s6rb6"dirde] v. follow one
another.
sorbude v. smell bad.
sorde v. creep under.
sorkaade v. enter, be inserted.
sorkeede v. be inserted
sorkude v. make enter; insert.
sornude v. place under/in.
sorsortude v. go in and out repeatedly.
sortaade v. escape; slip away; withdraw;
sneak out.
sortude v. extract,
soriwal (tigal) fish spear,
sormitaade v. dress up, be elegant.
sumande
sosaade v. be agitated.
sosde V. agitate; innovate; found, originate;
begin.
sottinde v. complete the shelling of grains.
sottude V. pound grain (to remove the
cover); shell grains by pounding,
sowaade v. be folded.
soivande [sowan"de] (tide) fold, sowde v. 1)
fold, sag 2) multiply.
sowoore (tide) agnomen; euphemism;
nickname.
soTTaade v. be broken.
so TTude v. break.
subaka (o) (fr.) forenoon, morning. Itattde
~ this morning, subakaaji (di) pi
subiiXbt (be) fishermen cuhhallo (o) sing.
subaade v. choose, pick out; select; elect.
subde V. choose; pick up.
subngo (tigo) selection, choice.
suddaade v. cover oneself
suddaare (tide) cover.
sudditde [suddidde] v. Uncover; expose.
suddude v. marry; cover someone. 0 suddii
He has gotten married,
sucfaade v. wear jewelery; adorn oneself
sufde V. pick
suftude V. extract.
suka (o) 1) child, kid 2) lover; mistress. ~
debbo girl, -gorko boy. sukaabe (be) pi.
sukkitaade v. be open.
sukkitde [sukkidde] v. open, uncork; clean
holes out.
sukkoode (tide) cork.
sukkude v. 1) plug, cork, block up; cover 2)
be next 3) be thick,
suknaade v. have a mistress,
suknude V. be greedy
sukuiia (o) witch,
sukundu [suku"du] (tidu) hair,
sulle (o) loser, sulleebe (be) pi.
sulmaade v. wash one's face.
sulmude v. wash someone's face,
sumalle (o) gourd made of goat, sheep or
lamb skin, sunuilleeji (d) pi.
sumande [suman"de] (tide) burn.
sumde v. burn.
93
sumbaade
sumeede v. be burnt,
sumbaade [sum'^baade] v. take snuff,
sumbude [sum'^bude] v. dance,
suna (o) millet.
sunaade v. mourn; grieve; be sad.
sunaare v. chagrin; distress; mourning;
sorrow.
suntude [suncude] v. to stack,
sunka [su!]ka] (o) animal,
sunnaade v. spy.
sunnude v. taste good,
suntude v. slap.
suppitaade v. come up to surface; emerge;
resurface.
suppome (o) cabbage,
suraade v. be protected,
surde v. hedge; prevent; stop,
surbaade v. sip.
surga (o) young male; lad; chap, teenager.
suro (ngo) retaining of a person.
suruundu [suruu"du] (ndu) bag.
susde V. sniff.
susnaade v. sniff.
sutde [sudde] v. add.
sutu (o) group of shrubs, sutuuji (di) pi
suucfaade v. hide oneself
suucfde [suudde] v. hide; veil; conceal;
dissimulate.
suudeede v. be protected.
suucforde (nde) hideout; shelter; hiding
place; chache.
suudu cabin; bedroom.~ wife,
suufa (o) servant.
94
suyde
suukara (o) (fr.} sugar. ~ wonni vanilla
sugar.
suulde V. defecate,
suumde v. cover the mouth,
suumee (o) tattoo,
suumko (ngo) whiskers,
suumtaade v. suffer from overwork.
suumtude v. cause someone to suffer due to
overwork.
suunde [suun"de] (nde) secret,
suuraade v. be protected, be statisfied.
suuraare (nde) protection; satisfaction.
suurde v. protect.
suurndu [suur"du] (ndu) cloud.
suurondirdc [suur6"dirde] v. protect each
other.
suurtaade v. be uncovered; be unprotected.
suurtude v. 1) reveal 2) be steam cooked,
suurkude v. smoke; fume,
suurtinde v. steam.
suurtinirde (nde) utensil for steaming food.
suurtude v. be rightly cooked; be steamed,
suusde V. dare; be brave.
suutaade v. leave one's husband's
compound after a dispute.
suutde [suudde] v. raise; uplift; lift.
suuteede v. be lifted,
suuwde V. dip.
suwaa imperf. not yet; time is not up yet. ~
tawo not yet.
suwde V. dip
suyde v. vaporize; evaporate.
taabal taktakri

taabal (ngal) {fr.}. taaynude v. cause to melt. ~ ttebam melt

taabbaaje (ki) tree, butter.
taabaade v. step over something. taayre (tide) melting.
taabande [taabanMe] (tide) stride. ~ tabalde (tide) big bass <\rum.fiide ~ hit/play
mawnde a long stride. a big bass drum.
taadere (tide) grass used for animal tabitde v. happen; be true,
consumption, taade (cfe) pi. tabbere (tide) waterlily.
taakinaade v. pace slowly, tabbital (tigal) the third.
taalde v. put oil in a pan. tabbitde [tabbidde] v. triple.
taalnande [taalnan"de] (tide) wound. tabbitgal (tigal) the third.
taalnande v. inflict a wound on behalf of taccude v. cross a river. O taccii maayo
someone. tigo He crossed the river,
taalnude v. wound, tacfcfude v. jump over,
taalol (tigol) tale. tafde V. forge. ~jayvo make a bracelet.
taamaade v. [ar.} do ablutions with sand or tafngo [taf go] (tigo) manner of forging; the
a stone. making of metal products.
taamaamuya (o) {ar.} ablutions performed tafsiiru (o) commentary; translation.
with a stone or sand. tagaacfo (o) human being.
taamorde (tide) stone used for ablution. tagande [tagan"de] (tide) volume of a book.
taamotoocfo (o) person who performs tagde V. create. Ko Alla tag tnaa Allah
ablutions with a stone or sand. created you.
taaniraacTo (o) 1) grandchild 2) tagdeede v. be fully created.
grandparent. gorko grandfather. ~ debho tagdude v. create simultaneously.
female grandmother.
tagoodi (tidi) state; shape.
taara (o) concubine, taaraabe (be) pi.
tagoore (tide) creation.
taaraade v. 1) besiege; surround;
tagoowo (o) creator.
circumvent 2) urinate, dbo taaretaake It is
forbidden to urinate here. taggee (o) death message broadcast on
radio.
taarol (tigol) scenic route.
taggere (tide) something that is rolled.
taarorde (tide) restroom.
taggude V. 1) roll up 2) close up.
taareede v. be surrounded.
takkaade v. stick to, stick oneself to.
taarnude v. surround.
takkel (tigel) little paw
taartaarol (tigol) scenic route.
takkere (tide) claw, paw.
taartoyaade v. take a scenic route.
takkitde [takkidde] v. remove stick, unstick.
taartude v. remove a fence,
takko fringe; near; beside. ~ maayo near the
taasa (ka) bowl, taasaaji (<fi) pi. river.
taasande [taasan"de] (tide) lighter, takkondirde [takk6"dirde] v. agglutinate,
taaske (o) religious holiday, get close.
taasnude v. polish. takkordi (tidi) stick.
taastaade v. lay mud. takkude v. 1) stick 2) accuse. ~ fenaattde
taasto (tigo) laying of mud/cement on a make a false accusation.
wall/roof Takko (o) female first name,
taataade v. trip, slide, slip. 0 taati He taksi (o) {fr.} Xzod.jolde e ~ take a taxi,
slipped. taktako (o) person with leprosy,
taalde [taadde] v. be slippery. Ina taati It is taktakri (tidi) lion mbaroodi ~ a lion
slippery.

95
tal taylude

tal adv. very white, ranwude ~ be very tappirgal (ngal) instrument used for
white, ironing.
talaata (o) Tuesday Hande ko talaata tappude V. {fr.} 1) type, strike; beat 2)
Today is Tuesday, castrate.
taide V. cut a big piece of raw meat. tappisaade v. bother someone, joke around.
(aide (nde) big piece of raw meat, Ngonmi ko e tappisaade mo I am just
joking with her.
talkuru (tidu) charm,
taransu (ngu) shilling.
talla (o) pillow,
tarde v. graduate; complete one’s education
tallaade v. roll
or training.
tallande [tallan"de] (ude) roll.
taro (ngo) learning.
taUinde v. cause to roll.
tartude v. remove a person's sarong. ~
taUoowo (o) person who rolls something. wudere untie the sarong.
tallorde (nde) place for rolling. tasa (ka) brass.
tallude V. roll. tasde V. finish; be finished Batu ngu tasii
tamande [taman"de] (nde) handful; grip, the meeting is over, fusde alt.
tamaroore (nde) date. tasngo [tasngo] (ngo) end.
tamardowi (ki) date tree, tata (ka) wall; fort, tataaji (di) pi.
tamatere (nde) (fr.) tomato, tamate (de) tatabal ord. the third.
pi. tatabo ord. third in rank.
tambaade [tam"'baade] v. carry in one's tati num. three, trey.
palm.
tato num. three, yimbe ~ three people,
tambal] [tam"’bal3] fish.
tawaacfo adj. present; found.
tamde v. hold with closed fingers; have a
tawde V. find.
grip.
tawdeede v. be found with.
tamgol (ngol) grip,
taweede v. be found; be present. Mbede
tame (o) sieve, tameeji (di) pi
tawanoo I was present.
tampande v. work hard for. ~ hoore mum
tawngo [taw"go] (ngo) finding.
work for oneself.
tawtoraado (o) participant.
tampere (nde) fatigue; tiredness, wondude e
~ be tired. tawtude v. find again.
tampinde v. make someone tired; wear tawre (nde) block of butter; animal foot
someone out. A tampinii mo You got him track.
tired. tayde v. happen.
tampinoowo (o) a difficult individual. taTaade v. secede.
tampude v. be tired. Mi tampii I am tired.taTande [taTan"de] (nde) piece of
tampudo adj. weary; tired. Ko mi tampudo ta Tande v. allocate, cut for.
I am tired. ta Tatinel (ngel) bit; piece.
tamsindaade [tamsi"daade] v. squeeze, taTatinde [taYatin"de] (nde) scrap; sop;
tamulde (nde) chiefs drum, piece.
tan foe. only; alone, aan ~ you only, taTde [tajje] v. cut; amputate; dissect, clip;
tana (o) trouble, dum alaa tanaa It is no mutilate. ~ daande decapitate.
trouble, tanaaji (di) pi taTgol (ngol) cut.
tanka [tal]ka] (o) smallest money unit. taTkinaade v. pretend to cut.
tankaaji (di) pi. taTondiral [taT6"diral] (ngal) scission;
tankere [tat3kere] (nde) load, separation.
tangal [tal3"gal] (o) candy, taToowo (o) person who cut.
tappale (o) rogue, rowdy, ta Tre (nde) piece; share; cut.
tappi (o) Ifr.j rug; carpet. taylude v. pledge, pond.

96
tebbuuli
teppirgal

tebbuuli (cfi) meats. teeyteeyngal [teeyteey"gal] (tigal) lake.

teew (tigu) meat; flesh. ~ kolce beef. ~ teeyteeyle (de) pi.
mbabba tugal bacon; ham. tefde V. calm; pacify; pursue; beg.
tebbaade v. toss and catch with the hand. tefoowo (o) mediator.
tebbagol (ngol) tossing. teftaade v. revenge, hold a grudge.
tebbitaade v. be falling from a hook to fall teftagol (ngol) revenge, grudge.
from a hanging position, teddeendi teftondiral [teft6"diral] (ngal) bitterness.
[teddee"di] (ndi) weight.
teftondirde [teft6"dirde] v. bear a grudge for
tebbotoocfo (o) juggler. one another.
teddinde v. honor; treat with respect. ~ teheende [tehee"de] (tide) camp.
kodo treat a guest well.
tekkeendi [tekkee"di] (ndi) width; strength;
teddineede v. be treated with respect. thickness.
teddude v. 1) be heavy; be difficult 2) be tekkinde v. stress; strengthen ~ alkulal
pregnant. Ko o teddudb She is pregnant. stress a sound.
teddungal (ngal)[teddu"gal] respect, tekkude v. 1) be hard 2) roll up/use a head
teecfde [teedde] v. bleat. pad 3) be thick. Tekku dum Use it as a
teelde v. be odd, be uneven; be alone. head pad.
limoore teelnde an odd number. tekku do adj. vigorous; strong, neddo ~ a
teelnude v. make an odd number. strong person.
teelre (nde) solitude; oneness. tekkere (tide) pad, rag. tekke (de) pi.
teeleende [teelee"de] (tide) baldness. tektekol (tigdl) bowel; intestine, gut. tekteki
teeleede (de) pi. (di) pi.
teeltelal (ngal) file. teko (tigo) whooping cough.
teemedere (tide) one hundred. ~ neddo one tekum adj. tasteless; uninteresting; tedious.
hundred people. dum ko tekum It is tasteless.
teemodinde v. centuple. 0 teemodinii He is telefol] (o) (fr.) telephone,
one hundred years old. tellaade v. retrograde; to alight; dismount.
teemodindo adj. centennial, neddo ~ a tellagol (ngol) dismount.
hundred year old person. Ko o tellorde (tide) getting off place,
teemodindo He is one hundred years old. tern here [tem"'bere] (tide) (fr.) stamp,
teende v. collect fire wood. tembinde [tem"'binde] v. level; line up.
teenol (tigol) the collecting of firewood. tembude [tem"’bude] v. be leveled, be in
teenoyde v. go and collect firewood. O line.
teenoyii He went to collect firewood. tenkude [tel]kude] v. wait for food without
teel3de v. be tight. Ina teegi It is tight. being invited.
teeljtinde v. insist; affirm; confirm, tenkugol [tel]kug61] (ngol) the waiting for
teerde v. cast anchor; accost. Ka teeri The food without being invited,
boat just stopped. tengaade [tel]"gaade] (tide) large cone
fieri (o) 1) port of call; temporary stop; shaped hat.
friend 2) friend, teeriiji (di) pi. tennude v. remove lice
teere (tide) current, te^de V. give dowry. Mi teljii ma gay
teetateeri (tidi) booty; plunder. sappo I gave you ten oxen for your dowry.
teetde [teedde] v. take by force, usurp. tepe (de) dowry,
rokka teeta a person who gives and takes tegkere (tide) locust,
back what was given. teppaade v. be fixed
teetere (tide) looting; pillage. teppere (tide) foot, step, yabbude e ~
teetgol (ngol) taking by force, follow a person’s footstep, teppe (de) pi.
teeyde v. be calm. O mo teeyi He is calm. teppirgal (ngal) instrument for sowing.
teeydo adj. tactful; calm.

97
teppol timtimol

teppitde [teppidde] v. remove what was tiidnude [tiinnude] v. strengthen; assert; to

fixed. harden; toughen; increase the price.
teppude V. sow; fix. tiidiinde [tiittinde] v. 1) make difficult 2)
teppol (ngol) bridle. affirm; emphasize; reinforce.
teptere (nde) something that is picked. tiidtingol [tiittingol] (ngol) emphasis,
teptude V. pick. tiille (de) rights.
teptungo [teptu"go] (tigo) picking, tiindi [tiin"di] (ndi) right,
terde v. chase, be teri mo They chased him tiimde v. 1) predict 2) stand over; overlook.
away. tiimgal (ngal) prediction.
teret (o) trade season, tiimo (ngo) prediction; astrology.
tergal (ngal) limb, terde (de) pi tiimoowo (o) astrologer. Ko o tiimoowo He
termude v. use language skillfully. is an astrologer.
termoowo (o) person who uses language tiimorgal (ngal) mirror.
skillfully. tiimtaade v. look in the mirror O woni ko e
teskaade v. remember; recall. Mhede teeski tiimtaade He is looking at himself in the
maa I remember you. mirror.
teskuya (o) memory; remembrance; tiinde (nde) forehead.
souvenir, hee^vde ~ have a good memory. tiitoonde [tiitoo"de] (nde) address. Hoi ko
tetaanoos (o) {jr.} tetanus, woni tiitoonde maa What is your address?
tete (o) toddler. tiirde v. be swollen.
tewngo [tew"go] (ngo) ambush. tijjaade v. expect; hope. Mbede tijjii mo
hande I expect to see her today.
teyde v. do deliberately. Ko miin teyi I did
it on purpose. tijjinde v. inform/warn in advance,
tiba (o) 1) roof 2) one-room house, tibaaji tikka (ka) head tie.
(di) pi. tikkande v. be angry at someone. Ko o
ticfcfude V. save space while storing. tikkando ma He is angry at you.
tihde V. thatch, tikkere (nde) anger, tikke (de) pi.
tiggaade v. roll oneself up. tikkube (be) angry persons.
tiggere (tide) disorderly fold. tikkude v. withdraw because of anger; be
tiggitaade v. stretch. angry; sulk.
tiggude V. fold disorderly, tikkudo (o) an angry person. Ko o tikkudo
He is angry,
tiggal (ngal) park for animals,
tilfaade v. be lost.
tiggu (a) newborn; baby,
tilfere (nde) loss.
tigi foe. very; himself; herself (used for
tilfude V. waste,
emphasis). Ko aan tigi It is you.
tigirigi foe. very much, tigitigi alt. tilliisa (o) tent,
timde v. have nausea,
tiicfaacfo adj. proud, concerned. Mbede
tiidaa dum It is important for me. timmal (ngal) completeness.
tiidde V. 1) be hard; be strong 2) be timminde v. finish, complete; achieve.
expensive 3) be important. Ina tiidi It is timmingol (ngol) addendum.
expensive. timminoore (nde) adjective; adjunct;
tiiddo adj. 1) robust; hale; tough 2) dear. ~ adverb.
jungo miser; penurious. timmude v. 1) be finished; be complete 2)
tiidgdl (ngol) strength die. O timmii He is dead.
tiidnaade [tiinnaade] v. strive; persist; be timmudo adj. 1) complete 2) serious
serious minded. O mo tiidnii He is a very minded, trustworthy.
conscientious individual. timpaade v. urinate while standing.
tiidniido [tiinniicfo] adj. serious; valiant. timpude v. draw the bow.
timtimol (ngdl) rainbow, timtimi (di) pi.

98
til)
tooke

til] (o) pain. tocfcfaade v. 1) swallow 2) designate;

tinde v. be aware of, know; be informed. concern, dum toddaaki ma It is not your
Mi tinii cfum I am aware of it. concern.
tini (di) awareness. toggere (nde) tuft, togge (de) pi
tindinde [tin"dinde] v. explain; teach. tojjude V. be small.
Tindin mo Teach him. tokara (o) namesake. Tokara maa arii
tindingol [tin"ding61](^/7go/j teaching. Your namesake has arrived, tokaraabe
tinddi {\\ddi6\](ngdl) tale; riddle, adage, (be) pi.
proverb; yam. tindude ~ tell a tale. tokkande [tokkan"de] (nde) knot.
tindude [tin"dude] v. tell a story, narrate. tokkude v. tie a knot,
tindl (ngol) awareness. toknaade v. mb one's eyes,
tintinde v. advertise; inform; alert. Tintinee tokooso adj. small, scrimp.
mo Keep him informed. tokosel adj. small; tiny; wee.
tintine (de) warnings. tolde V, break.
tintingol (ngol) warning; advertisement. toUitaade v. complete.
tintinoowo (o) advertiser; announcer. tollitde [tollidde] v. complete.
tintude v. notice; be aware of Mi tintii tolluru (ndu) crest; hair left after shaving;
dum I am aware of it. tuft of hair.
tirde v. fasten; tie an animal load, tolnaade v. reach the same height or
tiro (ngo) animal disease. location; be located at. Hoi do tolni daa
At what stage are you?
tisubaar (o) second daily prayer; second
daily prayer time. Tisubaar yoni It is time tombaade [tom"‘baade] v. wait for. Ko
for the second daily prayer, kanko tombii mi I am waiting for him.
titi foe. again. tongaade [tol]"gaade] v. be hampered; be
busy.
to inter, to, there; away; where, hoi ~
where. Ho! to paadaa Where are you tongirde [t61]'’girde] (nde) place where
going? animals are tied up.
tobbude v. hobble, limp. O mo tobha He tongol [t61]"g61] (ngdi) rope for tying legs.
limps. tongude [t61]"gude] v. tie up legs. ~ neddo
tobbaade v. stain; dirty. tie a person’s legs.
tonkoQ (o) corner.
tobbere (nde) drop; speck, spot, dot; stain.
~ kosam a drop of milk. ~ ndiyam a droptondu [t6n"du] (ndu) lip. ~ dow the upper
of water. lip. ~ les the lower lip.
tobbnnde v. pour by drops. togde V. be short (clothing), shrink, wudere
tobbude V. 1) aim 2) add water 3) make a toljnde a short sarong,
dot with ink. togirde (nde) 1) slaughter house; butchery
tobde V. rain; sprinkle. Inan toba It is 2) rope 3) number.
raining. togo (ngo) sale by retail, retail.
tobeede v. be rained upon. togoowo (o) butcher.
tobndoogam [tob"doogam] (dam) togTaade v. hop.
rainwater. toobal (ngal) fish
to bo (ngo) rain, tobddji (di) pi toobde V. be unable to cross a river or a
toboyal (kal) drizzle, lake, be unable to make one’s way. Ko mi
toccinde v. hatch. toobdo I am stuck here.
tdccingdl (ngo!) hatch; hatching. toobre (nde) forced intermption of a
journey.
toccude V. be hatched.
tooke (de) venom, poison. Iteewde ~ be
toccungo [toccu"go] (ngo) emergence from poisonous
an egg, hatching,
tookaado adj. poisonous Ko ndi tookaandi
toccoonde (nde) little hill.
It is a poisonous snake.

99
toole turaade

tookeede v. rankle, be poisonous, tufande v. make a drink for someone which

toole (o) fool. consists of a mixture of water, milk and
sugar.
toon adv. there. Yah toon Go there,
tufde V. 1) pierce 2) mix water and milk. ~
toonaacfo (o) victim.
noppi pierce the ear.
toohange [toonal]"ge] (nge) affront; abuse;
tufirde (nde) tool for piercing,
aggression; foul; offense, toohangeeji (di)
pi. tufnde [tufde] (nde) wharf,
toohde V. [toonje] to offend, abuse; tuggaade v. lean against; rely on.
provoke; spite; violate. tuggorde (nde) support, beginning; origin.
toohcfo [toonTo] adj. culprit; felon, tuggude V. 1) start 2) pole. ~ laana push a
tooraade v. seek charity, boat by means of a pole,
toorde v. thicken sauce by adding flour. tugunde [tugun"de] (nde) place for
pounding.
Tooro (ngo) region in Futa.
tukkaade v. bend forward, kneel down.
toorodaagal (tigal) Tooroodo pride.
Iiollude ~ show the Tooroodo pride. tukkude v. aim.
Tooroodo (o) individual of the Toroodo tiilde (nde) hill, dow ~ uphill.
caste. Ko o Tooroodo He belongs to the tulde V. be steel or iron proof
Toorodbe caste. tuleg adv. completely.
toowde V. be high. Ina toowi It is high. tullinaade v. be inflated
tdoweendi [t66wee"di] (ndi) height,
tuma (o) time; period, oon ~ at that period.
altitude; elevation. Hoi no tooweendi tumarankaagal [tumarai]kaagal] (ngal)
hubeere nde foti How tall is the building. foreignness.
toownude v. make high; elevate. tumaranke [tumaral3ke] (o) foreigner. Ko
toppitaade v. attend to; care for; maintain. o tumaranke He is a foreigner.
Toppito jom suudu man Take care of tumbude [tu'"bude] (nde) calabash.
your wife.
tumbuQ [tum'^bul]] (o) deserted village,
toppitaagol (ngol) care; maintenance.
tumbere [tum"'bere] (nde) pregnancy.
toraade beg. cfaccu toraade Stop
tumbude [tum"'bude] v. be pregnant. Ko o
begging.
tumbudo She is pregnant.
torkude v. be dirty,
tumpilaade v. fold oneself while lying
toskude V. lose its value, down.
tottitde [tottidde] v. give or hand again; tundaram [tun"daram] (dam) steel or iron-
give back. proof charm.
tottude V. give; hand. Tottu mo kaake tundeede [tun"deede] v. be made of steel or
niakko Give him his belongings, iron-proof
towde V. carry on one's shoulders. tundude [tun"dude] v. be steel or iron
towdi (ndi) shoulder load. proof
toTTiide V. break tunde [tun"de] (nde) block of wood; log,
tiicfande [tucfan"de] v. pond. chump, stump,
tudde [tudde] v. be waterproof; collect tunwinde v. dirty.
water. tunwude v. be dirty. Ina tunwi It is dirty.
tiicfcfaade v. cover oneself tunwudo adj. messy; dirty; squalid.
tucfdaari (ndi) cover. tuundi [tuu"di] (ndi) dirt; filth,
tiicfcfude V. 1) cover 2) be waterproof tuppaade v. have one's lips tattooed.
tufam (dam) mixture of milk, sugar and tuppude V. tattoo someone's lips,
water. tuppere (nde) thorn plant,
tufande [tufan"de] (nde) hole. turaade v. bow; bend down. Turo Bend
down.
turngo [tur"go] (ngo) bending.

100
turki
turtaade v. 1) sit or stand erect again 2)
plant again.
turki (o) shirt with a V-shaped neck,
turulde (fide) pile of egg watermelon,
tuuba (ba) pants; trousers.
~ cakkiiba underpants, tuubaaji (di) pi.
tuubaako (o) white person.
tuubakiri (o) white peoples’ countries.
tuubankoore (nde) white people’s
language(s).
tuubande v. ask for forgiveness. Mi
tuubanii ma Please forgive me.
tuubde V. 1) repent 2) convert. () tuubii He
has converted.
tuubde V. dip one's lips into a liquid,
tuucfde [tuudde] throw off.
tuufaade v. trap; decoy,
tuufeere (nde) brick, fiide tuufeeje make
bricks, tuufeeje (de) pi.
tuugorde (nde) reference.
tuTTam
tuugorgal (ngal) reference.
tuumaacTo (o) suspect.
tuumal (ngal) allegation.
tuumde v. allege. Ko kanko tuumaa He is
the alleged killer.
tuumo (ngo) suspicion; doubt,
tuure (nde) vomit, tuute (de) pi.
tuutaade (de) spits.
tuutde [tuudde] v. throw up; vomit; spit.
tuutnude [tuunnude] v. make someone
vomit.
tuuya (o) strong.
tuuyeede v. desire, long for; have a craving
for Mhede tuuyaa maaro e liddi I have a
craving for the rice and fish dish.
tuwaabir (o) lamb.
tuTTam (dam) nose bleeding.
tuTTude V. bleeding from the nose. Ko o
tu TTudb His nose is bleeding.
101
ubbaabo uurde

u
ubbaacfo adj. buried, unirde v. pound with.
ubbirgal (ngal) burial instrument. unoowo (o) pounder.
ubbitaade v. be dug up. cfum ubbitiima It untaade v. pound again.
has come out. unu (ngu) pounding.
ubbitde [ubbidde] v. dig up. unugal (ngal) pestle; stamper,
ubbude v. bury. ~ ngaska fill a hole up. urba (o) lottery,
ubbugol (ngol) burial, urbitde [urbidde] v. annoy.
uccitaade v. flow heavily, urbude v. annoy.
uddaade v. be closed. Ko ko uddii It is urde V. spread perfume or incense.
closed. urkinaade v. smoke.
uddirgal (ngal) gate, door. uriude v. hem; dry. Urlu tuuba makko ba
uddital (ngal) the opening of a new Hem his pants.
mosque. urmbitaare [ur^bitaare](nde) reopening.
udditaare (nde) openess; fortune udditde urmbitaade [ur^bitaade] v. be reopened.
[uddidde] v. open. ~ hakkille mum open
urnaade v. force one's way through
one’s mind, be open-minded.
obstacles.
uddoode (nde) gate. ~ galle a gate.
urtulde (nde) piece of salt,
uddude v. shut; close. ~ galle close the
us rude V. keep a secret,
gate/entrance.
uddugol (ngol) closure. ustaade v. depreciate.
udumere (nde) door, gate, ustaare (nde) reduction; lowering of cfum
ko ustaare mawnde It is a major loss.
iifaade v. stay home a lot.
ustagol (ngol) reduction; depreciation;
ufde V. decompose; rot; taint, (fum ufii It is
devaluation.
rotten.
usteede v. be diminshed.
ufnaade v. disdain; be disgusted,
ustiicfo (o) crazy person.
ujunere (nde) one thousand, ujunnaaji
(de) pi. ustude V. reduce; abate, subtract; decrease;
discount.
ukkude v. be too much,
ustugol (ngol) reduction; rebate,
ullude V. cover with dust; throw sand to.
usuru (ndu) tithe,
ullundu [ullu"du] (ndu) cat.
uttaade v. thump.
ullungal [ullu"gal] (ngal) big cat.
uubre (nde) furuncle, swelling, uube (de)
ullungel [u\\d'%€[](ngel) kitten.
pi.
Umma (o) female first name, uulde V. sow before the rain.
iimmaade v. uprise; arise; depart. Ummo uumaango [uumaa'^go] (ngo) groan.
dow Stand up.
uumaali (cfi) pi.
umminde v. rouse.
uumde v. groan.
ummital (ngal) resurrection.
uurde v. smell good. Ina uuri It smells
ummoraade v. come by way of O ummorii good.
ko hirnaange He came from the West uurdi (ndi) perfume.
ummorde (nde) origin; base, uurnaade v. smell something.
iimsinaade v. clear one's throat,
unde V. pound, '-^gawri pound millet.

102
waabde
waabde v. carry on one's back,
waade v. be like, wayde alt.
waadere (tide) drop. ~ tobo raindrop,
waado (ngo) umbrella,
waafaade v. be pulled,
waafde v. pull,
waaftude v. cut open.
waajaade v. preach; advise. Acfa waawi
waajaade mo You can advise him.
waajoore (tide) advice.
waaju (o) advice,
waakde v. cut.
waaktaade v. laugh.
waaktaango [waaktaa"go] (ngo) laugh,
waalande [waalan"de] (tide) night spent.
waalde v. spend the night. ~ dlianaade wacfde [wadde] v. do; commit; indulge in;
sleep the night away.
waaldude v. spend the night with.
waalnde [waaPde] (tide) night spent
somewhere.
wallinde v. make spend the night; spend the redone.
night. Mhallinen cfoo Let us spend the
night here.
waalo (ngo) lower ground close to the
nvti.jolde ~ farm the lower grounds.
waamde v. flow; flood.
waame (o) deluge; flood; waterfall.
waamulde (tide) grave, haamuule (cfe) pi
waan (o) kitchen.
waande [waa"de] (tide) ant hill.
waande [waanje] v. hunt.
waaho (ngo) hunt.
waanditaade [waan'^jitaade] v. duplicate, wagginde v. recommend,
copy, dub.
waandude [waan"jude] v. to pour,
waandu [waa"du] (tidu) baboon,
monkey.
waaraade v. bring to oneself
waasde v. lack, be poor; lose. Mi waasii wajjicfde [wajjidde] v. be the only one.
gicfo I lost a friend,
waasooru (tidu) hyena,
waatde [waadde] v. swear; vow
waatoore (tide) oath.
waawande v. be able to. Mi ivaawanaa waklaade v. change oneself into, turn into.
cfum I cannot do it.
103
waklaade
w
waawde v. can; be able to. O mo ivaawi
windude He can write.
waawnude v. compel; force; oblige;
persuade; cajole.
waawtaade v. be stronger than a previously
stronger opponent.
waay foe. emphatic word.
waaTde [waajje] v. transpire, sweat.
waaTo (ngo) sweat,
wabbunde [wabbu"de] (tide) torrent,
waccere (tide) fish scale,
waccoore (tide) nickname,
wacude v. praise,
wadere (tide) small pox pimple,
waefande v. provide; perform for.
perpetrate; practise.
waddude [waddude] v. 1) put with 2)
quarrel with. Ko be wacfdube They
quarrelled.
wadiere [wattere] (tide) something that is
wadtude [wattude] v. redo; remake ~
hakkille concentrate.
wacfcfaade v. straddle; ride; mount. ~
mhabba ride a donkey.
waddinde v. help someone mount on
something.
waddorde (tide) saddle,
wafde V. cut with a sickle.
wafdu (tidu) scythe, sickle,
waggicfde [waggidde] v. be unripe. Tiye de
ko bagge His bones are young,
waho (ngo) slope.
wahre [waare] (tide) 1) beard 2) bundle of
wood. ~ ledde faggot; stack. ~ hudo
truss. ~ raneere a white beard, -juutnde
a long beard.
wakkaade v. place on one's shoulder.
wakkinde v. 1) place on someone’s
shoulder 2) sew.
wakkilaade v. decide,
waklude v. change.
waktu weemde

waktu (o) {ar.} hour, time. Waktu o yoniii wasorde (nde) gathering place for animals,
The time is up. wattindaade [watti"daade] v. be last, come
walabo (ago) shoulder, last.
vvalde v. spread. wattinde v. last, remain,
walcfude v. like meat and vegetables, wawlere (nde) blister,
walla couj. or. wayde v. resemble; seem,
wailere (nde) humid and fertile soil, waykala (o) small field, garden.
wallifaade v. compose, waylaade v. change; change oneself O
wallitde [wallidde] v. help; assist. wayliima He has changed.
wallondirde [wall6"dirde] v. help one waylinaade v. work as a blacksmith.
another. waylitde [waylidde] v. change back.
wallude v. aid; upbear; help; assist, wayliteede v. be changed back.
waltunde [waltu"de] (nde) water stream, waylude v. change; process; forge; modify;
wambude v. carry a child on one's back. Mi vary; transform; distort. ~ tagoodi deform,
tampii wambude mo I am tired of waynaade v. say goodbye. Waynaade ina
carrying him on my back, muusi It is sad to say goodbye.
wamde v. weave. wayrondirde v. remain a long period
wana (ka) holster; sheath wanaaji (cfi) pi. without seeing one another.
wandaade [wan"daade] v. fish. O woni ko e wayrude v. be a long time away. Mi wayrii
wandaade He is fishing. yiide mo I have not seen him for a long
time.
wande [wan"de] (nde) hook, seljde ~ bait.
waywayko (ko) eyelashes.
wangaade [wal3"gaade] v. turn around a
place; go around. waTTinde v. cook slightly.
wano (ngo) leave. wa TTude v. be cooked slightly,
wantirde v. undersell; sell at a giveaway weccande v. 1) give change 2) buy new
price. clothing for.
wantireede v. be sold a a giveaway price, weccit (o) change.
wanjalde [wan"jalde] (nde) pimple, weccude v. 1) change money 2) buy new
clothing.
wantinde [wancinaade] v. to tip out.
wecco (ngo) side; rib.
wappaade v. feint; shirk; parry; leave
unnoticed. weddaade v. throw away,
waraango [waraa"go] (t^go) torrent, weduru (ndu) stick.
current. wecfaade v. be carried away by wind.
warde v. eliminate; slay; execute, kill, cfere^vol ngol wecfiima The sheet was
decapitate. ~ hoore kill a human being. carried away by the wind.
wardude v. kill with. wedcfaade v. winnow,
warngo [war"go] (ngo) killing. wecfcfitde [wecfcfidde] v. Disclose; uncover,
wartaade v. commit suicide, weebde v. be easy. O mo weebi He is easy.
warneende (nde) sweat. weebnude v. facilitate, ease; simplify. Ko
warnude v. sweat. A warnii You are kanko weebni dum He made it easy for
sweating. me.
warsude v. remove fish scales. weejde v. [weejje] to be indiscrete.
weejnude [weennude] v. reveal in public.
wasaade v. brag; vaunt; boast, O mo waawi
wasaade He brags continuously. weejre (nde) indiscreteness,
wasaaiigo [wasaa"go] (ngo) small millet weelde v. dangle; be hanging.
stalk. weeltude v. hang down; hang around.
wasalde (nde) onion. weemde v. be stupid. A da weemi You are
wasiyaade v. {ar.j advise, recommend; give stupid.
one's last wish.

104
weende wirnaade

weemtude v. be sharp; be intelligent. O mo weytaade v. relax. O mo weytii He is

weemti She is sharp. relaxed.
weende v. open apart. weytaare (tide) fun; relaxation,
weendu [weeMu] (ndu) lake, pond. wibjo (ngo) wing.
weerde v. spread out. wiccude v. splash; sprinkle water. ~ ndiyam
weetde [weedde] v. be morning. Jamma o sprinkle.
weetii The night is over. wicfaade v. scratch the.
weetndoogo [ween"doogo] (tigo) twilight, ground.
dawn. wicfiude [wittude] v. analyze; research,
weetndorde [ween"dorde] v. oversleep, investigate, inquire.
wake up late, widio [witto] (ngo) analysis, research;
weeyde v. fly. investigation; inquisition.
weeyo (ngo) atmosphere, climate, space. wifaade v. fan oneself
weftilde v. frighten. Ko mi heftilaacfo I am wifde V. fan; blow; ventilate.
frightened. wifngo [wifgo] (ngo) fanning.
wekkude v. cover seeds with sand, wiide V. say; express; mention, tell. ~ eey
welamma (o) pleasure; happiness; delight. say yes. ~ alaa say no Hoi ko mbiicfaa
Mhecfe wondi e welamma I am having what did you say?,
fun. wiiduru (ndu) large excavation,
welde V. be sweet; be sharp, be tasty. ~ wiige (tige) heifer.
TiiTam be friendly; be easy going. ~ wiinde [wiin"de] (tide) abandoned
hakkille be intelligent. Ina well It is tasty. house/village.
welnude v. 1) sweeten; animate 2) sharpen. wiinnude v. abandon a house or a village.
weltaade v. be happy; rejoice. Mbede weltii wiir (o) sail.
no feewi I am very happy.
wiis (o) {fr.} screw.
weltaare (tide) enthusiasm; happiness;
wiide (tide) gin, trap, tuufaade ~ lay a trap.
gratification; mirth.
wiide V. 1) disorder 2) perform sorcery.
weltinde v. satisfy; gratify; please someone,
wiltude V. 1) arrange in the right order 2)
welo (o) {fr.} bicycle.
put forth leaves. Mi wiltii deftere nde The
welsindaade [welsi"daade] v. neglect; be pages of the book are in the right order.
careless. A (fa wehindii You are careless.
willere (tide) type of antelope,
welsindaare [welsi"daare] (tide)
willude V. set aside,
carelessness, negligence.
wilwiinde [wilwirde] (tide) bat.
wempeTere (tide) wave
winnaade v. manure fields; fertilize,
wenere (tide) fritter.
windande [win"dan"de] (tide) paragraph;
wenje [wenje] v. wear clothing improperly. lesson.
wentude [wencude] v. windande [win"dande] v. write for.
werde v. clear space. Windanam leeteer Write a letter for me.
wero (ngo) cavity; hollow. windere [win"dere] (tide) world; creation;
wergaade v. roll nature.
werlaade v. throw; cast; hurl; fling; to pitch; windondirde [win"don"dirde] v. write to
project. one another.
werlude v. spin round windude [win"dude] v. write, record;
wertude v. spread out. ~ leeso spread a transcribe, recruit. ~ bataake write a
mat. letter.
wesde v, winnow, wirdiide v. do beads 0 woni ko wirdude
He is doing the beads.
weycfude v. be beautiful,
wirnaade v. vanish, be out of vision; die. 0
weyginaade v. lay on one's back.
wirniima He died.

105
wiro wowru
A

wirnitaade v. come to vision. woofde V. 1) miss 2) sin. O woofii Alla He

mrtaade v. pass close to. O wirti maa sinned.
mami He passed by me. woofcfude V. be paralyzed, be paralytic,
wiro (ko) cotton; wool, woogde V. fill; sharpen.
wisde V. 1) water 2) cleanse. Wis cukalel wookoTere (nde) little child,
ngel Cleanse the child. woonde v. swear; make an oath.
wiTTere (nde) cotton seed, woondoore [woo"doore] (nde) oath,
woccaade v. eat grass, woondu [w66"du] (ndu) hip.
woccoonde [woccoo"de] (nde) egg. woorde v. 1) avoid 2) be abnormal, cfum
wocfa (o) taboo, cfum ko wocfa It is taboo. woorii mo He escaped it.
wocfaade v. taboo. Mhecfe wodii cfum It is woosde V. be crippled.
forbidden for me. wootande v. {fr.} elect. Ko aan ngootanmi
wocfcfaade v. go far; be far. I voted for you.
wocfcfinde v. move something away. wootde [woodde] v. vote.
wocfcfitaade v. move away; be away from. woote (o) {fr.} vote,
wdcfcfdndirde [w6cfcf6"dirde] v. be far away wootere adj. unique; sole,
from each other. A min ngocfcfondiri We woowde V. be accustomed to, be used to.
are far apart. Mbecfe woowi cfum I am used to it.
wdcfcfude V. be far. ina wocfcfi no feeyvi It woownude v. accustom; familiarize.
is far away.
woowtude V. adapt; acclimate; get used to.
wodttrt adj. red. Mi woowtii mo I am used to her.
wojjinde v. redden; blush. ~gite be mad. woppere (nde) animal waste.
wojjude V. be red; blush. woppude V. let go; leave alone. ~ simme
wofde V. bark. quit smoking, cfaccude alt.
wojere (nde) rabbit; hare. woptude V. make a mistake,
wokde V. spill over while boiling. woraade v. go around an obstacle,
wolde (nde) army; war. worbe (be) men. gorko (o) sing,
wolis (o) (fr.} valise. worde (nde) male, masculine.
wolsude V. vomit milk. worcfude v. 1) be infected 2) be selfish; be
wolweere (nde) {fr.} pistol. stingy. 0 mo worcfi He is stingy,
wombilaade [w6"'bilaade] v. rid of worganke [worgaI]ke] (o) Southerner.
unwanted grains. worgo (ngo) South.
wombude [w6m"'bude] v. buzz; supervise. wormbolde [wor^olde] (nde) couscous grain,
womnde [wom"de] (nde) grave, faade ~ go worocfde [worodde] (nde) misfortune,
to hell. woroore (nde) cola nut.
womre (nde) blow; fist, worsude v. make/tie a slipknot.
wonande v. favor; side with. worsundu [w6rsu"du] (ndu) slipknot;
wonde v. be; occur. Ina wona wonata noose.
There is a story that wosaade v. be thin. Ina wosii The sauce is thin,
wondude v. be with; associate; suffer from. wostaade v. exchange; swap.
~ e hoore muusoore have a headache.
wostondirde [w6st6"dirde] v. exchange,
wontude v. become; turn into. swap. ~ hakkillaaji discuss.
wonki [w6I]ki] (ki) heart, wdnkiiji (cfi) pi. wottaade v. eat lunch. O woni ko e
woobde V. take a draught. wottaade He is eating lunch.
woobre (nde) draught. wowlaango [wowlaa"go] (ngo) utterance.
woodde V. be; exist. Ina woodi It is true. yvowlude v. 1) be happy 2) pronounce;
woofaade v. sit on eggs. utter.
woofoonde [woofoo"de] (nde) egg. wowru (ndu) mortar.

106
woyde wuyde

woyde v. cry; weep; mourn. wulnde [wul"de] (nde) knot; node,

wdykinaade v. pretend to cry. wuluure (nde) thousand,
wdynude v. make someone cry, wumbilaade [wu"’bilaade] v. grope.
woytaade v. lament; prosecute, complain. wumde v. be blind. O wumii He has
woTde [wojje] v. be interested, be become blind.
concerned; be worried. O mo woTi mi I wumtude v. recover one's eyesight. So
am worried about her. gumcfo wumii wumtii andii ko gite
wo Teede v. be concerned, nafata One should learn from one’s
mistakes.
woyndu [w6y"du] (ndu) well, pit.
wumpude v. make butter,
wubbude v. 1) cut grass 2) fish
wumsundere [wumsu"dere] (nde) lung,
wuccundu [wuccu"du] (ndu) anus,
wiinay (nge) dirty cattle,
wuddere (nde) hole. ~ hinere nostril,
wune (o) consideration; gratefulness;
wuddinde v. make unclear.
gratitude. 0 aha wune He is ungrateful.
wuddude v. be unclear,
wuppude V. wash; launder.
wuddu (ndu) navel. wurbude v. scorch.
wudere (nde) sarong. ~ tofjnde a short sarong. wure (o) gamble; lottery.
wuduru (ndu) watermelon. wuro (ngo) town; village; city.
wucfaade v. have insect holes, be pierced. wurwude v. whisk; batter.
wucfde [wudde] v. make a hole; be rotten. wusug (o) basket used to catch fish,
wucfdinde v. make appear. wutaandu [wutaa"du] (ndu) millet or com ear.
wucfdiide V. come out; appear. wutte (o) gown.
wufnude v. bear a fruit. wuttude V. blow; puff.
wuftude V. come out of the stalk. wuttuidu (ndu) area below ribs.
wuffaade v. rinse/clean one's mouth. wuttulo (ngo) side.
wufTude V. rinse someone’s mouth. wuucfaango [wuucfaa'’go] (ngo) whistle.
wuga (o) male pigeon. wuucfde [wuudde] v. whistle,
wuggude V. repair; fix. wuuduru (ndu) pumpkin,
wujaade v. rub oil on oneself or on one’s hair. wuufde V. be pregnant; hold in the mouth,
wujde [wujje] v. oil. wuufdu (ndu) growing ear.
wujjude V. steal; abduct; cheat, embezzle, wuukeede v. have swollen genitals.
rob, defraud,
wuuko (ngo) disease which causes the
wujo (ngo) shell. swelling of the genitals,
wukkitde [wukkidde] v. spit. Wukkit cfum wuulaade v. swim
Spit it out.
wuundaade [wuu"daade] v. carry on one’s
wukkude v. come out; spit. shoulders,
wulaango [wulaa"go] (ngo) loud cry; howl. wuuraade v. bend.
wulde V. be hot. wuuranaade v. side with.
wulcede v. be hot. Mbecfe wuloa I am hot. wuurde v. 1) live, be alive, subsist; suiwive
wulnude v. heat. 2) bend.
wiillinde v. make someone scream. wuurnude v. sustain; activate, animate,
wuUitaade v. complain, prosecute. actuate.
wullude V. scream; shout, sound the horn. wuurtinde v. resurrect; resuscitate.
wulnude v. heat. wuurtude v. 1) revive, come to life again 2)
thread.
wultaade v. withdraw one's previous
statement. O wultiima He changed his wuiitiifere (nde) forest
mind. wuyde v. be hairy; grow hair.
wultinde v. 1) heat 2) confront. wuyeede v. be shaggy.

107
yaabre
yaabre (tide) jujube (fruit).
yaactaade [yaaccaade] v. speed up; hurry
up, accelerate. Yaacto Hurry up.
yaafaade v. spare; pardon; forgive; divorce.
Yaafaade wonaa waaweede Forgiveness
does not imply weakness.
yaafnaade v. to apologize.
yaafuya (o) amnesty; apology; mercy;
clemency; grace; pardon naagaade ~ ask
for forgiveness.
yaafde v. be soft. Inayaafi It is soft.
yaafngo [yaaf go] (ngo) softness,
yaajde [yaajje] v. 1) be wide 2) be patient.
Ndaw koyaaji He is so patient.
yaajnude [yaannude] v. widen; diffuse,
expand; propagate; proliferate.
yaakaare (tide) hope, fawde ~ e necfcfo
place one’s hopes on someone,
yaalaade v. yawn,
yaalde v. begin.
yaalnude v. set to work,
yaali (o) dish; porridge, gosi ~ porridge,
yaama adv. maybe,
yaas adv. outside.
yaawde v. be quick/fast. ~ jungo have the
propensity to hit. O moyaawi He is fast.
yaawnaade v to speed up, hurry up, hie;
accelerate. Yaawno Hurry up.
yaawnude v. hasten; quicken; precipitate;
hurry.
yaay (o) mother.
yabere (nde) bead, tellinde jabe do the
beads.
yabbande [yabban"de] (tide) footstep. ~
maa your footstep.
yabbirde (tide) foot, sole.
yabbitde [yabbidde] v. take ofiE'remove
one's foot.
yabbude v. tread; walk. ~ e
demngal take the words out of someone’s
mouth.
yahande v. go for. be njahanii mo They
went to get him.
yahde v. depart, proceed; go;
walk. 0 woni ko ekkaade yahde He is
making his first steps.
108
yardude
yahdu [yaadu] (tidu) walk, gait. ~ juutndu
a long journey.
yahdude [yaadude] v. go with; accompany.
~ ejamaanu go with the tide/flow.
yahnaade [yaanaade] v. stroll; ramble;
promenade. O woni ko yahnaade He is
strolling.
yahrude [yaarude] v. go with. ~ koycfe
tramp, walk, -yeeso proceed, go forward,
yahre [yaare] (tide) scorpion,
yakkude v. spoil,
yalmitde [yalmidde] v. light,
yaltinde v. exclude, bring out; dislocate;
preclude; eject. ~ leydi expel.
yaltirde (tide) outlet; exit, cfum wonaa
yaltirde It is not an exit.
yaltoyde v. go and relieve oneself
yaltude v. 1) go out 2) complete the
widowhood reclusion period. O yaltii He
went out.
yamcfinde v. be flexible.
yam dude v. be easy going; be flexible. O
mo yam di He is easy going.
yamirde K authorize; assent; order; ordain;
may; permit. Mi yamirii ma You have my
permission.
yamiroore (tide) permission; warrant; order.
Min padi ko yamiroore maa We are
waiting for your order,
yammere (tide) fruit.
yanaade v. joke with someone; joke about
someone.
yanondirde v. joke with one another.
yanaande [yanaa"de] (tide) tomb; grave.
genaale (de) pi.
yananeede v. ascertain; be certain. A da
yananaa Are you certain?
yande v. raid, tumble; fall. Ko o jando He
fell.
yandinde v. make fall, demolish; topple;
tackle; down. O yandinii lekki ki He
downed the tree.
yanirde v. fall on a particular side,
yardude v. drink with.
yantinde v. 1) include 2) calm. Mhar o
yantinii Has he calmed down?
yantondirde [yant6"dirde] v. join;
amalgamate; gather.
yarde
yicfde

yantude v. participate, mingle; relapse; yeeyveende [yeewee"de]f/7Jcj solitude;

coalesce, yanti keen in addition. Yantu e loneliness.
mabbe Go and join them. yee^mitde [yeewnidde] v. desire to see
yankinaare (nde) modesty, again.
yarde v. drink. yeewnude v. long, be nostalgic. Mi yeeyvnii
yardude v. drink with. ma I miss you.
yarnude v. give to drink; make a person or yeewtere (nde) interaction; chat,
an animal drink. Yarnu ha Give water to conversation.
the donkey. yeewtude v. commune; chat; converse;
yarlaade v. forgive. Yarlo mi Forgive me. argue; interact; be lively. Ina yeeyvti It is
yawaade v. resent; belittle, disdain. lively.
yawaare (nde) disdain; resentment. yeeTaade v. look back.
yawde v. disdain; be dissatisfied. Mhecfe yeeyde v. sell; commercialize, peddle.
yawi (fum I am dissatisfied with it. yeeytaade v. bargain; ask for the price of
yawtude v. go past; pass, goods.
yawuur (o) yogurt. yeeytondirde [yeeyt6"dirde] v. bargain;
negotiate; transact.
yaynaade v. light. ~ lampa switch the light
yeeytondireede v. bargain; transact.
on.
yeeytude v. resell.
yaynude v. light.
yeccitaade v, look back, dogde in yeccitoo yeeynude v. publicize. O woni ko e
yeeynude He is making an announcement,
look back while running.
yeddondirde v. disagree; contradict one yejjitde [yejjidde] v. forget; omit. Hoi to
yejjit Please do not forget,
another.
yeddude v. contradict; deny; disagree, yelaade v. beg, ask charity,
yelde (nde) space between teeth; cavity,
yecfde [yedde] v. give,
yelloore (nde) fruit,
yeebaade v. be careless. O mo yeehii He is
careless. yelooko (ko) plant,
yeehaare (nde) carelessness, yenge (nge) wedding celebration.
yeebde v. admire; contemplate. ~ sinamaa yennude v. decry; belittle; degrade;
watch a movie. disparage; minimize.
yeedde v. be calm. O yeedii He has calmed yenoore (nde) disparage; degrading remark.
down. njennoor alt.
yeednude [yeennude] v. calm; immobilize, yerbude v. shake; quake. Leydi ndi yerbii
An earthquake has occurred.
yeego (nge) young ox.
yeru (o) example; instance, hokkude ~ give
yeelaa (o) griot dance/song.
an example. Hokkant yeru Give me an
yeende v. 1) bribe, corrupt 2) reward. Mi example.
yeenii ma gay sappo I give you ten oxen
yerwaade v. make flour grains,
for a reward.
yettaade v. attain; arrive. ~ e jam arrive
yeendu [yee"du] (ndu) animal,
safely.
yeerde v. last.
yettinde v. forward. ~ nelal deliver a
yeesaade v. comb one's hair. O woni ko e message.
yeesaade He is combing his hair.
yettoode (nde) last name Hoi no njettete
yeesde v. comb hair. cfaa What is your last name?
yeesoode (nde) comb. yettude v. praise, thank. - Alla praise Allah.
yeeso (ngo) 1) beyond 2) front; face, wonde yeTde [yejje] v. shake, rock, lull,
~ be ahead, diim woni ko yeeso It is
yicfde [yidde] v. love, yearn; wish, desire;
ahead.
want. Yicfde hacfii yiide She is blinded by
yeeweede v. be lonely Mhecfe yeeyvaa I am love.
lonely.

109
yiggaade
yicfondirde [yicf6"dirde] v. love each other.
E be njicfondiri no feervi They love each
other very much.
yiggaade v. rub oneself.
yiggude v. rub. ~ e bandu rub on the body.
yiigde v. scratch.
yiigirde (tide) instrument for scratching.
yiilaade v. 1) seek; prospect 2) gyrate;
gravitate; rotate. Ngonmi ko yiilaade mo
I am looking for him.
yiilde v. twirl; wind; turn. ~ hoore shake the
head; say no.
yiilnude v. make turn.
yiiloraade v. search with; seek with. ~
juude grabble.
yiUtude v. change direction,
yiinde [yiinje] v. qualm,
yijilere (tide) fruit, gijile (de) pi.
yiilaade v. sojourn; visit,
yimbe (be) folk; people sing, necfcfo (o).
yimde v. sing. O woni ko e vimde He is
singing.
yimre (tide) song.
yinaade v. swim.
yiraade v. swim.
yirgude v. rub.
yiriiiide [yirii"de] (tide) swirl.
yisbude v. ponder; weigh.
yitere (tide) eye. gite (de) pi.
yiyde [yiide] v. see; sight.
yiydude v. see one another.
yiytondirde v. find each other.
yiytude v. 1) discover; locate 2) trace;
locate. Miyiytii dum I found it.
yiwande [yiwan"de] (tide) wound.
yiwde V. 1) capsize; shipwreck; wreck 2)
pierce, stab.
yiTTude v. be of the same age. Kant be
nji TTi They were born the same year.
yobde V. 1) pay 2) pay back, reimburse. ~
itamaande pay a debt.
yobeede v. be paid; earn.
yobnaade v. request payment,
yoftaade v. revenge, penalize; retaliate.
yoftanaade v. avenge,
yolbinde v. loosen.
yolhude w be loose E bayolhi It is loose,
yolbitaade v. slip into a hole.
no
yumma
yolnde [yolMe] (nde) space; interval;
distance.
yomde V. womanize.
yombinaade [yom"'binaade] v. wear a veil
during wedding days.
yonde v. be sufficient, dum yonii It is
sufficient.
yoneede v. be satisfied. Mi yonaama I am
satisfied.
yongaade [yol3"gaade] v. look over,
yonkude [y61]kude] v. shake milk.
yonta (o) nowadays; nowaday’s youth;
today’s youth.
yontere (tide) week. ~ bennunde nde last
week.
yontinde v. complete a week; be a week
old.
yontude v. 1) turn mature 2) be up. Waktu
oyontii It is time for the prayer.
yoobaade v. take food supplies for a
journey.
yoocfde [yoodde] v. be good-looking/pretty.
yoodnaade [yoonnaade] v’. tog, dress up.
yoodnude [yoonnude] v. embellish,
yookeede v. have goiter.
yookoode (nde) goiter,
yoolaade v. be drowned.
yoolde v. drown. ~ hulja mum lose one’s
rights.
yoomde v. be pale,
yoorde v. be dry.
yoornude v. dry.
yooro (tigo) drought.
yorde v. be loose. Tuuba maa yorii Your
pants are loose.
yornude v. loosen.
yortude v. go down the slope.
yortinde v. Insert; swallow.
yowde v. place in a higher position; shelve.
yoweede v. be shelved.
yowirde (tide) shelf
yowtude v. remove from a shelf
yubbinde v. adjust; accommodate; correct.
yubbude v. agree; be correct.
yulde V. pierce; perforate.
yulnde [yufde] v. strainer.
yumma (o) mother, yummen Hawaa Eve.
yummiraado (o) mother; mom.
yumtude
yumtude v. be successful.
yunginaade [yul]"ginaade] v. lower the
head because of sadness.
yuppude v. pour, transfer,
yurmaade v. have pity. Yurmo mo Have
pity on him.
yurmeende [yunTiee"de] (nde) mercy; pity.
-Alla Allah’s mercy.
yuurnaade
yurmikinaade v. show pity.
yurminaade v. be sad, look sad.
yuude v. cry.
yuumcfude v. be bright; be shiny,
yuurnaade v. peep; look into.
yuurnitaade v. look into.
Ill
Taagde ToTnude

T
Taagde v. stop by; transit. Mi Taaljii mo I Tellitaade v. prosper O mo Yellitii He is
stopped by his house. prosperous.
Taaraade v. winnow O woni ko e Yellitaagol (ngol) growth; prosperity.
Taaraade He is winnowing. Yellitaare (nde) growth; prosperity.
Taarngo [Taar"go] (ngo) winnow. Yellitde [Tellidde] v. promote; emancipate.
Taaragol (ngol) winnow. bamtude alt.
Taartaade v. winnow again. Yellitiicfo adj. prosperous.
Taggude v. be hard. Terde v. 1) lament; cry 2) be larger than; be
Yakkirde v. chew with. higher than, cfaccu ko Yerataa ko Stop
Takkude v. chew; masticate. Takku hadee crying.
maa mocfde Chew before you eat. Tettaade v. insult, curse; abuse. O Yettii
mo He cursed him out.
Takkuru (ndii) chew; chewing.
Yetteede v. 1) be lifted up; be recruited 2)
Tamaacfo (o) fiancee.
be insulted.
Yamal (rigal) the act of asking someone's
Yettoore (nde) insult, curse; abuse; affront;
hand for marriage.
slur, cfum ko Yettore It is an insult.
Tamde v. ask someone's hand for marriage.
Yettude v. pick up.
O Tamii He has tied the knot.
Tamcfo (o) fiancee. Yiinaade v. be powerful or influential.
Tamoowo (o) person asking someone's Yiinude v. be powerful or influential.
hand. Tiiwde V. be cloudy. Asamaan o ko
Tamrudi (ndi) gift to in-laws. Yiiwcfo It is cloudy.
TamTamo (o) fiance, fiancee. ~ gorko Yiiwoonde [Yiiwoo"de] (nde) clouds
forming prior to rain.
fiance. ~ dehho fiancee.
TiiTam (dam) blood.
Tagaade v. swim cross a river.
Teekiraacfo (o) one’s husband’s sister. Tiyal (ngal) bone. ~ koyngal tibia. ~
juljngo radius. Yiye (de) pi
Teegde v. 1) climb 2) get off 3) be
outdated. O Teeljii He got off work, dum Tobbude v. prod; tickle.
Teeljii It is out-of-date. Yobbugol (ngol) tickling.
Yeetjdiim adj. outdated; out-of-date. Tongo [Yol]"go] (ngo) ford.
Teeijirde v. climb with. Yoogande v. draw or fetch water for.
Yee^irde (nde) ladder; stairs. Yooganam mi yob maa Fetch water for
me and I will pay you.
Yeeijirgal (ngal) ladder; stairs.
Yoogde V. draw water.
Yeerjoyde v. go and climb.
Yoogirde v. draw water with.
Yeerjtude v. 1) be old-fashioned 2) climb
down 3) complete one’s turn. Yoogirgal (ngal) bucket for drawing water.
Teewde v. stare; look at. Hoi ko Yeewataa Yoogol (ngol) act of fetching water.
What are you looking at? Yodgoyde v. go and fetch water. O
Yeeyvki (ki) stare. Yoogoyii He went to fetch water.
Yeetvtaade v. watch over, check; review. O Toolde (nde) breast. Yoole (de) pi
woni ko e Yeewtaade diyii ko He is ToTde [Tojje] v. be clever. O mo YoYi
checking his baby. S/he is clever.
Yeewtagol (ngol) retrospect. YoYdb [ToTTo] adj. astute; clever, genius;
Yee^vtindaade [Teewti"daade] v. verify, shrewd; sly. necfdb ~ an intelligent person.
check Yeewtindo ko kaala taa ko Be Yo Yre (nde) intelligence.
careful about what you say. ToTnude [Tonnude] v. 1) make someone
Teftude v. pick up; lift. Yeftu ko njeycfaa intelligent 2) be feverish. Ko o YoYnudb
Take what belongs to you. He is feverish.

112
Tulmere Tuulde

Tulmere (nde) coal. ~ jayngol a burning Tuugeede v. be hunchbacked.

piece of coal. Tuugere (nde) hunchback.
Tusde V. sob. Tuulde (nde) hump.
Tuufde V. be swollen.
Tuufnude v. swell; cause to swell.

113
I
i
HIPPOCRENE STANDARD DICTIONARY

ENGLISH-PULAAR
1

i
a
A
a [a] det. gooto; petto ~ book deftere
wootere.
aback [8bak] adv. surprise, be taken ~
najde, najneede.
abandon [obandan] v. cfaccude, accitde. ~
a house/village wiinnude.
abandoned [abandand] adj. cfaccacfum. ~
house/village wiinde (nde)
abandonment [abandanmant] //. cfaccugol
(ngol).
abase [abeyz] v. nuskude, tellinde.
abate [abeyt] v. ustude.
abatement [abeytmant] n. ustugol (ngol).
abattage [abata3] n. kirsugol jawdi.
abattoir [abatwar] n. hirsirde (nde).
abbreviate [abriyviyeyt] v. rabbicfinde.
abbreviation [abriyviyeysan] n.
dabbicfingol (ngdl).
abdicate [abdakeyt] v. jebbilaade, cfaccude,
yaafaade. ~ the throne cfaccude laamu
mum/fiiltude laamu mum. He abdicated O
jebbiliima.
abdication [abdakeysan] n. jebbilaare
(nde). This is an abdication cfum ko
jebbilaare.
abdomen [abdamin] n. reedu (ndu).
abdominal [abdowminal] adj. ko faati e
reedu ~pain reedu muusooru.
abduct [abdAkt] v. wujjude; teetde. He was
abducted O wujja
abduction [abdAksan] n. nguyka (ka)\
teetere (nde).
abecedary [abesadari] adj. ko faati e limto.
abecederian [abesaderian] n. limtoowo (o)
. He is an
abecederian Ko o limtoowo.
aberrance [aberans] n. oonaare (nde).
aberrant [abarant] adj. oonicfum; ko oonii,
ko fooTtaaki
aberration [abareysan] n. oonaare (nde).
It is a major aberration cfum ko oonaare
mawnde.
abeyance [abeyans] n. leefgol (ngol).
abhor [abhor] v. ande.
abhorrence [abhorans] n. ngangu (ngii)\
elko (ko).
abidance [abaydans] n. cfowtaare (nde).
117
above
abide [abayd] v. cfowtaade, rewde. ~ by
heddade e; rewde e. You must abide by
the rules Acfa foti rewde sarcfiyeeji cfi.
ability [abilati] n. mbaawka (ka), gandal. to
the best of my ~ mbaawka am fof Show
your ability hollu mbaawka ma.
abject [aWekt] adj. ko yurminii,
kersiniicfum.
abjure [abjuwr] v. cfaccitde.
~ one^s religion yaltude e diine mum.
ablate [ableyt] v. taTde, ittude.
ablation [ableysan] n. ittugol (ngdl)-,
taTgol (ngdl).
ablaze [ableyz] v. hubbude; jawwude.
able [eybal] adj. baawcfo; kattancfo. He is
able to do it Omo waawi wacfde cfum.
ablution [abluwsan] n. sallige.
abnegate [abnegeyt] v. cfaccude, haaytude.
abnormal [abnormal] adj. ko woori;
celcfum, ko rewaani laawol. It is
abnormal cfum rewaani laawol.
abnormality [abnamalati] n. huunde
woornde.
aboard [abord] v. jolde to go -jolde e
laana.
abode [abowd] n. jippunde (nde), hocforde
(nde). place of ~ hocforde (nde)-, galle (o).
abolish [abolis] v. ittude; rimcfinde, abolish.
~ slavery tellinde kalifaandi; rimcfinde
jiyaabe.
abolition [abaliysan] n. ittugol (ngdl).
abomasum [abowmasum] n. flilkuru (ndu).
abominable [abomanabal] adj. boomojum,
boncfum.
abomination [abomaneysan] n. moobaare
(nde), bonande (nde). a major ~
moobaare mawnde.
abordage [aborda3] n. naatondiral laacfe.
abort [abort] v. rufde reedu, boosde. She
aborted O rufii reedu/0 boosii.
abortion [aborsan] n. boosgol (ngdlf,
dufgol reedu. have an ~ rufde reedu.
abound [abawnd] v. ittude, nammude,
cfuucfde.
about [abawt] prep, sabba. ~ three
kilograms sabba cilooji tati.
above [abowv] prep, dow -your head
dow hoore maa.
abrade
abrade [0breyd] v. heefde.
abrasion [0brey39n] n. gaanande (nde).
abreast [0brest] adv. sawndo (ngo), takko
(ngo). keep ~ of the times yahdude e
aduna.
abri [abri] n. cfuhorde (nde).
abridge [eybrij] v. rabbicfinde.
abridgement [eybrijm0nt] n. dabbicfingol
(ngol).
abroad [0brod] adj. caggal leydi. He is
abroad O woni ko caggal leydi.
abrogate [abrowgeyt] v. firtude.
abrupt [0brApt] adj. ko tijjaaka.
abscess [abses] n. nawande worcfinde.
abscind [absind] v. taTde.
abscond [abskond] v. dogde naawoore.
absence [abs0ns] ti. birnagol (ngdl). in the
~ of so cfum alaa. It happened during
your absence It happened during your
absence.
absent [abs0nt] adj. birnicfum; mo tawaaka
He was absent O tawanooka.
absentee [abs0ntiy] n. mo tawaaka; mo
tawtoraaka.
absolute [absoluwt] adj. timmucfum; ko
timmi.
absolve [absolv] v. yaafaade.
absorb [abzob] v. mocfde. The child
absorbed it Suka o mocfii cfum.
absorbent [abzob0nt] adj. ko mocfata.
absorber [abzob0] n. mocfoowo (o).
abstain [absteyn] v. hacfaade; salaade. You
should abstain Acfa foti salaade.
abstemious [abstemy0s] adj. naI]tiicfo,
caascfo.
absterge [abst0r3] v. fiifaade; nittaade;
momtude.
abstersion [abst0r30n] n. taamaamuya (o).
abstract [abstrakt] adj. nibbicfcfum.
abstruse [abstruwz] adj. nibbicfcfum.
absurd [abs0rd] adj. ko yubbaani; ko
nannaaki. It is absurd cfum nannaaki.
abundance [abAnd0ns] n. naamanduru
(ndu)\ cfuudal (ngal).
abundant [abAnd0nt] adj. keewcfum.
abundantly [abAnd0ntli] adv. ko heewi.
abuse [0byuwz] n. toonange (nge).
abuse [0byuwz] v. toonde, burtinde. He is
abusing his power Omon burtina.
118
accommodation
abusive [0byuwziv] adj. toonoowo.
acacia [0kasya] u. caski (ki), bulki (ki);
ciluki (ki).
academic [ak0demik] adj. ko faati e jal]de
~ work liggeey jal]de.
acatelectic [0kat0lektik] adj. ko timmi;
timmudum.
accede [aksiyd] v. laamaade; fiileede, jabde.
~ to the throne laamaade; fiileede. He
acceded to the throne O fiilaama.
accelerate [aks0l0reyt] v. yaawnaade;
yaactaade. You need to accelerate Acfa
foti yaawnaade.
acceleration [aks0l0reys0n] n. jaactagol
(ngdl).
accent [aks0nt] n. masgal (ngal)-, masgal
dow. place the accent on masde;
tekkinde.
accent [aks0nt] v. tekkinde, masde.
accentual [aks0ncuw0l] adj. ko faati e
masgal/mascfe.
accentuate [aks0ncuweyt] v. tekkinde,
teel]tinde.
accept [aksept] v. jebbilaade, jabde. I
accept your proposal Mi jabii miijo maa.
acceptable [aksept0b0l] adj. ko jabetee.
This behavior is not acceptable cfee golle
njamiraaka.
access [akses] n. naatirde (nde)', damal
(ngal). the ~ to the house natirde galle
accessible [aks0sib0l] adj. ko hebotoo,
kebotoocfum. It is not accessible cfum
hebotaako.
accident [aksid0nt] n. aksida (o). He was
involved in a car accident this morning
Ko o bacfcfo aksida subaka hande o.
accidental [aksident0l] adj. ko faati e
aksidaa.
acclaim [0kleym] v. fobbande; hellande.
They acclaimed the president be
pobbanii laamcfo (o).
acclamation [akl0meys0n] n. kelle.
acclimate [akl0meyt] v. woowtude nokku.
He has gotten acclimated O woowtii.
acclimatize [akl0m0tayz] v. woowtude.
become -zed woowtude.
accommodate [ak0m0deyt] v. yubbinde;
hocfnude. I accommodated him Mi
hocfniimo.
accommodation [ak0m0deys0n] //.
hocforde (nde).
accompaniment
accompaniment [0komp8nim0nt] n.
cfoftugol (ngol).
accompany [ak0mp0ni] v. yahdude,
cfoftude. You should accompany him
Acfa foti yahdude e makko.
accomplice [ak0mplis] n. denducfo
maakaa/feere. He is an accomplice
Kambe ndendi maakaa.
accomplish [ak0mplis] v. joofnude;
feewnude; wacfde.
accord [akod] n. nanondiral (ngal)\ kawral
(ngal). We have reached an accord Min
nanondirii.
accord [akod] v. nanondirde; aadondirde,
hawrude.
accordance [0kod0ns] n. jubbugol (ngol).
be in ~ yvith tuugnaade e.
according to [0kodipt0] e wiide. '-you e
wiide maa. act ~ to the law rewde laawol.
accost [akost] v. teerde; joofde.
account [0kawnt] n. mooftirde kaalis. I
have an account in your bank Mbecfe
jogii mooftirde kaalis e nder banke ma.
accountant [0kawnt0nt] n. joboowo (o);
Teewtotoocfo ko faati e kaalis. He is an
accountant Ko o joboowo.
accouterment [akuwterm0nt] n. comci
(cfi)\ comcol (ngol).
accrete [akriyt] v. mawninde.
accretion [akriys0n] n. mawnugol (ngol).
acculturate [akAlc0reyt] v. neesaade neesu acquisition [akwiziys0n] n. kebgol (ngdl)\
ngongu, naatnude e neesu mum.
accumulate [akyuwm0leyt] v. joowondirde, acquit [akwit] v. cfaccude jagganoocfo;
fawondirde.
accumulation [akyuwm0leys0n] n.
joowondiral (ngal).
accumulator [akyuwm0leyt0] n.
Joowondiroowo (o).
accuracy [akur0si] n. potal (ngal)\
jubbugol (ngol).
accurate [akur0t] adj. potcfum; jubbucfum, geewagol walla junnitbasel.
goodcfum. take ~ aim feewnude tobbugol acrobatics [akr0batiks] n. junnitbasel.
mum. It is accurate Ina woodi.
accusation [0kyuwzeys0n] n. tuumal
(ngal). a serious ~ tuumal tiicfngal.
accuse [0kyuwz] v. tuumde; jumde. He is
accused of robbery O tuumaama nguyka.
accustom [akAst0m] v. woownude. / am
accustomed to this heat Mi woowtii kii
nguleeki.
ace [eys] n. aas (o).
action
acerb [as0rb] adj. lammucfum.
ache [eyk] n. muusu (ngii)\ naw (ngu).
stomach ~ reedu muusooru. ~s and pains
muusu (ngu). I have a headache Hooram
ina muusa.
ache [eyk] v. muusde.
achieve [0ciyv] v. joofnude; timminde,
hebde. I achie\'ed what I wanted Mi hebii
ko njicfnoomi.
acid [asid] adj. lammuCfum; kaacfcfum.
acidify [as0d0fay] v. lamminde, hetde.
acidity [as0diti] n. lammugol (ngol).
acidulate [asidyuwleyt] v. lamminde; hetde.
acknowledge [akn0wlej] v. jabde.
acme [akme] n. cebtam (dam).
acne [akne] n. puTe (de).
acoustic [akustik] adj. maale nancfe; ko
faati e nancfe.
acquaint [akwent] v. hollondirde;
andondirde. be ~ed with andude.
acquaintance [akwent0ns] n. kollondiral
(ngal).
acquest [akwest] n. jawdi (ndi)\]Qy (o).
acquiesce [akyes] v. hebde; dande; jabde.
acquire [akway0] v. hebde; dande. /
acquired it yesterday Kebmi cfum ko
hanki.
acquirement [akway0m0nt] n. kebgol
(ngol).
danal (ngal).
cfaccitde. He was acquitted O cfaccitaama.
acquittal [akwital] n. cfaccitgol (ngol).
acre [eyk0] n. ngesa (ba).
acrimonious [akrimony0s] adj. nangucfum.
acrobat [akrobat] n. geewotoocfo. He is a
skilled acrobat Ko o baawcfo geewaade
acrobatic [akr0batik] adj. ko faati e
across [0krDs] taccugol (ngol). walk ~ the
road taccude kallu. get something ~
famminde.
act [akt] V. wacfde, amdaade; gollaade.
act [akt] n. gollal (ngal). be caught in the ~
of doing something jsLggeede jungo e
faandu. Get one's ~ together heytaade.
action [aks0n] n. gollal (ngal) take'-
gollaade.
119
activate
activate [akt0veyt] v. wuurnude.
active [aktiv] adj. coftucfo. She is very
active Omo sofli.
activity [aktiv0ti] n. gollal (ngal)\ liggeey;
gollal.
actor [akt0] //. pijoowo (o).
actual [akcw0l] adj. goodcfum; ko woodi.
actuality [0kcwal0ti] n. huunde woodnde.
actually [akcw0li] adv. woni goonga; e
goonga.
actuate [0kcweyt] v. wuurnude; welnude;
softinde.
acuity [akwiti] n. ceebdi (ndi).
acute [akyuwt] adj. ceebcfo; ko seebi. It is
acute Ina seebi.
ad [ad] u. jeeyngal (ugal).
adage [ada3] n. tindol (ngol).
Adam [ad0m] n. Aadama (o); baammen
Aadama.
adamant [ad0m0nt] adj. jattiniicfo.
adapt [0dapt] v. woowtude. I am adapting
to his wishes Mbecfen woowta yicfde
makko.
add [ad] v. beydude. ~ insult to injury
burtinde. Add water to the milk beydu
ndiyam e kosam cfam.
addendum [adend0m] n. timmingol (ngdl)\
timmitingol.
adder [ad0] n. beydoowo (o).
addict [adikt] n. duudeteecfo (o). He is an
addict Ko o duudeteecfo.
addiction [adiks0n] n. duudo (ngo).
addition [adiys0n] n. beydaari (ndi)\
beydugol (ngol). in ~ yanti been,
additional [adiys0n0l] adj. beydicfum.
addle [ad0l] v. jilbinde.
addle [ad0l] adj. nolcfum.
address [adres] n. tiitoonde (nde). What is
your address Hoi ko woni tiitoonde ma?
addressee [adresiy] n. bindaacfo; mo
bataake huccinaa e mum. He is the
addressee Ko kanko windaa.
adduce [adyus] n. addude; hollirde.
adept [adept] n. almuudo (o); dewcfo (o).
He is an adept of Ahmadu Bamha Ko o
almuudo Ahmadu Bamba.
adequacy [adekw0si] n. peewal (ngal),
timmal (ngal).
adequate [adekw0t] adj. peewcfum;
moTTucfum. It is adequate Ina feewi.
120
admission
adhere [adhiyr] v. jabde; naatde. I adhere
to that suggestion Mi jabii cfum.
adherence [adhiyr0ns] n. naatgol (ngol).
adherent [adhiyr0nt] adj. naatcfo e;
jeyaacfo e.
adhesion [adhiy30n] n. naatgol (ngdl)\
jabgol (ngol).
adiaphorous [adyaf0r0s] adj. hakkundeejo.
adieu [ady0] n. baynondiral (ngal).
adipose [adipowz] adj. paycfum;
butticfcfum.
adit [adit] n. naatirde (nde)-, laawol (ngol).
Here is the adit Ko cfoo woni naatirde nde.
adjacency [ajeys0nsi] n. badtondiral (ngal).
adjacent [ajeys0nt] adj. ko badtondiri;
badtondird^um; takkondircfum. They are
are adjacent Ecfi takkondiri.
adjectival [ajektayv0l] adj. ko faati e
timminoore; timminoojum.
adjective [ajektiv] n. timminoore (nde). It
is an adjective cfum ko timminoore.
adjoin [ajoyn] v. seI]ondirde.
adjourn [aj0m] v. fabbinde. The meeting
is adjourned Deental ngal fabbinaama.
adjournment [aj0rnm0nt] n. pabbingol
(ngol).
adjudge [ajAj] v. naawde; yamirde.
adjudicate [ajud0keyt] v. naawde; yamirde.
adjudication [ajud0keys0n] n. naawoore
(nde)-, yamiroore (nde).
adjunct [ajApkt] n. timminoore (nde).
adjust [ajAst] v. feewnitde; yubbinde.
adjustment [ajAstm0nt] n. peewnitgol
jubbingol (ngol).
adjuvant [ajuwv0nt] adj. balloowo; ko
wallata.
administer [administer] v. laamaade, jiimde,
ardaade. He is administering this locality
Ko kanko jiimi oo nokku.
administration [administreys0n] laamorde
nokku.
admirable [admayr0b0l] adj. jeebeteecfo;
jeebeteecfum.
admire [admay0] v. yeebde. I admire you
Mbecfe yeeb maa.
admissible [admis0b0l] adj. jabacfum;
jamiraacfum; naatnacfum.
admission [admiys0n] n. naatnugol (ngol)-,
naatgol (ngol)-, yamiroore (nde). Your
admit
admission was rejected Naatgol maa
yamiraa ka.
admit [admit] v. naatnude; jabde. He has
been admitted O naatii.
admix [admiks] v. rendinde.
admonish [admonis] v. waajaade,
reentinde.
admonition [admoniys0n] n. waajuya (o).
adolescence [adoles0ns] n. kellifliya (o);
kellifaagal (tigal)\ cagataagal (ngal).
adolescent [adoles0nt] n. kellifaacfo (o);
sagata (o);
adopt [adopt] v. jabde; nehde.
adoptive [ad0ptiv] adj. nehcfo; nehbe;
nehaacfo; nehaabe. He is my adoptive
parent Ko kanko nehi mi.
adoration [ad0reys0n] n. dewgol (ngol);
jeebgol (ngol).
adore [adowr] v. rewde; yeebde. / adore
you Mi rewii ma.
adorn [adon] v. sil]kude. - oneself
sucfaade; boornaade cucfaari.
adornment [adonm0nt] n. nel]kudi (ndi).
adroit [adroyt] adj. peewcfo; peewcfo
jungo.
adulate [adyuleyt] v. cfowtaade.
adult [adAlt] adj. mawcfo; mawnucfo,
kellifaacfo. He is an adult Ko o kellifaacfo.
adulterer [adAlt0r0] n. jinoowo (o). He is
an adulterer Ko o jinoowo.
adulteress [adAlt0r0s] n. debbo jinoowo;
debbo pijoowo; garbotoocfo (o).
adultery [adAltri] n. jinaa (o). Adultery is
forbidden Jinaa ina harmi.
advance [advons] v. yahrude yeeso;
Tellitaade. You need to advance Acfa foti affirm [af0rm] v. teel]tinde; tiicftinde.
yahrude yeeso.
advancement [advansm0nt] n. jahrugol
yeeso.
advancer [advans0] n. jahroowo yeeso.
advantage [advontij] n. bural (ngal). What affix [afiks] v. jokkude, sel]de.
is the advantage of this procedure Hoi ko affixation [afikseys0n] ti. jokkere (tide).
woni bural ndee feere?
advantageous [advanteyj0s] adj. burcfum.
advent [advent] n. saanga (o); wacfnde
(tide).
adventure [advenc0] n. jiilagol (ngdl)\
njiilaw (o).
adverb [adv0rb] n. timminoore (tide).
affluence
adversary [adv0rs0ri] adj. kabdiicfo (o).
He is my adversary Ko min habdiibe.
adverse [adv0rs] adj. luutndiicfo;
luutndidum.
adversity [adv0rsiti] n. kabdigal (ngal).
advertisement [adv0tayzm0nt] n. tintingol
(>7gd/j;jeeyngal (ngal). The ad\^ertisement
was I’eiy useful Jeeyngal ngal nafii no feewi.
advertiser [adv0tayz0] n. jeeynoowo (o);
tintinoowo (o). The advertiser has not
arrived yet Jeeynoowo o araani tawo.
advertise [adv0tayz0] v. tintinde; yeeynude.
It has been advertised cfum yeeynaama.
advice [advays] n. waajuya (o).
advise [advayz] v. waajaade. He is advising
you O woni ko e waajaade ma.
advisee [advayzi] n. bajeteecfo (o).
adviser [advayz0] n. baajotoocfo (o). He is
my adviser Ko kanko woni baajotoocfo mi.
advocate [adv0keyt] v. heedande.
aerate [ereyt] v. naatnude hendu.
aerial [eriy0l] adj. ko faati e weeyo.
aeroplane [eyrpleyn] n. abiyol].
aesthetic [es0etik] adj. joocfcfum.
aestival [estiv0l] adj. ko faati e ceecfu.
afar [afar] adv. gocfcfucfum.
affability [af0bil0ti] n. belgol TiiTam.
affable [afab0l] adj. belcfo TiiTam.
affair [afer] n. haaju (o); hafeere (tide).
affect [afekt] v. hebde.
affection [afeks0n] ti. jicfgol (ngol), gilli (di).
affiance [afiy0ns] //. fodande (tide)-,
hoolaare (tide).
affiliate [afilyet] v. jokkondirde.
affirmation [af0rmeys0n] ti. teet^tingol
(ngol).
affirmative [af0rmeys0n] adj. ko
teel3tinaa, teel3tinaacfum.
afflict [aflikt] v. sunnude. He is afflicted
Ko o cuniido.
affliction [afliks0n] ti. sunaare (tide)-,
metteende (tide).
affluence [afluw0ns] ti. garaangal e keewal,
cfuucfal. Their affluence was noted
Keewal mabbe tinaa ma.
121
afflulent
affluent [afluw0nt] adj. galo; alcfube. He is aggravation [0gr0veys0n] n. urbitgol
affluent Ko o galo.
afford [aford] v. jogaade; waawande. I
cannot afford it Mi ala naa cfum doole /
Mi jogaaki.
affranchize [0fr0ncayz] v. rimcfinde.
affray [0frey] n. hare (nde).
affrayer [0frey0] n. kabeteecfo (o).
affright [0frayt] v. hulbinde.
affront [afront] ti. toonange (nge);
Tettoore (nde). It is an affront cfum ko
Tettoore.
afloat [0flowt] adj. kayojum; kumbojum.
afoot [afiiwt] adj. jahroowo koyngal.
afore [afowr] adj. ko adii
afraid [0freyd] adj. kulcfo; kulbinaado. He
is afraid of him Ko o kulcfo mo.
Africa [afrik0] n. Afirik.
African [afrik0n] adj. afiriknaajo.
after [aft0] conj. baawo, caggal ~you
ardo. What are you after hoi ko coklucfaa
/ Hoi ko cfekkataa.
aftermath [aft0ma0] n. caggal.
afternoon [afl:0rnuwn] n. kikiicfe (o). I will
see you in the afternoon Ma mi yiye
hande kikiicfe.
afterthought [aft00ot] n. Teewtagol
(ngdl), miijtagol (ngdl).
afterward [aft0wod] caggal cfum.
again [0geyn] adv. titi; kadi ~ and ~ laabi
keewcfi.
against [0geynst] kontoor.
agape [8geyp] adj. Ijaabicfum (hunuko).
age [eyj] //. duubi. ~ set kafli. old ~
nayeewu (ngu), nayewaagu (ngu). How
old are you No duubi maa poti?
aged [eyjd] adj. nayeejo; naywucfo;
naywuOTum; nayeebe, naywube.
agent [eyj0nt] n. bacfoowo (o); liggotoocfo
(o):.
agential [eyj0ns0l] adj. ko faati e
liggotoocfo.
agglomerate [aglom0reyt] v. nukkondirde.
agglomeration [aglom0reys0n] n.
nukkondiral (ngal).
agglutinate [aglyuwtneyt] v. cfakkondirde;
takkondirde, jokkondirde.
aggrandize [0gr0ndayz] v. mawninde.
aggravate [0gr0veyt] v. urbitde.
122
aimless
(ngdl).
aggregate [agr0geyt] v. rendinde.
aggress [agres] v, toonde; yande e; hide,
aggression [agres0n] n. toonange (nge).
aggressor [agres0] n. toonoowo (o). He is
the aggressor Ko kanko tooni; ko kanko
yani e makko.
agile [0jayl] adj. koycfo; koycfo e leydi. He
is agile Omo hoyi e leydi.
agility [0jil0ti] n. koygol e leydi.
agitate [aj0teyt] v. sosde; awTitde; dillinde.
agitation [aj0teys0n] n. dillere (nde)',
dillingol (ngdl).
agitator [aj0teyt0] n. urboowo (o). He is
an agitator Ko o urboowo.
agnomen [agnowmen] n. sowoore (nde).
ago [0gow] adv. ko benni; bennucfum. tyvo
days ~ hecci hal]ki. three days ~
heccitaawel hecci hanki./owr days ~ wacfii
balcfe nay.
agonize [ag0nayz] v. fitaade. He is
agonizing Omon fitoo.
agrarian [agreriy0n] adj. ko faati e leydi
walla e ndema.
agree [agriy] v. hawrude; jabde;
aadondirde. I agree Mi jabii.
agreeable [agriy0b0l] adj. belcfum.
agreement [agriym0nt] n. ahdi (ndi). Our
agreement holds Ahdi men ina heddii.
agricultural [agrikAlc0r0l] adj. ko faati e
ndema e ngaynaaka.
agriculture [agrikAlc0] n. ndema e
ngaynaaka.
agronomy [agrown0mi] n. jangde leydi e
ndema He is studying agronomy O
jangata ko jangde leydi e ndema e
ngaynaaka.
ahead [0hed] adv. ko woni yeeso.
It is ahead of you cfum woni ko yeeso.
ahem [ahem] n. dirmaango (ngo); dirmaali (di).
aid [eyd] v. wallude.
aid [eyd] n. ballal (ngal). Your aid was
valuable to us Ballal maa nafii min.
ail [eyl] v. muuseede.
ailing [eylip] adj. muusaacfo.
ailment [eylm0nt] n. naw (ngu).
aim [eym] v. tobbude, tukkude. He is
aiming at the bird Omon tobba.
aimless [eymles] adj. mo alaa haaju.
air
air [eyr] n. kenal (kal)\ hendu (ndu).
airplane [eyrpleyn] n. ndiwoowa (ka).
airport [eyrpot] n. kandaa abiyol]. They
went to the airport be njahii kanda
abiyol].
ajar [ajaij adj. ko uddaaki; ko hibbaaki;
gudditiicfum.
akin [eykin] ko faati e. ~ to ko faati e.
alar [alar] adj. ko faati e wibjo/bibje.
alarm [alom] n. kulol (ngdl)\]QQno (ngo).
alarmed [alOm] adj. kulcfo; jeertiicfo. Tell
him not to he alarmed Hoi to soklu.
albino [albayno] n. fliunee (o).
albumen [albyuman] n. ndaneeri
boccoonde.
alcohol [alkohowl] n. alkol (o); konjam
(dam). He drinks alcohol Omo yara
konjam.
alcoholic [alkahowlik] adj. ko faati e
konjam.
aleph [alef] n. alkulal (rigal)\ alliif (o).
alert [alart] v. tintinde; reentinde The army
is under alert Soldateebe be ko
reentinaabe.
alexia [aleksya] n. naw ngaandi.
algebra [aljabra] n. kiisagol (ngol).
algebraic [aljabrayik] adj. ko faati e
kiisagol.
algorithm [algoridam] ti. feere (nde). What
is your algorithm Hoi ko woni feere maa?
alien [eyliyan] n. arani (o); tumaranke (o).
alienist [eyliyenist] n. cafroowo kaacfi.
alight [alayt] v. tellaade.
alight [alayt] adj. kubbacfum; kubbojum;
kubbaacfi.
align [alayn] v. reggondirde.
alignment [alaynmant] n. deggondiral
(figal).
alike [alayk] adj. nanducfi; nandube. They
are alike Kambe nandi.
aliment [alamant] n. namri (tidi).
alimentary [alamantari] adj. ko faati e
namri.
alimentation [alimanteysan] n. namri (ndi).
alimony [alamoni] n. nguura ceeraacfo.
alive [alayv] adj. guurcfo, wuurbe; ko
wuuri. They are alive Ebe nguuri.
all [ol] adv. dendaagal, fof you ~ onon
kala.
123
altitude
Allah [alah] n. Alla.
allay [aley] v. deeTnude, buubnude.
allegation [alageysan] n. tuumal (ngal).
This is a serious allegation Ngal tuumal
ko tiicfngal.
allege [alej] v. tuumde.
allegiance [aliyjans] ti. cfowtagol (ngdl)\
cfowtaare (nde).
allegiant [aliyjant] adj. cfowtiicfo.
alleviate [aliyvyeyt] v. hoybinde.
alleviation [aliyvyesan] n. koybingol.
alley [ally] n. laawol (ngol). Use this alley
Rew ngol laawol
alliance [alayans] n. jantondiral (ngal).
They formed an alliance be njantondirii.
alligator [aligeyta] n. nooroo (o).
allocate [alakeyt] v. taTande; reennude;
jonde.
allot [alot] V. taTande; reennude.
allow [alaw] v. yamirde; jabande. You are
allowed to come in a yamiraama yo a naat.
alloy [aloy] adj. jillucfum.
ally [alay] n. sehil, gonancfo.
almighty [almayti] adj. Allah,
almost [olmowst] v. cfesde.
alms [olmz] n. sadakeeji (di)\ sadak. He
gives alms every day Omon sakkoo.
alone [alown] adj. gooto; petto,
along [Q\oxj\prep. njuuteendi (ndi).
alongside [alogsayd] n. sara (o): takko (o).
aloof [aluwf] adj. gocfcfucfum.
aloud [alawd] adj. mawnucfum, mawnunde,
mawnde.
alpha [alfa] n. alkulal (ngal).
alphabet [alfabet] n. alkule, limto (ngo).
already [olredi] adj. ko benni; bennucfum.
also [also] kadi; yanti been,
alter [olta] v. waylude. The plan has been
altered Feere nde waylaama.
alteration [oltareysan] //. baylugol (ngol),
baylagol (ngol), noottagol (ngol).
altercate [oltarkeyt] v. dukde.
altercation [oltarkeysan] n. duko (ngo).
alternative [oltarnativ] n. feere wonde,
miijo wongo, cubagol (ngol). What
alternative solution are you suggesting
Hoi miijo wongo njogid’aa'^
although [Oldow] conj. hay so.
altitude [altOcuwd] n. tooweendi (ndi).
altitudinal
altitudinal [alt0cuwdin9l] adj. ko faati e
tooweendi.
altogether [olt0ge60] adv. fof; kanum fof.
always [olweyz] adv. nande kala. He is
always there Omo toon sahaa kala.
amalgamate [amalg0meyt] v. yantondirde;
rendinde.
amass [0mas] v. rendinde.
amateur [amat0r] n. jeeboowo; jicfcfo.
amaze [ameyz] v. haawnude It is amazing
Ina haawnii.
amazement [ameyzm0nt] n. haawniinde
(tide).
ambassador [ambasad0] /?. ambaasadeer
(o); gonancfo leydi mum caggal leydi.
amber [amb0] /?. lambureere (nde).
ambiguous [ambigyus] adj. ko yubbaani;
ko leeraani. This speech act is ambiguous amulet [amyuwlet] n. talkuru (ndu).
kongol ngol leeraani.
ambitious [ambis0s] adj. jicfcfo Tellitaade. amusing [amyuwzir)] adj. ko jalnii; jalniicfo;
amble [amb0l] v. yahnaade, daagaade.
ambulance [ambil0ns] n. ambilaas (o).
ambulate [ambyuleyt] v. yahde.
ambuscade [ambyuskeyd] v. paddagol
(ngol).
ambush [ambus] v. faddaade; taTde. He
was ambushed be paddi mo.
ameliorate [amelyoreyt] v. samorde;
feewnitde.
amen [amen] interj. aamiin.
amend [amend] v. feewnitde; waylude This analyze [an0layz] v. wicftude; seerndude.
decree needs to be amended Sarcfi o ina
foti feewniteede.
amendment [amendm0nt] n. baylugol
(ngdl)\ peewnitgol (ngol).
amends [amendz] n. njobdi (ndi).
American [0merik0n] adj. amerike;
ameriknaajo.
amiable [amy0b0l] adj. belcfo, necfcfo
belcfo TiiYam.
amicable [amik0b0l] adj. belcfo TiiTam.
amid [amid] prep, hakkunde, nder.
amigo [amiygo] n. sehil (o).
amity [amiti] n. cehilaagal (ngal).
ammunition [am0niys0n] n. kute (cfe) ;
condi kute.
amnesty [amnesti] n. yaafuya (o).
among [0moi3] prep, hakkunde; nder.
amongst [0moi3st] prep. nder.
anger
amorous [0mowr0s] adj. ko faati e gilli.
amorphous [0mowrf0s] adj. ko alaa
tagoodi.
amount [0mawnt] v. fotde; jarde.
amount [0mawnt] n. coggu (ngu)\ keewal
(ngal).
amphibious [amfiby0s] adj. ko wuurata e
leydi e ndiyam.
ample [amp0l] adj. jaajcfum; joncfum.
amplify [ampl0fay] v. yaajnude; mawninde.
It needs to be amplified Ina foti
mawnineede.
amputate [ampyuwteyt] v. taTde The
doctor amputated his leg Ko cafroowo o
taTi koyngal makko.
amputee [ampyuwti] n. necfcfo mo tergal
mum taXaa.
amuse [amyuwz] v. jalnude.
jalnicfum. Your grandfather is amusing
Taane ina jalnii.
anaconda [an0konda] n. ngaadaada.
analeptic [analeptik] n. ko sembinta.
analogous [anal0g0s] adj. nando, nanducfi; ko
nandl They are analogous Kanji nandi.
analphabet [analf0bet] n. humam binne.
analphabetic [analf0betik] adj. mo
jaQngaani taraani.
analysis [anal0sis] n. wicfto (ngo).
anatomical [an0tomik0l] adj. ko faati e
jal]de tercfe.
anatomy [0nat0mi] n. jal]de tercfe the ~
of the human body jal3de tercfe balli.
ancestor [ansest0] n. mawcfo gadiicfo;
maamaare (nde).
ancestral [ancestr0l] adj. ko faati e mawcfo
gadiicfo.
anchor [apk0] v. joofde; teerde.
ancient [ans0nt] adj. booycfo, booTcfum;
booynde; booYbe; ko booyi. an ~ custom
aada booycfo and [and] conj. e. you ~
him aan e makko.
anemia [0niymiya] n. naw (o).
anew [anyew] adv. ko hescfi.
angel [anj0l] n. malayka (o).
angelic [anjelik] adj. ko nandi e malayka.
anger [a5g0] n. loobre (nde)-, tikkere (nde)-,
sekre (nde).
124
angina
ai^ina [anjiyna] n. muusu goddol, naw
dakane.
angle [Qijgal] n. lobbudu (ndu).
angry [Qrjgri] adj. cekcfo; pilnitiicfo;
bemucfo; mettincfo. He is angry ko o
cekdfo.
anguish [a^gwis] n. sunaare (nde).
anima [anima] n. fittaandu (ndu).
animal [animal] n. jawdi (ndi)-, mbaroodi
(ndi).
animate [anameyt] v. wuurnude, welnude.
animator [an0meyt0] n. belnoowo (o).
animosity [an0mowz0ti] n. ngangu (ngu).
ankle [Ogkal] n. holbundu (ndu). sprain
one’s ~ fornude. He sprained his ankle
Ko o pornucfo.
annex [aneks] v. jokkude; beydude.
annihilate [aniyhaleyt] v. boomde.
announce [0nawns] v. jaaynude.
announcement [0nawnsm0nt] n. jaaynde
(nde). He is making an announcement
O woni ko e jaaynude.
annoy [0noy] v. urbude; urbitde; haabnude,
seknude. She annoyed him O sekni mo.
annoyance [0noy0ns] n. mettere (nde)',
mettingol (ngol).
annual [any0w0l] adj. hitaande kala.
annulation [any0leys0n] n. pirtugol (ngol). any [eni] adj. kala.
annunciate [anAnsyeyt] v. habnide.
annunciation [anAnsyeys0n] n. kabaaru (o).
anonymous [an0nim0s] adj. mo innde mum
andaaka. an ~ person necfcfo mo inde
mum andaaka.
anopheles [0nof0liyz] n. bowngu (ngu).
another [0nowd0] adj. gocfcfo; gocfcfum.
help one ~ wallondirde.
answer [ans0] v. jaabaade; nootaade. ~
hack sontaade. He is ansyvering your
question Omon jaaboo lamndal maa.
answer [ans0] n. nootaango (ngo)',
jaabawol (ngol).
ant [Ont] n. nuufiu (ngu)', goololo (ngol).
antagonism [antag0nizm] n. luural (ngal)',
luutndagol (ngol).
antagonize [antag0nayz] v. luutndaade,
ande.
antecede [ant0siyd] v. adaade.
antecedent [ant0siyd0nt] adj. gadiicfo;
adiibe.
antedate [ant0deyt] v. heccude.
aplenty
antelope [ant0lopi] n. lella (ba)', willere
(nde),]did.v^TQ (nde).
antenna [antena] n. anteen.
anterior [antiyry0] adj. gadiicfo; gadicfum;
ko adii. His request was anterior to yours
lamndal makko adii lamndal maa.
anthropophagy [an0r0powf0ji] n.
cuknaagu (ngu).
anti [anti] luutndiicfo.
anticarious [antikeyr0s] //. ko hacfata nihre
yulde.
anticipant [antis0p0nt] adj. joortiicfo.
anticipate [antis0peyt] v. joortaade,
cfaminaade. I anticipate that things will
work out Mbecfe joortii moTTere.
anticipation [antis0peys0n] n. njoorta (o).
anticipatory [ant0sip0t0ri] adj. ko faati e
njoorta.
antidote [antidowt] n. lekki posone.
antipathy [antip00i] n. ngangu (ngu).
antique [antiyk] adj. booycfum; booycfi.
antiquity [antikwiti] n. jamaanu booycfo
bennudo.
anurous [anyuwr0s] adj. ko alaa laaci.
anus [eyn0s] n. nasol (ngol), bunna (o);
gacfa (o).
anxiety [agzayti] n. sokla (o).
anybody [enibodi] pron. necfcfo kala.
Anybody can do it Necfcfo kala ina waawi
wacfde cfum.
anyone [eniwan] pron. necfcfo kala.
anyplace [enipleys] adv. nokku kala.
anything [eni0io]/;ro/7. huunde kala.
anytime [enitaym] adv. sahaa kala.
anywhere [eniwer] adv. nokku kala.
apart [0part] adj. ceercfi, ceertucfi; ko
seerti; ko jonaa.
apartment [0partm0nt] n. hocforde (nde).
ape [eyp] n. deemooru (ndu).
apex [eypeks] n. cebtam (dam),
aphrodisiac [afrowdiyziyak] adj. ko
finninta.
apiece [apiys] adv. hoore kala; gecfal kala.
apish [eypis] n. ko nandi walla ko faati e
deemooru.
aplenty [aplenti] adj. keewcfum, ko heewi.
125
apologize
apologize [apowlajayz] v. yaafnaade. I
apologize for the mistake Tiinno yaafo
juumre nde.
apology [apowlaji] ti. yaafliya (o). Please
accept my apology Tiinno yaafo mi.
apostasy [apostazi] n. cfaccugol diine.
apostle [aposal] u. nelaacfo (o): nulaacfo
(o).
appall [apol] v. hulbinde.
apparent [apiyrant] adj. ko yiyotoo.
apparition [apariysan] n. peenal (ngal).
appeal [apiyl] n. naagunde (nde).
appeal [apiyl] v. naagaade. I appeal to you
Mbecfe naago maa.
appear [apiyr] v. feende; feerde. He
appeared yesterday Ko hanki o feeni.
appearance [apiyrans] n. 1) I]ari (o) 2)
peenal (ngal).
appease [apiyz] v. deeTnude.
appelation [apaleysan] n. inde (nde)\
noddaango (ngo).
append [apend] v. jokkude; beydude.
applaud [aplod] v. hellude; fobbude. They
applauded the chief bt pobbanii laamcfo.
applause [aploz] n. kelle (de).
apple [opal] n. pom (o). He ate an apple O
naamii pom o.
applicant n. [aplikant] ndaaroowo (liggeey)
The applicant is here Ndaaroowo liggeey
o arii.
apply [aplay] v. moomde,.
noTTude.
appoint [apwent] v. fiilde; lamminde. They
appointed the chief bt piilii laamcfo o.
apportion [aporsan] v. feccude.
appose [apOz] v. sawndondirde.
appraise [apreyz] v. yisbude.
appreciate [apriyseyt] v. usde.
apprehend [aprehand] v. 1) nal3ngude,
jaggude 2) faamde.
apprehension [aprahensan] n. kulol (ngdl).
apprehensive [aprehensiv] adj. kulcfo.
apprentice [aprentas] n. ekkotoocfo.
apprenticeship [aprentasip] n. ekko (ngo).
approach [aproc] v. battaade. He is
approaching the building Omon battoo
hubeere nde.
appropriate [apropret] v. hebtude.
126
armpit
appropriate [apropret] adj. peewcfo, ko
feewi.
approve [apruwv] v. jabde The decree has
been approved Sarcfi o jabaama.
apron [eypran] n. haddaare (nde).
apt [apt] adj. baawcfo.
aptitude [aptatyuwd] n. mbaawka (ka).
aquatic [akwatik] adj. ko faati e ndiyam.
Arab [eyrab] n. aarabe (o).
Arabic [arabik] n. aarabeere (nde).
arable [arabal] adj. leydi ndemeteendi.
arbitrate [Orbatreyt] v. naawde.
arbitration [orbiteysan] n. naawoore (nde).
arc [ark] n. laanal (ngal).
arcade [arkeyd] n. laawol (ngdl).
arcane [arkeyn] adj. ko nibbicfi; sirru.
archaic [arkayik] adj. ko booyi; ko benni It
is archaic cfum booyii.
archer [area] n. laahoowo (o).
archery [arcari] n. laangol (ngdl).
arduous [arjewas] adj. ko tiicfi; tiicfcfum.
area [erya] n. nokku (o).
arena [ariyna] n. dingiral (ngal). They
entered the arena be naati e dingiral ngal.
argent [arjant] n. kaalis.
argental [arjantal] adj. ko faati walla ko
nandi e kaalis.
argue [argyuw] v. yeddondirde;
foocfondirde. / do not want to argue Mi
yiefaa foocfondireede.
argument [argyamant] n. poocfondiral
(ngal).
argumentation n. poocfondiral (ngal).
arid [arid] adj. ko yoori.
arise [arayz] v. fucfde; ummaade.
arithmetics [ariGmetiks] n. kiisagol (ngdl)\
hiisa (o).
arm [am] n. jungo (ngo). jungo maa.
armament [amament] n. kabircfe (cfe) ;
kabirgal (ngal)', njogitaari (ndi).
armed [amd] adj. jogitiiefo. He is armed
Omo jogitii.
armistice [amistis] n. dartingol hare,
armless [amless] adj. guddo.
armlet [amlet] n. ceeltol (ngdl).
armoire [armwar] n. armoor (o).
armory [amori] n. mooftirde kabirde.
armpit [ampit] n. naafki (ki).
army
army [ami] n. wolde (tide)., soldateebe (be).
around [arawnd] prep, hedde
arouse [9rawz] v. findinde.
arrange [areynj] v. feewnude.
arrest [arest] v. jaggude; nangude.
arrival [9rayv0l] n. jettagol (ngol).
arrive [9rayv] v. yettaade. He arrived
yesterday O yettii ko hanki.
arrogance [arog9ns] n. neetaraagal (ngal)\
bon nehdaagal.
arrogant [arogant] adj. naacfcfo, neetaro.
arrow [arow] n. bamforo
arrowhead [arowhed] n. ceebeendi
bamfaro.
arsenal [asanal] n. mooftirde kabircfe.
art [at] n. fannu (o).
artery [atari] n. cfacfol (ngol).
article [atikal] n. windande (nde).
artisan [atizan] n. neeno (o).
artistic [atistik] adj. ko faati e fannu.
as if [asif] adv. elleey; bayri.
ascend [asend] v. I3abbude; l^aylude.
ascension [asensan] n. I3abbug61 (ng6l)\
13aylug61 (ngol).
ascertain [asartan] v. yananeede.
ascribe [askrayb] v. takkude.
ascription [askripsan] n. iwdi (ndi).
ashamed [aseymd] adj. kersucfo.
ash [as] n. ndoondi (ndi)', kaata. - usedfor
making soap ctV^n(ndi).
aside [asayd] adv. sara.
ask [ask] V. lamndaade. - forforgiveness
yaafnaade; tuubande.
asleep [asliyp] adj. cTaaniicTo He is asleep
Ko 0 cfaaniicfo.
aspirant [asparant] n. cfabboowo (o). He
who aspires must be patient cfabboowo
munat.
aspiration [aspareysan] n. cfamaawu (o);
naatnugol foofaango.
aspirin [asparan] n. aspirin (o).
ass [as] n. kuutol (ngol).
assail [aseyl] v. nakkaade e.
assailant [aseylant] n. nakkiicfo e.
assassin [asasin] n. barcfo hoore. He is the
assassin Ko kanko wari hoore.
assassinate [asasaneyt] n. warde hoore. He
was assassinated last year O waraa ko
rawane.
astute
assassination [asasaneysan] n. war hoore.
assault [asolt] v, yande; nakkaade.
assay [asey] v. etaade; endude.
assemble [asembal] v. rendinde; moobde.
assembled [asembald] adj. daakaade.
assembly [asembli] n. deental (ngal).
assent [asent] v. yamirde; jabde.
assert [asart] v. tiicfnude; teel^tinde.
assess [ases] v. hiisaade.
assessor [asesa] n. kiisotoocfo (o).
asset [aset] n. danal (ngal).
assign [asayn] v. tottude, heednude.
assignment [asaynmant] n. liggeey (o).
assimilate [asimaleyt] v. waade; naattinde;
waawde.
assist [asist] v. wallude You should assist your
teacher Acfa foti wallude ceemo maa.
assistance [asistans] n. ballal (ngal)', doftal
(ngal).
assistant [asistant] n. balloowo (o).
associate [asowseyt] v. wondude.
association [asowseysan] n. deental (ngal).
assoil [asoyl] v. yaafaade.
assort [asot] v. seerndude.
assortment [asOrtmant] n. ceerndugol
(ngol).
assume [asyuwm] v. sikkude; jikkude;
miijaade. I assume he is here Mbecfe
jikki omon cfoo.
assumption [asAmpsan] n. sikke (o); miijo
(ngo).
asthma [asma] n. aasmo.
astonish [astanis] v. najnude. / was
astonished Mi naj.
astonished [astanist] adj. najcfo;
kaawaacfo.
astonishment [astanismant] v. najoore (nde).
astound [astawnd] v. najnude.
astral [astral] adj. ko faati e.
astray [astrey] adj. ko majji; majjucfum.
The letter went astray bataake o majjii.
astrologer [astrowloja] n. tiimoowo (o). He
is an astrologer Ko o tiimoowo.
astrology [astrowlaji] n. tiimgal (ngal)',
tiimgol (ngdl).
astronomy [astrownami] n. jangde
windere.
astute [astyuwt] adj. ToTcfo. He is really
astute Omo YoTi no feewi.
127
asylum
asylum [9sayl9m] n. moolagol (ngol).
at [at] prep, nder; dow; to. ~ his request e
wiide makko; e yamiroore makko.
atelier [at9lye] n. nokku liggorde.
athletic [aGletik] adj. doolnucfo; cembincfo.
atmosphere [atmosfiyr] n. weeyo (ngo).
atmospheric [atmosfiyrik] adj. ko faati e
weeyo.
atonement [atownment] n. tuubgol (ngdl)\
njobdi (tidi).
atop [atop] pre/?. ceptam (dam).
atrocious [atrows9s] adj. boncfo.
atrocity [atrows9ti] n. bonande (nde).
attach [atac] v. habbude.
attachment [atacment] ti. kabbugol (ngdl)\
takkagol e nedcfo.
attack [atak] v. yande e; nakkaade e. They
attacked him be njani e makko.
attain [ateyn] v. hebde; yettaade.
attainable [ateyn9b9l] adj. ko hebotoo;
kebotoocfum.
attempt [atempt] n. ekko (ngo); ekkagol
(ngdl)\ etagol (ngol).
attempt [atempt] v. endude; etaade.
attend [atend] v. toppitaade. ~ school
jangude lekkon.
attention [atens9n] n. battugol hakkille.
attentive [atentiv] adj. battucfo hakkille.
attenuate [atenyuweyt] v. ustude.
attest [atest] v. seedaade. Can you attest to
that Acfa waawi seedaade cfum?
attire [atay9] n. comci (di), comcol (ngol).
attract [atrakt] v. foocfde.
attractive [atraktiv] adj. joocfcfo. You are
very attractive Acfa yoocfi no feewi.
attribute [atribyuwt] v. andinde iwdi.
auction [oks9n] v. yeeyde, wantirde.
auctioneer [oks9niy9] n. jeeyoowo (o).
audacious [odeys9s] adj. cuuscfo.
audacity [odas9ti] n. cuusal (ngal).
audible [odib9l] adj. ko nanotoo; ko
nanetee.
audience [ody9ns] n. yimbe tawtoraabe.
audition [odiys9n] n. kecftagol (ngol).
auditor [odito] n. kecfiicfo (o); kecfotoocfo (o).
auditory [od9towri] adj. ko faati e nancfe.
augment [Ogment] v. beydude
128
Azrael
augmentation [ogm9nteys9n] n. beydugol
(ngdl)\ beydaari (ndi).
augmenter [0gment9] «. beydoowo (o).
aunt [Ont] n. gorgilaacfo (o).
aura [ora] n. fooyre (nde).
aural [or9l] adj. ko faati e nancfe.
auricular [0rikyuwl9] adj. ko faati e nancfe.
auspice [ospis] n. jiimgol (ngdl)\ njiimaandi
(ndi)
austerity [oster9ti] n. soono (ngo); baasal
(ngal).
author [009] n. binducfo; mahcfo.
authority [90or9ti] n. baawal (ngal)-,
yamiroore (nde).
authorize [90orayz] v. yamirde. You are
authorized to remain in the country A
yamiraama yo a heddo e leydi ndi.
automobile [0t9mowbiyl] n. mobel (o).
autonomous [0town9m9s] adj. ko jiimaaka
an autonomous region nokku mo
jiimaaka.
autonomy [0town9mi] n. ndimaagu
hooremum.
autumn [0t9m] n. kawle (de).
avail [aveyl] v. nafde.
available [aveyl9b9l] adj. kebiicfo.
avarice [av9ris] n. tiicfgol jungo.
avenge [avenj] v. yoftanaade.
avenue [avenyu] n. laawol jaajngol.
average [avrij] n. hakkunde.
aversion [av9r39n] n ngangu (ngu)-, elko (ko).
avid [avid] adj. kuuhcfucfo; jicfcfo.
avidity [avid9ti] n. kuuncfugol (ngol).
avoid [avoyd] v. woorde.
await [aweyt] v. fadde.
awake [aweyk] v. findinde.
awaken [aweyk9n] v. findinde.
aware [aweyr] adj. tincfo. I am aware of it
Mbede tini cfum.
awareness [aweymes] ?i. tingol (ngol).
away [awey] adv. gocfcfucfum right away
jooni jooni.
awe [o] n. kulol (ngol).
awful [oflil] adj. boncfum; ko boni.
awl [ol] n. tufirde (nde).
ax [aks] n. jambere (nde).
azan [azan] n. noddingol (ngdl).
Azrael [azrel] n. jaraa?iilu.
baa
baa [ba] n. meengol (ngdl)\ meenaali (di).
babble [babal] n. haala ka laabaani.
babbling [bablig] n. haala ka laabaani.
baboon [babuwn] n. waandu (ndu).
baby [beybi] n. bicfcfo (o); tiggu (o).
bachelor [bacala] //. surga; mo resaani He is
a bachelor Ko o surga.
back [bak] n. keeci (ki)-, baawo (ngo)\ caggal
(tigal). ~ up wallude; heedande. / will hack
him up Ma mi wallu mo. talk behind
someone’s - hohde.come- artude.
backache [bakeyk] n. keeci muusoowi I
have a backache Mbecfe wondi e keeci
muusoowi.
backbone [bakbown] n. noorol (ngol).
background [bakgrawund] n. neesu (ngi4).
backside [baksayde] n. raqalde (nde)\ rotere
(nde).
backward [bakword] adj. ko yahri caggal.
bacon n. [beykan] teew mbabba tugal / do
not eat bacon Mi naamataa teew mbabba
tugal.
bad [bad] adj. boncfo, boncfum. go - bonde.
badly [badli] adv. ko boni; ko feewani,
boncfum.
baffle [bafal] v. jiibde.
bag [bag] n. boot (o); saak
(o): mbasu (ngu)\ bata (o); suruundu (ndu).
he in the - fandineede; nder poos,
baggage [bagij] n. kaake (cfe)
bail [beyl] n. njobdi (ndi).
bail [beyl] v. yaltinde cokaacfo. / hailed him
out Mi yobanii mo ko o rewetenoo.
bait [beyt] n. cegdi (ndi).
bake [beyk] v. defde e nder fliur.
baker [beyka] v. bulanse (o); piyoowo barbet [barbet] n. sondu (ndu).
mburu.
bakery [beykari] n. mbulayse (o).
balance [balans] v. fondude. They are not yeeytondireede; wacfdeede ustu beydu. / am
balanced cfi potaani.
bald [bold] adj. jom teeleende.
baldness [boldnes] n. teeleende (nde).
balk [bolk] v. daraade.
ball [bol] n. kupe; bal (o).
ballet [bale] n. ngamri (ndi).
balloon [baluwn] n. bal (o).
129
barn
bambara [bambara] n. bambaranke (o).
bamboo [bambuw] n. kewal (ngal).
ban [ban] v. hacfde. He is banned from the
group 0 yaltinaama fedde.
banana [banano] n. banaana (o).
band [band] n. lefol (ngdl)\ tump (o).
bandagefbandij] n. bandaas (o); lefol (ngdi).
bandit [bandit] n. boncfo (o).
bandy [bandi] v. werlondirde.
bandy-legged [bandileged] adj. molfo,
molficfcfo He is bandy-legged Ko o molfo.
bang [bag] v. bubbude. Please do not
bang the door Holto bubbu baafal ngal.
bangle [baggol] n. jawo (ngo).
banish [banish] v. riiwde.
banishment [banisment] n. diiwgol (ngdl).
bank [bagk] n. banke.
banker [bagko] n. liggotoocfo e bagke.
bankrupt [bagkrApt] adj. baascfo, picfcfucfo.
7 am bankrupt Ko mi picfcfucfo.
banquet [bagkwet] n. kew (o).
banter [banto] v. gaajondirde; yanondirde.
baobab fruit n. [bawbab fmwt] bohre (nde)',
bohe (cfe).
baobab tree [bawbab triy] /?. laali (ki), bokki
(ki)\ bowdi (ki).
baptize [baptayz] v. innude. He n’us
baptized yesterday Ko hanki o innaa.
bar [bar] n. leggal (ngal)\ palal (ngal).
barb [barb] n. logdu (ndu).
barbecue [barbokyuw] v. jucfde.
barbecued meat [barbokyuwd miyt] n. afara
(o) You really like barbecued meat Kooli
ko aan yicfi afara.
barber [barbo] n. pemboowo (o).
bare [beyr] adj. meho, bolo.
bargain [bargen] v. haaldeede;
tired of bargaining Mi tampii yeeytaade.
bargaining [bargenig] n. jeeytagol (ng6l)\
ustu beydu.
bark [bark] n. bokko (ko).
bark [bark] v. wofde
barn [barn] n. mooftirde
kabircfe/jaande/hucfo.
barrack
barrack [barak] n. suudu soldateebe.
barrage [baraj] //. hacfiinde (nde).
barren [baren] adj. dimaro; rimare (used for
animals).
barricade [barikeyd] //. hecfcfaawo (ngo).
barricade [barikeyd] v. howde.
barrier [bariy0] n. hecfcfaawo (ngo), galle
(o).
barrow [barow] ii. burwet (o).
bartender [bartenda] n. jeeyoowo
sangara/njaram.
barter [bart9] n. barja (o): haacfi haacfa (o).
basal [beysal] adj. ko faati e ngooroondi
leydi.
base [beyz] u. ummorde (nde)\ ngooroondi
(ndi).
bashful [basflil] adj. nuggaro He is bashful
Ko o nuggaro.
basic [beysik] n. flicfcforde (tide).
basis [beysis] ti. ngooroondi (ndi).
bask [bask] v. wulnaade e les naange,
saacfnaade.
basket [basket] n. sufirdu; (ndu) pane (o);
wusup (o).
bastard [bastad] adj. deedaacfo; mo alaa
baaba mum You are a bastard Aan ko a
deedaacfo.
bat [bat] v. fiide. ~ an eyelid majde.
bat [bat] //. wilwilnde (nde)\ bilbilel.
bate [beyt] v. ustude.
bathe [beyS] v. buflaade. He is bathing
Omon buftoo.
bathing [beydii)] n. buftagol (ngol). ~
instrument lootorgal (ngal)/lootirgal
(ngal). ~ area = lootorde (nde).
bathos [beyGos] n. buutdi (ndi).
batten [batan] v. wuurnude.
batter [bata] v. wurwude; fiide.
battery [batari] n. batiri (o).
battle [batal] n. hare (nde). a major-- hare
mawnde.
bawd [bod] n. garbotoocfo.
bazaar [bazar] n. jeere (nde).
be [biy] v. wonde. ~ wrong fende; toonde.
beach [biyc] n. fongo geec.
bead [biyd] n. haayre (nde) do one’s ~.v
wirdude, tellinde jabe.
beak [biyk] n. hoggo (ngo).
beam [biym] //. leggal (ngal).
130
l» behead
bean [biyn] n. newre (nde). He loves beans
Ndaw ko yicfi nebbe.
bear [ber] v. 1) wufnude 2) munde.
beard [biyrd] wahre (nde)
beardless [birdies] adj. nollo.
beast [bist] n. mbaroodi (ndi).
beat[biyt] v. leemde; fiide; tappude; lappude.
~ the rice lappee maaro (ko).
beater [biyta] n. piyoowo (o).
beautiful [biyuwtiful] adj. joocfcfo; lobbo.
She is very beautiful Ndaw ko yoocfi
beauty [biyuwti] n. njoocfndam (dam).
because [bikoz] conj. sabu.
beck [bek] n. hoggo (ngo).
beckon [bekon] v. dillinde hoore; jabde,
jamminde.
become [bekAm] v. wonde; wontude. He has
become greedy Omo aybi.
bed [bed] n. mbaldi (ndi), (ndi)-, kiriptii) (o);
lelorde (nde). He went to bed early O
yaawii lelaade.
bedding [bedip] n. darabuuji e mbajjuuji.
bedroom [bedrum] n. suudu (ndu). Where is
your bedroom Hoi to suudu maa woni?
bee [biy] n. naaku (ngu)
beef [biyf] n. teew kolce.
beefy [biyfi] adj. bellincfo.
beer [biya] n. sangara (o); konjam (cfam).
beetle [biytal] n. somre (nde).
before [bifowr] adv. hadee, ko adii. Wash
your hands before you eat Soocfo hadee
maa naamde.
beg [beg] v. toraade; yelaade; naagaade. / am
begging your forgiveness Mbecfe naagi
maa yaafuya.
beget [biget] v. jibinde.
beggar [bega] n. jelotoocfo (o). Beggars
can’t be choosers Naadottocfo subotaako.
Give charity to the beggar Sakko jelotoocfo
o.
begin [bigin] v. yaalde, tuggude; fucfcfaade. ~
afresh fiicfcfitaade.
beginning [biginip] n. fucfcfoode (nde);
arwan (o); adan.
beguile [bigayl] v. fliuntude.
behave [biheyv] v. feewde, nehaade.
behavior [biheyviya] n. nehdi (ndi). good ~
nehdi moTYiri.
behead [bihed] v. taTde daande.
behind
bind

behind [bihaynd] n. baawo (ngo)\ caggal (o): bequest [bikwest] n. ndonu (ngu).
gacfa (o). He is behind you Omon caggal bereave [biriyv] v. hebtude; hacfde.
maa.
beret [b0ret] n. beere (o).
behold [bihold] v. Teewde.
berry [beri] n. bingel lecfcfe.
being [beig] n. aadee. a human ~ innama
berth [b0rG] n. joofirde (nde)-, tufnde (nde).
aadee./or the time ~ jooni; hadee ndeen.
beseech [bisiyc] v. naagaade.
belay [biley] v. fiilde, taamude.
beset [biset] v. yande e; fiakkaade e.
belch [belc] n. ahre (nde).
beside [bisayd] prep, takko; sara.
belch [belc] v. ahde.
besiege [bisiyj] v, taaraade.
belief [beliyf] n. dewgol (ngdl)\ dewal (ngal)-,
sikke (o): googcfingol (ngdl). best [best] adj. burcfo fof; burefo fof
moTTude.
believe [biliyv] v. googcfinde, jabde, sikkude.
/ believe in Allah Mbecfe goorjcfini Alla. bestial [besc0l] adj. ko faati e jawdi.
believer [biliyv0] v. jabcfo AJla. bestow [bistow] v. yecfde; rokkude.
belittle [bilit0l] v. yennude; biskitde. bet [bet] v. fawde; tegde. How much did you
bet No foti tegcfaa?
bell [bel] n. hulnde (nde). little ~ le^nguru
(ndu). betray [bitrey] v. janfaade, joolaade. They
betrayed him be njanfii mo.
belligerence [belijer0ns] n. hare (nde).
betrayal [bitrey0l] n. joolo janfa (o).
bellow [below] v. huunde.
betroth [bitrowG] v. Tamde; humande.
bellow [below] n. huunaango (ngo).
better [bet0] adj. burcfo moTTude.
belly [beli] n. reedu (ndu). big ~ deeringi,
better [bet0] v. moTTinde.
deeral (ngal).
betterment [bet0ment] n. bural (ngal).
belong [bilog] v. jeyeede. The book belongs
to me Ko miin jey deftere nde. between [bitwiyn] n. leriinde; hakkunde.
belonging [bilogig] n. halal (ngal),]ty (o). beverage [bevrij] n. njaram (dam).
below [bilow] prep. les. bewail [beweyl] v. sunaade.
belt [belt] n. dadorgal (ngal)\ duhol (ngdl)\ beware [beweyr] v. reentaade. ~ of the dog
dadol (ngdl). reento rawaandu (ndu).
bench [bene] n. joocforde (nde). bewilder [biwild0] v. raytude; majjinde;
jiibde.
bend [bend] v. wuuraade; oonde, junaade,
hofde. ~ down turaade; Tukkaade ~ over beyond [biyond] prep, dow; yeeseo.
wunhinaade. ~ oneself naayaade ~ forward bi [bay] pref cficfi.
tukkaade. bicycle [baysik0l] n. biskalet (o).
bender [bend0] n. kofoowo (o). bid [bid] v. yamirde.
beneath [biniyG] prep. les. biennial [bayeniy0l] adj. ko kewata duubi
benediction [benediks0n] n. baraaji; cficfi kala.
duwaawu. biff [bif] n. womre (nde).
benefaction [benefaks0n] v. nafoore (nde). bifurcate [bifirkeyt] v. selde.
benefactor [benefakt0] n. moTTinoowo; big [big] adj. mawcfo; ko mawni.
balloowo (o). bigwig [bigwig] n. koohoowo (o).
benefic [benefik] adj. nafojum; ko nafata. bijou [biju] n. cucfaari (ndi).
benefice [benef0s] n. nganaari (ndi). bilingual [bayliggw0l] n. kaaloowo cfemcfe
beneficient [benefis0nt] adj. nafojum; ko cficfi. He is bilingual Omo haala cfemcfe
nafata. cficfi.
benefit [benefit] v. nafde. He did not benefit bilk [bilk] v. salaade yobde namaande.
from it efum nafaani mo. bill [bil] n. cferewol (ngdl).
benevolent [benev0l0nt] adj. ko woni Allah billow [bilow] n. wempeTere (nde).
meho, Alla meho.
billy [bill] n. sawru (ndu).
bequeath [bikwiG] v. ronnude.
bind [baynd] v. jokkondirde, habbude.

131
binder
binder [baynda] n. kabboowo (o).
binoculars [binowkalaz] n. loggorcfe (de).
birch [bare] ti. lekki (ki).
bird [bard] n. sondu (iidu). A bird in the
hand is worth two in the bush bamde ko
rokkaa buri sooynaade ko hebataa.
birdcatcher [bardkaca] n. tuufotoocfo colli,
birdie [bardi] n. colei tokosel.
birdlime [bardlaym] n. wilde (nde).
birl [bad] v. yiilde; yuppude; yuppande.
birth [barG] n. jibingol (ngol); jibinande
(nde) to give ~ jibinde.
birthmark [barGmok] n. tobbere nde necfcfo
jibidinaa e mum.
birthright [barGrayt] n. tiinde (nde).
bis [bis] adv. laabi cficfi.
bisect [baysekt] v. feccude, eebde.
bit [bit] n. seecfa (o); taYatinel (ngel).
bitch [bite] n. joorcfo gite; caga.
bite [bayt] n. soppande (nde)\ fiefande (nde)\
Tjatande; pobande.
bite [bayt] v. patde; rjobde; gappude (ndi).
biter [bayta] n. igatoowo.
bitter [bita] adj. lammucfum; kaacfcfum.
bitter end [bitarend] n. gasirde (nde)\ wattan
(o).
bitterness [bitames] v. mettere (nde)-,
mettingol (ngol).
bizarre [bizOr] adj. kaawnicfum; kaawniicfo.
He is very bizarre Omo haawnii no feewi.
blab [blab] v. tindude; saaktude sirru.
black [blak] adj. baleejo, balejum. ~person
baleejo (o). ~ ant nuunu (nga). ~ color
balewol (ngol)-, baleeri (ndi)-, bawlugol.
very ~ kurum.
blacken v. [blakan] bawlinde ~ oneself
bawlinaade.
blackmail [blakmeyl] v. waawnude.
blackness [blaknes] n. balewol (ngol).
blacksmith [blaksmiG] n. baylo (o). ~ shop
mbayla (ka).
bladder [blada] n. mbasu coofe.
blade [bleyd] n. layset (o):]d\o (ngo).
blame [bleym] n. nigoore (nde).
blame [bleym] v. nipde.
blameless [bleymles] adj. laabcfo; mo alaa
nigoore.
blanch [blanc] v. ranwinde.
blank [blapk] adj. meho.
132
board
blanket [blanket] n. mbajju (o).
blaspheme [blasfiym] v. heeforicfde.
blasphemy [blasfami] n. fanoore (nde)-,
keeferaagal (ngal).
blaze [bleyz] v. jawwude.
bleach [bliyc] v. ranwinde.
bleat [bliyt] n. meenaango (ngo).
bleat [bliyt] v. meende.
bleed [bliyd] v. tuTTde; rufde TiiTam. He is
bleeding ko a tuTTucfo.
bleeder [bliyd9] n. tuTTucfo (o).
bleeding [bliydig] n. tuTTam (cfam).
blemish [blemis] v. bonnude.
blend [blend] v. rendinde.
blender [blenda] n. dendinoowo (o).
bless [bles] v. duwanaade. I bless you Mi
duwani maama.
blessed [blesd] adj. duwanaacfo; malaacfo;
barkincio.
blessing [blesig] n. malu (ngu)-, barke (de):
baraaji (di).
blight [blayt] n. naw lecfcfe.
blind [blaynd] adj. gumefo (o). turn a ~ eye
to faalkisaade.
blindness [blayndnes] //. ngumndam (dam).
blink [bliqk] v. lewnude, majde.
bliss [blis] n. weltaare (nde).
blister [blista] n. wawlere (nde)-, faandu
(ndu).
blister [blista] v. flicftude.
bloat [blowt] V. buutde.
block up [blokAp] v. sukkude.
blood [blAd] n. TiiTam; TiiTe (de).
bloom [bluwm] n. piindi (ndi).
blossom [blosam] n. piindi (ndi).
blot [blot] n. tobbere (nde).
blotch [bloc] n. tobbere.
blow [blow] V. wuttude, fuufde; wifde. ~
one's nose fiifaade; nittaade. ~someone's
nose nittude.
blubber [blAba] v. woyde.
blue [bluw] adj. bulo. ~ cloth baka.
blunder [blAnda] n. juumre (nde).
blunt [blAnt] adj. muddiefefum; ko muddicfi.
blush [blAs] //. kersa (o); gacce (de).
bluster [blAsta] v. baabaade.
board [bord] n. dukuduku. ~ for tanning
leather datirde (nde); kiirimmeewal (ngal).
boast
boast [bowst] v. wasaade; huunaade.
boaster [bowst0] n. basotoocfo (o).
boat [bowt] ti. laana (ka)\ lumbirgal (ngal).
bob [bopAp] V. suppitaade; fiide.
bodily [badili] adv. ko faati e banndu.
body [badi] n. bandu (ndu).
bodyguard [bodigOrd] n. deenoowo necfcfo.
boggy [bogi] adj. lofcfum; ko lofi.
boil [boyl] v. cfalde, fasde; fasnude. The
yvater is boiled Ndiyam cfam fasii.
boisterous [boystaras] adj.
keewcfo/keewcfum dille.
bold [bowld] adj. tekkinaacfum; ko tekkinaa.
bolero [bolero] n. ngamri (ndi).
bolster [bolsta] n. talla (ka)\ njegenaawe(o).
bond [bond] u. jiyaacfo (o); maccucfo (o);
kalfaacfo (o).
bondage [bondij] n. kalifaandi (ndi).
bone [bown] n. Yiyal (ngal). feel something
inones’s~ ejde.
bonfire [bonfaya] n. ducfal (ngal).
bonny [boniy] adj. ko yoodi; joocfcfum.
boo [buw] V. wullude; wullude necfcfo.
book [buk] n. deftere (nde).
booklet [buklet] n. deftel (ngel).
boost [buwst] V. beydude.
booster [buwsta] n. beydoowo (o).
boot [buwt] V. boornaade pacfe.
booty [buwtiy] n. jawdi teetaandi.
booze [buwz] n. konjam (cfam), sagngara (o).
border [borda] n. keerol leydi.
bore [bowr] v. yulde.
born [born] adj. jibinaacfo. he ~ with
jibidineede e. first ~ afo (o). ~ out of
wedlock deedaacfo (o).
borrow [borow] v. namlaade; lubaade
borrowing [barowig] n. lubal (ngal)\
namaande (nde).
bosom [buzum] n. endu (ndu).
boss [bos] n. gardiicfo (o).
botanical [bowtanikal] adj. ko faati e lecfcfe.
both [bow6] adj. cficfi/cficfo kala.
bother [ba6a] v. tappisaade, haljinde.
bottle [batal] n. butel (o); kaba. little ~
kabayel.
bottom [botam] n. gacfa (o): les.
bough [bow] n. catal lekki.
bounce [bowns] v. diwde ina doTToo.
133
break
bound [bownd] v. kabbaacfo, keeraacfo.
boundary [bowndri] n. keerol (ngdl).
boundless [bowndles] adj. ko alaa happu.
bounteous [bawnteyas] adj. kaaraysire;
moTTo.
bountiful [bowntiflil] adj. moTTo (o).
bounty [bownti] n. moTTere (nde).
bow [bOw] V. turaade.
bow [bOw] n. baylol (ng6l)\ layru (ndu).
bowel [bowal] n. tektekol (ngdl).
bowl [bowl] n. labal (ngal), lahal (ngal)\
tumbude (nde)\ taasa (ka), bool (o).
bowman [bowman] n. laanoowo (o).
box [boks] n. boyet, pakket (o): kees (o).
box [boks] V. lukkude, gobbaade.
boy [boy] //. suka (o); cukalel (ngel).
boyish [boyis] adj. ko faati e cukaagu.
bracelet [breyslet] n. jawo (ngo)\ jawel
(ngel).
brag [brag] v. wasaade.
bragger [braga] n. basotoocfo (o).
braid [breyd] v. moorde, sande. ~
temporarily nuggude.
braid [breyd] n.; moorol (ngdl)-, jubbol
(ngdl). '^ornament moosturu (ndu).
braided [breydid] adj. mooraacfo,
mooracfum.
braider [breyda] n. mooroowo (o).
braiding [breydip] n. moorgol (ngdl).
brain [breyn] n. hakkille (o).
brake [breyk] n. ferel] (o)
bran [bran] n. saano (ko); naande (nde).
branch [branc] v. saltude; selde.
branch [branc] n. catal (ngal). tree ~es cate
(de).
brandish [brandis] v. hollirde.
brangle [bra^gal] v. dukde.
brass [bras] n. njamndi jillundi.
brat [brat] n. cukalel (ngel).
brave [breyv] adj. cuuscfo. He is a brave
man Omo suusi reedu
bravery [breyvri] n. cuusal (ngal).
brawl [browl] n. hare (nde).
bray [brey] v. hande.
bread [bred] n. mburu (o).
breadth [bredG] n. njaajeendi.
break [breyk] v. helde, fusde, tolde. ~ off
heltude. ~ by pounding aTTude. ~ a
break
fasting ritual taTde koorka; hoortude. ~
into pieces mornitde. ~ a promise firtude
ahdi.
break [breyk] n. helande (nde)\ aTTere (nde)
breaker [breyka] n. keloowo (o).
breakfast [brekfast] /?. kacitaari (ndi).
breast [brest] n. endu (ndu)\ Toolde (nde).
breastfeed [brestfiyd] v. muyninde.
breath [bre0] n. foofaango (ngo). You are
wasting your breath Holto tampin hoore
ma.
breathe [briyd] v. foofde. ~ one's belly in
cfehaade. ~ lightly while catching one's
breath lehde
breathing [briyding] n. foofaango (ngo).
breech [briyc] les.
breed [briyd] v. jibinde; diwnude. ill-bred
neetaro. well-bred nehiicfo.
breeze [briyz] n. kenal subaka.
brevity [breviti] n. huunde rabbicfnde.
bribe [brayb] v. yeende.
bribe [brayb] n. njeenaari (ndi). He takes
bribes Omo jaba yeeneede.
briber [braybo] n. jeenoowo (o).
bribery [braybari] n. njeenaari (ndi).
brick [brik] n. tuufeere (nde).
bride [brayd] n. debbo dambiicfo. ~ room
dambordu (ndu). - groom gorko dambiicfo
(jombaajo gorko).
bridge [brij] n. sala (o)
bridle [braydal] n. faram (o).
brief [briyf] adj. cfabbicfcfum, ko rabbicfi. Be
brief Rabbicfino.
brigand [brigand] n. taToowo (o).
bright [brayt] adj. jalbucfum; ko jalbi;
juumcfucfum; ko yuumcfi.
brighten [braytan] v. yuumcfinde; fooynude.
brightness [braytnes] n. annoore (nde)\
jalbugol (ngol).
brilliant [brilyant] adj. jalbucfum; ko jalbi.
bring [brig] v. addude. ~ near battinde. ~ up
nehde. ~ with addorde. ~ for someone
addande. ~ the wife to one's compound
hurtinde. ~ to oneself waaraade.
brink [brigk] n. sara (o).
brisket [brisket] n. becce jawdi.
bristle [brisal] n. leebol (ngdl)\ leebi (cfi).
brittle [brital] v. bonde.
broad [browd] adj. jaajcfum, ko yaaji.
134
bully
broadcast [browdcast] v. habrude,
broadcaster [browdcasta] n. kabroowo (o).
broaden [browdan] v. yaajnude.
brocade [browkeyd] n. bagi (o).
broil [broyl] v. jucfde.
broke [browk] adj. baascfo; mo alaa kaalis.
bronchitis [brogkaytas] n. nawjofe.
broody [bruwdi] adj. dikkale.
broom [bruwm] n. pittirgal (ngal).
broth [bro0] n. neekam (dam).
brother [bra0a] n. miniraacfo gorko;
mawniraacfo gorko.
brother-in-law [bra0ainlo] n. keyniraacfo
(o).
brotherhood [braSarhud] n. jiidigal (ngal).
brow [braw] n. nemembo (ko).
browse [brawz] v. Teewndaade; Teewde.
bruise [bruwz] n. gaanande (nde)\ gaacal
(ngal).
brumal [bruwmal] adj. ko faati e dabbunde.
brush [brAs] v. ficfcfuude; soccude.
brushwood [brAswud] n. sappaare (nde).
brutal [bruwtal] adj. nagngucfo; boncfo; mo
teeyaani.
bubble [bAbal] v. fattude; fasde.
buck [bAk] V. tuucfde; jattinaade.
bucker [bAka] n. tuucfoowa (ba).
bucket [bAket] n. siwo. ~ for drawing water
Toogirgal (ngal).
bucolic [byuwkowlik] adj. ko faati e
ngaynaaka.
bud [bAd] /?. wuufre (nde).
buddy [bAdi] n. sehil (o); jahdiicfo (o).
buffalo [bAfalow] n. eda (ba)
bug [bAg] n. gootootu (ngu).
build [bild] v. mahde; feQde. ~ a shelter
fogde. ~ a dike ambude. ~ a new village or
compound siintude. ~ for someone
mahande.
builder [bilda] n. mahoowo (o).
building [bildig] n. hubeere (nde)-, mahdi
(ndi).
bulge [bAlj] /?. Tuulde (nde).
bull [bul] n. ngaari (ndi)-, kalhaldi (ndi).
bullet [bulet] n. kartuus (o); kutal (ngal).
bullion [bulyan] n. kagge(o).
bullock [bulok] n. gayel (ngel).
bully [buli] adj. kabeteecfo; nagngucfo.
bunch
bypass

bunch [bAnc] //. endu (ndu). bush [bus] n. ladde (nde). -fowl gerlal
bundle [bAndal] n. saawdu (ndu). ~ of hair (ngal). - dog saafaandu. - fire cumu
saayaande (nde). ladde.
bur [bar] n. nguru (ngid). business [biznes] n. fii(o); haaju (o).
bur [bar] v. sokkude. bust [bAst] V. fusde; fecfcfitaade.
burden [bardan] n. fawaare (nde)-, do^ngal bustard [bAstad] n. doobal (ngal)-, caygal
(ngal). (ngal).
burglar [bargla] n. gujjo (o). busy [bizi] adj. kaljucfo. I am busy Mbecfe
burglarize [barglarayz] v. wujjude. halji.
burglary [barglari] n. nguyka (ka). but [bAt] conj. kono.
burial [bariyal] n. ubbugol (ngol). ~ butcher [butca] n. toI]oowo (o); buuse (o).
instrument ubbirgal (ngal). butler [bAtla] n. carwoowo (o); deenoowo
(o).
burke [bark] v. warde.
burly [barli] adj. butto. butt [bAt] V. hawde.
burn [barn] n. sumande (nde). butter [bAta] v. wumpude.
burn [bam] v. duppude; nuccude; naawde. ~ butter [bAta] n. nebam keccam; malamlaaji.
to ashes roytinde. buttock [bAtok] n. rotere (nde).
burned [barnd] adj. kubbucfum; doytucfum. button [bAtan] n. butol^ (o) buy [bay] v.
soodde. ~ milk sippude. ~ ne^v clothing for
burner [bama] n. fehre (nde).
hettande. ~ clothing for someone holtinde.
burning [bamig] n. kubbugol (ngol)-, cumu ~ neyv clothing hettude. ~ back soodtude.
(ngtd). ~ piece of wood docotal (ngal).
buyer [bOya] n. coodoowo (o).
burr [bar] n. hebbere (nde).
buying [bOyip] n. coggu (ngu) buzz [bAz] v.
burrow [bArow] v. asde. wombude.
burst [barst] v. fuccitde; fliccitaade; fettude; by [bay] adv. Sara; takko dow. ~ train
fusde; fedditaade. ~ into tears woyde. yahmde laana njoorndi.
burst [barst] n. flisande (nde). bygone [baygon] adv. hanki men.
bury [bari] v. ubbude; irde. bypass [baypas] n. sodorde (nde).
bypass [baypass] v. sodaade.

135
cab candor

cab [kab] ii. taksi (o). caller [kol9] n. noddoowo (o).

cabaret [kabare] ti. pasiol] (o). calling [kolig] n. eewnaango; noddaango.
cabbage [kabij] n. suppome (o). calligraphy [kaligr9fi] n. bindol jocfngol;
cabin [kabin] n. suudu jeewru (ndu). bindi Jobdcfi.
cable [keybal] n. boggol (ngol). callous [kal9s] adj. mo wondaaka.
cache [kas] /?. suucforde (nde)\ faawru calm [kam] v. deTTinde; daayde;
(ndu). deeTnude, tefde, yeedde; teeyde. ~ down
cachet [kase] n. tampol] (o). deeT.
cackle [kakal] v. herde (gertogal). calm [kam] n. deeyre (nde)
cacophonous [kak9fown9s] adj.
caltrop [kaltrop] n. tuppere (nde).
luurducfum; ko yahdaani. calumet [kalumet] n. jardugal (ngal).
cad [kad] n. naskaacfo (o). calumniate [kal9mneyt] v. nohde.
cadaver [kadav9] n. necfcfo maaycfo, jiiba. calumniation [kal9mneys9n] n. nohre
(nde).
cadaverous [kadavr9s] adj. ko faati e jiiba.
caddy [kadi] n. boyet (o). calumniator [kal9mneyt9] n. nohoowo (o).
cadet [kadet] n. bicfoo battindiicfo
calumny [kal9mni] n. nohre (nde).
jibineede. calve [kav] v. jibinde nale.
cadge [kaj] v. naagaade. calyx [kaliks] n. morlere (nde).
cadger [kaj9] n. naagotoocfo (o). camaraderie [kamrad9ri] n. cehilaagal
(ngal)-, musidaagal (ngal).
cafe [kafe] n. pasiol] tokooso.
caftan [kaft9n] n. kaftaan (o). camel [kam9l] n. ngelooba (ba).
cage [keyj] n. kaso (o). camera [kam9r9] n. foto.
cagey [keyji] adj. deentiicfo. cameraman [kamer9m9n] n. potoowo (o).
cajole [kajowl] v. waawnude; fliuntude. camion [kamiyon] n. kamiyol] (o).
cajolery [kajowlri] n. fuunti (o). camp [kamp] n. jippunde (nde). ~ for dry
season seedirde (nde).
cake [keyk] n. namri (ndi).
camper [kamp9] n. jippiicfo (o).
calabash [kalabas] n. lahal (ngal)\ cel]alal
(ngal), tumbude (nde)\ ewre (nde), can [kan] v. waawde that cannot be cfum
mbaayan (o). broken ~ laalagal. ~ for waawaa wonde.
milking birdugal (ngal). big ~ geworgal can [kan] n. pot (o).
(ngal), koral (ngal). ~ for pouring sauce canal [k9nal] n. gaawol (ngdl).
or milk liyorgal (ngal). canalize [kan9layz] v. asde gaawol.
calamitous [k9lam9t9s] adj. boomojum; ko canard [k9nard] n. kankaleewal (ngal).
faati e boomaare.
cancel [kans9l] v. firtude; haaytude.
calamity [k9lamiti] n. boomaare (nde). cancellation n. [kans9leys9n] kaaytugol
calculate [kalkyuleyt] v. hiisaade. (ngdl)-, pirtugol (ngdl).
calculus [kalkil9s] //. limoore (nde)-, hiisa cancer [kans9] n. naw.
(o). candid [kandid] adj. nuuncfucfo;
calendar [kalend9] n. kalandiriye. goongante.
calf [kaf] n. gool (o): nale (nge). candidate [kandideyt] n. cfabboowo (o):
caliph [kalif] n. kiliifa (o). ndaaroowo (o).
call [kol] V. noddude; eeraade. ~ for prayer candle [kand9l] n. sondeel (o).
eewnaade; noddinde. ~ one another candleberry [kand9lberi] n. kaaneeri (ndi).
noddondirde. He called him a name O candlelight [kand9layt] n. lewlewndu
toonii mo. sondeel.
call [kol] n. noddaango (ngo); eewnaango candor [kand9] n. nuuncfal (ngal).
(t^go).

136
candy
candy [kandi] n. tangal (o).
cane [keyn] n. sawru tuggorteendu.
canister [kanista] ti. boyet (o).
cannibal [kanibal] adj. naamoowo yimbe.
canny [kani] adj. deentiicfo.
canoe [kanow] ti. laana kahi.
canopy [kanapi] ti. kanappe (de).
cantaloupe [kantaluwp] n. dende (tide).
canteen [kantiyn] ti. bitik soldateebe.
canter [kanta] v. nekkude.
canter [kanta] ti. jelotoocTo (o).
cantle [kantal] ti. taTande (tide).
canvas [kanvas] ti. bagi (o).
canvass [kanvas] v. ndaarde wootoobe.
cap [kap] ti. laafa (ka).
capability [keypabiliti] ti. mbaawka (ka).
capable [keypabal] adj. baawcfo.
capital city [kapitalsiti] ti. laamorde (tide).
capitulate [kapyuwtileyt] v. jebbilaade.
capitulation [kapyuwtileysan] ti. jebbilaare
(tide).
capon [keypon] ti. ngori (o).
caponize [keypowniz] v. sende.
capricious [kapriysas] adj. jaawcfo waylude
miijo mum.
capricorn [kaprakorn] ti. bota (ha).
capriole [kapriyol] v. Teeraade (puccu).
capsize [kapsayz] v. yiwde (laana yiwde),
hippaade.
caption [kapsan] ti. naatondiral (tigal)\
sippiro (tigo).
captivate [kaptaveyt] v. nangude hakkille.
captive [kaptiv] adj. jiyaado; maccucfo,
jaggaacfo.
capture [kapca] v. jaggude; dahde.
car [ka] ti. oto (o); mobel (o).
caracole [karakowl] v. raamraamtude.
caramel [kamal] ti. karaameel (o); tangal
(o).
caravan [karavan] ti. setewol (tigol), sete
(o); jiggoore (tide).
caravel [karavel] ti. laana (ka).
carbine [karbayn] ti. fetel (o).
carcass [karkas] ti. jiiba (o).
card [kad] ti. kartal (fig<^l)- threiv up
his own cards O cfamtindiima.
cardiac [kardyak] adj. ko faati e bernde.
cardiology [kardyolaji] //. jangde bernde.
!37
casque
care [keyr] ti. toppitaagol (tigol) take care
of him toppito mo.
care [keyr] v. toppitaade, hinnaade. I don’t
care Mi wondaaka.
career [keriya] ti. liggeey (o).
careful [keyrflil] adj. deentiicfo. he ~
reento.
carefully [keyrfuli] adv. seese.
careless [keyrles] adj. jeebiicfo; yeebiibe.
carelessness [keyrlesnes] ti. yeebaare (tide).
caress [kares] v. moytude; moomde.
caress [kares] ii. moytaango (tigo).
carious [karyas] adj. julcfum, yulnde; ko
yuli (niire).
carnage [karnij] ti. warngo yimbe heewbe.
carnal [kanal] adj. ko faati e yimbe/aduna.
carnivorous [karnavoras] adj. ko naamata
teew.
carol [kerol] /?. njimri (tidi),]\m6\ (tigdl).
carp [karp] ti. sidere (tide).
carpenter [karpenta] ti. minise (o); labbo.
carpet [karpet] ti. tapis (o).
carrier [keriya] ti. bilanka (o);
doondotoocfo.
carrion [karyon] ti. jiiba (o).
carrot [kerot] ti. karot (o).
carry [keri] v. roondaade. ~ in one's palm
tambaade. ~ with naworde. ~ on one's
hack waabde. ~ on the head roondaade.
~ hack nawtude. ~ for nawande. ~ a had
on the head without a head pad
rungaade. ~ on one's shoulders towde. ~
a child on one's hack wambude
cart [kat] ti. saret (o). They put the cart
before the horse.
Nay njardii laaceeje.
carton [kotGn] ti. boyet (o).
cartouche [kartuws] ti. kutal (tigal).
cartridge [katrij] ti. kutal (ngal).
carve [kav] v. sehde.
carving [koviq] ii. sehngo (tigo).
case [keys] ti. suudu (tidii). in any ~ ko
waawi wonde kala.
casern [kazGrn] ti. hocforde (tide)
soldateebe.
cash [kas] //. kaalis. pay ~ yobde jungo e
jungo.
cashier [kasya] ti. jobnotoocfo.
casque [kask] //. kaske (o).
cassava
cassava [kasava] n. pulook (o).
casserole [kas0rol] ti. kastiloor (o).
cassette [kaset] ?i. banda (o).
cast [kast] v. werlaade.
caste [kast] ti. hinde (nde).
castle [kas9l] n. hocforde laamcfo.
castrate [kastreyt] v. sende; tappude. ~ed
bullock ngaari bujiri (ndi).
casual [kaz0l] adj. ko tiicfaani.
casualty [kaz0lti] n. maaybe e wolde/hare.
cat [kat] n. ullundu (ndu)
cataclysm [cataklizm] n. jerbugol leydi.
catalog [kat0log] n. defte limtaacfe.
catapult [kat0pAlt] mbakku (o).
cataract [kat0rakt] n. ndaneeri yitere.
catastrophe [kat0strowfi] n. boomaare
(tide)', bonande mawnde.
catch [kac] v. hebbaade, hirbaade. ~ up
with hebtaade. ~ with a trap rullinde. ~
fire boyde. ~ by closing in on mabbude.
catcher [kac0] n. kebbootoocfo,
categorize [kat0gowrayz] v. sifaade
fannuuji.
category [kat0gowri] n. fannu (o).
cater [keyt0] v. defande; sarwude yimbe
kew.
caterer [keyt0r0] /?. carwoowo yimbe kew.
caterpillar [katerpil0] n. samba tali,
cattle [kat0l] n. jawdi (ndi). ~ foodjamd&TQ
(nde). ~ market daral (ngal).
caught [kot] adj. jaggaacfo
causal [koz0l] adj. cabobincfum; ko faati e
sabaabu.
cause [koz] n. sabaabu (o).
cause [koz] v. sabobinde. ~ people to
quarrel rendinde. ~ to melt taaynude.
caution [kos0n] v. reentinde.
cautious [kos0s] adj. deentiicfo.
cave [keyv] n. ngaska (ka).
cavern [kav0n] n. ngaska mawka (ka).
cavity [kav0ti] n. yelde (nde)\ ngaska (ka).
cavort [kavot] v--. birgude.
cease [siyz] v. nattude; daraade. ~ to rain
siiltude. ~ fire n. dartingol hare/jeyli.
ceaseless [siyzles] adj. cfuumicfum; ko
nattataa.
cecum [siyk0m] n. jokkorde tekteki.
ceil [siyl] v. bilde (hubeere).
138
chalk
ceiler [siyl0] n. biloowo (o).
ceiling [siyli^] n. mbildi (ndi).
celebrate [sel0breyt] v. mawninde, noosde;
wuurtinde.
celebration [sel0breys0n] n. noos (o);
mawningol (ngol) celebrity [sel0briti]
n. lollugol (ngol).
celerity [sel0ri] n. yaawre (nde).
celestial [sel0sc0l] adj. ko faati e weeyo.
celibate [sel0b0t] n. necTcfo mo
resaani/resaaka.
cellar [sel0] n. faawru (ndu).
cement [s0ment] n. simaa (o); simol] (o).
cemetery [semetri] n. baamuule (de) ; cehe
(cfe).
cense [sens] v. urde.
censer [sens0] n. feere cuuraay.
censor [sens0] n. kocfoowo (o).
censorship [sens0sip] n. kuugal (ngal).
censure [sens0] v. hacfde.
census [sens0s] n. limoore yimbe.
cent [sent] n. taka (o).
centenarian [sent0neyry0n] adj. jom duubi
teemedere; teemodincfo.
centennial [sent0niy0l] adj. teemodincfo;
teemodinbe, ko teemodini.
center [sent0] n. hakkunde.
central [sentr0l] adj. ko faati e hakkunde.
centuple [sentyuwp0l] v. fiyde laabi
teemedere; teemodinde.
century [sentri] n. duubi teemedere.
cereal [siry0l] n. gawri (ndi).
cerebral [ser0br0l] adj. ko faati e ngaandi.
ceremony [ser0moni] n. dillere (nde).
certain [s0rt0n] adj. jananaacfo.
certes [sert] n. ko goonga.
certificate [s0rtifikeyt] n. sertifika (o).
certification [s0rtifikeys0n] n. ceedagol.
certify [s0rtifay] v. seedaade.
certitude [s0rtityuwd] n. huunde nde
necfcfo yananaa.
cessation [seseys0n] n. dartingol (ngol).
chagrin [s0grin] n. sunaare (nde).
chain [ceyn] v. tongude.
chain [ceyn] n. ceen (o): callal (ngal).
chair [ceyr] n. joocforde (nde).
chairman [ceyrm0n] n. gardiicfo (o).
chalk [cok] n. kare (o).
challenge
chicken

challenge [cal0nj] v, salaade. chase [ceys] v. terde; riddude, hubde v.;

challenger [cal0nj0] n. caliicfo (o); rewde ~. birds off fields hiwde. ~ birds
cippirteecfo (o). away hartude.
chamber [ceymb0] n. suudu (ndu). chaser [ceys0] n. diddoowo (o).
chameleon [kamely0n] n. doonoo (o). chasseur [sas0r] n. baanoowo (o).
champion [campy0n] n. poolcfo (o). chaste [ceyst] adj. laabcfo.
chance [cans] n. kawrugol been. chastise [c0stayz] v. lebtude; wacfde
change [ceynj] v. waylude; firtude. ~ hack kuugal.
waylitde. ~ oneself waylaade. ~ color chastity [cast0ti] n. laabal (ngal).
noordude. ~ into lattitaade. ~ shape chat [cat] n. yeewtere (nde). They are
boome. ~ places heedtude. ~ direction having a chat be ngoni ko e yeewtude.
aaltaade. ~ money weccude. chat [cat] v. yeewtude.
change [ceynj] u. weccit (o). I have no chatter [cat0] v. lebde.
change Mi alaa weccit.
chatterbox [cat0baks] n. leboowo (o).
changeable [ceynj0b0l] adj. baylottocfum, chatterer/7. [cat0r0] leboowo (o).
ko waylotoo.
chauffeur [sof0r] n. dognoowo oto.
channel [can0l] n. ceekol (ngol).
chaw [caw] v. Takkude.
chanson [sanson] n. jimol (ngdl).
cheap [ciyp] adj. beebcfum, ko weebi.
chant [cant] v. yimde. ~ the praises of
awlude. cheapen [ciyp0n] v. weebnude.
chanter [cant0] n. jimoowo (o). cheat [ciyt] v. wujjude.
chaos [kewos] n. jilbere (nde). cheater [ciyt0] n. gujjo (o).
chaotic [kewotik] adj. jilbucfum; ko faati e check [cek] v. Teewtaade.
jilbere. checkers [cek0z] n. cokki (di)\ woli (o).
chap [cap] ti. surga (o); sehil (o). cheek [ciyk] n. abugo (ngo)\ gabgal (ngal)-,
chapeau [sapo] n. laafa (ka). sekkere (nde).
character [karakt0] n. jikku (o); nehdi cheer [ciyr] v. weltinde; hoybinde sunaare.
(ndi). cheerful [ciyrful] adj. beltiicTo.
characterization n. sifaa (o). cheery [ciyri] adj. beltinoowo.
characterize [karakt0rayz] v. sifaade. cheetah [ciyt0h] n. cewngu (ngn).
charade [s0rad] n. ciftol (ngdl). chef [sef] n. defoowo (o).
charcoal [carkol] n. Tulbe (cfe)\ Tulmere cherish [ceris] v. horsinde.
(nde). cherished [cerisd] adj. korsucfo;
charge [carj] v. rimndude. ~ with the head korsinaacfo. he~ horsineede.
(used mainly for animals) hawde. he in ~ chess [ces] n. cokki (di).
of defaade; ardaade./r^^ of ~ Alla meho. chest [cest] n. becce (de). get something
charitable [carit0b0l] adj. karambure, off of one*s ~ yaltinde ko woni e bernde
kaaraysire. mum.
charity [car0ti] n. sadak (o). njelaari (ndi). chesty [cesti] adj. jom becce mawcfe.
give~ sakkaade chevy [sevi] adj. riddude.
charlatan [sarl0tan] n. bileejo (o); biloowo chew [cuw] V. Takkude. ~ the cud
(o). aactaade. ~ at Isolde,
charlatanism [sarl0tanizm] n. mbileew chew [cuw] n. Takkuru (ndu).
(ngii) chic [sik] adj. joocfcfo, ko yoocfi.
charm [cam] n. nawndogal (ngal), nombol chicane [s0keyn] v. fuuntude.
(ngdl)\ talkuru (ndu)\ lohol (ngdl) ~ for
chick [cik] n. sofru (ndu).
attraction bayre (nde).
chicken [cik0n] n. gertogal (ngal). ~ pox
charming [cOmig] adj. belcfo.
pimple samre (nde). ~ pox amumal
chary [cari] adj. deentiicfo. (ngal).
chase [ceys] n. riddo (ngo).

139
chide
chide [cayd] v. furaade; hartaade.
chief [ciyf] n. gardiicfo (o); jaarga (o);
amiiru (o); ardo (o); jamiroowo (o);
almaami (o).
child [cayld] n. kurka (o); suka (o); boobo
(o); bidcfo (o): cukalel (ngel). ~ gum
disease addo (ngo). little ~ wookoTere
(nde)\ bingel; cukayd (ngel). -hood
cukaagu (ngu).
childish [cayldis] adj. ko faati e golle
sukay'sukaabe.
children [cildran] n. sukaabe (de)', bibbe
(be).
chill [cil] n. buubol (ngdl).
chilly [cili] adj. buubcfum; ko buubi.
chimney [cimni] n. yaltirde cuurki.
chimpanzee [cimpanzi] n. deemooru (ndu)\
waandu (ndu).
chip [cip] ti. elal (ngal).
chippy [cipi] n. debbo pijoowo.
chirk [dark] v. weltinde.
chirp [carp] v. siikde.
chirping [carpip] n. siikaango (ngo).
chisel [cizal] v. taTde, meccude.
chisel [cizal] n. mecekke (cfe).
chitchat [cheat] n. yeewtere (nde).
chitter [cita] v. sinnude.
chocolate [cowklet] n. sokkola (o).
choice [coys] n. subngo (ngo)\ cubagol
(ngdl).
choke [cowk] v. cfecfcfaade, joomaade;
sondaade. ~ someone sondude, cfecfcfude,
fel]de.
choker [coka] n. cfecfcfoowo.
choose [cuwz] v. subaade; subde; labaade,
faltaade.
chop [cop] V. soppude; dottude; feTTude.
chopper [copa] n. peTToowo (o);
coppoowo (o).
chopping [copip] n. feXTere (nde).
chore [cowr] n. liggeey nder galle.
chosen [cowzan] adj. cubaacfo.
chow [caw] n. namri (ndi).
Christ [krayst] n. Annabi lisaa.
Christian [kriscan] adj. mo wonaa juulcfo.
chronic [kronik] adj. duumicfum;
jokkiefum; ko jokkii; ko duumii.
chronology [kranowlaji] n. kiisagol sahaa.
chum [cAm] n. gondiicfo e suudu; sehil.
140
clap
chump [cAmp] n. tunde (nde).
churn [cam] n. sumalle (o).
churn [cam] v, yonkude.
chute [sut] V. yande.
cicatrix [sikatriks] n. I]aacal battingal;
fesoode (nde).
cichlid [siklad] n. liingu (ngu).
cigar [siga] n. simme (o).
cigarette [sigaret] n. sigaret (o); simme (o).
circle [sarkal] n. lasal (ngal).
circle [sarkal] v. taaraade; lasde.
circumcise [sarkamsayz] v. haddinde;
boominde; duhde.
circumcised [sarkamsayz] adj. boomiicfo;
duhiiefo.
circumcision [sarkamciyzan] n. kaddingol
(ngdl), kaddinaagol, duhagol (ngdl).
person who performs ~ boomoowo;
kaddinoowo.
undergo ~ boomaade.
circumspect [sarkumspekt] adj. deentiicfo.
circumvent [sarkamvent] v. taaraade;
rewmde.
cite [sayt] v. lubaade kongol jananol;
limtude.
citizen [sitazan] n. bicfcfo leydi.
city [siti] n. wuro (ngo)
civet [sivet] n. ullundu ladde.
civic [sivik] n. ko faati e wuro.
civilian [sivilyan] n. siwil (o).
civilization [sivilazeysan] n. necfcfaagu
(ngi4)\ neesu (ngu).
clad [klad] adj. boomiicfo comci/comcol.
claim [kleym] v. lamndaade. ~ someone's
belongings happaade.
claimer [kleyma] n. lamndiicfo.
clairvoyance [klervoyans] n. peergol
(ngdl).
clairvoyant [klervoyant] adj. peercfo.
clam [klam] v. rendinde.
clamber [klama] v. l^aylude; Teel3de.
clamor [klama] n. dillere mawnde.
clan [klan] fedde (nde)\ hinde (nde).
clandestine [klandestan] adj. cuucfiicfo; ko
suucfii/suucfaa.
clannish [klanis] adj. ko faati e hinde.
clap [klap] V. hellude; fobbude.
clap [klap] n. hello (ngo).
clapper
clapper [kJapa] n. pobboowo (o).
clapping [klapig] n. kelle (cfe).
clarify [klarafay] v. laabtinde.
clarity [klaroti] n. laabal (ngal).
clash [klas] v. fiindirde; flibbondirde.
class [klas] n. kalaas (o).
classification [klasfikeysan] n. ceemdugol
(ngol).
classify [klas0fay] v. seemdude.
clavicle [klavOkyuwl] n. Tiyal walabo.
claw [klo] n. takkere (fide).
claw [klo] V. 13aafde; I]aacde
clay [kley] /?. bakkere (nde).
clean [kliyn] v. lawTude; labbinde. be ~
laabde. make ~ labbinde. ~ holes out
sukkitde. ~ one's mouth wufTaade.
cleaner [kliyna] //. lawToowo (o).
cleanliness [klenlines] n. laabal (ngal).
cleanse [klens] v, labbinde.
cleanser [klenz0] n. labbinoowo (o).
clear [cliyr] v. labbinde. ~ weeds duggude.
~ weeds a second time beytaade. ~ hush
for farming lewde ~ one's throat
umsinaade; haaktaade.
clearance [cliyr0ns] n. labbingol (ngol).
second ~ of weeds beyaat (o).
cleared [kliyrd] adj. laabcfum;
labbinaacfum. ~ land lewre (nde).
cleavage [kliyvij] n. seekoode (nde)', perol
(ngol)', ceemdugol (ngol).
cleave [kliyv] v, seekde; feecde; ferde
(laawol); soppude, eebde.
clemency [clem0nsi] n. yaafliya (o).
clement [klem0nt] adj. jaafotoocfo.
clench [klenc] v. mubbude, hamTude.
clerk [kl0rk] n. liggotoocfo (o).
clever [klev0] adj. ToTcfo.
click [klik] n. sabbitaango (ngo)',
cabbitaagol (ngol)', wowlaango (ngo).
click [klik] v. sabbitaade; wowlude.
client [klay0nt] n. kiliyan (o).
climate [klaymit] n. weeyo (ngo).
climatology [klaym0tol0ji] n. jangde
weeyo.
climb [klaym] v. 13abbude, Teel]de,
l^aylude. ~ with Teel]irde.
climber [kiaym0] n. I]ayloowo (o);
13abboowo, Teel^oowo (o).
climbing [klaymig] n. I3abbug61 (ngol).
141
cluck
cling [klig] V. takkaade e, heddaade e.
clingy [klinji] adj. takkicfum; takkiicfo; ko
takkii.
clinic [klinik] n. nokku safaara.
clinical [klinik0l] adj. ko faati e nokku
safaara.
clink [kligk] v. ser)lude; sil]linde.
clinker [kligk0] n. cil31inoowo (o).
clip [klip] V. taTde.
clipper [klip0] n. taToowo (o).
clique [kliyk] n. fedde (nde).
clitoris [klitowr0s] n. sobbundu (ndu).
cloak [klowk] n. comcol (ngol).
clobber [klob0] v. fiide.
clock [klok] n. montoor (o).
docker [klok0] n. deenoowo waktu.
clod [klad] n. boodde leydi.
clog [klag] V. sukkude.
close [klowz] V. uddude. ombude; sukkude,
hibbude. ~ tightly hokde; hibbude. ~ the
way to faddaade. ~ one's eyes
gumbinaade/wumbinaade.
close [klowz] adj. batticfum. he ~ to one
another badondirde. he ~ uddaade. make
~ badinde. he ~ to badaade; ballaade,
battaade, faandaade.
closer [klowzer] n. guddoowo (o).
closure [klowz0] n. uddugol (ngol).
clot [klot] V. hetde.
clot [klot] n. hecfcfere (nde).
cloth [klo6] n. comcol (ngdl)', bagi (o);
tekkere (nde). ~ for tying a child on one's
hack bambu (ngu).
clothe [klow6] v. holtinde.
clothing [klowSir)] n. comci (cfi)', comcol
(ngdl). strip of ~ lefol (ngol)', tekkere
(tide), remove someone's ~ boorde.
remove one's ~ boortaade, own many
pieces of ~ holtude.
cloud [klawd] n. ruulde (nde)', suurndu
(ndu)', guttere (nde). ~s forming prior to
rain Tiiwoonde (nde).
cloudy [klawdi] adj. Tiiwcfum; ko Tiiwi. ~
weather niiwre (tide)', Tiiwoonde (nde).
clove [klowv] n. kobjal (ngal)', nguru (ngu).
club [klAb] n. 1) sawru (ndu)', booldu (ndu)
2) fedde (nde).
clubber [klAb0] n. piyoowo (o).
cluck [klAk] V. sabbitaade, herde.
cluster
cluster [klAsto] ti. endu (ndu). ~ of fruit
singoore (nde)\ endu (tidu).
clutter [klAta] v. sarde.
co-wife [kowayf] ii. nawliraacfo (o). pi.
nawliraabe (be).
coach [kowc] v. janginde; ekkinde.
coach [kowca] /?. janginoowo (o);
ekkinoowo (o).
coagulate [kowagyaleyt] v. fendaade.
coal [kowl] n. Tulbe (cfe)\ Tulmere (tide).
coalesce [kowales] v. yantude, reentude,
yantondirde; naatondirde.
coalition [kow0liys8n] n. jantondiral (tigal).
coarse [kors] adj. neetaro.
coast [kowst] 11. fongo (tigo).
coax [kowks] v. eeltude.
cob [kob] ti. Tuulde (tide).
cobble [kobal] v. cfakkude (e.g pacfe).
cobbler [kobla] ti. cfakkoowo (o).
cobweb [kobweb] ti. geesa njamala.
cock [kok] fi. ngori (o).
cockle [kokal] n. honoldu (ndu).
cockroach [kokroc] ti. somre (tide)\
mbootu (tigii).
cocky [koki] adj. ToTcfo, peercfo.
coddle [kodal] v. bewnude; fasnude.
code [kowd] ti. laawol (ngol). go against
the~ luutndaade
coerce [kowers] v. waawnude.
coercion [kow0rs0n] n. baawnugol (ngol).
coff [kof] V. soodde; dande.
coffee [kowfi] n. kafe (de).
coffer [kowf0] n. wakande (nde)\ moftirde
(tide).
coffin [kofin] ti. balankaar (o).
cogitate [kowj0teyt] v. miijaade.
cogitation [kowj0teys0n] ti. miijagol (ngol).
cognition [cogniys0n] ti. gandal (tigal).
cognizance [kogn0z0ns] //. gandal (ngal).
cohabit [kowhabit] v. hocfdude.
cohere [kowhiyr] v. yubbude; rendude.
coherent [kowhiyr0nt] adj. jubbucfum; ko
yubbi, ko rendi.
cohesion [cowhiy30n] ti. jubbugol (ngol).
coincidence [koyns0dens] ti. kawrital
(tigal).
142
combination
cola nut [kowl0nAt] ti. woroore (tide), half
of a ~ t]addo (ngo)\ felso (ngo)-, felsitere
(tide).
cold [kowld] ti. 1) jaangol (ngdl)\ buubol
(ngol). 2) mabbo (ngo). be ~ again
buubtude, be ~ jaangde, buubde. have a
~ mabbeede; haakeede. ~ weather
jaangol (tigdl).feel ~ jaangeede.
colic [kolik] ti. reedu muusooru; reedu
dogooru.
collaborate [kolab0reyt] v. wallondirde.
collaboration [kolab0reys0n] ti. ballondiral
(tigal).
collapse [kolaps] v. fukkaade.
collar [kola] ti. cakka (ka)
collateral [k0lat0r0l] adj. ko heedi sara.
colleague [koliyg] n. liggodiicfo.
collect [kolekt] v. rendinde. ~ fireivood
teende.
collection [koleks0n] ti. dendigol. ~ of
fireyvood teenol (tig6l)\ teengol (ngol)
collector [kolekt0] ti. dendinoowo (o).
college [kolij] ti. jangirde (tide)\ ducfal
(tigal).
collide [kolayd] v. flibbondirde.
collision [k0liy30n] ti. aksida (o);
pubbondiral (tigal).
collocate [kol0keyt] v. yahdude.
collude [kolyuwd] v. rendude maakaa;
wacfdude jungo e faandu.
colon [kowl0n] ti. tobbe cficfi (;).
colonial [kolowny0l] adj. ko faati e jiimde.
colonize [kol0nayz] v. jiimde.
colony [kol0ni] ti. leydi njiimaandi.
color [kol0] V. noorde. ~ blue bulde.
color [kol0] ti. noordi (tidi).
colorful [kol0rf0l] adj. ko yoodj; joocfcfum.
colossal [k0los0l] adj. mawcfo;
mawnucfum; ko mawni.
colt [kowlt] ti. mola (ba).
column [kowlum] n. lappol (ngol).
comb [kom] ti. yeesoode (tide).
comb [kom] v. yeesde. ~ one's hair
yeesaade.
combat [komb0t] v. habde; habeede.
combat [komb0t] ti. hare (tide), kareeli (di)
pi
combination [komb0neys0n] ti. dendingol
(gol).
combine
combine [kombayn] v. rendinde.
combustible [komb8st9b0l] adj.
hubbata; kubbojum.
combustion [kombAscSn] /;. kubbugol.
come [kam] v. arde; yettaade. ~ down
jooraade, jippaade ~ down heavily
doTTaade. ~ out of a hiding place
moggitaade. ~ for arande. ~ out of solde.
~ out wucfcfude. ~ from iwde. ~ by way
of iwrude. ~ with ardude. ~ out (color)
wukkude. - from iwde. ~ up to surface
suppitaade. ~ up fiicfde. ~ up again
flidtude. ~ out wuftude; flilfitde.
comedian [komiyjan] n. jalnoowo (o).
comer [kom9] n. garoowo (o).
comestible [k9mest9b9l] adj. ko naametee.
comfortable [komf9t9b9l] adj.
feewnitii; peewnitiicfo.
comic [komik] adj. jalniicfo; jalnicfum; ko
jalnii.
comma [kowm9] n. poofirgel (ngel).
command [komand] v. hoonaade, ardaade.
commemorate [kom9m9reyt] v. mawninde.
commence [komens] v. fucfcfaade.
commend [komend] v. jaarde.
comment [koment] n. haala (ka).
commentary [komentri] n. paccirgol
(ngol).
commerce [kom9rs] n. julankaagal (tigal).
commercial [kom9rs9l] adj. ko faati e
julankaagal.
commercialize [kom9rs9layz] v. yeeyde.
commiserate [komis9reyt] v. rendude e
necfcfo sunaare.
commission [komiys9n] n. yamiroore (nde).
commisioner [komiys9n9] /?. kumaandal]
(o).
commit [komit] v. wacfde.
committee [komitiy] n. deental
joocfotoongal, deental cubangal.
commix [komiks] v. rendinde.
commodity [k9mowditi] n. marsandiis.
common [kam9n] adj. dendacfum; ko
rendaa.
commune [komyuwn] v. haalde; yeewtude.
communicate [komyuwn9keyt]
haaldude; jokkondirde.
communication [komyun9keys9n]
kaaldigal jokkondiral (ngal).
comprehend
community [komyuwn9ti] n. yimbe
ko wuurdube.
commutation [k9myuwteys9n] /?. gostagol
(ngol).
commute [k9myuwt] v. waylude.
compact [k9mpakt] adj. ko rendi.
companion [k9mpany9n] n. gondiicfo;
jahdiicfo.
company [k9mp9ni] n. gondiicfo (o).part-
seertude.
compare [k9mpeyr] v. fondude; nawdude.
comparison [k9mpar9s9n] n. pondugol.
compassion [k9mpas9n] n. yurmeende.
compatible [k9mpat9b9l] adj. ko yahdi; ko
yahdata.
compel [k9mpel] v. waawnude.
ko
compensate [k9mp9nseyt] v. yobde.
compensation [k9mp9nseys9n] //. njobdi.
compete [k9mpiyt] v. foolondirde,
foocfondirde.
competence [komp9t9ns] n. gandal (ngal)-,
mbaawka (ka).
competition [k9mp9tiys9n] n. poocfondiral.
compile [k9mpayl] v. rendinde.
complain [k9mpleyn] v. wullitaade.
complaint [k9mpleynt] n. gullitaagol
(ngdl), goytagol (ngol).
complete [k9mpliyt] v. gasnude, timminde,
tollitde; tollitaade.
completely [k9mpliytli] adv. tulel].
completeness [k9mpliytnes] n. timmal
(ngal).
complex [k9mpleks] adj. cacfcfum; ko sacfi.
complexion [k9mpleks9n] n. noordi
necfcfo.
compliance [k9mplay9ns] n. cfowtagol.
complicate [k9mpl9keyt] v. sacfnude.
compliment [k9mplim9nt] n. njettoor (o).
comply [k9mplay] v. cfowtaade, rewde.
component [k9mpown9nt] n. gecfal
jeyangal e.
compose [k9mpowz] v. wallifaade.
composition [k9mp9zis9n] n. ballifaagol,
mahgol (ngdl).
composure [k9mpow39] n. deeTre (nde).
v.
compound [k9mpawnd] n. hocforde (nde)-,
galle (o).
n.
comprehend [k9mpr9hend] v. faamde.
143
comprehension
comprehension [k9mpr9hens9n] n.
faamaamuya.
comprehensive [k9mpr9hensiv] adj. ko
rendini ko heewi.
compress [k9mpres] v. noTTude.
comprise [k9mprayz] v. reentude.
compromise [k9mpr9mayz] v. accondirde.
comrade [komrad] n. sehil (o)
con [kon] v. jangude.
con [kon] n. luutndiicfo.
concatenate [k9nkat9neyt] v. sel^ondirde.
concatenation [k9nkat9neys9n] n.
cel36ndiral (ngal).
concave [k9nkeyv] adj. nacfcficfcfum; ko
nacfcficfi.
conceal [k9nsiyl] v. suucfde.
concede [k9nsiyd] v. jabde.
conceit [k9nsiyt] v. miijaade.
conceit [k9nsiyt] n. miijo (ngo).
conceive [k9nsiyv] v. miijaade.
concentrate [kons9ntreyt] v. wacftude
hakkille; fendude.
concentration [kons9ntreys9n] ti. battugol
hakkille e.
concept [k9nsept] n. annama (o); miijo
(fJgo).
concern [k9ns9rn] n. hammu (o); haaju (o);
woTa (o). That should not be your
concern cfum wonaa haaju maa.
concerned [k9ns9md] adj. goTaacfo.
concert [k9ns9rt] v. diisnondirde; fewjude.
conciliate [k9ns9lyeyt] v. welditinde.
conciliator [k9ns9lyeyt9] n. bdditinoowo.
concise [k9nsayz] adj. jubbucfum; ko
yubbi.
conclude [k9nkluwd] v. joofnude; gasnude.
conclusive [k9kluwziv] adj. joofcfum; ko
joofi.
concoct [k9nkat] v. fewjude.
concord [k9nkord] /;. kawral (ngal),
jubbugol (ngdl).
concordance [k9nkord9ns] n. kawral
jubbugol (ngdl).
concordant [k9nk9rd9nt] adj. kawrucfum,
jubbucfum; ko hawri.
concourse [k9nkos] n. deental (ngal).
concrete [k9nkriyt] adj. goodcfum; ko
woodi.
concubine [k9nk9ayn] n. taara (o).
144
confused
concur [konk9r] v. hawrude; yubbude.
concurrence [k9nk9r9ns] n. nanodiral
(ngal).
condemn [k9ndem] v. felde.
condensate [k9ndenseyt] v. fendude.
condense [k9ndens] v. rabbicfinde.
condisciple [k9nd9sayp9l] n. jangidiicfo.
condition [k9ndiys9n] n. sarcfi (o).
conditional [k9ndiys9n9l] adj. ko faati e
sarcfi.
condole [k9ndowl] v. duwanaade; rendude
e necfcfo sunaare.
condolence [k9nd9l9ns] n. duwaawu (o).
condone [k9ndown] v. wonande; jingande;
yaafaade.
conduce [k9ndyuws] v. jibinde; addude.
conduct [k9ndAkt] n. nehdi (ndi).
conductor [k9ndAkt9] n. gardiicfo (o).
confabulate [k9nf9byuwleyt] v. yeewtude.
confect [k9nfekt] v. feewnude.
confederate [k9nf9d9reyt] v. reentude.
confederation [k9nf9d9reys9n] n. deental
(ngal).
conference [k9nf9r9ns] n. deental (ngal)',
gostondiral hakkillaaji.
confess [k9nfes] v. haaltude.
confide [k9nfayd] v. hoolaade; haalande
necfcfo sirru mum.
confidence [k9nfid9ns] n. hoolaare (fide).
confident [k9nfid9nt] adj. kooliicfo.
confidential [k9nfid9ns9l] adj. ko faati e
sirru.
confine [k9nfayn] v. haacfnude.
confirm [k9nf9rm] v. teefjtinde.
confirmation [k9nf9meys9n] n. teerjtingol
(ngdl).
confiscate [k9nfiskeyt] v. hebtude.
conflict [k9nflikt] n. luural (ngal)', hare
(nde).
conflicting [k9nfliktig] adj. luutondircfum;
ko luutoondiri.
confluence [k9nfluw9ns] n. kawrital (ngal).
conform [k9nform] v. rewde.
confound [k9nfawnd] v. jiibde.
confrere [k9nfrer] n. liggodiicfo (o).
confront [konfr9nt] v. wultinde.
confuse [k9nfyuwz] v. jiibde.
confused [k9nfyuwzd] adj. kawjucfo.
confusion
confusion [kaniyuwz0n] n. jiibru (ndu).
confute [kanfyuwt] v. fennude.
congeal [kanjiyl] v. fendaade; fendude.
congelation [kanjaleysan] n. pendagol
(ngdl).
congest [kanjest] v. burtinde; nukkondirde.
conglomerate [kagglomareyt] v. rendinde.
conglutinate [ka^glutaneyt] v.
cfakkondirde.
congratulate [kaggracaleyt] v. yettude.
congratulation ii. njettoor (o).
congregate [kaggrageyt] v. reentude.
congregation [kaggrageysan] /?. deental
(ngal).
congruity [ka^gruwati] n. kawral (ngal).
conjoin [kanjoyn] v. rendinde.
conjugal [kanjuwgal] adj. ko faati e
dewgal.
conjunctivitis ti. naw gite.
conjuration [kanjareysan] n. duwaawu
(o): cappagol (ngdl).
conjure [kanjuwr] v. dabaade; liggaade.
connect [kanekt] v. jokkondirde,
sel^ondirde.
connection [kaneksan] n. jokkondiral
(ngal).
connective [kanektiv] adj. jokkojum, ko
jokkata.
connector [kanekta] n. jokkoowo (o).
connivance [kanivans] n. maakaa.
conquer [ko^ka] v. foolde; honde.
conqueror [koqkara] n. poolcTo (o).
conquest [konkwest] n. poolgol (ngdl).
consanguinity [konsaqgwinati] n. jiidigal
(ngal), bandiraagal (ngal).
conscience [konsans] n. pinal (ngal)\ gandal
(ngal).
consciousness [konsasnas] n. gandal
(ngal).
consecutive [konsekyativ] adj.
cfewondircfum; ko rewondiri.
consensus [kansensas] n. pottal (ngal);
kawral (ngal), ahdi (o).
consent [kansent] v. jabde.
consequence [konsakwens] n. wattan.
conservation [kanzarveyzan] n.
mooftugol.
conserve [konsarv] v. mooftude.
consider [kansida] v. miijaade.
145
contemporary
considerable [kansidabal] adj.
mawnucfum; jaajcfum; ko mawni.
consideration [kansidareysan] n. miijo
(ngo)-, wune (o).
console [kansowl] v. deYTinde; yeTde.
consolidate [kansaladeyt] v. tiicfnude.
consolidation [kansaladeysan] n. tiicftingol
(ngdl).
consonance [kansanans] n. kawral (ngal).
consonant [kansanant] n. alkulal (ngal).
consort [kansart] n. jom galle/suudu.
conspiracy [kanspirasi] n. maakaa (o).
conspire [kanspaya] v. fewjande.
constant [kanstant] adj. ko waylaaki.
constellate [kanstaleyt] v. nukkondirde.
constellation [kanstaleysan] n. koode
nukondircfe.
consternate [konstameyt] v, najnude.
consternation [konstaneysan] n. najoore
(nde).
constipated [konstapeytid] adj. ceeraacfo;
gonducfo e seero.
constipation [konstapeysan] n. seero
(figo).
constituency [konstacawansi] n. yimbe
nokku; nokku.
constitution [konstatyuwsan] n. laabi leydi.
constrain [kanstreyn] v. waawnude, hacfde.
constrict [kanstrikt] v. t6I]nude; leeltinde.
construct [kanstrAkt] v. mahde.
construction [kanstrAksan] n. mahdi (ndi)-,
mahngo (ngo).
construe [kanstruw] v. firde; faamde.
consult [kansAlt] v. diisnaade.
consultant [kansAltant] n. diisniicfo (o).
consumable [kansyuwmabal] adj. ko
naametee.
consume [kansyuwm] v. naamde.
consummate [kansyuwmeyt] v. gasnude,
feewnude.
contact [kantakt] n. memondiral (ngal).
contagion [kantey3an] n. daabgol, raabo.
contagious [kanteyjas] n. daabojum, ko
raabata.
contain [kanteyn] v. wonde e nder.
contemplate [kontampleyt] v. yeebde.
contemporary [kantempareri] adj. ko faati
e jooni.
contempt
contempt [k0ntempt] n. cfuurtagol (ng6l)\
ufnagol (ngdi).
contemptuous [kQntempcas] adj. gancfo.
contend [kantend] v. foocfondirde.
content [k0ntent] ti. weltaare (tide).
contentious [k0ntens0s] adj.
poocfondirteecfo.
contentment [k0ntentm0nt] ii. weltaare
(tide).
contest [kantest] v. hakde, salaade.
contestation [kantasteysan] ti. salaare
(tide).
contested [kantestad] adj. calaacfo, ko
salaa.
contiguity [kantagwiti] ti. jokkondiral
(tigal).
contiguous [kantiygiwas] adj.
jokkondircfum; ko jokkondiri.
continence [kontanans] ti. heytaare (tide).
contingency [kontanjansi] ti. fawaare
(tide).
contingent [kantenjant] adj. pawicfum e;
ko fawii e.
continual [kantinyal] adj. jokkicfum; ko
jokkii.
continually [kantinyali] adv. jokkicfum; ko
jokkii; ko duumii.
continue [kontinyuw] v. jokkude.
continuity [kantanwiti] ti. jokkondiral
(tigal).
continuous [kantanyus] adj. jokkicfum; ko
jokkii.
contort [kantot] v. haaTde.
contra [kantra] ti. luutndicfo (o).
contraceptive [kantraseptiv] adj. ko
hacfata reedu.
contract [kantrakt] ti. ahdi (o).
contradict [kontradikt] v. yeddude.
contradiction [kontradiksan] ti. geddi (di).
contrary [kontrari] adj. luutndicfum; ko
luutndii.
contrast [kantrast] v. luutndaade.
contrastive [kantrastiv] adj. ko luutndii.
contravene [kontraviyn] v. luutndaade.
contravention [kontravensan] ti.
luutndagol (tigol)
contribute [kontrabyuwt] v. fiide.
contrive [kantrayv] v. fewjude.
control [kantrowl] v. reende; heytaade.
146
cooperation
controller [kantrowla] ti. Teewtotoocfo.
controversy [kontravarsi] ti. luural (tigal).
contumacy [kantyuwmasi] ti. murtugol.
contusion [kantyuwzan] ti. buutdi (tidi).
conundrum [kanandrAm] ti. ciftol (tigol).
convalescent [kanvalesant] adj. camorcfo;
camoranaacfo.
convalesce [kanvales] v. samorde,
samoraneede.
convene [kanviyn] v. reentude.
convenient [kanviynyant] adj. jubbucfum;
peewcfum; ko yubbi, ko feewi; ko
feewnitii.
convention [kanvensan] ti. deental;
nanondiral.
converge [kanvarj] v. hawrude.
convergence [kanvarjans] ti. kawral (tigal).
conversation [konvarseysan] ti. yeewtere
(tide).
conversational [konvaseysan] adj. ko faati
e yeewtere.
converse [kanvars] v. yeewtude.
conversion [konvar3an] ti. baylagol (tigol)',
gostagol (tigol).
convert [kanvart] v. tuubde; waylaade,
wostaade.
convey [kanvey] v. yettinde; nawde.
conveyor [kanveya] ti. nawoowo; ko
nawata.
convict [kanvikt] adj. tooncfo.
convince [kanvins] v. cfahde
convive [kanviyv] ti. naamdiicfo.
convoke [kanvowk] v. noddude.
convoy [kanvoy] v. reende.
convulsion [kanvAlsan] ti. karlagol (tigol)',
muusu (o).
cook [kuk] ti. defoowo (o).
cook [kuk] V. defde. ~ slightly waYTinde.
~ with defrude; defirde. - for defande.
cooked [kukt] adj. cfefacfum, benducfum.
he ~ improperly hirde (used for fish).
cooker [kuka] ti. masil] defoowo.
cooking [kukig] ti. ndefli (tigii). - oil
diwlin (o). ~pot barme (o); fayande (tide).
cool [kuwl] V. buubnude; deeTnude.
cooler [kuwla] ti. nokku buubnoowo.
cooperate [kowpareyt] v. walloondirde.
cooperation [kowpareysan] ti. ballondiral
(tigal).
coordinate
coordinate [kowrdaneyt] v. rendinde.
cope [kowp] V. wacfdude been; tiicfnaade.
copier [kowpiya] n. baanjittoocfo (o).
copious [kowpyas] adj. ko heewi,
keewcfum.
copula [kowpyuwla] n. ko rendinta.
copulate [kowpyuwleyt] v. hoowde,
yiindirde.
copy [kopi] V. waanjitaade.
cord [kod] n. boggol (ngdl), doggol (ngol).
~ for guiding an animal ginol (ngol).
cordial [kojal] adj. belcfo TiiYam.
cordon [kordan] n. bogol (ngol).
cork [kok] n. sukkoode (nde).
cork [kok] v. sukkude.
corn [kon] n. makka (o)
corner [kona] v. jookde.
corner [kOna] n. lobbudu (ndu)\ jookdu
(ndu)\ tonkol] (o).
cornered [konad] adj. jookaacfo.
cornering [konarii]] adj. jooko (ngo).
cornet [kornet] n. liital (ngal).
cornstalk [konstok] n. gawTal (ngal)\
gombal (ngal).
corporal [koparal] adj. ko faati e bandu.
corpse [korps] n. kabbale, maaycfo (o).
corpulence [korpyuwlans] n. doole (cfe) ;
sembe (o).
corpulent [korpyuwlant] adj. doolnucfo,
cembincfo.
corrade [koreyd] v. rosaade, 13eemtaade.
correct [korekt] v. feewnitde.
correction [koreksan] n. peewnitgol (gol).
corrector [korekta] n. peewnitoowo (o).
correlate [kowrileyt] v. naatnaattondirde.
correlation [kowraleysan]
naatnaattondiral (ngal).
correspond [korespQnd] v. jokkondirde,
windondirde
correspondence [karespandans]
bindondiral (ngal).
corroborate [karowbareyt] v. sembinde;
teeT]tinde.
corroboration [karowbareysan]
teel]ting61; cembingol (ngdl).
corrode [karowd] v. l^eemtaade.
corrosion [karow3an] n. I]eemtag61 (ngdl).
corrugate [karageyt] v. norbolinde.
courtly
corrupt [karApt] v. yeende.
corrupt [karApt] adj. jeeneteecfo; mo
feewaani.
corvee [korve] n. gollal ngal Alla meho.
cosmic [kozmik] adj. ko faati e weeyo.
cosmology [kozmowloji] n. jangde weeyo.
cosmopolitan [kozmowpalitan] adj.
kubtodincfum.
cosset [koset] v. bewnude.
cost [kost] n. coggu (nga).
costly [kostli] adj. cadcfum; ko tiicfi.
cottage [katij] n. hubeere tokosere.
cotton [katan] n. wiro (ko) ~ thread geese
(cfe). --field liige (nge). - seed wiTTere
(nde).
couch [kawc] n. leeso (ngo).
cough [kof] V. cfojjude.
cough [kof] n. cfojjere (nde)
council [kawnsal] n. deental (ngal).
counsel [kawnsal] v. toppitaade; waajaade.
counselor [kawnsala] n. toppitiicfo (o):
baajotoocfo (o).
count [kawnt] n. limoore (nde).
count [kawnt] v. limde ~ again limtaade.
countable [kawntabal] adj. limotoocfum;
ko limotoo.
countenance [kawntanans] n. mbaadi;
yeeso.
countenance [kawntanans] n. deeYre
(nde).
counter [kawnta] n. kontuwaar
country [kAntri] n. leydi (ndi).
county [kawnti] n. nokku (o); yimbe
nokku.
couple [kApal] v. rendinde,
couple [kApal] n. cficfi.
n.
coupler [kapla] n. dendinoowo.
coupon [kyuwpon] n. taTatinde.
courage [karij] n. tiicfnaare (nde), cuusal
n. (ngal).
courageous [kareyjas] adj. cuuscfo.
courier [kuriye] n. nelaacfo; nulaacfo.
course [kos] v. tiindaade; huccude.
n. court [kot] V. satde; gerde
court [kot] n. naaworde (nde)
courtesy [kartasi] n. nehdi moTTiri.
courtier [kurce] n. batilo (o).
courtly [kotli] adj. nehiicfo.
147
courtship crocodile

courtship [kotsip] ti. sorbo (ngo). crayon [kreyon] n. kiriyol] (o).

courtyard [kotyod] n. boowal galle. craze [kreyz] v. feecde.
couscous [kuskus] n. lacciri (ndi). ~ grain crazy [kreyzi] adj. kaangaacfo; ustiicfo.
wormbolde (nde). creak [kriyk] v. biicde.
cousin [kazin] n. dencfiraacfo (o); creak [kriyk] n. 1) biicaango (ngo)-, biicgol
baabiraado (o). first ~ bii (ngol) 2) caacfngol (ngol).
minum/mawnum yumma.
cream [kriym] n. ketungol (ngol)-, kerem
couteau [kuto] n. labi (ki). ro/
covenant [kovnant] n. ahdi (o). crease [kriys] v. norbolinde.
cover [kova] n. hippoode (nde)-, omboode create [kryeyt] n. tagde. - simultaneously
(nde)-, suddaare (nde)-, mbecfu (ngu). take tagdude.
~ sudaade. creation [kryeysan] n. windere (nde)-,
cover [kava] v. hippude; suddude; muurde; tagoore (nde).
buumde. ~ seeds with sand wekkude. ~ creator [kryeyra] n. tagoowo (o).
with dust ullude. ~ with leather aalde. ~
creature [kriyca] n. innama aadee (o):
one's head muurnaade. ~ the mouth
muumantel (ngel)-, aadee.
mubbude; suumde. - oneself tucfcfaade. ~
oneself suddaade. ~ with cloth mojde. ~ credible [kredibal] adj. koolaacfo.
with sand irde. credit [kredit] n. hoolaare (nde)-, namaande
covert [kowvart] adj. cuucficfum; ko (nde).
suucfii; ko suucfaa. creditor [kredita] n. namloowo (o).
covet [kovat] V. hirde; yicfde kaake janane. creed [kriyd] n. cappagol (ngol)-, duwaawu
coveter [kovata] n. kiroowo (o); kircfo (o). (o).
cow [kaw] n. nagge (nge); haange (nge); creek [kriyk] n. caacfngol (ngol).
jebe (nge): sone (nge). ~ jaane (de) creep [kriyp] v. sorde, ladde. - along
coward [kawad] adj. kulcfo reedu. bodde.
cowardice [kawadis] n. kulol reedu. creeper [kriypa] n. ladoori (ndi).
co-wife [kowayf] n. nawliraacfo. cremate [krimeyt] v. sumde; duppude.
cowlick [kawlik] n. atturu. crepitate [krepiteyt] v. fettude.
cowrie [kawri] n. wujo (ngo). -shell crescent [kresant] n. lewru dariindu.
seedere (nde). crest [krest] n. jubudu (ndu)-, tolluru (ndu)-,
coy [koy] adj. nuggaro. gee] 61 (ngol).
crack [krak] n. gewol (ngol), I]addere cretin [kratin] n. puuycfo (o).
(nde). crew [kruw] n. yimbe liggotoobe.
crack [krak] v. feecde; feecaade; I]addude. crib [krib] n. ndacfcfudi cukalel.
craft [kraft] n. mbaawka (ka)-, gandal cricket [kriket] n. tenkere (nde).
(ngal), neehal (ngal). crier [kraya] n. goyoowo (o): jeeynoowo
craftsman [kraftsman] n. liggortoocfo (o). - cry luukgol (ngdl), eewnagol
juucfe mum; neeno (o). (ngol)-, wulaango (ngo).
cram [kram] v. hebbinde; hoofde; hookde, crime [kraym] n. toonange (nge); aTTiiba
bittondirde. (o); bonande (nde).
cramp [kramp] n. jaacfre (nde) criminal [kriminal] adj. ko faati e bonande.
crap [krap] n. jaane (cfe) ; kuudi (ndi). crimp [krimp] v. sowde; nongude.
crash [kras] v. monhude, cripple [kripal] adj. laToowo; boofo.
crate [kreyt] n. wakande (nde). crippled [kripald] adj. boofo
crave [kreyv] v. naagaage. - for tuuyeede; critic [kritik] adj. loskoowo; Teewtotoocfo.
yicfde. criticize [kritasayz] v. Idskude.
crawl [krowl] v. ladde. crochet [krowse] n. 161]du (ndu).
crawler [krOwla] n. ladoowo (o). crocodile [krowkadayl] n. nooroo (o).
crawling [krawli^] n. ladol (ngol).

148
croft
croft [kraft] /?. sardit]I]e (o); gesel (ngel).
crook [kruwk] u. ooniicfo (o).
crooked [kruked] adj. ooniicfo; oonicfum.
croon [kruwn] yimde; guunde.
crop [krop] n. conaandi (ndi).
cropper [krop0] n. demoowo (o).
cross [kros] v. taccude; lumbude, Tal3aade.
~ one's legs while sitting ferlaade. ~ off
momtude.
cross [kros] n. celi.
crossbow [krosbaw] u. laanal (ngal).
crossing [krosig] n. lumbal (ngal).
crouch [krawc] v. hofaade.
crow [kraw] v. joggude.
crow [kraw] n. joggaango (ngo).
crowd [krawd] n. yimbe heewbe.
crucify [kruwsafay] v. warde hono warngo
Annabi lisaa.
crude [kruwd] adj. keccicrcfum; ko
bendaani; ko waylaaka.
crudity [kruwdati] /?. huunde heccicfnde.
cruel [kruwl] adj. boncfo; nangucfo.
crumble [krAmbal] v. monnaade.
crumb [krAm] n. taTatinde.
crumple [krAmpal] v. hamTude.
crunch [krAnc] v. Takkude.
crusade [kruwseyd] n. pellugol diine.
crusade [kruwseyd] v. fellude diine.
crush [krAs] v. monnude, bojjude. ~ up
loppude. ~ tobacco in one's palm
ormaade. ~ into pieces again mornitde.
crushed [krAst] adj. ko loppaa; loppaacfo,
loppacfum; monnaacfo; monnacfum,
cokkaacfo, cokkacfum.
cry [kray] v. woyde; Terde; Tekkitde,
luucfde (dog); puunde (hyena),
cub [kAb] n. bingel (ngel).
cud [kAd] n. aaTtere (nde).
cuddle [kAdol] v. hibbondirde.
cuddy [kAdi] n. cuurel nder laana.
cuff [kAf] V. fiide hello,
cuisine [kwiysiyn] n. ndefu (ngu)\ waan (o);
defirde (nde).
cul-de-sac [kAldasak] n. laawol ngol
yulaani.
cull [kAl] V. subaade.
culminate [kAlmaneyt] v. hebde cebtam.
culpable [kAlpabal] adj. tooncfo.
149
custody
culprit [kAlprit] adj. tooncfo.
cult [kAlt] n. bori (o).
cultivate [kAlt9veyt] v. remde.
cultivation [kAltiveys9n] n. ndemri (ndi).
cultivator [kAltiveyt9] n. demoowo (o).
cultural [kAlc9r9l] adj. ko faati e neesu.
culture [kAlc9] n. neesu (ngu).
cumber [kAmb9] v. haljinde.
cumbersome [kAmb9s9m] adj. ko haljinta.
cumulate kyuwmy9leyt] v. fawondirde;
joowondirde.
cumulus [kyuwmy9l9s] //. ruulde (nde).
cunning [kAnip] n. ToTre (nde), gandal
(ngal).
cup [kAp] n. koppu (o). It is not my cup of
tea cfum wona ko am.
cupidity [kyuwpid9ti] n. tiicfgol jungo.
curable [kyuwr9b9l] adj. ko safrotoo.
curative [kyuwr9tiv] adj. cafrojum; ko
safrata.
curd [k9rd] n. kosam lammucfam; kosam
pendacfam.
cure [kyuwr] v. safrude; sellinde. ~ by body
contact hokondirde.
curious [kyury9s] adj. jicfcfo andude.
curl [k9rl] v. hofde. ~ up noofaade.
currency [k9r9nsi] n. kaalis (o).
current [k9r9nt] n. teere (nde)\ waraango
(f^go).
currently [k9r9ntli] adv. jooni.
currish [k9ris] adj. nangucfo.
curse [k9rs] v. Tettaade; hucfde.
curse [k9rs] n. Tettore (nde), kucfdi (ndi).
cursed [k9rst] adj. kiitaacfo, kucfaacfo.
curt [k9rt] adj. dabbo; ko rabbicfi.
curtail [k9rteyl] v. rabbicfinde.
curtain [k9rt9n] n. rido (o).
curtsy [k9rtsi] n. diccagol (ngol).
curve [k9rv] v. oonde.
curved [k9rvd] adj. kogicfum, oonicfum.
cushion [kAs9n] n. talla (o); ngaflaari (ndi)
cushy [kusi] adj. beebcfum; ko weebi; ko
wdi.
custodian [kAstowj9n] //. deenoowo (o).
custody [kAst9di] n. deengol (ngdl)\
ndeenka (ka). He is in custody Ko o
jaggaacfo.
custom
custom [kAstam] n. neesu Oigu)\ jikku (o);
aada (o).
customary [kAst9m0ri] adj. ko faati e
neesu.
customer [kAstama] /?. kiliyaan (o);
coodoowo (o).
customs [kAstamz] n. duwaan.
cut [kAt] V. taTde, soppude. ~ oneself
accidentally cfeecfaade. ~ with a sickle
wafde ~ up seelde. ~ meat into strips.
siirtude ~ fish into parts, ande ~
someone's ear fanaade. ~ open
waaftude. ~ a splinter sarfude. ~ into
strips seelde ~ grass wubbude, hesde.
150
cyst
cut [kAt] taTande (nde), taTre (nde)\
soppande (nde)\ cfeecfol (ngdl)\ eebol
(ngol).
cute [kyuwt] adj. joocfdo.
cutler [kAtla] n. peewnoowo paakaaji;
jeeyoowo paakaaji.
cutlet [kAtlet] n. taTande (nde).
cutoff [kAtaf] n. taTande (nde).
cutter [kAta] n. taToowo (o).
cycle [saykal] v. dognude. welo.
cyst [sist] n. basel (ngel).
dabble
dabble [dabal] v. leppinde; wiccude.
dacker [daka] v. daaldaalnude.
dad [dad] n. baabiraacfo (o).
dafTmg [dafip] n. kaacfi (di)-, cfaayre (ude).
daft [daft] adj. cfaaycfo.
dagger [daga] n. labi (ki).
daggle [dagal] v. daasde.
daily [deyli] adj. nalawma kala; nande kala.
dainty [deynti] adj. ko yoocfi, ko wdi.
dairy [deyri] ii. mooftirde kosam e nebam
keccam.
daleth [daleG] n. alkulal (ngal), alkulal deel. dead [ded] n. maaycfo (o); birniicfo (o). ~
dam [dam] n. mbamgu (nguj.
damage [damij] v. bonnude.
damage [damij] /?. bonande (nde).
dame [deym] n. debbo (o).
damnable [damnabal] adj. ko anaa, ko
felnii.
damp [damp] adj. baytucfum; baycfum deal [diyl] v. yeeyde; feccude.
[dampan] v. baytinde.
dampness [dampnes] n. bayto (ngo).
dance [dans] u. ngamri (ndi).
dance [dans] v. amde. make someone ~ nallambero (o); musicfcfo (o).
amnude.
dancer [dansa] n. gamoowo (o)
dander [danda] n. sekre (nde).
dandle [dandal] v. yeTde cukalel.
dandruff [dandrAf] n. karaas (o).
danger [deynja] n. bone (cfe)\ ko gaanata.
dangerous [deynjaras] adj. bonnojum;
lorlojum; ko bonnata; ko lorlata.
dangle [dapgal] v. weelde.
dap [dap] v. saftaade.
dare [der] v. suusde.
daring [derip] n. cuusal (ngal).
dark [dark] adj. nibbidcfum; iircfucfum.
after ~ so hiirii.
darken [darkan] v. bawlinde
darkle [darkal] v. nibbicfinde.
darkness [darknes] n. nibbere (nde).
darling [darlip] n. gicfo (o): gicfel (ngel).
darn [darn] v. nootde.
dash [das] v. fiide; flirtaade
dasher [dasa] /?. piyoowo (o).
data [deyta] n. kabaaru (o).
decapitate
D
date [deyt] n. 1) saanga, sahaa, out of - ko
benni; ko jolti 2) tamaroore (nde).
daughter [data] n. bicfcfo debbo.
daunt [dont] v. hulbinde.
dauntless [dontles] adj. cuuscfo reedu.
dawn [dOn] n. weetndoogo.
day [dey] n. nalnde (nde)\ nalawma (o);
naingu (ngu)\ nallande (nde)\ nalaande
(nde). ~ off nalawma fooftere.
day-to-day [deytadey] adj. nalawma kala.
daze [deyz] v. hawjinde.
as mutton maaydo pak.
deadline [dedlayn] n. lajal (ngal), ahdi (o).
deadly [dedli] adj. ko warata.
deaf [def] adj. paho. ~ person paho (o).
deafen [defan] v. faacTnude.
deafness [defhes] n. paacfgol (ngdl).
dealer [diyla] n. jeeyoowo (o).
dealership [diylasip] n. njeeygu (ngu).
dear [diya] adj. tiicfcfo, misicfcfo. ~ friend
dearth [derG] n. soono (ngo)\ heege (nge).
deary [deri] gicfo.
death [deG] n. maayde (nde). ~ message
broadcast on the radio taggee (o).
deathly [deGli] adj. barojum, ko warata.
deave [diyv] v. faacfnude.
debase [dibeyz] v. lescfinde, bonnitde.
debatable [dibeytabal] adj. ko hoolnaaki.
debate [dibeyt] v. wostondirde hakkillaaji.
debonair [deboner] adj. belcfo hakkille.
debt [det] n. namaande (nde). He is
discharging a debt omon yoba namaande
nde.
debtor [deto] n. namliicfo (o).
debutant [debyuwtont] n. pucfcfiicfo golle.
decade [dekeyd] //. duubi sappo.
decadence [dekadans] //. nuflugol (ngdl).
decadent [dekadant] adj. nuflucfo.
decaliter [dekalita] n. liiteruuji sappo.
decameter [dekamita] n. meeteruuji sappo.
decant [dekant] v. siiwtude.
decapitate [dekapiteyt] v. warde, taTde
daande.
151
decay
decay [dikey] n. 13eemtaade; nolde.
decease [disiyz] v. maayde.
deceased [disiyzd] adj. maaycfo.
deceit [disiyt] n. fliunti (o).
deceitful [disiytfaf] adj. puuntoowo; ko
fuuntata.
deceive [disiyv] v. fuuntude.
decelerate [dic9l0reyt] v. ustude yaawre.
decenary [des0n8ri] adj. ko faati e duubi
sappo.
decency [diys0nsi] u. peewal (ngal).
decennial [desiyny0l] adj. ko faati e duubi
sappo.
decent [disent] adj. ko feewi.
deception [diseps0n] u. fliunti (o).
deceptive [dis0ptiv] adj. ko fuuntata,
puuntojum.
decide [disayd] v. wakkilaade; haajde;
fellitde.
decimate [des0meyt] v. boomde.
decipher [disayf0] v. hijjude, limtude;
jangude.
decision [disiy30n] n. pellital (ngal).
deck [dek] n. pom (o).
deckchair//, [dekcer] piliyaan (o).
declare [dikleyr] v. hollirde; habrude.
declinate [dikl0neyt] v. tellaade.
declination [dikl0neys0n] //. tellagol (ngol).
decline [diklayn] v. tellaade; ustaade.
decode [dikowd] v. firde; faccirde.
decoder [dicowd0] /?. piroowo (o).
decollate [dik0leyt] v. taTde daande.
decolonize [diyk0l0nayz] v. rimcfinde leydi;
jiimtude leydi.
decompose [diyk0mpowz] v. ufde; jiibde,
seerndude, nolde.
decorate [dek0reyt] v. I]ende, sinkude.
decorticate [dik0rtikeyt] v. feTde.
decortication [dik0rtikeys0n] //. peTgol
(ngol).
decoy [dikoy] v. fuuntude; tuufaade.
decrease [dikriys] v. ustude.
decrease [dikriys] //. ustaare (nde), ustugol
(ngol).
decree [dikriy] n. yamiroore (nde).
decrement [dikr0m0nt] n. ustaare (nde),
ustugol (ngol).
decrial [dikray0l] n. njennoor (o).
defray
decry [dikray] v. bonnitde; yennude.
decuple [dekyuwp0l] v. fiide laabi sappo.
dedicate [dedikeyt] v. cfowtaade.
dedication [dedikeys0n] //. cfowtaare (nde).
deduct [didAkt] v. ustude; ittude.
deduction [didAks0n] //. ustaare (nde).
deed [diyd] //. gollal (ngal).
deem [diym] v. miijaade.
deep [diyp] adj. luggicfcfum; ko luggicfi. ~
area luggere (nde). ~ mourning sunaare
mawnde.
deepen [diyp0n] v. luggicfinde.
deeply [diypli] adv. ko luggicfi; luggicfcfum.
defalcate [d0falkeyt] v. wujjude.
defalcation [d0f0lkeys0n] //. nguyka (ka).
default [diyfolt] //. ella (o).
defaulter [diyfolt0] /?. jom ella.
defeat [difiyt] v. foolde
defeated [difiyt0d] adj. poolaacfo.
defecate [def0keyt] v. suulde; huwde;
acfcfitde. ~ in one's clothing bonnitaade.
defect [difekt] //. ella (o)
defend [difend] v. dartaade.
defendant [difend0nt] //. tuumaacfo.
defense [difens] //. hare (nde)-, dartagol
(ngol).
defer [dif0r] v. fabbinde.
deferment [dif0rm0nt] //. pabbingol.
deferring [dif0rig] //. pabbingol.
defiance [difay0ns] n. salaare (nde).
defiant [difay0nt] adj. caliicfo, cirl^iniicfo.
deficiency [defiys0nsi] //. l^akkere (nde).
deficient [defiys0nt] adj. l^akkucfum,
usticfum
deficit [defisit] //. fjakkere (nde).
defile [d0fayl] v. tunwinde.
define [difayn] v. hokkude maanaa.
definite [defn0t] adj. laabcfum, ko laabi; ko
leeri.
definition [defniys0n] //. maanaa (o).
deflagrate [d0fl0greyt] v. hubbude.
deflate [difleyt] v. peernude; yaltinde hendu
pono.
deflect [diflekt] v. filtinde.
defloration [d0tl0reys0n] //. jiidgol (ngol).
deform [difom] v. waylude tagoodi.
defraud [d0frowd] v. vvujjude; toonde.
defray [d0frey] v. yobde.
defunct
defunct [difXgkt] adj. maaycfo.
defy [difay] v. jattinaade.
degrade [diygreyd] v. bonnitde; hersinde.
degrading [digreydi^] adj. kersiniicfum; ko
hersinii.
degree [digriy] n. degere (o).
degression [digreys0n] n. ustaare (nde)\
ustagol (ngdl).
deja vu [de3avu] n. ko yiyaa haa benni; ko
hescfaani.
delay [diley] v. leeltinde. without ~ cfoon e
cfoon.
delectable [dilektabal] adj. belcfum; ko
weli; dakmucfum.
delegate [delageyt] v. nelde, halfmde.
delegate [dolageyt] n. nulaacfo (o); nelaacfo
delegation [dal0geys0n] n. nelaabe (be)\
halfinaabe (be).
delete [d0liyt] v. momtude.
deleterious [d0l0t0ry0s] adj. ko nawnata.
deletion [d0liys0n] u. momtugol.
deliberate [d0libr0t] adj. ko amdaa; ko
naatni amdaare.
delicious [d0liys0s] adj. dakmucfum,
belcfum; ko dakmi; ko weli.
delight [d0layt] ii. welamma (o).
delighted [d0layt0d] adj. beltiicfo.
delightful [d0laytf0l] adj. ko weltinta;
bdtinoowo; beltinoojum.
delimit [dilimit] v. heertaade.
delineate [d0linyeyt] v. amminde, sifaade.
deliquesce [d0l0kwes] v. saayde.
deliration [d0l0reys0n] n. duuytugol.
delirious [d0l0ry0s] adj. duuytoowo.
deliver [d0liv0] v. yettinde; tottude, jibinde.
delude [d0lyuwd] v. fuuntude.
deluge [d0luw3] n. amo (ago).
delve [delv] v. asde; luggicfinaade; wittude.
demagogue [d0m0gog] //. puuntoowo (o).
demagogy [d0m0goji] a. fliunti (o).
demand [d0mand] v. lamndaade hakke
mum. This merchandise is in great deploy [d0ploy] v. sarde.
demand Marsandiis o ina soklaa no feewi
demarcate [d0m0rkeyt] v. heertaade.
demarcation [d0m0rkeys0n] n. keertagol
(ngdl).
dement [d0ment] v. haal3cfinde.
dementia [d0menc0] n. kaacfi (cfi).
deposit
demi [d0mi] pref. feccere (nde)\ hakkunde.
demise [d0mayz] v. nattude.
demission [d0mis0n] n. cfaccingol hoore
mum golle.
demit [d0mit] v. cfaccinde hoore mum
golle.
demolish [dem0lis] v. yandinde.
demon [diym0n] n. seytaane (o).
demoniac [d0monyak] adj. ko faati e
seytaane.
demonstrate [d0m0nstreyt] v. hollude;
teel]tinde.
demonstrator [d0m0nstreyt0] n. kolloowo
(o).
demount [d0mawnt] v. tdlinde.
demure [demyuwr] nuggaro (o).
denial [d0nay0l] n. geddi (cfi).
denier [d0nay0] /?. jedducfo (o).
denigrate [d0nigreyt] v. bonnitde.
denominate [d0n0mineyt] v. innude,
noddude.
denomination [d0n0mineys0n] n. inde.
denounce [d0nawns] v.; fenninde.
dense [dens] adj. cukkucfum; ko sukki.
dent [dent] v. bobbude.
dental [dent0l] n. ko faati e niiTe/niire.
dentist [dentist] n. doktoor niiTe.
denude [d0nyuwd] v. wacfde meho;
labbinde, lewde.
deny [dinay] v. yeddude
depart [dipat] v. yahde, ummaade.
departure [dipac0] n. ummagol (ngdl).
depend [dipend] v. fawaade e, loraade e.
dependable [d0pend0b0l] adj. koolaacfo.
dependence [d0p0nd0ns] n. pawagol
(ngdl)-, loragolfngol), fawaare (nde).
dependency [d0p0nd0nsi] n. fawaare
(nde).
depict [d0pikt] v. sifaade.
depilate [d0pileyt] v. borde leebi.
deplete [dipliyt] v. gasnude, labbinde.
deplore [diplowr] v. woytaade.
deplume [d0plyuwm] v. borde.
deport [d0pOrt] v. yaltinde leydi.
deportee [d0porti] n. jaltinaacfo leydi.
depose [d0powz] v. fiiltude.
deposit [d0powz0t] v. joTTinde.
153
depot detestation

depot [d9p0] n. mooftirde kaake. desire [d0zay0] v. yicfde, faaleede; muuyde,

deprave [dopreyv] v. bonnude. goddude; fiimlude, duudeede, tuuyeede.
depreciate [dapriyseyt] v. ustaade; ustude, desire [d0zay0] n. sago; tuuya (o); muuya
depreciation n.[d0prosyeys0n] ustaare (o).
(nde). desist [d0zist] v. daraade, cfaccude.
depredate [d0pr0deyt] v. honde; wujjude. desolate [d0s0let] v. wiinnude.
depredator [d0pr0deyt0] n. naamowel despair [disper] v. cfamtindaade.
(figel), bonnowel (tigel). despise [dispayz] v. yawaade, hutaade.
depress [d0pres] v. sunaade. despite [dispayt] n. hutaare (nde).
deprive [d0prayv] v. hacfde. despoil [dispoyl] v. teetde, wujjude.
depth [dep6] ti. luggeendi (ndi). despot [despot] n. laamcfo mo laamu mum
depurate [d0pyuwreyt] v. labbinde, rendaaka.
deputy [d0py0ti] n. dipite (o); lomto (o). dessert [d0z0rt] n. namri (ndi).
deracinate [diyras0neyt] v. cfoofde, destiny [dest0ni] n. hoddiro (ngo).
cfuggitde. destitute [d0st0tuwt] adj. baascfo.
derange [d0reynj] v. sarde. He is deranged destitution [d0st0tuws0n] n. baasal (ngal).
Hoore makko dillii. destool [d0stuwl] v. fiiltude laamcfo.
deride [d0rayd] v. jalkitde; seknoraade. destroy [distroy] n. halkude, bonnude;
derision [d0riy30n] n. jalkitgol (ngol), boomde.
ceknoraagol (ngol). destroyed [distroyd] adj. boomaacfo;
derive [d0rayv] v. ummaade e. boomacfum.
dermatology [d0rm0tol0ji] n. jangde destroyer [distroy0] n. bonnoowo (o).
nguru. destructible [distrAkt0b0l] adj. bonnojum;
derogatory [dirog0t0ri] adj. ko tdlinta; ko ko bonata.
lesainta. destruction [distrAks0n] n. halkaare (nde)\
derrick [derik] n. lenge (o). bonande (nde).
descend [disend] v. tellaade, jippaade. ~ destructive [distrAkt0v] adj. ko bonnata;
into a well jolde e bundu. ko halkata.
descent [d0sent] n. lenol (ngol). detach [ditac] v. babbitde; seerndude.
describe [diskrayb] v. sifaade detached [ditact] adj. ceercfum; ko seerti.
description [d0skr0ps0n] n. sifaa (o). detail [diteyl] n. gecfal (ngal), huunde
descriptive [d0skr0ptiv] adj. ko faati e (nde)-, feccere (nde).
sifaa, detain [diteyn] v. sokde; jaggude.
desegregate [dis0gr0geyt] v. hacfde detainer [diteyn0] n. jaggoowo (o);
lenamlehaagu. cokoowo (o).
desert [diz0rt] n. ladde yoornde. detect [ditekt] v. yiide.
deserted [diz0rtid] (adj) biinnucfum; nokku detention [dit0ns0n] n. jaggugol (ngol)-,
biicfcTucfo. cokgol (ngol).
desertion [diz0rs0n] n. dogdu (ndu). deter [dit0r] v. hacfde.
deserve [d0z0rv] v. haandude. deterge [dit0rj] v. lawTude.
desiccate [d0s0keyt] v. yoornude. deteriorate [d0t0ryowreyt] v. bonnude.
desiccator [d0s0keyt0] n. joornoowo (o). determinate [d0t0rm0n0t] v. heertaade,
desiderate [d0sid0reyt] v. yicfde, firde; faccirde.
yeewnude. determination [d0t0rm0neys0n] n. anniya
design [dizayn] v. amminde. (o): wakkilaare (nde).
designate [d0signeyt] v. tocfcfaade, deterrent [dit0r0nt] n. huunde hacfoore; ko
SLibaade. hacfata.
desirable [d0zayr0b0l] adj. jicfacfum; ko detest [ditest] v. ande.
yicfaa. detestation [dit0steys0n] n. ngangu (ngn).

154
dethrone
dethrone [diGrown] v. fiiltude laamcfo.
detour [datuwr] n. taartaarol (ngol).
detractor [datrakta] n. gano (o).
detriment [datrimant] n. bonande (nde).
detrimental [datramental] adj. bonnojum;
ko bonnata.
deuterogamy [dyuwtaragami] n. dewgal
cficfabal.
devaluate [divalweyt] v. ustude, ustude
nafoore.
devaluation [divalweysan] n. ustagol
(ngol).
devastate [davasteyt] v. bonnude.
devastation [davasteysan] n. bonande
(nde).
develop [davalop] v. Tellitde; mawninde.
development [davalopmant] n. Tdlitaare
(nde)\ Tellitaagol (ngol).
deviate [divyeyt] v. oonaade; selde.
deviation [davyeysan] n. celgol (ngdl)\
celol (ngdl).
devil [deval] n. seytaane.
devious [diyvyas] adj. ko liilti; laawol
liiltungol.
devise [davayz] v. mahde; feewnude; sosde.
devoid [davoyd] adj. ko alaa.
devoir [davwar] n. fotde (nde).
devote [davowt] v. toppitaade.
devoted [davowtad] adj. cfowtiido.
devotion [davowsan] n. cfowtaare (nde).
devour [davawa] v. mocfde, naamde.
devout [davawt] adj. g66I3cfincfo, dewcfo;
cfowtiido.
dew [daw] n. saawandere (nde)
dexter [deksta] adj. naamo, bal]l]e naamo,
peewclo; neencfo.
dexterous [dekstras] adj. peewcfo jungo.
diabetes [daybiytiz] n. naw.
diabolic [daybowlik] adj. ko faati e golle
seytaane.
diacritic [daykratik] n. masgal (ngal).
diagnose [daygnowz] v. Teewde maale.
dialect [daylekt] n. haala nokku.
dialectal [daylektal] adj. ko faati e haala
nokku.
dialectology [daylektowlaji] n. jangde haala
nokku.
dialogic [daylowjik] n. ko faati e kaaldigal.
dialogue [daylog] n. kaaldigal (ngal).
155
dilate
diametre [dayamita] n. diidol hakkunde.
diamond [daymand] n. haayrejamaa.
diaper [daypa] n. ngembe cukald.
diaphragm [dayafram] n. biiwol (ngol).
diarrhea [dayrya] n. boccitel (ngel)
boccitd (ngel), reedu dogooru.
dichotomize [daykatamayz] v. feccude
peace cficfi.
dichotomy [daykatami] n. peccugol peace
cfidi.
diction [diksan] n. tinndol.
dictionary [diksanari] n. saggitorde (nde).
didactic [daydaktik] adj. ko faati e jangde.
diddle [didal] v. wujjude; bonnude.
die [day] v. maayde; jiibde.
diet [dayet] n. namri (ndi).
dietary [dayatari] adj. ko faati e namri.
dietetic [dyetatik] adj. ko faati e namri.
differ [difar] v. seertude.
difference [difrans] n. ceerndugol (ngdl)\
huunde seerndunde.
different [difrant] adj. ceercfum, ko seerti.
differentiate [difranseyt] v. seerndude.
differentiator [difranseytar] n.
ceerndoowo.
difTicuIt [difkAlt] adj. cacfcfum; ko sacfi.
difficulty [difkAlti] n. sacfre (nde).
diffident [difAdant] adj. nuggaro (o).
diffuse [difyuwz] v. yaajnude; saaktude.
diffusion [difyuw3an] n. caaktugol (ngol).
dig [dig] V. asde. ~ itself asaade. ~ out
aawtaade, aastaade, iirtude. make
someone ~ asnude. ~ for asande. ~ up
ubbitde; aaftaade, duggude.
digamy [digami] n. dewgal cficfabal.
digest [dayjest] v. dolde
digger [diga] n. gasoowo (o).
digging [digip] n. gasgol (ngol) (de).
digit [dijit] n. fedeendu (ndu).
dignified [dignafayd] adj. cfimcfucfo, dimo.
dignitary [dignatari] n. koohoowo (o).
dignity [dignati] n. ndimaagu (ngu).
digress [daygres] v. selde.
dike [dayk] n. hacfiinde (nde).
dilacerate [dalasareyt] v. taXde, seekde
dilapidate [dalapadeyt] v. bonnude.
dilate [dayleyt] v. Tuufde, yaajde.
dilemma
dilemma [dilem0] n. jaakre (nde).,
ngaanumma (o). be in a ~ aande; jaakde.
diligence [dilijans] n. tiicfnaare (nde).
diligent [dilijant] adj. tiicfniicfo.
dilute [dayluwt] v. selbinde.
dilution [dayluwsan] n. celbingol.
dim [dim] adj. nibbicfcfum; ko nibbicfi.
dimension [damensan] n. njuuteendi;
njaajeendi.
diminish [diminis] v. ustude.
diminished [diminisd] adj. ustiicfo; ko ustii
diminution [diminusan] n. ustaare (nde)\
aayaare (nde).
dindle [dindal] v. sinnude.
dine [dayn] v. hirtaade.
diner [dayna] n. kirtotoocfo (o).
dinghy [diggi] n. laanel (ngel).
dinky [digki] adj. pamaro.
dinner [dina] n. hiraande (nde).
dint [dint] n. sembe (o).
diotic [dayotik] adj. ko faati e noppi.
dip [dip] V. suuwde. ~ one's lips into a
liquid tuubde.
diphtheria [dif9erya] n. naw.
dire [daya] n. cacftucfum; ko sacfti.
direct [darekt] v. hollude, amminde,
huccinde.
direction [dareksan] n. huccaango (ngo).
director [darekta] n. gardinaacfo (o);
gardiicfo (o).
directory [darektari] n. deftere incfe e
tiitoocfe.
dirk [dark] n. njuulaawi (ki).
dirt [dart] n. tuundi (ndi). eat ~ hoyde,
hoyneede.
dirty [darti] v. tunwinde.
disability [disabalati] n. ronkere (nde).
disable [diseybal] v. ronkinde.
disabled [diseybald] adj. donkucfo, boofo;
gumcfo, taktako.
disaccord [disakod] n. luural (ngal).
disadvantage [disadvantij] n. huunde nde
alaa nafoore.
disagree [disagriy] v. luurdude.
disagreement [disagriy mant] n. luural
(ngal).
disallow [disalaw] v. hacfde.
disappear [disapiyr] v. majjude; wirnaade.
156
disdainer
disapproval [disapruvA^al] n. salaare (nde).
disapprove [disapruwv] v. salaade.
disarm [disarm] v. hebtude kabircfe.
disarrange [disareynj] v. firtude.
disassemble [disasambal] v. firtude.
disaster [dizasta] n. bonande (nde).
disavow [disavow] v. wultaade.
disbelieve [disbaliyv] v. waasde
g66I]cfinde.
disburse [disbars] v. yobde.
discard [discad] v. jonde.
discern [disam] v. seerndude, yiide.
discharge [discaj] n. rimtude.
disciple [dasaypal] n. almuudo (o).
discipline [dasaplin] n. nehdi (ndi).
disclaim [diskleym] v. wultaade; yaafaade.
disclose [disklowz] v. haaltude; fenninde.
disclosure [disclow3a] n. penningol (ngol).
discolor [diskala] v. waylude noordi.
disconnect [diskanekt] v. sel^tude,
seerndude.
discontent [diskantent] adj. mo weltaaki;
mettincfo.
discontinue [diskantanyu] v. haacfnude,
dartinde.
discord [diskod] n. luural (ngal).
discordance [diskodans] n. luural (ngal).
discount [diskawnt] v. ustude.
discourse [diskos] n. haala; haala
mbinndaaka.
discover [diskova] v. yiitude.
discovery [diskovri] n. jiitugol (ngdl).
discredit [diskradit] v. fennude.
discreet [diskriyt] n. mooftoowo sirru,
deentiicfo; nibbo.
discrepancy [diskrepansi] n. luural (ngal).
discretion [diskresan] n. yamiroore
hooremum.
discriminate [diskramaneyt] v. seerndude.
discrimination n. ceerndugol.
discuss [diskAs] v. yeewtude, wostondirde
hakkillaaji.
discussion [diskAsan] n. yeewtere (nde)\
haala (ka).
disdain [disdeyn] n. elko; elgol; yawaare
(nde).
disdain [disdeyn] v. ande, elde.
disdainer [disdeyna] n. eloowo (o).
disdainful divest

disdainful [disdeynfal] adj. elcfo, eloowo.
disease [diziyz] n. naw (ngu).
disembark [disembark] v. tellaade.
disengage [disiggeyj] v. yaltinde.
disentangle [disenteggol] v. seerndude.
disgrace [disgreys] n. gacce (cfe) ; kersa
(o).
disgust [disgAst] v. nefnaade.
disgusting [disgAstig] adj. nefriicfum; ko
nefhii.
dish [dis] //. namri (tidi).
dishonest [disonest] adj. mo nuuncfaani.
disintegrate [disintagreyt] v. seerde,
monnaade.
disjoin [dijoyn] v. sel]tude; seerndude.
disjunct [disjA^kt] adj. ko seerti.
dislike [dislayk] n. nefre (nde)\ ngangu
(mO-
dislike [dislayk] v. ande; nefde.
dislocate [disiQkeyt] ti. ittude e nokku;
yaltinde.
dismantle [dismantal] v. firtude.
dismay [dismey] u. kulol (ngol).
dismiss [dismis] v. riiwde.
dismount [dismawnt] v. tellaade, jippaade;
jippinde; tellinde.
disobedient [disobiyjGnt] adj. mo
cfowtaaki; caliido.
disobey [disobey] v. salaade.
disorder [disorda] v. wilde; sarde.
disparage [dispOrij] v. yennude; felde.
disparagement [disp9rijm0nt] n. yennoore
(nde)\ feloore (ndcj.
disparate [disparat] adj. ceercfi; ko seeri.
dispart [dispat] v. seerndude.
dispatch [dispac] v. neldude.
dispel [dispel] v. riiwde, sarde.
disperse [dispars] v. sarde.
dispersed [disparst] adj. caricfum; ko sarii.
displace [displeys] v. ittude e nokku, ittude,
dirnude.
display [displey] v. hollirde.
displease [displiyz] v. seknude.
displeased [displiyzd] adj. mettincfo; mo diverge [davarj] v. seertude.
weltaaki. divergent [davarjant] adj. ko seerti.
displeasure [disple3a] /?. metteende (tide).
diverse [dayvars] adj. ko seerti
dispute [disp>^wt] ii. duko (ngo). beyond- divert [divart] v. selnude
ko alaa geddi. divest [dayvest] v. boorde; ittude.
disrepute [disrapyuwt] adj. telliicfo; koycfo.
disrespect [disrispekt] ti. yawaare (tide).
disrespect [disrispekt] v. aybinde; bonde
nehdi.
disrespectful [disrispektfal] adj. neetaro.
disrupt [disrApt] v. bonnude; haljinde.
dissect [disekt] v. taTde.
disseminate [disamineyt] v. yaajnude,
habrude.
dissension [disansan] n. luural (ngal).
dissidence [disadans] luural (tigal).
dissident [disadant] adj. luutndiicfo.
dissimulate [disamyuwleyt] v. suucfde.
dissipate [disapeyt] v. suyde; saraade.
dissociate [disowseyt] v. seerndude, seerde.
dissolve [disolv] v. saaynude.
distance [distans] ti. gocfcfondiral (ngal)\
badondiral (tigal).
distant [distant] adj. gocfcfucfum; ko
wocfcfi; gocfcfucfo.
distasteful [disteystfal] adj. tekum; ko
metti.
distinct [distiijkt] adj. ko seerti; ko laabi.
distinction [distipksan] ti. ceerndugol
(tigol).
distinguish [distipgwis] v. seerndude.
distort [distot] v. waylude; fende.
distress [distres] ti. sunaare (tide).
distressful [distresfal] adj. ko addata
sunaare.
distribute [distrabyuwt] v. yecfde; tottude;
feccude.
distributor [distrabyuwta] ti. jecfoowo (o).
distrust [distrAst] v. hoolkisaade.
disturb [distarb] v. haljinde.
disturbance [distarbans] ti. kaljingol.
ditch [die] ti. gaawol (tigol).
ditcher [dica] ii. gasoowo gaawi.
diurnal [dyurnal] adj. ko faati e nalawma,
nande kala.
divagate [divageyt] v. selde.
dive [dayv] v. fiyaade e ndiyam, puntinaade.
diver [dayver] ti. piyotoocfo e ndiyam.

157
divide
divide [d0vayd] v. feccude. - for feccande.
divider [dOvayda] n. peccoowo (o).
divine [davayn] adj. ko faati e joomiraacfo.
divisible [davizabal] adj. ko feccotoo.
division [d0viy30n] ti. peccugol (ngdl).
divisor [d0vayz0] n. ko feccata; peccoowo.
divorce [d0vors] //. ceergal (figal).
divorce [d0vors] v. seerde
divorcee [davorsi] fi. deboo
ceercfo/ceeraacfo; diwo (o)
divulge [davAlj] v. fenninde; saaktude sirru.
dizzy [dizi] adj. hakkille miircfo; miircfo.
djin [jin] n. jinne (o).
do [du] V. wacfde. ~ again wacftude. ~
ablutions with sand or a stone taamaade.
~ deliberately amdaade; teyde. ~ with
haste henaade; flilsinde. ~ one's ablutions
salligaade. ~ ttvice cfimmitde.
docile [dowsayl] adj. deeTcfo; eeltaacfo, mo
naacfaani.
doctor [dokta] ii. doktoor (o); cafroowo
(o).
doctrine [doktran] //. miijo (ngo).
document [dokyuwmant] n. kayit (annama
kayit juddu).
dodder [doda] v. sinnude.
dodge [doj] v. ruucfaade, wappaade,
doer [duwa] n. bacfoowo (o).
dog [dog] 11. rawaandu (ndit). wild ~
safaandu (ndii).
doll [dol] //. bicfcfo tekke.
dolt [dolt] adj. beemcfo.
domestic [damestik] adj. ko faati e galle.
domesticate [damestakeyt] v. eeltude.
domicile [domasil] n. hocforde (nde).
dominant [domanant] adj. poolcfo, burcfo.
dominate [damaneyt] v. foolde, burde.
donate [doneyt] v. rokkude.
donation [doneysan] n. dokkal (ngal).
donkey [dopki] n. mbabba (ha)
donor [dono] n. dokkucfo (o); dokkoowo
(a).
doom [dum] n. hoddiro.
doom [dum] v. hoddirde.
doomsday [dumsdey] //. buutufal (ngal).
door [dor] /;. damal (ngal), baafal (ngal)-,
udumere (nde)-, naatirde (nde). indoors
nder galle.
158
dreadlock
dormant [dormant] adj. cfaaniicfo;
cfaankiniicfo.
dorsal [dorsal] adj. ko faati e keeci.
dot [dot] n. tobbere (nde), poofirgel (ngel).
dote [dowt] V. yicfde, horsinde.
double [dAbal] n. cficfi.
double [dAbal] v. cfimmitde.
doubt [dawt] n. sikkitaare (nde)-,
hoolkisaare (nde). I have my doubts
Mbecfe hoolkisii dum.
doubt [dawt] v. sikkitaade.
doubtful [dawtfal] adj. cikkitiido.
doubtless [dawtles] adj. ko alaa sikkitaare.
dough [dow] n. condi njiibaandi.
douse [dowze] v. wisde; leppinde.
douser [dowza] n. biccoowo (o);
leppinoowo (o).
dove [dowv] n. foondu (ndu).
down [dawn] prep. les.
down [dawn] v. lesdinde; yandinde.
dowry [dawri] n. tel3e (cfe).
doze [dowz] v. muumnaade.
dozen [dozan] n. sappo e didi.
drabble [drabal] v. leppinde.
draft [draft] n. bindol gadanol; hendu (ndu).
drag [drag] v. daasde. ~ oneself daasaade.
drain [dreyn] v. siiwtude.
drainage [dreynij] n. ciiwtugol.
drained [dreynd] adj. ko siiwtaa;
ciiwtadum.
draining [dreynig] n. ciiwtugol (ngol).
drape [dreyp] v. soomde.
draper [dreypa] n. jeeyoowo bagi.
draught [draft] n. woobre (nde). take a ~
woobde.
draw [dro] v. 1) diidde 2) foodde; sefde,
daasde. ~ water Toogde. ~ water with
Toogirde. ~ a plan ebbude. ~ up sefde. ~
the how timpude. ~ hack naattinde.
drawer [drOwa] n. poocfoowo (o).
drawing [drOwii]] n. urba; natal (ngal)-,
annama (o).
drawl [drowl] v. juurtude (alkule).
dread [dred] v. hulde.
dread [dred] n. kulol (ngol)-, atturu (ndu).
dreadful [dredfal] adj. ko hulbinii,
kulbiniicfum.
dreadlock [dredlok] n. atturu (ndu).
dream
dysentery

dream [driym] v. hoycfude. dry [dray] i^. yoornude, acfde. he ~

dream [driym] n. koycfol (ngol). yoorde, sojjude. ~ stream bed gulumbol
dreary [dreri] adj. ko addata sunaare. (ngol).
dredge [drej] v. flillude. dual [duw0l] adj. ko faati e cficfi.
drench [drenc] v. leppinde. dub [dAb] V. innude, waannjitaade.
dress [dres] v. boornaade. ~ up naantaade, dubiety [dyuwbidi] n. sikkitaare (tide).
narde; nowtude, sormitde. ~ someone up dubious [dyuwby0s] adj. ko laabaani.
naantude, sormitde, dubitative [dyuwbit0tiv] adj. ko faati e
dressed [drest] adj. boorniicfo comci. sikkitaare.
dresser [dres0] n. boornoowo (o). duck [dAk] ti. kankaleewal (tigal). wild ~
dried [drayd] adj. joorcfo; ~ fish bunaa (o). koral (tigal) due [du] ti. ko yonti
yobeede, limpo (o). in ~ time so ndeen
drier [dray0] n. joornoowo (o); ko
yontii; ndee sahaa o yonti.
yoornata.
dug [dAg] adj. gubbitaacfum; ko ubbitaa.
drill [dril] v. asde, yulde.
dulcet [dAlset] ti. ko weli hecfaade.
drink [dripk] v. yarde
dull [dAl] adj. beemcfo; mo feeraani;
drinker [drii]k0] n. jaroowo (o).
muddo He is dull of hearing O welaani
drip [drip] v. siimtude; siimtinde. nancfe.
drive [drayv] v. dognude. ~ cattle soggude. dullness [dAlnes] ti. weemre (tide).
~ off riiwde They drove him mad be
dumb [dAm] ti. muumo (o).
kaa^cfin mo.
dumbness [dAmnes] ti. muumcfugol (tigdl)\
driver [drayv0] n. dognoowo (o) ; gardiicfo
muumre (tide).
(o).
dumminess [dAmines] ti. muddere (tide).
driving [drayvii]] n. dognugol (ngol).
dummy [dAmi] ti. muddo (o); nifcfo (o).
drizzle [driz0l] n. toboyal (ngal).
dump [dAmp] v. rufde; samminde.
droll [drol] v. gaajaade.
dung [dApg] ti. rubundere (tide).
droop [drup] v. mutde.
dunk [dAr)k] v. suuwde.
drop [drop] n. waadere (nde)\ tobbere
(tide). duo [dwo] ti. yimbe cficfo.
dup [dAp] V. fliuntude.
drop [drop] v. yandinde; siimtinde. ~ waste
foccude. duplicate [dyuwpl0keyt] v. waanjitaade.
dropout [dropawt] n. jaltucfo jangde, durable [dyuwr0b0l] adj. ko booyata.
cfaccucfo jangde; mo baaraani. duration [dyuwreys0n] ti. booygol (ngol).
droppings [dropigz] n. focco (ngo). dusk [dAsk] 11. fiituro (o); mutal (ngal).
drought [drawt] n. yooro (ngo)\ soono dust [dAst] ti. pundi (tidi)-, sollaaru (tidu)\
(ngo). collaay (o). throw ~ in someone’s eyes
drown [drawn] v. yoolaade; yoolde. ullude leydi e gite nedcfo.
drowse [drawz] v. I3ol]de. duster [dAst0] ti. picfcfoowo pundi,
drowsy [drawzi] adj. I3ol3cfo. dustpan [dAstpan] ti. boftirgel (ngel).
drug [drAg] n. focfcfere safaara. duty [dyuwti] ti. lowre (tide), fotde (tide).
drum [drAm] n. mbaggu (ngu). little ~ dwell [dwel] v. juutnaade e.
baggel (ngel). bass ~ tabalde (tide), dwindle [dwind0l] v. ustaade.
talking ~ buubaa (o). dye [day] ti. goobu (ngu)', born (ngu), kafo
drummer [drAm0] n. piyoowo mbaggu, (o).red~ ktWoon (tidi).
piyoowo buubaa. dye [day] v. goobde; borde, noorde. ~ blue
drumstick [drAmstik] n. sawru buubaa. bakde.
drunk [drAr)k] adj. jarcfo; cirwucfo, dyer [day0] ti. gooboowo (o).
mandilcfo. dynasty [dayn0sti] //. laamu (ngu).
drunkard [drAr)k0d] n. mandiloowo (o). dysentery [diz0nteri] //. reedu dogooru.

159
e elucidate
e [iy] n. alkulal (ngal).
each [iyc] adj. kala; necfcfo kala. ~ one
gooto kala.
eagerness [iygOnes] n. henaare (nde).
ear [iy0] n. nofru (ndu). I am all ears
Mbede hecfi maa.
earthquake [arGkweyk] /?. jerbugol leydi.
earthy [0r0i] adj. ko faati e leydi; ko faati e
aduna.
easily [iyz0li] adv. beebcfum; newicfum; ko
weebi; ko newii.
easy [iyzi] adj. ko weebi. beebcfum. It is
easy Ina weebi.
easterner [iyst0n0] n. Fucfnanke (o).
eatable [iyt0b0l] adj. naameteecfum; ko
fiaametee.
eatery [iyt0ri] n. naamirde (nde)-, paasiol].
eating [iytig] n. naamdu (ndn).
eavesdrop [iyvzdrop] v. nukkindaade.
eccentric [eks0ntrik] adj. celcfum; ko seli.
echoic [ekowik] adj. ko faati e oolel.
eclectic [eklektik] adj. cubacfum; ko subaa.
eclosion [eklowz0n] n. toccingol (ngol).
economic [ek0n0mik] adj. ittucfum; ko itti.
It is not economical cfum ittaani.
economize [ek0n0mik] v. ittinde; resde;
mooftude.
ecstasy [ekst0zi] n. welaare (nde).
ecstatic [ekst0tik] adj. beltiicfo.
ecumenical [eky0menik0l] adj. ko
hubtodini; kubtodincfum.
edify [ed0fay] v. nehde, janginde.
educator [ed0keyt0] n. janginoowo (o). He
is an educator Ko o jal^nginoowo.
efface [ifeys] v. momtude.
effective [ifektiv] adj. ko hawri It is
effective today cfum fucfcfiima hande.
effervesce [ef0rv0s] v. fucftude; fasde;
addude paali.
effervescent [ef0rv0s0nt] adj. ko addata
paali.
efficient [efiys0nt] adj. ko hawri.
effloresce [eflores] v. fiindude.
effractor [efrakt0] n. gujjo (o).
effuse [efyuwz] v. yaajnude; rufde.
effusion [efyuw30n] n. dufgol (ngol).
160
egest [ijest] v. yaltinde.
egestion [ijesc0n] n. jaltingol (ngol).
eggression [igr0s0n] n. jaltugol (ngol).
ego [iygow] n. hooram; ko faati e necfcfo.
egoism [igowizm] n. hooram hooram.
egoist [igowist] adj. hooram hooreejo.
egress [igres] v. yaltude.
eighty [eyti] num. capancfe jeetati.
eighteen [eytiyn] num. sappo e jeetati.
either [iy60] pron. gooto; kala. ~ side
bangeeji kala.
ejaculator [ej0kyuwleyt0] n. kanoowo (o).
ejection [ejeks0n] n. jaltingol.
eke [iyk] v. yaajnude, mawninde.
elapse [ilaps] v. bennude. Two hours have
already elapsed Waktuuji cficfi bennii.
elate [ileyt] v. weltinde.
elated [ileyt0d] adj. beltiicfo. / am elated
Mbecfe weltii.
elation [ileys0n] n. weltaare (nde).
elect [ilekt] v. subaade. Who did you elect
Hoi mo cubicfon?
election [ileks0n] n. cubagol (ngol)-, woote
(o).
elector [ilekt0] n. cubotoocfo; gootoowo
(o).
electorate [ilektr0t] n. subotoobe (de)-,
wootoobe (de).
electrocute [ilektr0kyuwt] v. wardude
jeyngol kuuraa.
elegant [el0g0nt] adj. joocfcfo, joocfcfum,
ko yoodi, ko hawri.
elegize [el0jayz] v. woytaade.
elegy [el0ji] n. yimre (nde).
elicit [el0sit] v. yaltinde.
eliminator [el0mineyt0] n. jaltinoowo (o);
baroowo (o).
elision [elyz0n] n. momtugol (ngol).
elk [elk] n. kooba (ha).
ellipsis [elips0s] n. momtugol (ngol).
eloign [eloyn] v. wocfcfitaade.
elongation [el0pgeys0n] n. juutnugol
(ngol), juurtugol (ngol).
else [els] adv. gocfcfo. something ~ huunde
wonde.
elucidate [elyuws0deyt] v. labbinde.
elude
elude [elyuwd] v. wappaade; majjinde.
emanate [emaneyt] v. ummaade e; iwde e.
emancipation [em0ns8peys0n] n.
ndimaagu (tigu)\ Tellitaare (nde). ~ from
slavery kebgol ndimaagu yimbe. women’s
~ Tellitaare rewbe.
embargo [embogow] v. hacfde.
embark [embok] v. jolde e laana.
embarrass [embar0s] v. jiibde, hersinde. /
am really embarrassed Mi hersii no
feewi.
embitter [0mbit0] v. lamminde; hartude.
emblaze [0mbleyz] v. hubbude; jawwude.
emboss [0mbos] v. Tuulnude.
emend [0mend] v. saatde; feewnitde.
emigrate [em0greyt] v. ferde; hocfde e leydi
njanandi.
emigration [em0greys0n] /?. fergo (ngo).
eminence [emin0ns] n. lolla (o); lollugol
(ngdi).
eminent [emin0nt] adj. lollucfo.
emit [emit] v. yaltinde.
emperor [empr0] n. laamcfo (o).
emplace [empleys] v. wacfde e nokku.
employment [imploym0nt] n. liggeey (o);
gollal (ngal). He is unemployed O
liggaaki.
enable [ineyb0l] v. wallude. This
procedure will enable you to see better
Ma cfum beydu giile maa.
encephalon [insef0lon] /?. ngaandi (ndi).
enchant [inc0nt] v. dabaade.
enchanter [inc0nt0] /;. dabotoocfo (o).
encompass [ir)komp0s] v. rendinde,
naatnude.
encore [arjkor] n. kadi,
encourage [i5k0rij] v. wallude. He needs to
be encouraged Omo foti walleede.
encouragement [ipk0r)rij] n. ballital (ngal),
encumber [ir)k0mb0] v. hacfde; leeltinde.
endemic [end0mik] adj. ko faati e nokku
walla e yimbe.
endless [endles] adj. duumicfum, ko
gasataa, ko duumii. His talk is endless
haala makko gasataa.
endorse [0ndors] v. jabde, semmbinde;
wonande. We endorse your bid Ko aan
min ngonani.
endow [indaw] v. rokkude.
161
environment
energetic [en0ij0tik] adj. caascfo;
doolnucfo.
enervate [en0rveyt] n. lohnude, tampinde.
enfeeble [enfiyb0l] v. lohnude; tampinde.
enfold [enfowld] v. soomde.
engage [ir)geyj] v. wacfde; wonde e ;
haljude.
engaged [ipgeyjd] adj. 1) kaljucfo 2)
kumanaado. He is engaged O humanii,
Omo halji.
engrave [ingreyv] v. windude.
enhance [inhens] v. teeI3tinde.
enigma [0nigm0] n. huunde nde laabaani.
enjoin [injoyn] v. weltaade.
enlighten [inlayt0n] v. janginde.
enlistee [enlistiy] //. bindaacfo; bindiicfo.
ennui [anwi] n. haabre (nde).
enough [inAf] adv. joncfum; ko yoni. It is
enough cfum yonii.
enormous [in0rm0s] adj. mawnucfum; ko
mawni.
enrage [inreyj] v. seknude.
enrich [0nric] v. alcfinde. They enriched
the country be ngalcfinii leydi ndi.
enroll [inrowl] v. windude necfcfo.
enrollment [inrowlm0nt] n. bindagol
(ngdl).
ensconce [inskans] v. suucfaade; suucfde.
entail [inteyl] v. jibinde.
entente [0ntant] n. nanondiral (ngal).
entertain [0nt0rteyn] v. weltinde.
enthuse [0n0yuwz] v. weltaade.
enthusiastic [0n0yuzy0st0k] adj. beltiicfo.
entire [intay0] adj. fof. the ~ population
Yimbe leydi fof
entity [ent0ti] n. huunde woodnde.
entourage [ant0raj] n. 1) wondiibe (be) 2)
saraaji (di).
entrain [0ntreyn] v. jolde e laana njoorndi.
entrant [0ntr0nt] n. naatoowo (o).
entreat [0ntriyt] v. fiaagaade.
entrepot [0ntr0pO] n. mooftirde kaake.
enumeration [0nyuwm0reys0n] //. limtugol
(ngdl).
enunciate [en0nseyt] v. wowlude.
enunciation [enAnseys0n] n. wowlaango
(ngo).
environment [invayr0nm0nt] n. sara (o);
saraaji (cfi).
envisage
envisage [envazeyj] v. miijaade.
envy [envi] //. kiram (dam). He is espouse [espawz] v. Tettude, naatde e. I do
watching you with envy Omo wacfti e
maa yiitere.
envy v. wacftude yiitere.
epenthesis [epen00sis] //. naatnugol
wowlaango.
epicene [ep0cen] adj. ko faati e debbo e estimation [est0meys0n] n. hiisa (o).
gorko.
epidemiology [epid0my0l0ji] n. jangde estrange [estreynj] v. seerndude; seerde.
nabbuuli. He studies epidemiology O estreat [estriyt] n. bindi gadani; ko
jangata ko jangde nabbuuli.
epidermis [ep0d0rm0s] n. nguru (ngii).
epiglottis [ep0glowt0s] n. cfakane (o).
epilate [ep0leyt] v. borde leebi.
epilepsy [ep0lepsi] n. cinnel gujjo.
epileptic [ep0lektik] adj. ko faati e cinnel ethnic [eGnik] adj. ko faati e lenol/ngendi.
gujjo.
epilogue [ep0lowg] n. haala (ka).
epistle [epis0l] n. bataake (o).
epitaph [ep0taf] u. binndi e yanaande.
epoch [ep0k] n. sahaa (o); saanga (o);
mudda (o).
equality [ikwal0ti] n. potal (ngal).
equalize [ikw0layz] v. fondude.
equilibrate [ekw0l0breyt] v. fondude.
equitation [0kw0teys0n] n. dognugol
puccu.
equity [ekw0ti] n. potal (ngal).
equivocal [ekwivowk0l] adj. ko laabaani;
nibbidcfum.
eradicate [erad0keyt] v. momtude; ittude.
erasure [irey30] //. momtugol (ngdl).
ergot [erg0t] n. naw lecfcfe.
err [er] v. selde; lowwirde.
error [er0] n. juumre (nde). He made an
error O juum.
eruct [erAkt] v. ahde.
eructate [erAkteyt] v. ahde.
erupt [erApt] v. fliccitaade.
eruption [erAps0n] n. puccitaagol (ngdl).
escalade [esk0leyd] n. t3abbirg61 seel,
escalate [esk0leyt] v. beydude.
eschew [escuw] v. wocfaade.
escort [eskot] v. yahdude e; cfoftude.
esophagus [0zowf0g0s] n. kojombol
(ngdl).
esperance [esp0rens] n. cfamaawu (o).
162
evince
espionage [0spyownaj] n. nukindaare (nde).
not espouse that point of vieyv Mi alaa e
ngoon miijo.
essence [es0ns] n. ngooroondi (ndi)\ qiimaa
(o).
estate [esteyt] n. leydi (ndi).
estivate [est0veyt] v. seecfde.
waanjaaka; ko waanjitaaka.
etape [etap] n. jippunde (nde)\ yahdu
fialawma kuurcfo.
eternity [it0rn0ti] n. huunde nde alaa
happu; abada.
the Fulani ~ group ngendi Fulbe.
ethnology [e0nowl0ji] n. jangde leTTi.
etiolate [0tiy0leyt] v. ranwinde.
etude [etud] n. jangde (nde).
eudemonia [yuwd0mowny0] n. weltaare
(nde).
eulogize [yuwl0jayz] v. mande, mantude.
euphonious [yuwfowny0s] adj. belcfum; ko
weli.
euthermic [yuwGermik] adj. gulnojum; ko
wulnata.
evacuate [ivaky0weyt] v. yaltinde.
Evacuate the building Njaltee e hubeere
nde.
evactuation [ev0kyuweyt] n. jaltingol
(ngdl).
evanesce [ev0nes] v. majjude, wirnaade.
evasion [ivey30n] n. boccitaagol (ngdl).
evening [iyvniq] n. jamma (o).
ever [ev0] adv. gila. ~ and anon sahaa
sahaa. ~ since gila. ~ more haa abada.
every [evri] adj. kala. -body necfcfo kala;
moni kala. ~ day nande kala.
evict [evikt] v. yaltinde. He was evicted
from his house O yaltina e galled makko.
evidence [evid0ns] n. huunde teeFjtinoore;
sabaabu (o). You have no evidence A alaa
sabaabu.
evident [evid0nt] adj. laabcfum;
paamnicfum; ko yalti; ko laabi, ko faamnii.
evil [iyv0l] n. bone (cfe);
bonande (nde). the ~ eye yiitere bonde.
evince [0vins] v. hollirde.
evocation
exult

evocation [evowkeys0n] ciftingol. expire [ekspay0] v. gasde; joofde. The

evoke [evowk] v. siftinde. delay expires today Lajal ngal gasata ko
exaggeration [egz0j0reys0n] n. pantingol hande.
(ngdl)\ burtingol (ngol). explicit [ekspl0sit] adj. ko laabi; ko
exalt [egzalt] v. mande; mantude. faamnii.
exaltation [egz0lteys0n] /?. manoore (tide). explosion [eksplow30n] ti. puccitaagol
(ngol)
exasperate [egz0sp0reyt] v. seknude,
haabnude. expound [ekspawnd] v. faccirde.
excavator [eksk0veyt0] n. gasoowo (o). express [ekspres] v. haalde, wiide. You
need to express your opinion Acfa foti
excerpt [eks0rpt] n. windande ittaande e
hollirde miijo maa.
deftere.
expression [ekspr0s0n] ti. haala (ka)\
excise [eksayz] n. lempoo (o); duwaan (o).
kongol (ngol).
exclusion [ekskluwz0n] ti. jaltingol (ngol).
expulsion [eksp0ls0n] ti. jaltingol (ngdl)\
excrete [ekscriyt] v. seemdude; yaltinde. diiwgol (ngol).
excursion [eksk0ij0n] n. cfangal dabbal. expunge [ekspAnj] v. momtude.
excuss [iksk0s] v. teetde, hebtude. exquisite [ekskw0z0t] adj. ko yoocfi;
execrate [ekskreyt] v. ande. joocfcfum.
executor [egz0kit0] n. bacfoowo (o); exscind [eksind] v. taTde.
baroowo (o). extant [ekst0nt] adj. gocfcfucfum; ko
exemplary [egz0mpl0ri] adj. ko foti woodi.
nemtineede, nemtinteecfum. extemporize [ekst0mp0rayz] v. haalde.
exhale [eksheyl] v. yaltinde foofaango. extend [ekstend] v. juutnude. ~ a welcome
exhaust [egzost] v. l)gasnude 2) tampude. jabbaade.
/ am exausted MbeCle tampi. extensible [ekstens0b0l] adj.
exhaustion [egzOsc0n] n. tampere (tide). portotoocfum, ko ina fortoo; ko ina fortee.
exhort [egzot] v. waajaade. extension [ekstens0n] v. portagol (tigdl)\
exhume [egzuwm] v. ubbitde. pooTtagol (ngol).
existent [egz0st0nt] adj. goodcfum, ko extent [ekst0nt] n. njuuteendi (tidi)\
woodi. njaajeendi (tidi).
exogamy [egzowg0mi] ti. dewgal ngal extol [ekstowl] v. mande; mantude.
wonaa hakkunde fasiraabe. extractor [ekstrakt0] ti. oogoowo (o).
exorbitant [egzob0t0nt] adj. burtucfum; ko extradition [ekstr0diys0n] n. nawtugol
burti. mooliicfo.
exorcise [egzosayz] v. wilde; riiwde sukuna extrajudicial adj. caggal naawoore; ko yalti
walla jinne. naawoore.
exorcist [egzOs0st] ti. bileejo (o). extrapolate [ekstr0p0leyt] v. hiisaade;
exotic [egzowtik] adj. ko jeyaaka e leydi. miijaade.
expatriate [eksp0treyt] v. yaltinde leydi. extravagance [ekstr0v0g0ns] //. burtugol
(ngol)
expectorate [ekspektowreyt] v. haaktaade,
extreme [ekstriym] adj. burtucfum; ko
expedite [exp0dayt] v. yaawnude.
burti. carry to burtinde.
expeller [expel0] ti. diiwoowo (o);
extremist [ekstriym0st] n. burtucfo (o).
jaltinoowo (o).
extricate [ekstr0keyt] v. jiktude.
expend [ekspend] v. feraade.
exult [egzAlt] V. weltaade

163
fable fart

fable [feybal] n. tindol (ngol). aggitaade. ~ from a hook tebbitaade. to ~

fabric [fabrik] n. bagi (o). strips of ~ leppi out with luurdude.
(di). rolled ~ sollewol (ngol). strip of ~ fallacious [fal9s8s] adj. puuntoowo;
for carring a baby mbootu (ngid). puuntojum; ko fliuntata.
fabricate [fabrakeyt] v. feewnude. fallow [falow] v. remde; cfoofde.
fabrics [fabraks] n. bagiiji (di). false [fols] adj. ko yubbaani; ko faati e
facade [fasad] n. galle (o); gaalcfi (di)', fenaande; ko wonaa goonga. He made a
kalasal (ngal). false accusation A haalaani goonga.
face [feys] n. yeeso (ngo). side of the ~ falsify [folsafay] v. waylude.
hanawere. make a ~ X]oQibdt. face to face falter [folta] v. juumde.
kuccondiral (ngal). fame [feym] n. daraja (o); lollugol (ngol).
face [feys] v. huccitde. You face the east familiar [femiylya] adj. goowcfo. I am not
when you say your prayers So acfa juula familiar with this area Mi woowaani
kuccittaa ko Fucfnaange. nokku o.
facial [feysal] adj. ko faati e yeeso. familiarize [f9miyly9rayz] v. woownude;
facilitate [fosolateyt] v. weebnude. anndinde.
fact [fakt] //. huunde woodnde. It is a fact family [famali] n. besngu (ngu). ~ tree
that cannot be denied Ecfum woodi tigi. lenol (ngol). Where is your family Hoi
factor [fakt9] n. sabaabu (o). One must to galle maa woni?
take this factor into consideration Acfa famine [faman] n. heege (nge).
foti Teewde o sabaabu. famous [feymas] adj. darjucfo he is really
factual [fakcal] adj. goodcfum, ko woodi. famous Omo daiji.
fade [feyd] v. furde; iwde. The color has fan [fan] n. bokkirgal (ngal)', bokkirde
faded away cfum flirii (nde)', taafiya (o).
faeces [fiysiz] n. jaane (de)', kuudi (ndi). fan [fan] v. wifde; bokkude. ~ flies ayvay
fag [fag] V. liggaade; tampinde. bokkude. ~ insects away from oneself
bokkaade.
fagot [fagat] n. wahre lecfcfe.
fancy [fansi] n. miijo.
fail [feyl] v. ronkude; horaade. ~ to
recognize faaytude. My sight is failing fancy [fansi] v. miijaade; yicfde. Fancy
Giilaam inan ngustoo. meeting you here Mi miijanooki yiide ma
cfoo. I fancy you Acfa weli mi.
failure [feyl0] n. ronkere (nde).
fanning [fanip] n. wifhgo (ngo), bifgol
fain [feyn] adj. beltiicfo.
(ngol).
faint [feynt] v. facfcfaade he fainted ko o
far [fa] adv. gocfcfucfum; poocfticfum. ~
pacfcfiido. fainting [feyntip] n. pacfcfagol
(ngol). recover from ~ cfiftude. He has side bal3I]e haamo. It is far Ina wocfcfi.
recovered from fainting O facfcfinooma farce [fars] n. gaajaare (nde).
kono o cfiftii. fare [fer] n. paas (o). How much is the fare
fair [fer] adj. hakkundeejo; laabcfo. No paas o fbti.
faith [fey6] n. diine (o). put ~ in hoolaade. farewell [ferwel] n. baynondiral (ngal)',
baynagol (ngol).
faithful [feyGfol] adj. cfowtiicfo.
farm [fam] n. ngesa (ba). ~ at the bank of
fake [feyk] v. wontinaade. He faked his
a river falo (ngo).
death O maaykini.
farm [fam] v. remde.
falcon [falkon] n. ciilal (ngal).
farmer [fama] n. demoowo (o). group of ~
fall [fol] n. libre (nde).
s kaw (o).
fall [fol] V. yande, flikkaade; saamde,
fart [fart] n. riicfde (nde)', puttere (nde).
bobbaade; bappaade. ~ on hakkaade. ~
on one's bottom deppaade ~ from fart [fart] v. puttude; riicfde.

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farther
fierce

farther [fard0] adj. ko buri wocfcfude. ~ feeding [fiydig] n. nammingol (ngdl)',

end joofhirde (nde). dumugol (ngdl).
fascinate [fas0neyt] v. haawde. feel [fiyl] v. bocfcfude; memde. ~ better
fashion [fas0n] n. huunde jolnde; ko joli; ko cfiftude. '-for membaade. to ~ one's way
kewi. membaade.
fashionable [fas0n0b0l] adj. jolcfo; kewcfo; feet [fiyt] n. teppe (cfe) ; koycfe (cfe). Lower
ko joli. your feet Tellin koycfe maa.
fast [fast] V. hoorde. / am fastinu Ko mi feint [feynt] v. wappaade.
koorcfo. felicitate [f0l0s0teyt] v. yettude.
fasting [fastig] n. koorka (ka)\ hoomgo felicity [f0l0siti] n. welamma (o).
(figo). fellow [fel0w] n. jahdiicfo (o); gondiicfo (o).
fasten [fas0n] v. 1) jokkude; habbude 2) He is my fellow countryman Minen
tirde. Fasten your belt Habbu dadorde njeydaa e nokku gooto.
maa. felon [fel0n] n. tooncfo (o).
fastigious [f0tiyj0s] adj. tiicfcfum; ko tiicfi. female [fiymeyl] adj. rewru; jarlal; njarlu.
fat [fat] n. bellere (nde). feminine [f0m0nin] adj. rewru; ko faati e
fat [fat] adj. paycfo; butto bellincfo. debbo.
fatal [feyt0l] adj. barojum; ko warata. fence [fens] n. kalasal (ngalf, galle. woven
father [fad0] n. baaba (o); baabiraacfo (o); reed ~ hurgo (ngo).
pucfcfucfo (o). ~ in-law esiraacfo gorko. fend [fend] v. tiicfnaade.
like ~ like son O artii baaba makko. ferocious [f0rows0s] adj. nangucfo.
fathom [fa00m] n. kiisorgal luggeendi. ferry [feri] n. baag (o).
fatigue [f0tiyg] n. tampere (nde). ferryboat [feribowt] n. baag (o).
fatness [fatnes] n. fayfayru (ndu). fertile [f0rtayl] adj. ko jibinta; jibinoowo. ~
fatten [fat0n] v. faynude; butticfinde. soil wallere (nde).
faucet [fawset] n. robine (o). fertilizer [f0rt0layz0] n. angare (o).
fauna [fown0] n. baroocfe (cfe) fetch [fee] v. addoyde. ~ water for
favor [feyv0] v. jingande; wonande. Toogande.
favorite [feyvrit] adj. cubaaacfo, burcfo. fetish [fetis] n. sanama (o).
fawn-colored [fonkal0d] adj. cooycfucfo. fetter [fet0] n. tongol (ngdl).
fear [fiy0] n. kulol (ngdl). He has no fear feud [fyuwd] n. hare (nde)', luural (ngal).
Alaa ko o huli. fever [fiyv0] n. ayto (ngo)', oppere (nde)',
fearless [fiy0les] adj. cuuscfo reedu. He is paawngal (ngal).
fearless Alaa ko o huli. feverish [fivris] adj. oppaacfo; paawnucfo.
feasible [fiyz0b0l] adj. ko wonata. He is feverish Ko mi paawngucfo.
feast [fiyst] n. botoboto (o); kew. few [l^w] pron. seecfa; ko heewaani.
feather [fe50] n. sige (o): boro (ngo). fiance [fyanse] n. TamTamo gorko,
kumancio; kumanaacfo.
feature [fiyc0] n. mbaadi (ndi).
fiancee [fyanse] n. TamTamo debbo;
feck [fek] n. doole (cfe).
kumanaacfo.
fecund [fekAnd] adj. jibinoowo; ko jibinta.
fib [fib] n. fenaande (nde).
fed [fed] adj. namminaacfo. ~ up kaabcfo.
fiber [fayb0] n. baami
fee [fiy] n. njobdi (ndi)', alamaan (o). You
fiddle [fid0l] n. naanooru (ndu).
should pay the fee Acfa foti yobde
alamaan. fiddler [fidl0] n. fiaanoowo (o).
feeble [fiyb0l] adj. lohcfo, mo doolnaani. fidelity [fid0l0ti] n. cfowtaare (nde),
cfowtagol (ngdl).
feed [fiyd] v. namminde. He is feeding the
child Omon hammina cukalel ngel. fief [fyef] n. nokku (o).
feeder [fiyd0] n. namminoowo (o). field [fiyld] n. waykala (o); ngesa (ha).
fierce [fiyrs] adj. nangucfo.

165
fifteen
fifteen [fiftiyn] tmm. sappo e joy.
fifth [fifB] ord. joyabo(o); joyabal (ngal).
fiftieth [fifceG] ord. capancfe joyabo
fight [fayt] fi. hare (tide) small ~ bandotoocfo (o) 2) cubballo (o).
l^urtu^urtu (o)
fight [fayt] V. habde; habeede. ~ back
habtaade. They are fighting Eben kaba.
figure [figa] n. tagoodi (ndi).
file [fayl] v. mooftude.
fill [fil] V. hebbinde. ~ for loowande. ~ up
hebbinde.
filly [fili] n. mboomri (ndi).
film [filam] n. sinamaa (o).
filter [filta] V. siiwtude.
filth [fil0] n. tuundi (ndi).
filthy adj. ko tunwi, tunwucfum. The
place is filthy Nokku o ina tunwi.
filtrate [filtreyt] v. siiwtude.
final [fayna] adj. battano.
finalist [faynalist] n. battindiicfo (o).
find [faynd] v. yiitude; tawde. ~ again
tawtude. I will find you there Ma mi tawe
toon.
finding [fayindip] n. tawngo (ngo), jiitugol
(ngol).
fine [fayn] n. alamaan (o); naamre (nde).
How much is the fine no alamaan o foti?
finger [fipa] n. fecfeendu (ndu). point with
one’s ~ yobnaade.
finish [finis] v. gasnude; joofnude,
timminde. ~ work jippaade. ~ wedding
days dambitaade.
finished [finist] adj. gascfum; ko gasi. be ~
bantude; gasde; fusde; timmude, tasde The
food is finished namri ndi gasii.
finite [faynayt] adj. ko jogii happu.
fire [fay0] n. jayngol (ngol). Put out the
fire Nif jayngol ngol.
fire [fay0] v. 1) riiwde 2) fellude. He was
fired yesterday O riiwaama hanki.
firefly [fay0flay] n. sowti (o).
fireplace [fay0pleys] n. haatande (nde).
firm [f0rm] adj. ko tiicfi; ko tekki.
firmament [f0rm0m0nt] n. kammu (o).
first [f0rst] ord. gadano. be ~ idaade. ~ of
all ko adii kala.
firstborn [f0stborn] n. afo (o). He is my
first born kanko woni afo am.
fish [fis] n. liingu (ngu). ~ bite I3obdi (ndi).
!•
flirt
fish [fis] V. awde; saftaade, wan"daade,
bisaade; wubbude.
fisherman [fis0m0n] n. 1) gawoowo (o);
fishing [fisip] n. awo (ngo). ~ net mbaala
(ka)\ jalla. ~ net with hooks d661il]13e (o)
fissure [fis0] n. eebol (ngol).
fist [fist] n. womre (nde). ~ fight
gobbondiral (ngal).
fit [fit] V. heTde; fotde. The pants do not fit
Tuuba ba fotaani.
fitting [fitiij] n. pondugol (ngol).
five [fayv] num. joy.
fix [fiks] V. feewnude; feewnitde, teppude;
sinde; wuggude. He is fixing the car O
woni ko e feewnude oto o.
fixed [fikst] adj. deeTcfum; peewnitaacfum;
ko feewnitaa.
fizgig [fizgig] n. debbo pidducfo.
flaccid [flas0d] adj. leefcfum; leefcfo.
flag [flag] n. araaraay (o).
flake [fleyk] n. hobbitande (nde).
flame [fleym] n. lewlewndu (ndu)\ mellewol
(ngol). hurst into-s jawwude, jappude.
flank [fla;]k] n. wuttuldu (ndu).
flap [flap] V. flide.
flash [flas] n. majaango (ngo).
flash [flas] v. majde; ilbude, hubbude.
flat [flat] adj. berkacfum; lertucfum. lay ~
hippaade
flatten [flat0n] v. berkude; melde, lertinde.
flatter [flat0] v. awlude; neende; fuuntude.
flatterer [flat0r0] n. batilo (o).
flattery [flat0ri] n. neenre (nde)-, fuunti (o).
flaunt [flont] v. naaXde, hollirde.
flavor [fleyv0] n. dakam (dam)-, dakame
(de).
flay [fley] v. huttude.
flea [fliy] n. hoowoyre (nde)
flee [fliy] v. dogde. ~fast siirtaade.
fleer [fliy0] v. jalkitde; seknoraade.
flesh [flesh] n. teew (ngu).
flick [flik] V. I]6msude; ficfcfude; sinnude.
flight [flayt] n. diwgol (ngolf, diwal (ngal).
flinch [flinc] v. ruucfaade, wappaade.
fling [flig] V. werlaade.
flint [flint] n. haayre (nde).
flirt [fl0rt] V. gerde, tappisaade.
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float forge

float [flowt] V. humbude; hayde. The boat foolish [fuwlis] adj. puuycfo; puuycfum;
is still floating Ekan haya haa jooni. kaangaacfo; kaangacfum; cfaaycfum.
floating [flowtig] n. hayngo (tigo)\ foolishness [fliwlssnes] n. cfaayre (nde).
kummbugol (ngdl). foot [fiiwt] n. teppere (nde)\ yabbirde
flood [flAd] n. ilam (cfam)\ waame (o); amo (nde). ~ of an animal holsere (nde). ~
(ngo)\ feeteeto (ngo). track felo (ngo).
flood [flAd] V. waamde; ilde. football [fliwtbol] n. fliku (o).
floor [flor] n. leydi (iidi). take the ~ footprint [fliwtprint] n. felo (ngo)\
Tettude kongol. yaobande (nde).
flora [flowra] n. lecfcfe (cfe). footstep [fuwtstep] n. felo (ngo)\ yabbande
flour [flaw0] n. conndi (ndi). steamed ~ (nde).
lacciri (ndi). for [far] conj. pur; sabi. I did it for you Ko
flourish [flaris] v. fiindude; Yellitaade. aan tagi mi wacfde cfum.
flout [flawt] V. jalkitde; ande. foray [fsrey] v. honde.
flow [flow] V. waamde; bulde; faccude. ~ forbear [forber] v. munde.
heavily uccitaade. forbid [fsbid] v. hajaade; hacfde, harminde.
flower [flaws] n. piindi (ndi). forbidden [fsrbidsn] adj. karmucfum; ko
flu [flu] n. ayto (ngo). harmi; ko hacfaa It is forbidden Ko ko
fluff [flAfj V. juumde. hacfaa.
flute [fluwt] n. liital (ngal)\ semdu (ndi4)\ force [fos] n. sembe (o); forso (o): doole
coorumbal (ngal). (cfe).
flutter [flAts] n. dillere (nde). force [fos] V. waawnude; forsude. take by ~
teetde. ~ one's way through obstacles
fly [flay] n. mbuubu (nga). urnaade.
fly [flay] v. diwde; weeyde. make ~ ford [fod] n. juuwde (nde).
diwnude.
ford [fod] V. juuwde.
foal [fowl] n. pucel.
fore [fowr] gadiicfo.
foam [fowm] n. nguufa (ka).
forearm [forOm] n. jungo (ngo).
focus [fowkss] V. teel^tinde; wacftude
hakkille.
forefather [forfads] n. mawcfo gadiicfo.
fold [fold] n. cowol (ngdl), forefinger [forfi^S] n. sappordu (ndu).
fold [fold] V. sowde. ~ oneself while lying forefront [forlfsnt] n. yeeso (ngo).
down tumpilaade. ~ disorderly tiggude. forego [forgow] v. aditaade.
foliage [folysj] n. baramlefi (di). forehead [forked] n. tiinde (nde).
folk [fok] n. yimbe (be), my ~s koreeji am. foreign [foren] adj. tumaranke; caggal
leydi.
follow [falow] V. rewde; abbaade,
siindaade. ~ one's footsteps again foreigner [forens] n. tumarake (o); arani
rewtaade ~ again abbitaade, rewtude. ~ (o). He is a foreigner Ko o tumaranke.
one another abbondirde; reggondirde, foreignhood [forenhud] n. tumarakaagal
sorbondirde. (ngal).
folly [fall] n. kaacfi (cfi). forenoon [fornuwn] n. subaka.
foment [foment] v. Tellitde. foresight [forsayt] n. tijjagol (ngdl).
fond [fond] adj. jicfcfo. I am fond of her forest [fowrest] n. wuutufere (nde)\ mbolo
Mbecfe yidfi mo. (ngo)\ ladde lecrcfe.
fondle [fandsl] v. moomde. forestall [forstol] v. reentinde.
food [fuwd] n. namri (ndi). ~ supplies forewarn [forworn] v. reentinde.
naamateeri (ndi). forfeit [forfst] v. hebteede; hacfeede ~
fool [fliwl] n. kaangaacfo (o); cfaaycfo (o). one's word luutndaade kongol mum.
You are a fool ko a kaangaacfo. forge [foj] n. mbayla (ka).
forge [foj] V. tafde, waylude.

167
forging frown

forging [fojir)] n. tafhgo (ngo). free [friy] v. cfaccude; jooktude; biltude;

forget [forget] v. yejjitde; diwde hakkille; cfaccitde. ~ one's arm suddenly
saalitde. I forgot to tell you Mi yejjit bikkitaade. ~ something suddenly
haalande ma. bikkitde. ~ a slave rimcfinde.
forgetful [forgetfol] adj. jejjitoowo, freeborn [friybom] n. dimo (o).
keewcfo jejji. freedom [friydam] n. jey hooremum;
forgetfulness [forgetfolnes] n. jejji (di). ndimaagu hooremum.
forgive [forgiv] v. yaafaade, yarlaade; freeman [ffiyman] n. dimo (o).
accande. Please forgive me Tiinno yaafo French [frens] n. farayse (o): faranse (o).
mi. frequency [friykwansi] n. jo e jo.
forgiveness [forgivnes] n. yaafliya (o). frequent [ffiykw0nt] adj. ko woni sahaa
fork [fok] n. furset (o); salndu (ndu). sahaa kala.
former [fomo] adj. gadiicfo. fresh [ffes] adj. buubcfum; kecco;
fornicate [fornokeyt] v. jinde. keccicfCTum. ~ milk biracfam (dam)',
kecfcfam (dam).
forsake [forseyk] v. harminde; cfaccude.
fortieth [forcef] ord. capancfe nayabo. freshness [fresnes] n. keccol (ngol)', buubol
(ngol).
fortify [fortofay] v. sembinde.
Friday [fraydi] n. aljumaa (o).
fortnight [fortnayt] n. jonte cficfi.
friend [ffend] n. sehil (o): gicfo (o): teeri
fortunate [forcnOt] adj. malaacfo; gaabcfo. (o); musicfcfo.
He is very fortunate Omo malaa no
friendly [frendli] adj. cakalo.
feewi.
friendship [frends0p] /?. cehilaagal (ngal)',
fortune [forcOn] //. ngalu (ngii)\ danal
musidaagal (ngal).
(ngal). ~ teller tiimoowo (o).
fright [frayt] n. kulol (ngdl).
forty [foti] num. capancfe nay.
frighten [frayt0n] v. hulbinde; weftilde;
forward [fowod] v. yettinde.
ruubde; gidde. It is frightening Ina
forward [fowod] adv. ko faati e yeeso; ko hulbinii.
fayi arde.
frightened [frayt0nd] adj. gidaacfo; kulcfo,
foster [fosto] v. nehde; diwnude. beftilaacfo.
foul [fawl] /?. toonange (nge). fringe [frinj] n. sara (o); takko (o); cilbi
found [fawnd] v. sosde. (di).
found [fawnd] adj. tawaacfo. frisk [frisk] v. birgude.
foundation [fawndeysOn] n. noorol (ngol). fritter [frit0] n. wenere (tide).
founder [fawndo] n. coscfo (o); pucfcfucfo frog [frog] ti. faaburu (ndu).
(o). He is the founder of this town Ko frolic [frolik] v. birgude.
kanko sosi ngo wuro.
from [fr0m] prep. iwdi. Where are you
fourteen [fotiyn] num. sappo e nay. from Hoi to njeyacfaa.^ / am from dog he
fourth [fo0] ord. nayabo; nayabal. Njeyaami ko boghe.
fowl [fawl] n. gerlal (ngal). frond [frond] ti. lefol (ngol)', baramlefol
fox [foks] n. boy (o). (ngol).
fracture [frakca] v. helde; tokkitde. front [front] ti. tiinde (tide)', yeeso ngo.
fracture [frakc0] n. helande (nde)\ kelal frontier [fr0ntiy0] ti. keerol (ngol). The
(ngal). Senegal river is the frontier hetiveen
fragment [fragmant] n. helande (nde)\ Senegal and Mauritania Ko maayo
taTande (tide). Senegal woni keerol hakkunde Muritani e
Senegaal.
frankly [fraqkli] adj. e nuuncfal.
frost [frost] ti. penndagol (ngol).
fraud [frod] n. nguyka (ka)\ fliunti (o).
froth [fro0] ti. nguufa (ka).
fraudulent [frodyuwlant] adj. ko faati e
nguyka walla fliunti. frown [frawn] v. nirbinaade.

168
frozen
frozen [frowzan] adj. ko fenndii. It is
frozen Ko ko fendii.
fruit [fmwt] n. bingel lecfcfe.
fruitful [fruwtfal] adj. ko nafata. It ii’as not
a fruitful meeting Deental ngal nafaani.
frustrate [frAstreyt] v. haabnude; haljinde. I
am frustrated Mi haabi.
fry [fray] v. sahde. Are you going to fry
that meat Ko a cahoowo teew ngu?
fry [fray] n. andoonde (nde)\ bujubuju (o).
fuck [fAk] V. bolkude; hoowde.
fugitive [fyuwjativ] /?. dogcfo (o). He is a
fugitive Ko o dogcfo.
Fula [fiila] n. cfemngal Fulbe.
Fulani [fulani] /?. Fulbe (be)\ Pullo (o).
fulfill [fulfil] V. timminde; wacfde. Destiny
has been fulfilled Fodoore naawaama.
full [fiil] adj. keewcfo; ko heewi; kaarcfo. ~
moon baata I am full Mi haarii.
fullness [fulnes] /?. keewal (ngal).
fumble [fi^mbal] v. boccitoreede.
fume [fyuwm] v. suurkude, dumaade.
169
Fuuta
fun [fAn] n. weytaare (nde).
function [fAgks0n] n. liggeey (o); nafoore
(nde).
funeral [fyuwnaral] n. janayse (o).
funny [fAni] adj. jalniicfo; ko jalnii. He is
funny Omo jalnii.
furious [fyuwryas] adj. pilnitiicfo.
furtive [fartiv] adj. gujjittoocfo.
furuncle [fyuwrapkal] n. uure (nde).
fuse [fyuwz] V. saayde.
fusion [fyuwzan] n. caaygol (ngdl)\ deental
(ngal).
fussiness [fAs9nes] n. loobre (nde).
fussy [fAsi] adj. loobcfo.
futile [fyuwtayl] adj. ko nafataa.
future [fyuwc0] n. ko fayi arde in the ~ ko
fayi arde.
Fuuta [fiiwta] n. Fuuta. person from ~
fuutanke (o).
gabble
gabble [gabal] v. lebde.
gabby [gabi] adj. lemsucfo, keewcfo haala.
gaffe [gaf] n. juumre (tide).
gag [gag] V. sukkude hunuko necTcfo.
gage [geyj] v. juknude.
gaiety [geyti] ii. weltaare (tide).
gain [geyn] ti. danal (tigal)
gain [geyn] v. dande; yobeede. ~ strength
niggude. He gained strength O danii
doole.
gainless [geynles] adj. ko alaa nganaari.
gait [geyt] ti. yahdu (tidii).
gala [gala] ti. kew (o).
gale [geyl] ti. hendu mawndu.
gall [gal] ti. taTre (tide), cfeecfagol (tigol).
gallantry [galantri] ti. cuusal (tigal).
galley [gaily] ii. laana (ka).
gallop [gal0p] V. nekkude; dogde.
galore [gOlor] ti. keewal (tigal).
gamble [gambol] ti. wure (o).
gamble [gambal] v. wuraade. He gambles
every day Omo wuroo nalawma kala mo
Alla addi.
gambol [gambal] v. birgude.
game [geym] ti. fijirde (tide), play a ~ fijde.
He is playing a game with his children O
won! ko e fijjude e sukaabe makko.
gamma [gama] ti. alkulal (tigal).
gang [gai]] ti. fedde (tide).
gang [gag] v. yantondirde. They ganged up
against his leadership be call! gardagol
makko.
gangster [ga^sto] ti. band! (o).
gantlet [gantl0t] ii. laabi laana njoorndi.
gap [gap] 11. yelde (tide)\ yolnde (tide),
generation ~ yolnde hakkunde sukaabe e
mawbe.
gar [gar] v. waawnude.
garage [g0ra3] //. mooftirde oto.
garbage [gabij] ii. kurjuru (o). Throw the
garbage away Rufoy kurjuru (o).
garble [gabol] v. jiibde.
garden [godon] ti. nambu (o), sardil3e (o).
He is watering his gardern Omon roosa
sardil3T3e makko.
gargle [gogol] v. wufTaade.
170
generosity
garment [garmOnt] ii. comcol (tigol).
garner [gOnO] ti. faawru (tidii)
garnish [gOnis] v. nenkude.
garniture [gOnicO] ii. nenkudi (iidi).
garrulous [garolos] adj. leboowo.
gas [gas] ti. esaas (o). Put some gas in
your car loow esaas e oto maa.
gasconade [gaskoneyd] v. wasaade.
gash [gas] ii. nibande (tide)', yiwande (tide).
gasp [gasp] V. lehde.
gastric [gastrik] adj. ko faati e reedu.
gastrology [gastrowloji] ii. jangde mbaadi e
nabbuuli reedu.
gate [geyt] ii. damal (tigal)', uddoode (tide).
Open the gate Uddit damal ngal.
gather [godo] v. rendude; rendinde;
moobde. ~ oneself up nongaade. ~ crops
in a crop gathering area gemude. ~ up
moobde, boftude.
gathering [godorig] ii. dendingol (tigol)',
daakande (tide).
gauge [geyj] v. hiisaade.
gauger [geyjo] ii. kiisotoocfo (o).
gaunt [gont] adj. pooYcfo.
gavial [govyol] adj. piyoori.
gawk [gok] V. laarde; flilnitde gite.
gay [gey] adj. 1) beltiicfo 2) debati gorkati.
He is gay Omo weltii.
gaze [geyz] v. laarde; flilnitde gite.
gazelle [gozel] ti. lella (ba).
geld [geld] v. sende puccu.
geminate [jominet] v. tekkinde.
geminate [jominet] ti. alkulal tekkinaangal.
gemination [g0mineys0n] ti. tekkingol
(tigol).
gender [jendo] ti. rewru walla wordu. male
~ wordu; gorko; ngoraagu. female ~
rewru; debbo.
genealogy [jenyaloji] ii. asko (ngof,
innitoore (tide). Please tell me my
genealogy Tiinno askinam.
general [genorol] adj. kubtodincfum.
generate [genoreyt] v. woodnude; jibinde.
generator [genoreyto] ii. 1) ko woodnata;
goodnoowo (o). 2) masif) (o).
generosity [gen0rows0ti] ii. moTTere
(tide)', y2i2L]XQ (tide).
generous glare

generous [genaras] adj. moTTo, jaajcfo. gibe Oayb] v. 1) gaajaade 2) jalkitde;

She is very generous Omo weebi jungo. seknoraade.
genesis [jiynssis] n. iwdi (ndi). gift [gift] n. silafanda (o)\ dokkal (ngal). ~
genetics [jQnetiks] n. jangde ndonu. to inlaws Tamrudi (ndi).
genial [jiynyal] adj. ToTcfo. gifted [giftad] adj. neenucfo; jom neenal.
genie [jeni] n. jinne (o). gig [gig] n. laana (ka).
genital [janital] adj. ko faati e njogoram. gigantesque [jaygantesk] adj. ko mawni.
genius [jiynyas] n. ToTcfo (o)\ peercfo (o)\ gigantic [jaygantik] adj. mawcfo; ko
peertucfo (o). He is a genious Ndaw ko mawni.
ToTi. giggle [gigal] V. jalde; T]oobde.
genocide (j^^^^sayd] n. moobaare (nde), gild [gild] V. sinkude, fjende.
wamgo yimbe lenol. gill [gill] n. suka debbo.
genre [janr] n. sifaa (o). gimel [gimal] n. alkulal (ngal).
gentle [jental] adj. bacfiroowo seese; belcfo gimlet [gimlet] v. yiwde; yulde.
TiiTam; teeycfo.
gin [jin] n. wilde (nde).
gently [jentli] adv. seese; jamjam. Do it
gingival [jinjayval] adj. ko faati e cfakkudi.
gently waaru seese.
gingivitus [jinjavaytas] n. naw cfakkudi.
genuine [jenwin] adj. ko feewi; ko hoolnii,
ko nembaaka. giraffe [jaraf] n. njamala (ba).
geology [jeloji] ti. jangde leydi. gird [g9rd] v. taarnude, howde.
geomancy [jewomansi] ri. tiimgol (ngdl)\ girdle [gardal] n. wudere (nde).
dabare (cfe). girl [gad] n. suka debbo; mboomri (ndi)\
georgic [jorjik] adj. ko faati e ndema. jiwo (o). -friend suka/sehilaacfo debbo.
girlish [gadis] adj. ko faati e suka debbo.
geriatrics [jeryatriks] ti. safaara e
toppitaagol nayeebe. girth [gar0] V. taarnude.
germ (jQrmJ /?. pucfdi (ndi)', iwdi (ndi). gist [jist] n. qiimaa (o).
germane [jermeyn] adj. ko faati e. give [giv] V. rokkude; hokkude; yecfde. ~
germinate [jermineyt] v. fiicfde. each other hokkondirde. ~ birth for the
first time dikkaade. ~ thanks jaarde. ~ up
germinative jjermanativ] adj. ko flicfata.
haaytude. ~ money to an artist juurde. ~
gestate [jasteyt] v. wonde reedu; teddude. birth jibinde. ~ birth to twins ftinaade ~
gestation [jasteysan] n. reedu (ndu). charity sakkaade, nafqude. ~ a reyvard
gesticulate [jastakyuleyt] v. amminirde yeende. ~ ayvay used items biirtinde. ~ a
jungo. child his first bath flikaade. ~ on credit
gesture [jesca] v. amminde. namlude. ~ change weccude, weccande. ~
doyvry tel3de He gave in O cfaccii.
get [get] V. hebde, wonde. ~ into jolde. ~
with hebirde. ~ one's first hath fokeede. give-and-take [givanteyk] adj. maslahaa
(o).
~ ready hebaade. ~ ready for a prayer
heblaade. ~ away dacfde. ~ off tellaade; glace [glase] adj. buubcfum.
jippaade. ~ closer sloyvly and quietly glad [glad] adj. beltiicfo. He is glad that
niooytaade. ~ closer ballade; ballitaade. you arrived safely Omo weltii e jettagol
getable [getabal] adj. ko hebotoo. maa e dow jam e cellal.
ghetto [getow] n. leegal (ngal). gladden [gladan] v. weltinde.
ghost [gowst] n. fittaandu (ndu). glair [gler] n. ndaneeri boccoonde.
giant niawcfo, ko mawni; glaive [glev] n. jaasi (ki)\ silaama (ka).
mawnucfum He is a giant Ndaw ko glamorous [glamaras] adj. joocfcfum, ko
mawni yoocfi.
gibberish [gibaris] n. haala ka faamnaaki. glance [glans] v. leTTaade; letaade,
gibbon [giban] n. waandu (ndu). sunnaade.
glare [gleyr] v. futtinde gite; ftilfiitde gite.

171
glary
glary [gleri] adj. jalbucfum; ko jalbi.
glass [glas] n. daarorgal (ngal); weer (o) a
looking ~ daarorgal (ngal).
glaucoma [glowkoma] n. naw gite.
glaze [gleyz] v. Teewde; laarde.
gleam [gliym] n. sereendu (ndn).
glean [gliyn] v. rendinde.
gleaning [gliynig] v. dendigol (ngol).
glebe [gleb] n. leydi (ndi).
glee [gliy] n. weltaare (nde).
gleet [gliyt] n. mbordi (ndi).
glib [gl9b] adj. kebiicfo; borwucfum.
glide [glayd] v. weeyde.
gilde [glayd] n. alkulal (ngal).
glider [glayda] n. beeyoowo (o).
glimmer [glim0] v. lewnude.
glimpse [glimps] v. leTTaade.
glint [glint] v. jalbude.
glitter [glit9] v. jalbude ~ing ^es gite
jalbucfe.
gloaming [glowmig] n. flituro.
gloat [glowt] V. weltaade.
global [glowb9l] adj. ko hubtodini;
kubtodincfum.
gloom [gluwm] n. nibbere (nde).
gloomy [gluwmi] adj. nibbicTcfum; ko
nibbidi.
glorify [glowrafay] v. mawninde; mantude.
glory [glowri] n. dowlugol (ngol)', manoore
(nde).
glossary [glos9ri] n. limto kongudi.
glow [glow] V. hubbude; jawwude.
gloze [glowz] V. faccirde.
glue [gluw] V. dakkude.
glue [gluw] n. daccere (nde).
glunch [glAnc] v. nirbinaade.
glut [glAt] V. hebbinde.
gluteal [gluwtiyl] adj. ko faati e dote,
glutton [glet9n] n. gaybudo (o).
glycerin [glis9rin] n. nebam poppeteedam;
gilcerin.
gnash [nas] v. Takkude, herTondirde niiTe.
gnaw [now] v. 13efde.
gnostic [nostik] adj. ko faati e gandal.
go V. yahde. ~ far woddoyde. ~ and meet
hawroyde. ~ under water mutde. ~ back
again ruttitaade. ~ to help faaboyaade. ~
with yahdude. ~ around an obstacle
172
good-tempered
woraade. ~ down the slope yortaade. ~
with yahdude. ~ in and out repeatedly
sorsortude. ~ and collect firewood teende;
teenoyde. ~ and bring addoyde. ~ herding
aynoyde. ~ and play fijoyde. ~ to work in
the morning dawde. ~ and watch over
dookoyde. ~ for yahande. ~ early in the
morning rojde. ~ and shop groceries
duggooyde. ~ and get heboyde. ~ and
wash lootoyde. ~ out yaltude. ~ earlier
than usual hejjude. ~ slowly ruudde. ~
aside selde; ikkaade. ~ the opposite
direction roontaade. ~ and fetch water
Toogoyde. ~ and sleep again
cfaantoyaade. ~ and look for cfabboyde.
have a ~ etaade.
go-ahead [gow9hed] n. yamiroore (nde).
go-between [gowbitwiyn] adj. necfcfo
hakkundeejo.
goal [gowl] n. muuya (o)\ yicfde (nde). My
goal is to finish first Njicfmi ko adaade
gasnude.
goat [gowt] n. ndamndi (ndi). female ~
mbeewa (ba).
gob [gob] V. hebbinde.
gobble [gob9l] v. albaade; mocfde.
God [god] n. joomiraacfo(o); alia (of,
jabbaaru (o). in the name of ~ bismillaay
godless [godles] adj. mo jabaani
joomiraacfo.
godly [godli] adj. ko rewi diine.
goer [gow9] n. jahoowo (o).
goggles [gowg9lz] n. lone mawcfe.
going [gowig] n. yahdu (ndu).
goiter [gwat9] n. yookoode (nde). have a ~
yookeede.
gold [gold] n. kaI3I]e (o)
golden [gold9n] adj. ko faati e kar)I]e. a ~
watch montoor kal]13e.
gondola [gond9la] n. laana (ka).
gonorrhea [gon0riy9] n. ficfo (ngo).
good [gud] adj. moTTucfum; ko moTTi.
make ~ moTTinde. be ~ moTTude;
feewde.
good-for-nothing [gudf9n90ii3] adj. mo
alaa nafoore.
good-humored [gudhyuwmad] adj. belcfo
TiiTam.
good-tempered [gudtempad] adj. muncfo,
belcfo TiiTam.
good-bye gravure

good-bye [gudbay] n. baynondiral (ngal). grammar [grama] n. celluka (ka). His

He said good-bye to you O wayni maama. grammar is not sound Haala makko ka
good-looking [gudlukig] adj. joocfcfo. He sellaani.
is good-looking omo yoodTi/Omo moTTi grammarian [grameryan] n. gando cdluka.
mbaadi. grammatical adj. [gramatikal] ko faati e
goodness [gudnes] n. moTTere (nde). celluka; ko selli; haala celluka.
goods [duwdz] n. kaake (cfe)\ marsandiis granary [granari] n. faawru (ndu).
(o). grand [grand] adj. ko mawni.
goof [guwf] V. fogoreede. grandchild [grancayld] n. taaniraacfo (o).
goose [guwz] n. kankaleewal (ngal)\ caygal. grandeur [grandar] n. mangu (ngu)\
goosy [guwzi] adj. ko nandi e kankaleewal. Tellitaagol (ngol).
gorge [goij] n. goddol (ngdl). What you grandfather [grandfaba] n. taaniraacfo
are doing makes my gorge rise Ko mbacfa gorko.
taa ko ina nefnii. grandmother [granmoda] n. taaniraacfo
gorgeous [goijas] adj. joocfcfo. She is debbo.
gorgeous Ko o debbo joocfcfo. grandiose [grandyowz] adj. mawcfo; ko
gorilla [gorala] n. deemooru (ndu). mawni.
gormandize [gormandayz] v. aybude. grandparent [grandperant] n. taaniraacfo
gossip [gosip] n. nohre (nde). (o)\ maama (o).
gossip [gosip] V. nohde. She likes to gossip grandson [grandsAn] n. taaniraacfo gorko.
Omo waawi nohde. granny [grani] n. maamayel (ngel).
gourd [god] n. faandu (ndu)\ horde (nde), grant [grant] v. jabande. to ~ a pardon
sumalle (o)\ boliiru (ndu)\ hudusuru (ndtt). yaafaade. He was granted permission to
small ~ paalel (ngel). leave Jahgol makko yamiranooma.
gourde [gurd] n. kaalis (o). granular [granyula] n. maale abbere.
gourmand [gormond] adj. gaybucfo; jicfcfo granulate [granyuleyt] v. monginde.
naamde. granule [granyuwl] n. gabbel (ngel).
govern [gOvOn] v. ardaade; laamaade. grasp [grasp] v. jaggude; faamde.
government [gOvOnmOnt] n. laamu (ngu). grass [gras] ti. hucfo (ko). He is mowing
governmental [gOvOnmOntOl] adj. ko faati the grass Omon taTa/hesa hucfo.
e laamu. grassless [grasles] adj. nalducfo.
gown [gawn] v. wutte (o). I like your gown grate [greyt] v. seknude; haljinde.
Wutte maa ina yoocfi. grateful [greytfal] adj. jettucfo. I am
grab [grab] v. jaggude; nangude. ~ a grateful to you Mbecfe yettu maa.
handful of jikkude. ~ each other while gratification [gratifakeysan] n. weltaare
wrestling naatondirde. I grabbed his hand (nde).
Njaggu mi jungo makko.
gratify [gratafay] v. weltinde.
grabble [grabol] v. membaade; yiiloraade
gratis [gratis] adv. Allah meho.
juucfe.
gratitude [gratatyud] n. njettoor (o). I wish
grace [greys] n. yaafliya (o).
to express my most sincere gratitude to
gracious [greysos] adj. moTTo. you Mbecfe yettu maa kaacfdi njettoor.
gradation [grodeyson] n. huunde yahroore gratulate [gracaleyt] v. yettude.
taTre.
grave [greyv] n. anneere (nde), lahdi (di),
gradual [grajwol] adj. ko yahrata yanaande (nde)\ womnde (nde)\ gooski
taTre/taTe.
(ki).
gradually [grajwoli] adv. taTre taTre. graveyard [greyvyOd] n. baamuule (cfe).
grain [greyn] n. abbere (nde). gravitate [gravateyt] v. yiilaade.
grainy [greyni] adj. ko nandi e abbere, gravitation [gravateysan] n. jiilagol (ngol).
maale abbere.
gravure [gravur] n. natal (ngal).
gram [gram] n. garaam (o).

173
gravy
JL
gravy [greyvi] /?. neekam (dam).
grayish [greyis] adj. purcfucfum; ko flircfi
graze [greyz] v. durde.
grease [griyz] v. newde.
great [greyt] adj. mawnucfum; ko mawni.
greater [greyta] adj. burcfo mawnude.
greatest [greytast] adj. burcfo fof
mawnude.
greatness [greytnes] ti. mangu (tigii).
greed [griyd] u. aybeende (ade)',
reedunteya. accuse someone of ~ aybinde.
greediness [griydanes] n. aybeende (nde)\
aybanduru (ndu).
greedy [griydi] adj. gaybucfo, cuknucfo,
kuuncfucfo. ~ person konomo. He is a
greedy individual Ndaw ko aybi.
green [griyn] adj. ko wayi no noordi haako
nebbe.
greet [griyt] v. salminde, hinnude. I greet
you all Mi salminii on.
greeting [griytip] n. salminaango (ngo). my
~s to your folks Mi salminii ko reeji maa.
grenade [graneyd] n. garnaad (o).
grey [grey] adj. purcfucfu; ko furcfi. His
color is grey Omo furcfi.
griddle [gridal] n. pool (o).
grief [grief] n. sunaare (nde). with ~
wondude e sunaare.
grievance [grievans] n. toonange (nge)',
gullitaagol (ngol).
grieve [griyv] v. sunaade.
grievous [griyvas] adj. cuniicfo.
grill [gril] v. naawde, jucfde.
grillade [grilad] n. jucfgol teew.
grim [grim] adj. nibbicfcfo, naacfcfo; nibbo.
The future looks grim Alla andi cfo
paacfen.
grimace [grimas] v. biinde
grime [graym] v. tunwinde.
grime [graym] n. tuundi (ndi).
grin [grin] v. biinde.
grind [graynd] v. ruggude; nirkude. ~
peanuts dirde; bursude.
grinder [graynda] n. nirkoowo (o)-,
duggoowo (o).
griot [griyo] n. gawlo (o)\ bambaacfo (o)-,
jalli fbj; jaawando fbj; jaareejo (o)
grip [grip] n. jaggugol (ngol), tamande
(nde). have a good ~ nal]taade no moTTi.
174
guard
gripe [grayp] v. jaggude; hamTude.
gripple [gripal] adj. boroocfo; tiicfcfo
jungo.
gris-gris [grigri] n. nawndogal (ngal).
grist [grist] n. rogere unu.
gritty [griti] adj. bakkiliicfo.
grizzle [grizal] v. furcfude.
groan [grown] n. ottaango (ngo)\
uumaango (ngo).
groan [grown] v. uumde; ottude.
grocer [grosa] n. jeeyoowo fiamri.
groceries [grosariz] n. nduggu (ngii).
groom [gruwm] n. gorko dambiicfo;
jombaajo gorko.
grope [growp] v. membaade, wumbilaade.
groping [growpig] n. membagol (ngol).
gross [grOs] adj. mo wondaaka; nefnicfum.
grotto [groto] n. ngaska (ka).
ground [grawnd] n. leydi (ndi). Put the
shoes on the ground Faw pacfe cfe e dow
leydi ndi.
group [grup] n. fedde (nde).
group [grup] V. rendinde. Group them
together Rendin be.
grouse [graws] v. dumaade; woytaade.
grouty [grawti] adj. nangucfo.
grove [growv] n. laadde (nde).
grow [grow] v. 1) mawnude 2) remde. He
grows millet Ko o demoowo gawri.
grower [growa] n. demoowo (o)\
gaawoowo (o).
growl [growl] v. l^uurde
growler [growla] n. I]uuroowo (o)\
I3uurooru (ndu).
grown-up [grownAp] n. necfcfo kellifaacfo;
kellifaado.
growth [growG] n. mawnugol (ngol),
Tellitaare (nde)', mangu (ngu).
grudge [grAj] n. teftondiral (ngal)', teftagol
(ngol). hold a ~ teftaade, tikkande.
gruel [gruwal] n. ruy (o).
grumble [grAmbal] v. dumaade.
grunt [grAnt] v. ottude.
guarantee [garantiy] v. teel3tinde; fodande.
/ guarantee you will win Mbecfe fodan
maa hawde.
guard [gad] n. garde (o).
guard
guard [gad] v. reende. ~ against reentinde.
~ for reenande. ~ oneself against
reenaade; reentaade.
guard [gad] n. garde (o).
guarded [gadad] adj. deenaacfo.
guardian [gadyan] n. kalfinaacfo (of
deenoowo (o). She is my guardian Ko
kanko kalfinaami.
guddle [gAdal] v. jaggude.
guerilla [gerala] n. hare bettugol.
guess [ges] n. sikke (o) miijo (ngo).
guess [ges] v. sikkude, miijaade. take a ~
miijo. What is your guess Hoi ko woni
miijo maa?
guest [gest] n. kocfo (o). / am treating my
guest to dinner Mbecfen teddina kocfo am.
guffaw [gafo] V. hekitde.
guidance [gaydans] n. gardagol (ngol).
guide [gaydans] cfowoowo (oj, dabi (oJ\
gardiiao (o).
guild [gild] n. fedde (nde).
guile [gayl] //. feere (nde)‘, fliunti (o).
guilt [gilt] n. nimsa (o)-, toonange (nge).
guilty [gilti] adj. toohcfo. He is guilty ko gymnasium [jimneyzyam] n. nokku coftal
kanko tooni.
guinea fowl [ginifawl] n. jaawngal (ngal).
guise [gayz] v. boornaade,
guitar [gita] n. hocfdu (ndii). one stringed
~ mool (o).
guitarist [gitarist] n. kocfoowo (o).
gull [gAl] V. fuuntude.
gullet [gAlat] //. goddol (ngol).
175
gyration
gullible [gAlabal] adj. beebcfo hoore,
beebcfo fountude.
gulosity [galosati] n. aybeende (nde).
gulp [gAlp] V. mocfde, sondaade.
gum [gAm] n. 1) cfakkudi (ndi) 2) cfaccere
(nde).
gumbo [gAmbo] n. kannje (de).
gun [gAn] n. fetel (o), kume (o).
gun [gAn] V. fellude. He was gunned down
O wardaama fetel.
gunfight [gAnfayt] n. pellondiral (ngal).
gunfire [gAnfaya] n. fiyande (nde).
gunnery [gAnari] n. pellugol (ngol).
gunpowder [gAnpowda] n. condi fetel.
gunshot [gAnpowda] n. fiyande (nde). /
heard a gunshot Fiyande dillii
guru n. janginoowo (o), ceerno (o).
gusset [gAset] n. jawo jungo reentorteengo.
gust [gAst] n. hendu mawndu.
gut [gAt] n. tektekol (ngol).
gutter [gAta] n. baltirgal (ngal).
guzzle [gAzal] V. yarde; burtinde njaram.
balli.
gynarchy [janarki] n. laamu debbo.
gynecology [gaynakoloji] //. jangde tercfe e
habbuuli rewbe.
gyrate [jayreyt] v. yiilaade.
gyration [jayreysan] n. jiilagol (ngol).
haberdasher
haberdasher [hab0das0] n. jeeyoowo
comci worbe.
habile [hab0l] adj. baawcfo; neencfo.
habiliment [hab0l0m0nt] n. comci (di).
habit [habit] n. neesu (ngu)-, jikku (o).
habitable [habit0b0l] adj.
kocfeteecfo.
habitant [habit0nt] n. necfcfo kocfcfo.
habitat [hab0tat] n. hocforde (nde).
habitation [hab0teys0n] n. hocforde (nde).
habitual [hab0c0l] adj. ko faati e jikku.
habituate [hab0cweyt] v. woownude.
habitude [hab0cud] n. ngoowka (ka)\ jikku
(o).
hacienda [hasyend0] n. hocforde (nde).
hack [hack] v. soppude; feTTude.
hackney [hakni] n. puccu (ngn).
hadith [hadiyG] n. hadiis (o).
hafiz [hafiz] n. dursucfo (o)\ gando (o).
haft [haft] v. serde.
haft [haft] n. bande jambere.
hag [hag] n. debbo coofcfo, boncfo.
haggard [hag0d] adj. beftilaacfo.
hail [heyl] v. eeraade. / hail you Mi eeri
maama.
hair [her] «. leebol (ngdl)\ sukundu (ndu).
She is washing her hair Omon lawTaa
sukundu makko.
hairy [heri] adj. guycfo; ko wuyi.
hajj [haj] n. hajju (o).
hale [heyl] adj. cellucfo; tiicfcfo.
hale [heyl] v. daasde; foocfde; sellinde.
half [haf] n. feccere (nde)',
karal (ngal)', gennewalla (o).~ an hour
feccere waktu.
half [haf] V. feccude.
hallow [halow] v. rewde; teddinde.
hallucinate [halus0neyt] v. ruuytude.
hallucination [halus0neys0n] n. duuytugol
(ngdi).
hallway [holwey] n. boleeru (ndu).
halo [heylo] n. sereendu (ndu).
halt [holt] V. daraade; dartinde.
halve [halv] v. feccude; felsude.
ham [ham] n. teew mbabba tugal.
hapless
H
hammer [ham0] v. fiirude martu. prov.
Strike the hammer while the iron is hot
bakke mahetee gila ko cfe kecce.
hammer [ham0] n. martu (o).
hamper [hamp0] v. hacfde.
nokku hamstring [hamstrig] n. coddungol (ngol).
hamza [hamza] n. alkulal (ngal).
hand [hand] n. jungo (ngo). from ~ to
jungo e jungo.
hand [hand] v. tottude; rokkude. Hand it
over to me Hebnam cfum.
hand-feed [handfiyd] v, namminirde jungo.
handbag [handbag] n. sakkoos (o). Where
is your handbag Hoi to sakkoos maa
woni?
handcraft [handicraft] v. feewnirde jungo.
handcuff [handkAf] v. sokde juucfe; ceende.
They handcuffed him be ceenii juucfe
makko.
handful [handf0l] n. nokkande (nde)',
nokkere (nde)', jikkande (nde)', tamande
(nde). He is a handful Omo fiddi.
handicap [hand0kap] n. Qakkere (nde)',
ronkere (nde).
handicraft [hand0kraft] n. liggeey jungo.
handkerchief [hank0ciyf] n. tekkere
nittorteende.
handle [hand0l] n. bande (nde)', jungo
O^go).
handle [hand0l] v. toppitaade.
handsome [hands0m] adj. joocfcfo. He is
handsome Ko o gorko joocfcfo.
handwork [handw0rk] n. liggeey jungo.
handwrite [handrayt] v. windirde jungo.
handwriting [handraytig] n. bindol jungo.
Your hanchvriting is difficult to read
Bindi maa ina metti jangude.
hang [hag] v. liggude. ~ down weeltude. ~
around doomde.
hangar [hag0r] n. caali (ki).
hanger [hag0] n. liggirgal (ngal). Where is
the hanger Hoi to liggirgal ngal woni.?
hanging [hagig] n. beelgol (ngol)', liggugol
(ngol)
hanker [hagk0] v. yicfde.
haphazard [haphaz0d] adj. ko tijjaaka; ko
tijjanooka.
hapless [haples] n. malkisaacfo (o).
176
happen headless

happen [hap0n] v. wacfde; wonde. What haste [heyst] n. henaare (nde). Do not do it
happened to him Hoi ko hebi mo? with haste Hoi to heno?.
happiness [hapines] n. weltaare (nde). hasten [heys0n] v. yaawnude.
happy [hapi] adj. beltiicfo. He is happy to hastily [heyst0li] adv. ko yaactii; ko
see you Omo weltii e garaangal maa. henoraa
harangue [h0rag] n. haala hasty [heysti] adj. keniicfo.
harass [heras] v. haljinde. hat [hat] n. tengaade (nde)-, laafa (ka)-,
harbor [hab0] n. teeri (di). kufhe (o)-, maage (o)-, manna. Wear your
harbor [hab0] v. moolde; cfuhde; hat because it is hot outside boorno laafa
moolaade; cfuhaade. sabi naange nge ina wuli.
hatch [hac] v. toccinde.
hard [had] adj. tiicfcfum; jacfcfucfum;
cacftudum; tekkucfum. He is trying very hatch [hac] n. toccungo (ngo)-, toccingol
hard Omo tiinnii no feewi. (ngol).
harden [had0n] v. tiicfnude; sacftinde; hatchet [hacet] n. jambel (ngel). bury the ~
Tagginde. welditde.
hardener [had0n0] n. Tagginoowo (o). hate [heyt] v. ande. ~ one another
anondirde. ~ forever antude. I hate it
hardihood [hadihud] n. sembe (o)\
Mbecfe ani cfum.
tiicfnaare (tide).
hated [heyt0d] adj. ganaado (o).
hardiness [hadines] ti. tiicfnaare (nde).
hardship [hads0p] n. joote (de); baasal hatred [heytr0d] n. ngangu (ngu).
(ngal). hatter [hat0] n. peewnoowo laafaaji.
hardy [hadi] adj. caascfo; mo hulaani haul [howl] V. foocfde, daasde.
tampere. hauler [howl0] n. poocfoowo (o)\
hare [her] n. wojere (nde). daasoowo (o).
hark [hak] v. hecfaade; hecftaade. haunted [hontid] adj. ko hocfaa; cfo jinneeji
kocfi. a ~ house galle kocfaacfo.
harl [hal] v. daasde; foocfde.
have [hav] v. jogaade, dafide; jeyde. / had
harlot [hal0t] n. debbo pijoowo; jinoowo
rather stay home today burani mi ko
(o).
heddaade galle hande.
harm [ham] n. lorla (o)\ bone (de)\
haven [heyv0n] n. teem; duhorde (nde).
bonande (nde). He caused no harm O
lorlaani hay gooto. haversack [hav0sak] n. mbasu (ngu).
harm [ham] v. lorlude. havoc [hav0k] n. bonande (nde).
harmattan [ham0tan] n. hendu hawk [hok] v. yeeyde; waahde.
demminaare. hay [hey] /?. noomre (nde). make ~ while
harmful [hamf0l] adj. ko gaanata; ko the sun shines mahde bakke gila kocfe
lorlata. kecce.
harmonic [hamownik] adj. ko yahdi. hazard [haz0d] n. huunde bonnoore.
harmonious [hamowny0s] adj. ko yahdi. hazy [heyzi] adj. ko laabaani.
harmonize [ham0nayz] v. yahdinde. he [hi] pron. o; omo; kam; kan; kanko He is
eating lunch O woni ko e wottaade.
harness [hanes] n. habbude; jokkondirde.
head [hed] n. hoore (nde). ~ tie tikka. ~
harpoon [hapuwn] n. del313ere (nde).
had dongal (ngal). Where is your head
harry [hari] v. haljinde; toonde. Hoi to hakkille maa woni? head [hed] v.
harsh [has] adj. ko muusi. ardaade. ~ toward faade; tiindaade;
harshen [has0n] v. muusnude. huccude. Where are you headed Hoi to
harvest [havest] n. cohal (ngal)\ bultagol paa cfaa?
(ngol). headache [hedeyk] n. muusu hoore; hoore
harvest [havest] v. bultaade; sonde, muusoore. / have a headache Hooram ina
muusa.
harvester [havest0] n. conoowo (o).
headless [hedles] adj. ko/mo alaa hoore.

177
headstall
headstall [hedstol] ii. faram (o).
headstrong [hedstro^] adj. T]atcfo.
heal [hiyl] v. sellinde; moccude.
healed [hiyld] adj. cellucfo; cellinaacfo.
healer [hiyl0] n. caroowo (o)\ cellinoowo
(o).
health [hel0] n. cellal (ngal). He is in good
health Omo selli.
healthy [hel0i] adj. cellucfo.
heap [hiyp] n. joowre (nde)\]oov^dit (de).
hear [hiy0] v. nande. I have not heard
from him ever since he left Mi hebaani
kabaruuji makko gila o yahi.
hearer [hiyr0] n. nanoowo (o).
hearing [hiyrig] n. nancfe (cfe).
hearsay [hiyrsey] n. nanalla (o).
heart [hat] u. bernde (nde)\ wonki (ki).
-ache bernde muusoore. -burn cum berel
heart-to-heart [hat0hat] adj. nuuncfucfo.
hearth [har0] n. haatande (tide).
heartless [hatles] adj. ko/mo alaa bernde;
joorcfo bernde.
heat [hiyt] v. wulnude; wultinde. - oneself
acfcfaade; saacfnaade.
heat [hiyt] ii. nguleeki (ki).
heathen [he60n] n. necTcfo mo rewaani
joomiraad’o; keefeero (o).
heave [hiyv] v. Tettude.
heaven [heven] ti. aljanna (o). He is in
heaven O naatii aljanna.
heavenly [hevenli] adv. ko faati e aljanna
heavy [hevi] adj. tedducfum; ko teddi. This
task is a heavy burden cfum ina teddi e
am.
hebdomad [hebd0mad] n. balcfe jeecficfi.
hebetate [heb0teyt] v. muuddicfde;
muddicfinde.
hebetude [heb0tyuwd] n. muddicfgol
(ngdl).
heckle [hek0l] v. haljinde.
hedge [hej] n. kalasal (ngal)
hedge [hej] v. jookde; howde, surde.
hedgehog [hejhog] v. sammunnde (tide).
hedonic [hiydownik] adj. ko faati e
welamma/weltaare.
heed [hiyd] n. bacftugol hakkille. pay - to
wacftude hakkille.
heed [hiyd] v. wacftude hakkile.
178
her
heedless [hiydles] adj. mo wacftaani
hakkille e.
heel [hiyl] ti. teeppere (tide), show one’s -s
dogde.
heft [heft] ti. teddeendi (tidi).
hefty [hefti] adj. tekkucfum, tedducfum; ko
tekki; ko selli; ko teddi.
hegemony [hej0moni] ti. gardagol (tigdl)\
jiimgol (tigol), njiimaandi (tidi).
heifer [hayf0] ti. nale (tige)\ wiige (tige).
height [hayt] ii. tooweendi (tidi)\ darnde
(tide).
heighten [hayt0n] v. toownude; mawninde.
heinous [hen0s] adj. gancfo.
heir [er] ii. dono (o)\ donoowo (o).
heirdom [erd0m] ii. ndonu (tigu).
heiress [er0s] ti. debbo doncfo/donoowo;
dono.
hell [hel] ti. jeyngol jahannama. raise -
fmnude, dukde. He will go to hell Ma o
naat e jayngol.
hello [helow] ii. salminaango (tigo).
helmet [helmet] ti. kaske (o).
help [help] ti. ballal (ngal).
help [help] v. wallude, faabaade, hakkitde.
- one another wallondirde. - yourself
wallu hoore maa.
helper [help0] ti. balloowo fbj; jagganoowo
jungo
helpful [helpf0l] adj. ko wallata; balloowo.
helve [helv] n. bande (tide).
hem [hem] v. hombude.
hemal [hiym0l] adj. ko faati e TiiTam.
hematic [hiymatik] adj. ko faati e TiiTam
hemi [hemi]/?re/ feccere.
hemisphere [hemisfiy0] ti. feccere
leydi/weeyo.
hemmer [hem0] ti. komboowo (o).
hemophobia [hiym0fowby0] ti. kulol
TiiTam.
hen [hen] ti. gertogal (tigal)\ jarlal (ngal).
hence [hens] ad\>. cfum wacfi/noon; gila.
henceforth [hensfor0] adv. ko fayi arde;
jooni faade yeeso.
henna [hen0] ti. puucfdi (tidi). lay - on
one’s arms or feet ftiucfaade.
hepatic [hepatik] adj. ko faati e jofe.
her [h0r] pass. pron. mum; muucfum;
makko. - shoes pacfe makko.
herald historian

herald [herald] v. andinde; habrude; hidden [hidan] adj. ko suucfii, cuucficfum. ~

tintinde. meaning maanaa cuucfiicfo.
herb [harb] n. hucfo (ko). hide [hayd] v. sekkaade; mofde; suucfde;
herbaceous [harbeysas] adj. ko faati e nucfdTmde; moggude. ~ oneself suucfaade,
hucfo. mogginaade.
herbivorous [harbivaras] adj. ko naamata hide-and-seek [haydansiyk] n. suucfo
hucfo/lecfcfe. suucfoondu.
herd [hard] ti. oomde (nde)\ coggal (tigal). hideous [hidyas] adj. boncfum;
herd [hard] v. aynude. make someone ~ kulbiniicfum.
ayninde. ~ for someone fullinaade. hideout [haydawt n. suucforde (nde).
herder [harda] n. gaynoowo (of gaynaako hider [hayda] n. mooftoowo (o)\ mofoowo
(of aga (o). (o).
herdsman [hardsman] n. gaynaako (o)\ aga hie [hay] v. yaawnude; yaawnaade.
(o). hieroglyphics [hiyaraglifiks] n. alkule (cfi)\
here [hiya] adv. cfoo; gaa; gaay; gaayenne. bindol (ngol).
~ and there cfoo e cfaa higgle [higal] v. haaldeede; yeeytaade.
hereafter [hiyrafta] n. laakara (o). high [hay] adj. ko toowi; toowcfum. The
hereditary [heradatari] adj. ko ronetee; ko price is high ina tiicfi.
ronaa. higher [haya] adj. burcfo toowde; ko buri
heredity [heradati] n. ndonu (ngii). toowde.
heresy [herasi] ti. luutndagol (ngol). highest [hayast] adj. ko buri fof toowde.
heritable [heritabal] adj. ko ronetee. highlight [haylayt] n. teel]tinde.
heritage [heritaj] n. ndonu (ngu)- It is highway [haywey] n. kallu (o).
important to know one’s heritage Necfcfo hike [hayk] v. yahde yahdu wocfcfundu.
ina foti andude hoore mum. hilarious [haleryas] adj. beltiicfo.
heritor [herata] n. gorko donoowo. hill [hill] n. tulde (nde)\ ferlo (ngo). ant-
heritress [heratres] n. debbo donoowo. waande (nde).
hermetic [harmetik] n. ko hibbii. hilly [hili] adj. nokku keewcfo tule;
hermit [harmit] n. guddiicfo (o)\ joniicfo tulnudo; ko tulni.
ro;. him [him] pron. kanko (gorko).
hermitage [harmitej] /?. jonorde (nde). himself [himself] pron. kanko hooremakko
herself [harself] pron. kanko hoore makko (gorko).
(debbo). hinder [hinda] v. hacfde; leeltinde.
hesitant [hezitant] adj. mo fellitaani. hindrance [hindrans] n. kacfgol (ngol).
hesitate [hezateyt] v. waasde fellitde. hint [hint] v. jeertaade.
heteroclite [hataraklayt] adj. necfcfo celcfo. hint [hint] n. jeertagol (>7gd/); jeerto (ngo).
heterogenous [hatarowjanas] adj. ko hip [hip] n. woondu (ndu), buhal.
wonaa gootum. hipjoint [hipjoynt] n. asangal (ngal).
heth [hed] n. alkulal (ngal). hippophagist [hipafajast] //. naamoowo
hew [hyuw] v. soppude. teew puccu.
hex [heks] v. liggaade (dabare). hippopotamus [hipapatamas] n. ngabu
heyday [heydey] n. naange huunde walla (tmO-
necfcfo. in his ~ e naange makko. hire [haya] v. ligginde, Tettude. They hired
hiatus [hyatas] n. I]aide (tide). him yesterday O Tettaama hanki
hibiscus [habiskas] ti. follere (nde). his [hiz] pron. muucfum, makko, mum
(gorko).
hiccup [hikAp] n. likTere (nde). He has a
hiccup O mo wondi e likTere. hiss [his] V. fuufde; sonnude, wuucfde;
siikde; salaade.
hiccup [hikAp] v. likTude
historian [histowryan] n. bittoowo hanki
mea

179
historical
historical [histarikol] adj. ko faati e hanki
men
history [histri] n. hanki men; jangde hanki
men.
hit [hit] n. ficfde; fiide. bammude; lappude.
~ a target ficfde. ~ with a car feraade. ~
the nail on the head fiide e hoore.
hitch [hie] v. habbude; jokkondirde.
hither [hi50] adv. sara; takko.
hitherto [hiGerto] adv. haa jooni.
hoard [hod] n. ndesaari (ndi).
hoarse [hos] adj. ko loori; daande loomde.
hoax [hoks] v, fliuntude.
hoax [hoks] n. fiiunti (o).
hobble [hobol] v. tobbude; laTde.
hobbler [hobl0] n. tobboowo (o)\ laToowo
(o).
hoe [how] n. jalo (ngo)\ keri.
hoe [how] V. remde.
hog [hag] n. mbabba tugal.
hoist [hoyst] v. 13abbinde.
hold [hold] V. jaggude, nangude, tamde. ~
in the mouth wuufde. ~ in the hand
tamde. ~ a child in the lap lendaade. -for
nangande. ~ with nangirde. ~ in arms
huufde.
hold [hold] n. nangugol (tigdl).
holder [hold0] u. jogiicfo fqj; jaggucfo (o).
holdup [holdAp] fi. nguyka (ka).
hole [howl] wuddere (tide) ngaska (ka)\
tufannde (tide). ~ for sowing seeds eno
(ngoj. ass- wuddere gacfa.
holey [hali] adj. ko yuli; julcfum.
holiday [hal0dey] n. hurjo (tigo)', guurti
(cfi).
holler [hal0] v. siikde; wullude.
hollow [halow] adj. meho; mehum.
hollow [halow] ti. ngaska (ka)\ doorumaaru
(ndu).
holster [holst0] ti. wana (ka).
home [howm] ti. hocforde (nde)\ galle (o).
He went home yesterday O hooti galle
mabbe hanki. There is no place like
home Necfcfo hacftetee ko cfo jeyaa
homeland [howml0nd] n. ngendi (ndi).
homeless [howmles] adj. mo alaa hocforde.
He is homeless O alaa cfo o woni.
homicide [hom0sayd] n. war/wamgo
hoore.
180
horn
homogeneity [homowj0neyti] n. nandugol
(ngol).
homogeneous [homowjiyny0s] adj. ko
nanndi.
homologate [ham0l0geyt] v. jabde.
homonym [ham0nim] n. tokara (o).
homosexual [h0mowseks0l] n. debati
gorkati.
hone [hown] v. welnude; seebnude.
honest [honest] adj. nuuncfucfo.
honesty [honesti] n. nuuncfal (ngal).
honey [hani] n. njuumri (ndi).
honor [on0] n. flilla (o)\ faayiida (o)\
necfcfaagal (ngal). man without - necfcfo
mo alaa flilla alaa faayiida.
honorarium [on0rery0m] n. njobdi (ndi).
hood [hud] n. hippoode (tide).
hoodoo [huwdu] v. malkiseede
hoodoo [huwdu] ti. malkisaare (tide).
hoof [huf] ti. holsere (tide).
hook [huk] n. wande (tide)-, loggirde (tide)-,
161]du (ndu)-, loggande (tide)-, Ibggirgal
(ngal).
hook [huwk] v. hogde; loggude.
hooked [hukt] adj. loggiicfo; ko loggii.
hooker [huk0] ti. garbotoocfo (o).
hookworm [hukwOm] ti. saan (o)
hooligan [hulig0n] ti. aawaseejo (o)-,
aawase (o).
hooliganism [hul0g0nizm] ti. aasaagal
(ngal).
hoot [huwt] V. wullude (necfcfo).
hop [hop] V. tol]Taade. ~ /«jolde.
hope [howp] ti. cfamaawu (o)-, yaakaare
(tide), prov. l^Ttile there is life, there is
hope Guurcfo fotaani cfamtindaade.
hope [howp] V. cfaminaade; yaakoraade. I
hope to see him Mbecfe yaakorii yiide mo.
hopeful [howpful] adj. cfaminiicfo.
hopeless [howples] adj.
1) cfamtindiicfo 2) mo alaa nafoore.
hopper [hop0] ti. tol]Totoocfo (o)-,
tofjToowo (o).
hopping [hapig] ti. tol]Tag61 (ngol).
hopple [hop0l] V. tongude.
hora [hora] ti. ngamri (ndi).
horal [hor0l] adj. ko faati e waktu.
horde [hod] ti. deental yimbe, deental.
horn [hon] //. allaadu (ndu)-, komaal (o).
horologic hunt

horologic [horowlajik] adj. ko faati e hubbub [hAbAb] n. gulaali (di).

waktu. hubby [hAbi] n. jom galle. Where is my
horrible [horabal] adj. boncfum; hubby Hoi to jom galle am woni?
kulbiniicfum. huckster [hAksta] n. jeeyoowo (o).
horrid [bond] adj. boncfum; kulbiniicfum. huddle [hAdal] v. nukkondirde.
horrific [horafik] adj. kulbiniicfum. huff [hAf] n. sekre (nde)\ mettere (nde).
horrified [horafayd] adj. kulcfo; gijaacfo. huge [hyuvvj] adj. mawcfo; ko mawni.
horrify [horafay] v. hulbinde; gijde. hull [hAl] n. saaho (ko)\ nguru (ngii).
horror [horo] ti. kulol (ngol). hum [hAm] v. uumde.
horse [has] ti. puccu (ngii). hold one’s ~es human [yuwman] adj. ko faati e necfcfo. ~
wacf seese. being necfcfo; innama aadee.
horsy [hosi] adj. ko faati e puccu. humanist [yuwmanist] n. jicfcfo yimbe.
hose [howz] n. rakkoor (o). humanity [yuwmanati] n. necfcfaagu (ngt4)\
hospice [hospis] n. jipporde (nde)\ cfuhorde necfcfankaagal (ngal).
(tide). humble [hAmbal] adj. jankiniicfo. He is a
hospitable [hospitabal] adj. kottoowo; humble man Omo yankinii.
moTTo. humbleness [hAmbal] n. yankinaare (nde).
hospital [hospital] n. safrorde (nde)\ humbug [hAmbAg] n. fliunti (o).
lopitaan (o). He works at the hospital O
humectant [hyuwmektant] adj. ko leppinta.
liggotoo ko lopitaaa
humerus [hyuwmaras] n. Yiyal jungo.
hospitality [hospatalati] n. kottugol.
humid [hyuwmid] adj. ko leppi; leppucfum.
host [howst] ti. njaatige (o). I am your host
Ko miin woni njaatige maa. humidify [hyuwmidafay] v. leppinde.
hostage [howstij] n. jaggaacfo (o). humidity [hyuwmidati] n. bayto (ngo)\
leppugol (ngol).
hostess [hostes] n. njaatige debbo.
humiliate [hyuwmalyeyt] v. hersinde.
hostile [hostayl] adj. boncfo; gano,
luutndiicfo. humiliation [h^wmalyeysan] n. koyeera
(ka) \ gacce (de).
hostility [hostaliti] n. ngangu (ngu)\
luutndagol (ngol). humility [hyuwmalati] n. yankinaare (nde).
hot [hat] adj. gulcfum; ko wuli; kaacfcfum. humming [hAmiq] n. uumgol (ngol).
This pepper is hot O kaani ko kaacfcfo. hummock [hAmok] n. tulde (nde).
hound [hawnd] n. rawaandu (ndii). hummocky [hAmoki] adj. ko heewi tule.
hour [awa] n. waktu (o) humor [hywma] gaajaare (nde):,
houri [huri] n. debbo aljanna janondiral (ngal). He has a good sense of
humor Omo weli yanondirde.
hourly [awali] adv. waktu kala.
humorous [hyuwmaras] n. ko jalnii,
house [haws] n. galle (o)\ suudu (ndu)\
jalnicfum.
hocforde (nde). ~ breaking nguyka (ka).
hump [hAmp] //. Tuulde (nde).
household [hawshowld] n. yimbe galle.
hunch [hAnc] v. jeertaade.
housekeeper [hawskiypa] n. deenoowo
galle; mbindaan (o). hunch [hAnc] n. jeerto (ngo)\ jeertungo
(ngo). I had a hunch Mi jeerti.
housemaid [hawsmeyd] n. mbindaan (o).
hundred [hAndred] n. teemedere (nde).
housewife [hawswayf] n. debbo galle.
hunger [hAqga] n. heege (nge).
housework [hawswok] n. liggeey galle.
hunger [hAqga] v. hooTeede, heegeede,
how [haw](question wordjno; hoi no. How
heycfude.
are you Hoi no mbacfcfaa?
hungry [hAqgri] adj. keycfucfo, kooTaacfo.
however [haweva] adv. kono; kono noon;
/ am hungry mbecfe heycfi.
cfum fof e waade noon,
hunker [hAqka] v. soppinaade.
howl [hawl] V. l]uurde.
hunt [hAnt] v. waahde; raddude.
howler [hawla] n. rjuurooru (ndu).

181
hunt
hunt [hAnt] n. waano (ngo)\ raddo (ngo).
hunter [hAnt9] n. daddoowo (o)\ danna (o),
baanoowo (o).
hunting [hAnti^] fi. raddo (ngo)\ waano,
fiifiire (fide)', songo (ngo).
hurdle [hordal] v. diwde.
hurl [harl] v. werlaade.
hurling [horlig] n. berlagol (ngol).
hurricane [hArakeyn] n. hendu mawndu.
hurry [hAri] v. yaawnaade; henaade,
yaawnaade; nomaade. ~ up yaawno.
hurry [hAri] n. henaare (tide).
hurt [hArt] adj. gaaniicfo; gaanaacfo.
hurt [hArt] V. gaande. You hurt my feelings
A metti nii bernde am.
hurter [h0rt8] n. gaanoowo (o).
hurtful [hartful] adj. ko gaanata. gaafiojum;
gaanoowo.
hurtle [hartal] v. yaawnaade; henaade.
husband [hAzband] n. jom galle. one's ~'s
sibling Teekiraacfo (o).
hush [hAs] n. deeTre (tide).
husk [hAsk] ti. saano (ko)', nguru (tigu).
hustle [hAsal] V. yaawnaade e golle.
hut [hAt] ti. suudu hucfo.
hutch [hAc] fi. cuurel wojere.
hybrid [haybrad] adj. jillucfo; ko jilli.
hybridize [haybradayz] v. jillinde.
182
hysterical
hydraulic [haydrolik] adj. ko faati e ndiyam
ndogojam.
hydraulics [haydroliks] ti. jangde ndiyam
ndogojam.
hyena [hayiyna] ti. waasooru (tidii)', fowru
(tidu)', huttooru (tidu).
hyetography [haytagrafi] ti. jangde tobo e
caragol mum.
hygiene [hayjiyn] ti. laabal (tigal).
hygienic [hayjiynik] adj. ko faati e laabal.
hymn [him] ti. njimri (tidi).
hyperdactylia [haypadaktalya] ti. pecfeeli
burtucfi (annama pecfeeli jeegom).
hyphen [hayfan] ti. jokkirde (-); diidel
dendinoowel.
hyphenate [hayfaneyt] v. jokkude.
hypocrite [hipakrit] ti. nooju (o)', naafige
(o).
hypostasize [haypastasayz] v. sikkude.
hypothecate [haypowGakeyt] v. juknude.
hypothesis [haypowGesis] ti. miijo (ngo).
hypothetical [haypowGetikal] adj. ko faati
e miijo; ko sikkini.
hysteria [histerya] ti. filnitaare (tide)',
pilnitaagol (ngol).
hysterical [histerikal] adj. pilnitiicfo; ko
faati e filnitaare. He became hysterical O
filnitii.
I illuminate

I [ay] pron. mi; miia / smv this morning ignite [ignayt] v. hubbude.
Mi yii mo naane subaka. igniter [ignayta] n. kubboowo (o).
iamb [iyam] n. kijjaancfe cficfi. ignition [igniysan] n. kubbugol (ngol). ~
ibada [ibada] n. ngooroondi diine. key coktirgal kubbowal oto.
ibex [aybeks] n. ndamndi (ndi). ignoble [ignowbal] adj. bondo; mo wonaa
ibn [ibn] n. bii. dimo.
ice [ays] n. galaas (o). ~ cream kerem ignominy [ignowmini] n. kersa foj/(ka);
galaas. gacce (de).
iceberg [aysbarg] n. tulde galaas. ignorance [ignarans] n. majjere (nde). It is
a sign of ignorance dum ko maale
iceman [aysm0n] n. jeeyoowo galaas.
majjere.
idea [aydiy0] n. miijo (ngo). His idea works
better Ko miijo makko buri moTTude. ignorant [ignarant] adj. Majjudo,
humambinne (o). He is so ignorant Kooli
ideal [aydiyl] n. sago (ngo). The ideal is to ko aan majji.
have both of you here Sinno ko sago,
ignore [ignowr] v. humpeede, waasde
onon cficfo kala on ngonanno cfoo.
anndude, faalkisaade. You should ignore
ideally [aydiyli] adv. sinno ko sago, him Potdaa ko faalkisaade mo.
ideate [aydiyeyt] v. miijaade. iguana [igwana] n. huttooru (ndtt)\ elo (o).
ideation [aydiysan] n. miijagol (ngol). ill [il] adj. nawdo; dafaado. / am ill Mi
ideational [aydysanal] adj. ko faati e sellaani.
miijagol. ill-bred [ilbred] adj. neetaro.
identic [aydentik] adj. nanducfi; ko nandi. ill-mannered [ilmanad] adj.
They are identic kambe nandi.
neetaro.
identical [aydentikal] adj. nandudl; ko
ill-tempered [iltempad] adj. naaddo.
nandi; nandube.
illegal [iliygal] adj. ko rewaani laawol.
identification n. fenninoore.
What you are suggesting is illegal Miijo
identify [aydentatay] v. fenninde; hebtinde. maa ngo rewaani laawol.
ideology [aydiyaloji] n. miijo (ngo). illegalize [ilygalayz] v. luutndaade laawol.
idiocy [idyasi] n. puuyndam (dam). illegible [ilejabal] adj. ko jangotaako. Your
idiom [idyam] n. haala (ka)\ kongol (ngol). handwriting is illegible Bindi maa
idiosyncrasy [idyasinkrasi] n. maale njangotaako.
huunde/nedcfo. illegitimate [ilajatamet] adj. ko yamiraaka,
idiot [idyat] adj. mo ToTaani; puuycfo. He ko rewaani laawol. an ~ child mo alaa
is an idiot Ko o puuyCfo. baaba mum.
idiotic [idyowtik] adj. ko ftjuyi; puuycfum. illicit [ilasit] adj. ko rewaani laawol.
idle [aydal] adj. mo liggaaki; mo haljaani. ~ illimitable [ilamitabal] adj. ko
hands juude cfe kaljaani. heeraaka/heertaaka.
idol [aydol] n. sanam (o)\ boon (o). illiteracy [ilatarasi] n. majjere (nde),
idolater [aydalada] n. sanajida (o). humambinnaagal (ngal).
idolize [aydalayz] v. sanojinde. illiterate [ilatret] adj. majjudo, mo
jangaani; humam binne.
idyll [aydal] n. yimre (nde).
illness [lines] n. naw (o)-, rafi (o).
idyllic [aydalik] adj. ko faati e yimre.
illiide [iluwd] v. fuuntude.
if [if] conj. si tay, sinno, soko; so; si. even ~
illuminate [iluwmaneyt] v. jalbinde,
hay so.
fooynude.
igloo [iglu] n. suudu (ndu).

183
illumination imperturbable

illumination [iluwm9neys9n] n. pooynugol. immobilize [imowb9layz] v. deeTnude;

illusion [iluw39n] n. sikke (o)\ fliunti (o). yeednude. The limb needs to be
immobilized Ecfen poti yeednude tergal
illusionary [iluw39n9ri] adj. ko faati e sikke.
ngal.
illusory [iluwsri] adj. ko faati e fliunti.
immodest [imodest] adj. mo yankinaaki.
illustrate [ilAstreyt] v. famminde, faccirde.
immolate [imowleyt] v. warde; sakkaade.
Let me illustrate this with an example Mi
famminir maa yeru immortal [im0t9l] adj. mo maayataa.
illustration [ilAstreys9n] n. yeru (o). immortality [im0tal9ti] n. nguumdam haa
abada.
illustrious [ilAstry9s] adj. dowlucfo.
immortalize [imot9layz] v. wuurnude haa
image [imij] n. annama (o)\ ayaawo (ngo). I
abada.
saw his image Ayaawo maldco ari e am.
immune [imyuwn] adj. tunnducfo, tulcfo.
imagery [imijri] n. miijo (ngo).
He is immune to insults O wondaaka
imaginable [im9j9n9b9i] adj. ko ina miijee. Tettoore.
imagination [im9j9neys9n] n. miijo (ngo). immunity [imyuwn9ti] n. tundaram (dam).
throw one’s ~ werlaade miijo mum.
immunize [imyuwnayz] v. tundude; fesde.
imagine [imajin] v. miijaade.
immure [imyuwr] v. howde; jookrude bale,
imam [imam] n. almaami (o). Who is the
imp [imp] n. jinneyel (ngel).
imam of the mosque Hoi goncfo almaami
jumaa? impair [imper] v. bonnude.
imbalance [imbal9ns] n. ko fotaani. impalpable [imp9lp9b9l] adj. mo
muusetaake.
imberbe [imb9rb] adj. nollo.
impart [impat] v. rokkude; anndinde;
imbibe [imbayb] v. leppinde; mocfde.
habrude, sarde; jaajnude; janginde.
imbrue [imbru] v. moddinde.
impartial [impas9l] adj. peewcfo; mo
imitable [imit9b9l] n. nembeteecfum; jingaani / wuuraaki. He is impartial Ko o
nemtinteedum; ko ina nemboo/nemtinoo. peewcfo.
imitate [im9teyt] v. nemtinde; nemmbude. impatient [impeys9nt] adj. keppucfo,
imitation [im9teys9n] n. nemtingol (ngol). muhtoricfcfo.
imitative [im9t9tiv] adj. ko nemtinta. impeach [impyc] v. tuumde, fiiltude.
immaculate [imak9l9t] adj. laabcfum; ko impeccable [impek9b9l] adj. ko hawri.
laabi, ko alaa tobbere. impede [impiyd] v. hacfde; leeltinde.
immature [im9cuwr] adj. baggo; ko impediment [imped9m9nt] n. huunde
waggicfi, ko bendaani; ko mawnaani. haljinoore; ko haljinta, ko hacfata.
immeasurable [ime3r9b9l] adj. ko impel [impel] v. nawrude yeeso.
waawaaka hiiseede.
imperceptible [impers9pt9b9l] adj. ko
immediate [imiydy9t] adj. jooni jooni; ko nanotaako, ko yiyotaako.
yaactii.
imperfect [imp9rfekt] adj. ko wacfi ella; ko
immediately [imiydy9tli] adv. jooni jooni. jogii ella.
immemorial [im9mory9l] adj. ko benni imperialism [impery9lizm] n. jiimgol
walla ko yalti miijo; ko booyi. nokkuuji janani; jiimgol leydeele janane.
immense [imens] adj. mawnucfum; ko imperishable [imperis9b9l] adj. ko
mawni. bonataa.
immerge [im9rj] v. mutde. impermeable [imp9rmiy9b9l] adj. ko
immerse [im9rs] v. mutnude. tucfata.
immigrant [imigr9nt] n. percfo (o), arani impermissible [imp9rm9s9b9l] adj. ko
(o) yamiraaka.
immigrate [imigreyt] v. ferde. impertinent [imp9rt9n9nt] adj. ko
immigration [imigreys9n] n. fergo (ngo). soklaaka.
immobile [imob9l] adj. deeTcfo; ko deeTi. imperturbable [imp9rt9rb9b9l] adj.
immobility [imob9l9ti] n. deeTre (nde). deeTcfo.

184
impetus incoherent

impetus [imp0t9s] n. Tellitgol (ngol), impure [impyur] adj. jillucfum; ko jilli.

Tellitaare (nde). impurity [impyurati] n. tuundi (ndi)\ sobe
impious [impyas] adj. mo rewaani
joomiraacfo. imputation [impyuwteysan] n. taTgol
implant [implant] v. nibde. (ngol).
implement [implament] v. wacfde, in [in] prep, been; e; nder.
benninde. in-law [inlo] n. esiraacTo (o). an ~
implore [implor] v. naagaade. I implore relationship esiraagal (ngal).
you Mbecfe naagi maa. inaccessible [inaksesabal] adj. ko
impolite [impalayt] adj. neetaro; boncfo hebotaako.
nehdi. inaccurate [inakaret] adj. ko fotaani; ko
import [import] v. naatnude e nder leydi. woodaani. This is an inaccurate
importance [impotans] n. nafoore (nde). statement A haalaani goonga.
]^at is the importance of this paper Hoi inadequate [inadakwit] adj. ko feewaani.
ko woni nafooree ngol cferewol? inadvertant [inadvartant] adj. mo
important [impotant] adj. nafojum; ko wacftaani hakkille.
nafata. It is a very important factor Ecfum inanimate [inananamit] adj. maaycfum; ko
heewi nafoore no feewi. wuuraani.
imports [imports] n. kaake gummiicfe inapt [inapt] adj. lohcfo, mo waawaa; mo
caggal leydi. hattanaani.
impose [impowz] v. waawnude; fawde inaptitude [inaptatyud] n. lohre (nde)\
kuugal, yamirde. ronkere (nde)', donkal (ngal).
imposition [impaziysan] n. baawnugol inaugurate [inOgareyt] v. fucfcfude.
(ngdl)\ lorla (o). incandesce [igkandes] v. jawwude.
impossible [impQsabal] adj. ko wonataa. incandescence [igkandasans] n. jawwugol
impostor [imposta] n. gujjo (o). (ngol).
impotent [impatant] adj. maayraacfo. He is incant [inkant] v. sappaade.
impotent Ko o maayraacfo. incantation [igkanteysan] n. cappagol
impound [impawnd] v. nawde furiyeer. (ngol), moccugol (ngol).
impoverish [impavris] v. noolnude. incapable [igkeypabal] adj. donkucfo,
imprecise [imprasayz] adj. ko yubbaani; ko koriicfo.
fotaani. incarcerate [igkarsareyt] v. sokde; uddude.
impression [impresan] n. ejo (ngo)\ sikke incendiary [insandyari] adj. ko sumata;
(o). cumojum.
imprison [imprizan] v. sokde. incense [insens] n. cuuraay (o).
imprisonment [imprizanmant] n. cokgol inception [insepsan] n. fucTcforde (nde).
(ngol). incessant [insesant] adj. jokkicfum,
improbable [imprababal] adj. ko duumicfum; ko jokkii. ~ talk lebo (ngo)',
daminaaka; cfamtindaacfum. lemso (ngo).
improper [imprapa] adj. oonicfum, ko incinerate [insinareyt] v. hubbude.
feewaani; ko rewaani laawal. incise [insayz] v. taTde, jelde.
impropriety [impraprayati] n. oonaare incision [insiy3an] n. taTgol (ngol).
(nde).
incline [ipklayn] v. wuurde, wuuraade. / am
improve [impruv] v. moTTinde; feewnitde. inclined to say no Mbecfe anniyii salaade.
improvement [impruvmant] n. moTTingol include [igkluwd] n. naatnude; yantinde.
(ngol). It is a major improvement cfum
inclusion [i5kluw3an] n. naatnugol e.
buri feewde.
incoherent [igkowhiyrant] adj. ko
impudence [impyadans] n. neetaraagal
yubbaani. His speech is incoherent Haala
(ngal).
makko ka yubbaani.
impudent [impyadant] adj. neetaro.

185
income inestimable

income [igk0m] n. danal (ngal)\ njobdi index [indeks] n. sappordu (ndu)\ joofordu
(ndi). (ndu).
incomer [i^kama] /?. garoowo (o)\ garcfo indicant [indakant] n. huunde holloore.
(oj. indicate [indakeyt] v. aarnude; hollude;
incoming [igkamig] adj. ko fayi arde. jamminde.
incomparable [i^kamperabal] adj. ko indicator [indakeytar] n. kolloowo (o)\
nawdetaake. huunde holloore.
incompatible [ipkampatabal] adj. ko indict [indayt] v. felde; fawde kuugal. He
yahdaani; ko yubbaani. was indicted today Kuugal fawaama e
incomplete [ipkampliyt] adj. ko 13akki; ko makko hannde.
timmaani; ko joofaani. This sentence is indictment [indaytmant] /?. feloore (nde),
incomplete Ngol kongol timmaani. kuugal (ngal).
incompliant [ipkamplayant] adj. mo indifferent [indifrant] adj. mo wondaaka.
cfowtaaki. indigent [indajant] adj. noolaacfo.
incomprehensible adj. ko faamnaaki. indigestible [indajast] adj. ko dolotaako.
inconsiderate [igkansadrat] adj. mo indigo [indago] n. bom (ngii).
wondaaka. He is a very inconsiderate indiscipline [indasaplin] n. neetaraagal
individual O wondaaka hay dara. (ngal).
inconvenient [ipkanviynyant] adj. ko indiscrete [indiskriyt] adj. beejcfo.
haljinta.
indispensable [indaspensabal] adj. ko
incorrect [iijkarekt] adj. ko feewaani, ko hatojinaa; ko soklaa.
wonaa goonga.
indistinct [indistipkt] adj. ko laabaani.
incorrupt [ipkarApt] adj. nuuncfucfo.
individual [indaviyjal] n. necfcfo (o).
increase [ipkriys] v. beydude, beydugol.
Can you please increase the volume individual [indaviyjal] adj. ko faati e
beydu daande nde. necfcfo.
increment [iqkramant] n. beydaari (iidi)\ individually [indaviyjali] n. necfcfo kala.
beydagol (ngol). indivisible [indivizabal] adj. ko feccotaako.
incubate [ipkyabeyt] v. woofaade. indocile [indowsayl] adj. ko/mo/ndi
inculcate [ipkAlkeyt] v. janginde. eeltaaka.
incult [ii]kAlt] adj. mo jangaani, indoor [indor] adj. nder.
humambinne. indubitable [indyuwbatabal] adj. ko alaa
incur [ii3kar] v. defaade. sikke.
incurable [ipkarabal] adj. ko safrotaako. induce [indyuws] v. waawnude; wacfnude.
incursion [ipkar3an] n. naatgol e. indulge [indAlj] v. wacfde.
indebted [indated] adj. namliicfo; indulgent [indAljant] adj. jaafotoocfo.
dewoowo kaalis. indurate [indyuwreyt] v. tekkinde.
indecent [indiysant] adj. ko suuraaki. industrial [indAstriyal] adj. ko faati e
indeed [indiyd] adv. kay; tigi. mbaylaandi.
indelible [indalabal] adj. ko momtotaako. industrious [indAstriyas] adj. cuuscfo
liggeey.
indemnify [indamnafay] v. yobde.
industry [indAstri] n. mbaylaandi (ndi).
indent [indent] v. bobbude.
inedible [inedabal] adj. ko naametaake.
independence [indapendans] n. ndimaagu
hooremum. ineffable [inefabal] adj. ko sifotaako; ko
haalotaako.
independent [indapendant] adj. dimo; mo
fawaaki, mo jiimaaka Senegal is an inept [inept] adj. donkucfo; leefcfo.
independent country Leydi Senegal inequitable [inekwitabal] adj. ko fotaani.
jiimaaka. inert [inart] adj. ko maayi; ko dillataa.
indescribable adj. ko sifotaako; ko inestimable [inestimabal] adj. ko
ammintaako. hiisetaake.

186
inevitable
inevitable [inevitabal] adj. ko woorataa.
inexact [inegzakt] adj. ko hawraani/fotaani.
inexistent [inegzizt0nt] adj. ko woodaani.
inexpensive [ineksp0nsiv] adj. ko tiicfaani.
inexplicit [inekspl0sit] adj. ko leeraani.
infamous [inf0m0s] adj. boncfo.
infancy [infensi] n. cukaagu (ugit).
infant [inf0nt] n. suka (o)\ kurka (o).
infanticide [inf0nt0sayd] n. wamgo
suka/sukaabe.
infantile [inf0ntayl] adj. ko faati e cukaagu.
infect [infekt] v. fiawnude, raabde.
infected [infekt0d] adj. nawdum;
gordudum.
infection [infeks0n] n. fiaw (ngu).
infecund [infekAnd] adj. dimaro; rimare.
infer [inf0r] v. miijaade; sikkude; faamde. I
infer from that he is not feeling well
Paammi e majjum ko o wonaa celludo.
inference [inf0r0ns] ri. miijo (ngo), sikke (o).
inferior [infiyry0] adj. ko buri lesdude.
infernal [inf0rn0l] adj. bondum; ko boni,
ko faati e jeyngol.
infertile [inf0rt0l] adj. dimaro.
infidel [inf0d0l] //. keefeero (o)\ neddo mo
rewaani joomiraado.
infiltrate [inf0ltreyt] v. naatde.
infinite [inf0nit] adj. ko alaa keerol walla
happu.
infirm [inf0rm] adj. nosdo; mo doolnaani,
leefdo; laToowo.
inflame [infleym] v, hubbude; jawwude.
inflammable [inflam0b0l] adj. ko hubbata.
inflammation [infl0meys0n] n. buutdi (ndi).
inflate [infleyt] v. tullinde; wuttude.
inflated [infleyt0d] adj. guttadum,
tullinaadum.
inflexible [infl0ksib0l] adj. ko hofotaako,
mo wuurotaako.
inflict [inflikt] v. wadde.
influence [influw0ns] v. yiinude, wadnude.
He is under the influence of alcohol Ko
o jardo /Ko o cirwudo/Ko o mandildo.
inform [inform] v. tintinde; habrude,
humpitde; daawnude; haalande. / want
to inform you that he arrived safely
Mbede yidi andinde ma wonde o yettii ma
e dow jam e cellal.
187
inlet
informant [infom0nt] n. kaaloowo (o)\
gandinoowo (o)\ kabroowo (o).
information [infomeys0n] u. kabaaru (o).
informed [infomd] adj. kumpitiido.
informer [infom0] /?. kabroowo (o).
infraction [infr0ks0n] n. toonange (nge).
infringe [infrinj] v. toonde.
infuriate [iniyuwreyt] v. seknude.
infuse [infyuwz] v. naatnude, yuppude.
infusion [infyuw30n] n. naatnugol (ngdl)\
juppugol (ngol).
ingenious [injiyny0s] adj. ToTdo.
ingenuity [inj0nwiti] u. ToYre (nde).
ingest [injest] v. modde.
ingrate [ii]greyt] adj. mo alaa wune.
ingress [Ingres] ti. naatnugol (ngdl).
ingurgitate [ing0ij0teyt] v. albaade;
modae.
inhabit [inhabit] v. hodde.
inhabitant [inhabit0nt] adj. koddo. ~s of
boghe boggeenaabe.
inhale [inheyl] v. naatnude foofaango;
sorbinaade.
inherent [inhiyr0nt] adj. gooddum; ko
woodi e.
inherit [inherit] v. ronde. I inherited my
share Mi ronii gedalaam.
inheritable [inherit0b0l] adj. doneteedum;
ko ronetee.
inheritance [inherit0ns] //. ndonu (ngu).
inheritor [inher0t0] n. donoowo (o), donor (o).
inhibit [inhibit] v. hadde.
inhume [ihyuwm] v. ubbude.
iniquity [in0kwiti] n. toonange (nge).
initial [iniys0l] adj. ko faati e fuddorde.
My initial reaction was not good Miijo
am adano ngo moTTaano.
initiate [iniyseyt] v. fuddude, hasde.
inject [injekt] v. pingude, naatnude.
injure [inj0] v. gaande. He was injured in
the accident O gaanii ko e aksidaa o
injurious [inj0ry0s] adj. gaanojum; ko
gaanata.
injury [inj0ri] n. gaanande (nde).
injustice [injAst0s] n. oonaare (nde).
ink [ii]k] n. dahaa (o).
inky [i^ki] adj. ko bawli
inlet [inlet] n. naatirde (nde).
inmate intensify

inmate [inmeyt] n. gondiicfo e suudu. insouciant [insusy9nt] adj. mo wondaaka.

inn [in] n. jipporde (tide). inspect [inspekt] v. Teewtaade;
innate [ineyt] adj. ko necfcfo jibidinaa e mum. yuurnitaade.
inner [in0] adj. nder. inspection [inspeks9n] n. juumitaagol
innocent [in8s9nt] adj. laabcfo; mo (ngdl). upon closer ~ nde njuumitii mi.
toonaani. inspector [inspekt9] n. juurnittoocfo (o).
innominate [inam9n9t] adj. ko/mo alaa inspire [inspay9] v. naatnude foofaango.
innde. install [instol] v. fawde.
innovate [in9veyt] v. waylude; flicfcfude, instance [inst9ns] n. yeru. for yeni. ~

sosde. instant [inst9nt] n. sahaa (o)-, saanga (o).

innovation [in9veys9n] n. cosgol (tigol). instantly [inst9ntli] adv. cfoon e cfoon
innumerable [inAmr9b9l] adj. ko heewi; instigate [inst9geyt] v. urbude.
keewcfum; ko limotaako.
instigator [inst9geyt9] n. urboowo (o)',
inoculate [inowkyuwleyt] v. fesde, puacfucfo.
naatnude e. institute [inst9tyuwt] v. wacfde, mahde.
input [imput] v. naatnude. instruct [instrAkt] v. janginde.
input [imput] n. miijo (ngo). instruction [instrAks9n] n. jangde (nde).
inquietude [inkyetud] ti. sokla (o). instructor [instrAkt9] n. janginoowo (o)\
inquire [igkway9] v. lamndaade; loskude; ekkinoowo (o)
wittude. I am inquiring about your past insufficiency [ins9fiys9nsi] n. I^akkere
Ngon mi ko e wittude hanki ma. (nde).
inquiry [igkw9ri] ti. lamndal (tigal)\ wittoinsufficient [ins9fiys9nt] adj. I]akkucfum;
("go). ko l^akki.
inquisition [ipkw9ziys9n] n. lamndal
insult [insAlt] n. Tettoore (nde).
(tigal), witto (ngo).
insult [insAlt] v. Tettaade.
inquisitive [ipkw9z9tiv] adj. loskoowo (o).
You are very inquisitive Acfa waawi insupportable [ins9p0t9b9l] adj. ko
loskude. mufiotaako.
insane [inseyn] adj. kaangaacfo. insurmountable adj. huunde nde
bennotaako.
insanity [insan9ti] n. kaacfi (di).
insurrection [ins9reks9n] n. murtugol
insatiable [inseys9b9l] adj. mo/ko haarataa. (ngdl).
inscribe [inskrayb] v. windude. intact [intakt] adj. ko waylaaki. The
inscription [inskr9ps9n] n. bindol (ngdl). building is intact Hubeere nde waylaaki
inseminate [ins9mineyt] v. aawde. hay dara.
insert [ins9rt] v. bilde e nder; naatnude e. integer [int9j9] n. limoore (nde).
Insert it between the doors bilcfum e integrate [int9greyt] v. rendinde, naatnude
hakkunde dame cfe. e.
inside [insayd] nder. integrity [int9griti] n. nuuncfal (ngal).
insider [insayd9] n. nedcfo goncfo e nder. integument [int9gy9m9nt] n. nguru (ngu).
insinuate [ins9nyweyt] v. baagaade. intelligence [int9lij9ns] n. YoYre (nde),
insipid [insip9d] adj. tekum. karallaagal (ngal)-, seebre (nde).
insist [insist] v. teeT]tinde. intelligent [int9lij9nt] adj. YoYcfo, peerdo;
insistence [ins9st9ns] //. teel]ting61 (ngdl). pesiicfo. He is very intelligent O mo feerti
insolence [ins9l9ns] n. bonehdagaal (ngal), no feewi.
neetaraagal (ngal). intelligible [int9lij9b9l] adj. ko faamotoo;
ko faamnii.
insolate [ins9leyt] v. saacfnude, saacfnaade.
insoluble [insol9b9l] adj. ko saayataa. intend [intend] v. fibde; anniyaade. I intend
to finish the work today Mbecfe anniyii
insomniac [ins9mnyak] adj. donkucfo gasnude golle cfe hande.
cfaanaade.
intensify [intens9fay] v. teel^tinde.
188
intent
intent [intent] n. anniyya (o)\ fibre (nde).
intention [intenson] n. anniyya (o)\ fibre
(nde).
intentional [intonsanal] adj. ko anniyaa; ko
faati e anniya.
interact [interakt] v. yeewnude.
intercalate [interkaleyt] v. bilde.
intercede [intersiyd] v. maslude; weltinde.
intercept [intersept] v. hebbaade, faddaade.
interchange [interceynj] n. gostondiral
(ngal).
interchange [interceynj] v. wostondirde,
wostondireede.
interconnect [intakenekt] v. jokkondirde,
segondirde.
intercourse [intakos] n. jiindiral (ngal).
interdict [intadikt] v. hacfde.
interdiction [intadiksan] n. hacfnde (nde)\
huunde hacfaande.
interfere [intarfiya] v. naatde e ko wonaa
haaju mum; hadae.
interim [intaram] n. lomto (o)\ mudda (o).
interior [intiyrya] n. nder.
interlocutor [intalakuta] n. kaaldiicfo (o)\
kaaldeteecfo (o).
intermarriage [intamarij] n. dewgal
hakkunde leTTi.
intermediary [intamiydyari]
hakkundeejo (o).
interminable [intarminabal] adj.
gasataa.
intermingle [intamipgal] naatondirde.
intermit [intarmit] v. dartinde.
internal [intarnal] adj. ko woni nder. ~
affairs golle nder leydi.
international [intanasanal] adj. hakkunde
leycfeele.
internee [intarniy] n. jaggaacfo (o)',
cokaacfo (o).
interpersonal [intaparsanal] adj. hakkunde
yimbe.
interpose [intarpowz] v. bilde.
interpret [intarprit] v. firde; nantinde,
faccirde
interpreter [intarprita] n. piroowo (o)\
nantinoowo (o).
interracial [intareysal] adj. hakkunde
leTTi.
interrelate [intariyleyt] v. naatondirde;
naatnaattondirde.
introspect
interrelation [intaraleysan] n. naatondiral
(ngal)\ naatnaattondiral (ngal).
interrogate [intarageyt] v. lamndaade.
interrogation [intarageysan] n. lamndagol.
interrogator [intarageyta] n.
lamndotoocfo.
interrupt [intarApt] v. hebbitaade; feraade
haala. / do not mean to interrupt you
Wonaa feraade haala maa.
interruption [intarApsan] n. peragol haala;
kebbitaagol (ngol).
intersect [intasekt] v. yantondirde;
hawrude.
interspace [intaspeys] n. yelde (nde)\ l^alde
(nde).
interval [intavol] n. yolnde (nde).
intervene [intaviyn] v. ma?aade; lombaade.
He intery^ened to stop the fight O lombii
hakkunde mabbe.
interview [intavyuw] //. kaaldigal (ngal).
interview [intavyuw] v. haaldude e.
interviewee [intavyuwiy] n. lamndeteecfo (o).
interviewer [intavyuwa] n. lamndotoocfo (o).
interweave [intawiyv] v. sanondirde.
intestinal [intastinal] adj. ko faati e
tektekol.
intestine [intastin] n. tektekol (ngol).
n. intimidate [intimadeyt] v. hulbinde.
into [intu] prep. nder.
ko intolerable [intalarabal] adj. ko
munotaako.
intolerant [intalarant] adj. loobcfo; mo
munataa.
intort [intot] v. haaTde.
intractable [intraktabal] adj. I3atcfo.
intransigent [intranzijant] adj. mo
hofotaako.
intravenous [intraviynas] adj. nder cfacfol.
intricate [intrakat] adj. ko jikkondiri.
intrigue [intriyg] n. sirru (o).
intrinsic [intransik] adj. ko jeyaa e huunde.
introduce [intradyuws] v. naatnude,
hollondirde. ~ owescZ/'innitaade.
introduction [intradAksan] n. kollondiral
(ngal).
introductory [intradAktri] adj. ko faati e
pucfcfagol.
introspect [intraspekt] v. Teewde e nder
mum
189
intrude itself

intrude [intruwd] v. naatde e ko wonaa ko iron [ayr9n] v. paasde.

mum. You are intruding Acfan naata eko iron [ayr9n] n. 1) feer (o)\ tappirgal (ngal)\
wonaa ko maa. tappirde (nde) 2) njamndi (ndi). The iron
inundate [inAndeyt] v. waamde. is hot Feer o wulii ironer [ayr9n9] v.
inure [inyuwr] v. tekkinde. paasoowo (o).
invade [inveyd] v. naatde, hebtude nokku irradiate [iradyeyt] v. jalbinde, fooynude.
janano. They invaded his house be naati e irrecoverable [ir9k9vr9b9l] adj. ko
galle makko. hebtotaako; ko yalti naamcfe.
invaginate [invajaneyt] v. naatnude e nder irreducible [ir9dyuws9b9l] adj. ko
wana. ustotaako.
invalid [invalid] adj. 1) laToowo, boofo 2) irregular [iregil9] adj. ko luutndii.
ko feewaani. irreligious [ir9liyj9s] adj. ko/mo rewaani
invaluable [invalyabal] adj. ko heewi diine.
nafoore. irreparable [irep9r9b9l] adj. ko
invariable [inv9ry9b0l] adj. ko waylotaako feewnittaako.
invasion [invey39n] n. naatgol (ugdl). irreplaceable [iriypleys9b9l] adj. ko
invective [invektiv] n. Tettoore (nde)\ lomtetaake.
toonange (nge). irresolute [ir9zolyuwt] adj. mo wakkilaaki.
invent [invent] v. fucfcfude; sosde. irreversible [iriv9rsib9l] adj. ko
inventor [invent9] //. pucfcfucfo (o)’, coscfo waylotaako.
(o). irrigate [ir9geyt] v. naatnude ndiyam.
inverse [inv9rs] adj. ko hippii. irrigation [ir9geys9n] n. naatnugol ndiyam.
invert [inv9rt] v. hippude. irritable [irit9b9l] adj. loobcfo.
investigate [inv9stigeyt] v. wittude. irritate [ir9teyt] v. seknude.
investigation[inv9stigeys9n] n. witto (ngo). irruption [irAps9n] n. puccitaagol (ngdl)\
inveterate [inv9t9r9t] v. doolnucfo e pudgol (ngdl).
huunde. is [iz] V. woni, woodi.
invigorate [invig9reyt] v. tekkinde; Islam [izlam] n. lislaam (o). I believe in
sembinde. Islam Mbecfe goongcfini diine Islam.
invincible [invins9b9l] adj. mo fooletaake. island [ayl9nd] n. duunde (nde)\ jubarde
invisible [inv9z9b9l] adj. ko/mo yiyotaako. (nde) -, dujal (ngal).
invocate [inv9keyt] v. naagaade. islander [ayl9nd9] n. kocfcfo e duunde.
invocation [inv9keys9n] n. naagunde (nde). islet [ayl9t] n. duunde tokosere.
invoke [invowk] v. naagaade. isolate [ays9leyt] v. ambude; seemdude.
involve [involv] v. naatnude; rendinde. / am issue [isyuw] v. yaltinde.
not involved in that project Mi alaa been, it [it] pron. cfum; huunde (nde). Give it to
invulnerable [inv9ln9r9b9l] adj. ko tundi. him Rokku mo cfum.
inward [inw9d] adj. nder. itch [ic] n. miiro (ngo)-, fecfcfo (ngo).
inwardly [inodli] adv. ko faati e nder. itch [ic] V. miirde, fecfcfude; fecfcfeede;
irascible [iras9b9l] adj. loobcfo. 13atde. My hand is itching Jungam ngo
ina T]ata.
irate [ayreyt] adj. pilnitiicfo; pinnucfo,
itchy [ici] adj. ko I3ati.
cekcfo.
irenic [ayriynik] adj. ko faati e deeTre. iterate [it9reyt] v. reftaade.
iritis [ayrayt9s] n. naw gite, gite gojjucfe. itinerary [aytin9r9ri] n. laawol (ngdl).
irk [9rk] v. seknude; haabnude. its [its] det. ko mum; ko muucfum.
irksome [9rksAm] adj. kaabnicfum, itself [itself] pron. hoore mayre.
kaabniicfo.

190
jab
jab [jab] v. Tobbude; gobbude.
jabber [jab0] n. haala njaawka.
jack [jak] n. suutirde (nde).
jackal [jak8l] n. boy (o).
jacket [jaket] n. comcol (ngol).
Jacob [jeykab] n. yaaquub, annabi yaaquub. jiggle Oig^l]
jacquerie [jakri] n. murtugol (ngol).
jadder [jada] n. keloowo kaaTe.
jag [jag] V. yiwde; taTde.
jail [jeyl] n. kaso (o). He is in jail ko o jingle Oirig^l]
cokaacfo.
jailer [jeyl9] n. deenoowo kaso.
jailhouse [jeylhaws] n. kaso (o).
jam [jam] v, dunde.
Jamaica [j0meyk0] n. jamayik.
jamboree [jambariy] n. deental sukaab e.
jampack [jampak] v. hebbinde haa heewa.
jangle [jaggal] v. sil]lude.
janitor [janata] n. gorko deenoowo nokku.
Where is the janitor Hoi to deenoowo o
woni?
janitress [janatres] n. debbo deenoowo jocundity [jowkandati] n. weltaare (nde).
nokku.
January [janari] n. saawiye (o).
jape Ow] gaajaade.
jar [jar] v. dillude.
jaunt [jont] v. cfannaade cfangal dabbal.
javelin [javalin] n. mbaangu (ngid).
jaw [jo] n. golgolal (ngal)\ gabgal (ngal).
jealous [jiylas] adj. kircfo. He is jealous Ko
o kircfo.
jealousy [jiylasi] n. kiram (dam).
Jeep Oiyp] oto
jeer [jiya] v. seknoraade.
jeerer [jiyra] n. ceknortoocfo (o).
jell [jel] V. fendaade.
jeremiad [jeramyad] n. gullitaagoi (ngol).
jerk [jark] v. rippude, diwde e doTTaade.
jess [jes] V. tongude.
jest [jest] V. gaajaade.
jest [jest] n. gaajaare (nde).
Jesus [jiyzas] n. annabi lisaa.
jetliner [jetlayna] n. ndiwoowa (ka).
jetport [jetport] n. kandaa abiyof).
Jew [juw] n. yahuudiyanke.
jounce
jewel [juwal] n. cucfaari (ndi).
jeweler [juwala] n. baylo (o).
jib [jib] V. turaade, leeltinde.
jibe [jayb] v. hawrude.
jigger 0ig8] gamoowo (o).
jumpude; diwde ina
doTToo.
jihad [jihad] n. pellugol diine.
jimp [jimp] adj. cewcfum; ko sewi.
sel]lude; sil]lude. ~ hell
hulnde.
jinn [jin] n. jinne (o).
jinx [jii)ks] n. kiitaacfo.
jitter [jita] n. kulol (ngdl).
job Oob] n. liggeey (o), gollal (ngal). ~
holder jom liggeey. I am looking for a
job Ko mi ndaaroowo liggeey.
jobless [jobles] adj. mo alaa liggeey.
jockey [jokiy] n. dognoowo puccu.
jocose [jowkowz] adj. jalnicfum; ko jalnii.
jocund [jowkand] adj. beltiicfo.
jog [jog] V. dogde. Jogging is good for you
Dogdu ina moTTi e maa.
joggle OogSl] dillinde.
join Ooy^] sel]ondirde; sefjde;
jokkondirde. Let us join forces
Njantondiren.
joinder [joynda] n. ceI36ndiral (ngal).
joined [joynd] adj. ko sel^ondiraa.
joiner [joyna] n. minise (o)', labbo (o)
joint [joynt] n. jokkere (nde), jokkorde
(nde).
joke [jowk] n. gaajondiral (ngal)\ gaajaare
(nde).
joke [jowk] V. gaajaade. ~ around
lamminde. ~ mth siidaade. He is joking
O woni ko e gaajaade.
joker [jowka] n. gaajotoocfo (o).
jolly [joli] adj. beltiicfo.
jolt [jolt] V. dillinde.
jostle [josal] v. felmaade.
jot [jot] V. windude. Jot the sentence down
Windu kongol ngol.
jotter [jota] n. bindoowo (o).
jounce [jowns] v. diwde ina doTToo.
191
journey
journey [j8rni] v. cfangal (ngal.) Have c
safe journey yo Alla wacf jaanje.
jovial [jowvyal] adj. belcfo TiiTam.
joviality [jowvyalti] n. bdgol TiiTam.
joy [joy] 11. welamma (o)\ weltaare (nde).
joyful Ooyfsl] beltiicfo.
joyless [joyles] adj. mo weltaaki.
joyous OoySs] adj. beltiicfo.
jubilant [juwbilant] adj. beltiicfo.
jubilate [juwbaleyt] v. weltaade.
jubilation [juwb9leys9n] n. weltaare (tide).
judge [jAj] ti. naawoowo (o).
judge [jAj] V. naawde.
judgement [jAjm9nt] ti. naawoore (tide).
judicature [juwdik9cur] ti. naawoore (tide)
judicial [juwdiys9l] adj. ko faati (
naawoore.
judiciary [juwdiys9ri] adj. ko faati
naawoore.
judicious [juwdiys9s] adj. peewcfo.
judo [juwdow] ti. sippiro (tigo).
juggle [jAg9l] V. tebbaade.
juggler [jAgl9] ti. tebbotoocfo.
jugglery [jAgl9ri] ti. tebbagol (tigol).
jugulate [juwgy9leyt] v. warde.
juice [juws] ti. ndiyam bingel lecfcfe.
jujube ti. [juwjub] yaabre (tide).
juvenile
jumble [jAmb9l] v. rendinde.
jump [jAmp] ti. diwal (tigal)\ diwgol (tigol).
high ~ diwal dow.
jump [jAmp] V. diwde. - in bed
dimbaade. ~ over tacfcfude. ~ down
sirpaade. ~ around folde; diwde ina
doTToo.
jumper [jAmp9] ti. diwoowo (o).
jumping [jAmpig] ti. diwgol (tigdl)\ diwal
(tigal).
junction [jApks9n] ti. dendingol (tig6l)\
salnde (tide).
jungle [jApg9l] ti. ladde tuulaa heelaa.
junior [juwny9] ti. suka (o).
junk [jApk] ti. kurjuru (o).
jural [juwr9l] adj. ko faati e
naawoore/laawol.
jurisprudence [juwrisprud9ns] ti.
< naawoore (tide), laawol (tigdl)\ luwaa (o).
jurist [juwrist] ti. naawoowo (o).
just [jAst] adj. peewcfo.
justice [jAstis] ti. naawoore goonga.
justification [jAstif9keys9n] ti. sabaabu (o).
justify [jAst9fay] v. sabobinde.
juvenile [juwv9nayl] adj. ko faati e
suka/sukaabe.
192
kaaba
kaaba [kabo] n. kaaba {ka).
kabob [kabab] n. taYatine teew.
kaf [kaf] n. alkulal Aarabeere.
kaftan [kaftan] n. kaftaan.
kakapo [kakapo] n. sondu.
kaolin [kalin] n. bakkere raneere.
karat [karat] n. betirde kaI3I]e; betirde
jamaa.
katamorphism [katamorfizm] n. baylagol
(ngdi).
keel [kiyl] ti. naw kankaleewal.
keen [kiyn] adj. ko weli, belcfum.
keep [kiyp] v. mooftude. ~ a secret usrude,
mooftude sirru. ~ one’s word reende
kongol mum; heddaade e kongol mum.
Keep the noise down Ustee dille.
keeper [kiypa] n. mooftoowo (o). house ~
deenoowo galle.
keg [keg] n. barigal tokasal.
kelt [kelt] n. jiiba (o).
kepi [kepi] n. laafa (ka).
kernel [karnal] n. aaludere (nde).
kerchief [karcaf] n. misooro (o).
kerosene [kerowsin] /?. karsin
ketch-up [kecAp] n. soos (o).
kettledrum [ketaldrAm] u. tabalde (nde).
kettle [ketal] v. satalla (ka).
key [kiy] n. coktirgal (ngal). ~ to success
maale Tellitaagol.
keynote [kiynowt] n. qiimaa (o).
kibble [kibal] v. unde,
monnude; feccude.
kick [kik] v. dampude; fettude. ~
accidentally feraade. Kick the ball Fettu
bal o.
kicking [kikiq] n. dampugol (ngol).
kickoff [kikaf] n. pucfcfagol (ngol).
kid [kid] n. boobo (o), suka (o).
kid [kid] v. gaajaade. I am just kidding
Ngonmi ko e gaajaade
kiddy [kidi] n. suka (o).
kidnap [kidnap] v. diftaade, saaynaade,
suuude.
kidney [kidniy] n. booTere (nde).
kill [kil] V. warde. ~ lice fuTde.
killer [kila] n. baroowo (o).
193
knitting
killing [kilii]] n. wamgo (ngo)-, war hoore.
kilogram [kilagram] n. cilo (o). Pvo ~s
cilooji cficfi.
kilo [kilow] n. cilo (o).
kilometer [kilowmita] /?. ujunere meeteer.
kin [kin] n. bandiraacfo (o).
kind kaynd] adj. lobbo; newiicfo. He is very
kind ko o necfcfo moTTo/newiicfo.
kind [kaynd] n. sifaa (o). what ~ hoi sifaa.
kindly [kayndli] (adv) ko faati e moYTere,
kindness [kayndnes] n. newaare (nde)\
moYYere (nde).
kindle [kindal] v. hubbude.
kindling [kindlii]] adj. ko yaawi hubbude. ~
wood camalle.
kinfolk [kinfok] n. bandiraabe (be)\ koreeji
(cfi) king [kir)] n. laamcfo (o)', buur (o)\
laamiicfo (o). He is the king ko kanko
laamii; ko kanko woni laamcfo.
kingdom [kiqdam] n. laamu (ngu).
kingfisher [kipfisa] n. hammayeroyel
(ngel).
kinsfolk [kinsfok] n. koreeji ((fi)‘,
banndiraabe (be),
kinship [kinsip] fi. jiidigal (ngal)-,
bandiraagal (ngal).
kiss [kis] n. buucagol (ngol)
kiss [kis] V. buucaade. ~ each other
buucondirde.
kitchen [kican] n. waan (o). in the ~ nder
waan.
kite [kayt] n. ciilal (ngal).
kitten [kitan] n. ullungel (ngel).
kittle [kital] v. Yobbude.
kleptomaniac [kleptowmenyak] n. gujel
(ngel)-, mo jeyaajungo mum.
knave [neyv] n. necfcfo mo nuuncfaani.
knead [niyd] v. jiibde.
knee [niy] n. hofru (ndu). Down on your
knees Dicco.
kneecap [niykap] n. tumude hofru.
kneel [niyl] v. diccaade, noynaade. ~ down
tukkaade, Yukkaade.
kneeling [niylip] n. diccande (nde).
knife [nayf] n. labi (ki)
knit [nit] v. sande.
knitting [nitir)] n. canu (ngu).
knock
knock [nok] v. hongude. ~ fruit off trees
sammude. ~ down sammude, oTTude.
knock-kneed [nokniyd] adj. molfo.
knot [not] ti. pibol jokkere (nde)\
jokkande (nde), fibre (nde)\ wulnde (tide),
tie the ~ habbude, fibde, humande.
know [now] v. andude. ~ about someone
andande. I know him Mbecfe anndi mo.
knowable [now9b9l] adj. ko andotoo.
194
kowtow
knowledge [nowlej] n. gandal (tigal). to my
~ e gandalam knowledgeable
[nowlej9b9l] adj. gando.
known [nown] adj. dowlucfo, gandaacfo.
well ~ darjucfo; lollucfo.
knuckle [nAk9l] n. jokkere (tide).
kob [kob] ti. lella (ba).
kola nut [kowl9nAt] ti. goro (ko).
Koran [kowran] ti. quraan (o).
kowtow [kowtow] V. fiide tiinde e leydi.
laager laudable

laager [iQga] ti. jippunde (tide). landmark [lanmok] ti. keerol (tigdl).
labor [leyb0] v, liggaade; gollade. landslide[lanslayd] ti. jooragol leydi; dirtugol
labor [leyba] n. liggeey (o)\ gollal (ngal). leydi.
manual ~ liggeey jungo. language [lai3gwij] ti. cfemngal (tigal). Fula
laborer [Ieyb0r8] ti. liggotoocfo (o)\ ~ s cfemngal Fulfulde, Fulflilde.
gollotoodo (o). languid [laggwid] adj. lohcfo; leefcfo.
labrum [leybram] n. tondu (ndu). Ianguish[lai]gwis] v. lohde, leefde; leefcfude.
lace [leys] ti. boggol pacfe. lank [lai]k] adj. pooTcfo.
lacerate [lasareyt] v. taTde. lantern [lantam] ti. lampa (ka).
laceration [Ias0reys0n] ti. taTgol (tigol). lap [lap] V. mettaade.
lack [lak] ti. hokkere (tide)\ donkal (tigal), lapidate [lapadeyt] ti. wardude kaaTe.
baasal (tigal). lapse [laps] ti. juumre (tide)-, fliujoore (tide).
lack [lak] v. hokkude, waasde; mankude. ~ larcener [larsana] ti. gujjo (o).
water soonde, hokkude. ~ clothing holde.
larceny [larsani] ti. nguyka (ka).
laconic [lakonik] adj. dabbicfcfum; ko lard [lard] ti. bellere mbabba tugal.
rabbicfi.
large [laj] adj. mawnucfum; ko mawni;
lacuna [lakyuwna] n. I]akkug61 (tigol). jaajcfum.
lad [lad] ti. suka gorko; surga (o). largess [lajes] ti. moTTere (tide).
ladder [lada] ti. Teel3irde (tide)-, seel (o), lark [lak] v, gaajaade.
Teel]irgal (tigal).
larva [larva] ti. bingel (tigel).
lade [leyd] v. fawde; rimndude.
lash [las] ti. karwaas (o).
ladle [ladal] ti. kuddu luus; kuundal (tigal).
lash [las] v. hide.
lady [leydi] ti. sokna (o)-, debbo (o). ladies
lassie [Iasi] ti. suka debbo; boombel (tigel).
and gentlemen rewbe e worbe.
lassitude [lasityuwd] ti. tampere (tide).
lag [lag] V. mudde; bodde, leelde.
last [last] V. wacftinde; booyde, yeerde;
laggard [lagad] adj. leelcfo.
booyde. he ~ wacftindaade, sakkitaade,
lagoon [laguwn] ti. teeyteeyngal (tigal). luutaade.
lair [leya] ti. lowol (tigol). last [last] adj. battano. ~ horn child kodda
lake [leyk] ti. teeyteeyngal (tigal)-, deedal (o). ~ hut one cukko battano. ~ night hanki
(tigal). jamma.
lam [lam] v. fiide. latch [lac] v. sokde.
lamb [lam] ti. 1) mbaalu (tigu)-, dammuhol latchet [lacit] ti. boggel pacfe.
(tigdl) 2) teew dammuhol. late [leyt] adj. leelcfo. he ~ leelde, jengude.
lambda [lamda] ti. alkulal (tigal). He is late O leelii arde/o tardii.
lame [leym] adj. laToowo. tvalk ~ laTde. lately [leytli] adv. ko booyaani.
lament [lament] v, woytaade; Terde, latent [laytant] adj. ko suucfii; cuucficfum.
sunaade; woyde. lateral [lataral] adj. ko faati e bal]I3e.
lament [lament] ti. uumaango (tigo)-, 13uslere
laterite [latarit] ti. leydi mbocfeeri.
(tide), goytagol (ngol.
latest [leytast] adj. ko buri fof hescfude.
laminate [lamaneyt] v. seemdude.
lath [laG] ti. bokko (ko).
lamp [lamp] ti. lampa (ka).
lather [lada] n. nguufa (ka).
lance [Ians] ti. del]13ere (tide)-, baawal (tigal).
latrine [latrin] ti. firlorde (tide).
lance [Ians] v. yiwde.
latter [lata] adj. battindiicfo. the former and
land [land] ti. leydi (tidi). make ~ teerde, the ~ gadiicfo e battindiicfo.
joofde.
laud [lod] V. mantude.
landless [landles] adj. mo alaa leydi.
laudable [lodabal] adj. mantincfo.

195
laugh leftover

laugh [laf] V. jalde. make someone ~ jalnude. leaf [liyf] n. baramlefol (ngdl).
~ loudly waaktaade; serkitde. ~ down leaflet [liyflet] n. kayitel (ngel)-, cferewol
jalkitde. He is laughing at you O woni ko e bindangol e dow mum.
jalde ma. leafy [liyfi] adj. ko sukki; eukkucfum.
laughable [lafabal] adj. jalnicfum; ko jalnii. league [liyg] n. deental (ngal)\ fedde (nde).
laughter [lafta] ti. jaleecfe (cfe). He does not belong to that league O
launch [lone] v. werlaade; jolnude. ~ an jeyaaka e ndeen fedde.
attack yande e. leak [liyk] n. eiyam (dam).
launch [lone] n. laana (ka). leak [liyk] v. siyde. There yvas a leak
launder [londo] v, wuppude. somewhere Won kaaltucfo.
launderette [londoret] ti. wuppirde (nde). lean [liyn] adj. eewdo; ko fayaani.
laundromat [londromat] n. wuppirde (nde). lean [liyn] v. 1) baarde, baggude 2)
laundry [londri] n. eomei guppeteecfi, guppol Tukkaade. ~ against tuggaade; baaraade;
(ngdl). I am doing my laundry Mbeden baggaade. ~ oneself on baaraade.
wuppa eomei am. leaning [liynig] n. Yukkagol (ngdl)', turagol
lava [lava] n. leydi ngulndi ngummiindi nder (ngdl).
leydi. leap [Hyp] v. diwde.
lavalava [lavalava] n. wudere (nde). learn [lorn] v. jangude, ekkaade. ~ again
lavation [laveysOn] n. guppol (ngdl). ekkitaade. Learn your lesson Jangu
windande ma.
lave [leyv] v. lootde; buftude.
lavish [lavis] v. cfuucfde; heewde. learned [lornd] adj. jangucfo.
learner [lorno] n. jangoowo (o).
law [lo] n. luwaa (o)\ laawol (ngdl).
law-abiding [lowabaydi^] adj. dewcfo learning [lomig] n. jangde (nde).
laawol, pooTtiiefo. lease [liys] v. luwde.
lawful [lofo] adj. ko dagii; ko rewi laawol; leash [liys] n. ginol (ngdl).
dagiefum, pooetiefum; jamiraacfum. least [liyst] adj. burcfo fof famefude.
lax [laks] adj. mo wondaaka. leather [ledo] n. nguru (ngn) -bag sasa (ka).
laxative [laksotiv] n. lekki seero. ~ worker garanke (o)', sakke (o).
lay [ley] v. lelaade, lelnude. ~ straight leave [liyv] v. 1) cfaccude 2) yahde; fokkitde.
fortaade. ~ an egg boeeinde; furtude. ~ ~ for someone accande. ~ unnoticed
down lattinaade. ~ mud on the wall wappaade. ~ early morning huudaade. ~ in
sappitde. ~ on nappude. ~ off riiwde. ~ out the afternoon himdude. ~ a trace battinde.
wertude. ~ on ones' hack ajjaade; -for someone accirde; accande. ~ a habit
weyginaade. ~ something or someone on rul]aade. ~ over heddude. ~ one's
the hack ajjinde. ~ on ones' hack hippaade. husband's compound after a dispute
layette [loyet] n. eomei e kaake eukalel. suutaade. ~ alone woppude; cfalde. I am
leaving today Ko hande njahatmi.
layover [leyowvO] n. jippunde (nde).
lector [lekto] n. janginoowo (o)', jangoowo
laziness [leyzines] n. aamre (nde). (o).
lazy [leyzi] adj. gaamcfo you are lazy acfa
lecture [lekeo] v. janginde.
aami.
lecturer [lekeoro] n. janginoowo (o).
lead [liyd] n. 1) gardagol (ngdl) 2) bedek (o).
—in fudeforde (nde). ledge [lej] n. sara (o)', hawngo (ngo).
lead [liyd] v. ardaade; regginde. ~ a holiday leech [liyc] n. mbuutu (ngu).
prayer flimminde. ~ a prayer juulnude. ~ left [left] adj. baI3!]e nano; nano, jungo nano.
the blind cfowde. ~ again arditaade. Lead ~hand]wr\%Q> nano; nanal (ngal). ~ handed
the prayer Juulnu en. nannano.
leader [liydo] n. gardiicfo (o). leftover [leftowvO] n. kedde (de); sibbere
leadership [liydosip] //. gardagol (ngdl). (nde), naamatinde (nde).
leading [liydip] n. gardagol (ngdl), cfowgol
(ngdl).

196
leg
leg [leg] n. koyngal (ngal)\ cakutal (ngal).
lower ~ korlal (ngal). pull someone’s ~
fuuntude, gaajaade.
legacy [leg0si] n. ndonu (ngu).
legal [Iiyg0l] adj. jamiraacfum; ko rewi
laawol; ko yamiraa.
legalize [liyg0layz] v. yamirde. It must be
legalized Ina foti yamireede.
legerity [Iej0r0ti] n. yaawre (nde).
legged [leg0d] adj. ko jogii koycfe.
legible [lejib0l] adj. jangotoocfum; ko
jangotoo.
legislation [Iej0sleys0n] n. naawoore (nde).
legislative [Iej0sl0tiv] adj. ko naawata.
legitimate [l0jitm0t] adj. ko rewi laawol; ko
yamiraa; jamiraacfum.
legless [legles] adj. guddo.
leisure [liyz0] n. weytaare (nde).
leman [lem0n] n. gicfo (o)\ suka (o).
lemon [lem0n] n. limol] (o).
lemonade [lem0neyd] n. njaram liminaat.
lend [lend] v. lubde, aslude; namlude. Lend
me a hand Rokkam jungo, wallam. Lend
me some money Namlam kaalis.
lendable [Iend0b0l] adj. lubeteecfum; ko
lubetee.
lending [lendig] n. lubal (ngal).
length [ler)0] n. njuuteendi (ndi).
lengthen [leg00n] v. juutnude. ~ sounds
juurtude lengthy [le50i] adj. ko juuti,
juutcfum.
leniency [liny0nsi] n. maslaha (o)\ yaafliya
(o).
lenient [liyny0nt] adj. jaafotoocfo.
leper [lep0] n. gonducTo e baras.
leprosy [lepr0si] n. baras (o).
lesion [liy30n] n. gaanande (nde).
less [les] adj. ko jaasi.
lessen [les0n] v. dajde, ustude.
lesson [les0n] n. windande (nde). He learned
a lesson So mawcfo wumii wumtii anndii ko
gite nafata.
lessor [leso] n. luwoowo (o).
lest [lest] adj. koycfo e leydi,
let [let] V. woppude, accude. to let in
naatnude.
lethargy [le00rji] n. ngaameela (ka).
letter [let0] n. 1) alkulal (ngal) 2) bataake
(o). I sent you a letter Mi winndii ma
197
lifted
bataake. I am waiting for your reply
Mbecfe fadi jaabtawol ma.
ettered [let0d] adj. gando; jangucfo.
evade [l0veyd] v. Teeraade (puccu).
evant [l0vant] n. ummagol (ngol).
evel [lev0l] v. fondude. ~ off melde. ~ out
fondude.
evelled [lev0ld] adj. pondacfum, berkacfum.
eveling [lev0lii)] n. berko (ngo).
evigate [lev0geyt] v. ruggude; unde,
evitate [lev0teyt] v. weeyde.
evy [levi] v. askude.
evy [levi] n. limpoo (o).
exical [leksik0l] adj. ko faati e kelme.
exicography [leksikowgr0fi] n. bindol e
jande caggitorcfe.
exicon [leks0kon] n. kelme (cfe).
lability [Iay0bil0ty] n. namaande (nde).
iaison [liyezon] n. jokkondiral (ngal).
iar [lay0] n. penoowo (o). He is a liar Ko o
penoowo.
ibation [laybeys0n] n. cakkagol (ngol).
ibel [layb0l] v. takkude necfcfo.
iberate [lib0reyt] v. cfaccitde; accitde;
humtude He was liberated today Ko hande
o cfaccitaa.
iberty [lib0ti] n. jey hoore mum.
ibrary [laybr0ri] n. mooftirde defte.
ice [lays] n. bamcfi hoore; bamcfi comci. egg
~ mbimTa (ba).
icit [lisit] adj. jamiraacfum; ko rewi
laawol/ko yamiraa.
ick [lik] V. salbaade, mettaade; laaTaade;
lamYindaade.
icked [likt] adj. mettacfum
id [lid] n. hippoode (nde)-, ombirgal (ngal),
omboode (nde). Put the lid on the pot
Hippu barme o.
ie [lay] v. 1) lelaade 2) fende, semtude. ~
sideways nenkilaade.
ie [lay] n. puttere (nde)-, fenaande (nde). He
told a lie cfum ko fenaande.
ieu [luw] n. nokku (o).
ife [layf] n. nguurndam (dam), -guard
deenoowo (o).
ift [lift] V. bamtude, hunde, sefde; suutde. ~
while wrestling foobnaade.
ift-off [lift0v] n. diwgol (ngol).
ifted [lift0d] adj. cuutaacfo.
lifting load

lifting [liftir)] /?. cuutgol (ngol)-, Tettugol link [lii]k] v. jokkondirde.

(ngal). lint [lint] n. gaaraaji (cfi)\ gaarawol (ngol).
ligate [ligeyt] v. habbude. lion [lay0n] n. taktakri (ndi)\ kaandi (ndi).
ligature [Iig0c0] /?. kabbugol (ngol). ~’s share gecfal laamcfo.
light [layt] adj. koycfo; koycfum. He is light- lip [lip] n. tondu (ndu)
headed Omo weebi hoore. lippen [lip0n] v. hoolaade.
light [layt] /?. fooyre (nde). Do you have a liquefaction [Iikw0faks0n] /?. caaynugol
light Acfa jogii jayngol/Acfa jogii kucfol? (ngol).
almet. liquefy [likw0fay] v. saayde; saaynude.
light [layt] v. hubbude, yaynude; yalmitde; liqueur [lik0r] n. konnjam (cfam)\ sangara
yaynaade.
(o).
light-skinned [laytskind] adj. naawo. liquid [likwid] n. male ndiyam; ko faati e
lightning [laytnir)] n. majaango (ngo)\ ndiyam.
majande (nde), manaango (ngo). liquidate [likwideyt] v. 1) yobde; yeeyde 2)
like [layk] conj. elleey. warde.
like [layk] v. waade; nandude e. I like him O liquidator [likwideyt0] n. jeeyoowo (o).
mo well mi. liquor [lik0] n. sangara (o).
likeable [Iayk0b0l] adj. belcfo TiiTam; belcfo. Lisbon [lisb0n] n. laamorde Portugal,
liken [layk0n] v. nawdude; nandinde.
list [list] V. limtude; windude. He is listing
likeness [layknes] n. nandugol (ngol). their names O woni ko e windude incfe
liking [layki^] n. jicfgol (ngol). mabbe.
limb [limb] n. tergal (ngal). listing [listig] n. limtugol (ngol).
limbo [limbow] v. amde. listen [lis0n] v. hecfaade. ~ carefully
lime [laym] n. leemuna (o). hecftaade; hecftindaade. I am listening
to you Mbecfe hecfi maa.
limit [limit] v. haacfnude.
limit [limit] n. happu (o), haacftirde (nde)\ literacy [litr0si] n. jangde (nde)\ gandal
(ngal).
keerol (ngol). without ~ ko alaa happu.
literate [litret] adj. jangucfo.
limitation [Iim0teys0n] n. keerol (ngdl)\
happu (o). litter [lit0] n. kuijuru (o).
limited [lim0tid] adj. keeracfum. litter [lit0] v. rufde walla werlaade kuijuru.
limitless [lim0tles] adj. ko heeraaka. little [lit0l] adj. tokooso, tokosel.
limp [limp] v. laTde live [layv] v. wuurde, hocfde. ~ with
line [layn] v. reggondirde; rewondirde. ~ up hoddude. I live here Ko cfoo kocfmi.
tembinde. be in ~ tembude. livelihood [layvlihud] n. nguura (ka).
line [layn] n. diidol (ngdl)\ ciifol (ngdl)\ gorol lively [layvli] adj. guurcfum; ko wuuri.
(ngol). liven [layv0n] v. wuurnude; welnude.
lineage [liynij] n. asko (ngo)\ lenol (ngol). liver [liv0] n. jofe (cfe).
linen [linen] n. comci (cfi)\ darabuuji (di). liverish [livris] adj. ko nandi ejofe.
liner [layn0] n. pakke (o)\ laana mawka; laana livestock [layvstok] n. jawdi (ndi).
(ka). living [livig] n. nguumdam (dam).
linger [lip0] v. ruudde; heddaade e. lizard [liz0d] n. mbato (o)\ gundo, huttooru
lingerie [len30ri] n. njodom; comci (ndu), basawal (ngal)', nduulaldi (ndi).
baalirteecfi. load [lowd] n. loowande (nde)', dongal
lingual [lipgw0l] adj. ko faati e cfemngal. (ngal)', dimngal (ngal). a heavy ~ dimngal
linguistic [lii]gwistik] adj. ko faati e teddungal.
cfemngal. load [lowd] V. loowde; rimndude. ~ a gun
linguistics [li^gwistik] n. jangde cfemcfe. bannude.
lingworm [lingwom] n. sacfiwere (nde).
link [lipk] n. jokkondiral (ngal).

198
loaded lunacy

loaded [lowdid] adj. dimndaacfo; tedducfo; lop [lop] V. ferTude; feTYude.

loowaacfo; ko loowaa. The gun is loaded loquacious [lokweysas] adj. keewcfo haala;
Kute ina e nder fetel o. belcfo cfemngal.
loaf [lowf] /7. loocol mburu. lord [lod] ti. Joomiraacfo (o).
loafer [lowfa] n. necfcfo gaamcfo. lorry [lori] ti. kamiyot] (o).
loan [lown] v. namlude; lubde. lose [luwz] V. majjude, majjinde. ~
loan [lown] n. namaande (nde)\ lubal (ngal). consciousness facfaade, fekkoreede. ~
a ~ word kongol lubangol. leaves olde. ~ hair/feathers boraade. ~
loathe [low0] v. ande. value loskude. ~ fiber sefaade. ~ one's hair
loathing [lowGig] n. ngangu (ngu). rosaade. ~ one's mind haangeede.
lobster [lobsta] /?. sippak (o). loser [luwza] ti. necfcfo poolaacfo; sulle (o).
locality [lokalati] n. nokku (o). loss [los] ti. majjere (tide)', tilfere (tide). Your
loss is mine Enen ndendi sunaare.
locate [lokeyt] v. fawde e nokku; yiitude,
heednude. lost [lost] adj. majjucfo. I am lost Ko mi
majjucfo.
location [lokeysan] n. nokku (o).
lot [lot] ti. lowre (tide).
locative [lokativ] n. jamminoore (nde)\
huunde jamminoore nokku. loud [lawd] adj. mawnucfum; ko mawni,
mawnde. a ~ voice daande mawnde.
lock [lok] n. beddal (ngal)-, kannaat (o)\
lollofjeere (tide). lounge [lawnj] v. weytaade.
lock [lok] V. sokde; meTTude. louse [laws] ti. mbabba hoore/comci.
locomotive [lowkamotiv] ti. laana njoorndi. love [IAV] ti. gilli (di).
locus [lokas] ti. nokku (o). love [IAV] V. yicfde. faaleede; hoowde. ~ each
other yicfondirde. I love you Mbecfe yicf
locust [lokAst] ti. mbaabattu (tigii)\ tenkere. maa.
loft [loft] ti. faawru (tidu). lovely [lAvli] adj. joocfcfo; ko yoocfi.
log [log] n. tunde (tide). I slept like a log lover [1Ava] ti. suka (o)', necfcfo jicfcfo.
Qaaniimi ko cfoyngol belngoL/juutngol.
low [low] adj. bappicfcfum; lescfucfum. It is
loin [loyn] ti. njogoram (dam) low Ina lesdi.
lone [lown] adj. petto; gooto. lower [Iowa] v. ustude; lescfinde.
loneliness [lownlanes] ti. yeeweende (tide). lowering [lowarig] ti. ustaare (tide), ustugol
lonely [lownli] adj. jeewaacfo. / am lonely (tigol).
Mbecfe yeewaa, lowing [lowig] ti. huunaango (tigo).
long [lor)] adj. juutcfo; booycfo. in the ~ run loyal [loya] adj. cfowtiicfo.
ko Dooyi juutde kala.
loyalty [loyalti] ti. cfowtagol (ngol).
long [log] V. yeewnude; tuuyeede.
lucent [luwsant] adj. jalbucfum; ko jalbi.
longlife [loglayf] ti. nguurndam (dam)\
njuutcfam (dam)\ balcfe juutcfe. lucid [lusid] adj. peercfo; peertucfo,
paamnicfum.
look [luk] V. Teewde; laarde. ~ in the mirror
tiimtaade. ~ over yongaade. ~ back
luck [lAk] ti. aabre (tide).
yeeTaade; yeccitaade. ~ under lubbude. ~ luckless [lAkles] adj. malkisaacfo.
into yuurnaade. ~ up hooynaade. ~ out lucky [lAki] adj. gaabcfo He is lucky Omo
reentaade. Look out Reento. aabi.
loom [luwm] ti. canirgal (ngal), kandal lucrative [luwkrativ] adj. ko wacfi nganaari;
(ngal). gaabcfum.
loophole [luwphowl] ti. ella (o). lug [lAg] V. daasde; foocfde.
loose [luws] adj. jolbucfum; jorcfum; ko luggage [lAgij] //. kaake (de)
yoori. get ~ boccitaade. lull [1A1] V. yeTde.
loosen [luwsan] v. yolbinde, firtude. lump [lAmp] ti. boodde (tide).
loot [luwt] ti. jawdi konaandi. lumpy [lAmpi] adj. ko heewi boocfe.
loot [luwt] V. honde; bonnude; wujjude. lunacy [luwnasi] ti. kaacfi (di).

199
lunch lynch

lunch [lAnc] ti. bottaari (ndi). Let*s eat lunch lure [luwr] v. fuuntude.
Ngotto cfen. lurk [lark] v. faddaade.
lunch [lAnc] v. wottaade. lute [luwt] n. hocfdu (ndu).
luncheon [lAc9n] /?. bottaari (ndi). luxuriant [lAg3ury0nt] adj. keewcfum; ko
lune [luwn] n. lewru (ndu). heewi.
lung [lAg] n. wumsundere (nde). ~5 jofe (de). lynch [line] v. warde.
lunt [lAnt] n. cuurki (hi).
lure [luwr] n. fliunti (o).

200
macadam mandatory

macadam [makadam] n. laawol (ngdl). maintenance [mentanans] n. toppitaagol

macaque [makak] n. waandu (ndu). (ngol).
machete [masati] n. jaasi (ki). maize [meyz] n. makka (o).
machinate [masaneyt] v. feewnude. major [meyja] n. kumaandal] (o).
machine [masiyn] n. masil] (o). a sewing ~ major [meyja] adj. ko mawni; mawnucfo.
masil] nootoowo. majority [majowrati] n. ko buri heewde.
machinist [masiynist] n. dognoowo masil], make [make] v. wacfde, feewnude. ~ love
macro [makro] adj. mawcfo; ko mawni. hoowde. ~ an appointment aadondirde
sahaa.
maculate [makyuwleyt] v. tunwinde.
maker [mayka] n. peewnoowo (o). bread ~
mad [mad] adj. kaangaacfo; cekcfo. be ~
piyoowo mburu.
haangeede. They drove him mad be
kaangcfinii mo. making [meykii]] n. peewnugol (ngdl).
madam [madam] n. debbo (o). maladroit [maladroyt] adj. mo feewaani
jungo.
madden [madan] v. haangcfinde, seknude.
malady [maladi] n. naw (ngu)\ rafi (o).
madman [madman] n. kaangaacfo (o).
malapropos [malapropo] adv. ko feewaani;
madness [madnes] n. kaacfi (cfi).
ko haanaani.
magic [majik] n. dabare (cfe)\ nengi (di).
malcontent [malkantent] adj. mo
perform ~ nengaade.
feewnitaaki, mo weltaaki.
magic [majik] /?. ko faati e dabare. male [meyl] adj. worde; wordu; gorko.
magical [mjikal] adj. ko faati e dabare. ~ malediction [maladikasan] n. kucfdi (ndi).
lotion aaye (o).
malefactor [malefakta] n. bonnoowo (o).
magician [majiysan] /?. nengotoocTo (o).
malefic [malefik] adj. bonnojum; ko
magnate [magneyt] adj. koohoowo, bonnata.
mawcfo.
malevolence [malevolGns] n. ngangu (ngu).
magnet [magnet] n. huunde foocfoore,
malice [mails] n. ngangu (ngu).
njamndi poodoori jamcfe.
magnified [magnafayd] adj. malign [malayn] v. toonde; fende.
mawninaacfum; ko mawni naa. malleable [maliyabal] adj. ko jiibotoo.
magnify [magnafay] v. mawninde. malodorous [maladros] adj. luubcfum; ko
luubi, ko sicci.
Mahdi [mahdi] n. maadii (o).
Mahomet [mahamet] //. annabi malt [molt] n. gawri coofnaandi.
Muhammad; nelaacfo Alla, mamba [mambo] n. ngaadaada (ha).
maid [meyd] n. mbindaan (o): mboomri mammock [mamok] v. helde.
(ndi). I work as a maid Ko mi bindiicfo. man [man] n. gorko. little ~ gorel (ngel).
maiden [meydan] n. mboomri (ndi). --hood ngoraagu. head- gardiicfo (o).
maigre [megr] adj. pooTTo, pooTcfum; ko manacle [manokol] v. tongude.
fooTi. manage [manij] v. ardaade. I can manage
mail [meyl] v. jolnude bataake. I mailed Ma mi wacfdu been.
your letter today Mi jolnii bataake maa management [manajmont] //. gardagol
hande. (ngdl).
maillot [mayo] n. comcol (ngdl). manager [manajo] n. gardiicfo (o) Who is
main [meyn] adj. ko buri himmude; the manager Hoi gardiicfo?
kimmucfum; ngooroondi. ~ road kallu manatee [manOti] n. liwoogu (ngu).
mawcfo. manche [mans] n. jungo comcol
maintain [menteyn] v. heddaade, (kaftaan/simis).
toppitaade, jokkude. mandate [mandeyt] v. halfinde.
mandatory [mandotori] adj. ko foti wonde.

201
manege
manege [manij] n. ekko (ngo), ekkagol mark [mak] n. diidol
(ngdi).
maneuvre [manu\w0] v. dognude.
mangle [mangal] v. seekde.
mangle [mangol] n. tappirde (nde)\ marker [mak0] n. diidoowo
tappirgal (ugal).
mango [mangow] /?. mango (ko).
mania [manya] n. kaacfi (cfi).
maniac [manyak] n. kaangaacfo (o).
manic [manik] adj. ko faati e kaacfi.
manifest [manafest] adj. ko laabi, ko
yiyotoo.
manifold [manifowld] adj. ko heewi;
keewcfum.
mankind [mankaynd] n. windere (nde).
manlike [manlayk] n. ko wayi no necfcfo. ~
behavior golle gorko.
manna [man0] n. namri (ndi).
manner [man0] //. fasol] (o); feere (nde).
He has no manners O nehaaki.
mansard [mansard] n. mbildi (ndi).
mansion [mans0n] n. hubeere mawnde.
manslaughter [manslota] n. war hoore.
manual [manyal] adj. ko wacfirtee jungo;
ko faati e jungo.
manufacture [manyuwfakca] v. feewnude.
manufacturer [manyuwfakc0r0] n.
peewnoowo (o).
manure [manyuwr] n. dorde (nde)\ dubuuje mash [mas] v. monnude, nirkude.
(cfe).
many [m0ni] adv. keewcfi. ~ a laabi
keewcfi. ~ times cile keewcfe; laabi mass [mas] n. deental keewngal.
keewcfi.
map [map] v. amminde.
mar [mar] v. bonnude.
marabou [mar0bu] n. ginal (ngal).
marabout [mar0but] n. ceerno (o).
marathon [maraGon] n. dogdu (ndu)\
dacfondiral (ngal).
maraud [m0rod] v. wujjude.
march [mac] v. march; maajde; yahrude
koycfe the ~ing hand maajoobe (6e).
mare [mer] adj. njarlu.
margin [majin] n. keerol (ngdl).
marginate [maj0neyt] v. heeraade.
marinade [mar0neyd] n. marine,
marital [marit0l] adj. ko faati e dewal.
maritime [mar0taym] adj. ko faati e geec.
202
mat
jeloode (nde).
maantoore (nde)-, maantorde (nde)-, tobbe
(cfe).
mark [mak] v. jelde. ~ with a hoe faafde.
jeloowo (o).
market [maket] n. jeere (nde), marse (o).
She went to the market O yahii jeere.
marketable [maket0b0l] adj. ko weebi
yeeyde; ko njeeygu mum weebi.
marksman [maksm0n] n. peewcfo jungo;
mo woofataa. He is a marksman Ndaw
ko feewi jungo.
marriage [marij] n. dewgal (ngal).
married [marid] adj. cudducfo; cuddaacfo.
He is married Ko o descfo.
marrow [marow] n. mbuuwwa (ka).
marry [mari] v. resde; suddude; marde. /
married her Mi resii mo.
marshy [masi] adj. ko faati e leydi.
mart [mat] n. jeere (nde).
martial [mas0l] adj. jicfcfo hare,
martingale [matingeyl] n. faram (o); ginol
(ngdl).
martyr [mat0] n. cahodincfo (o).
martyrdom [mat0rd0m] n. cahodingol
(ngdl).
mascara [mask0ra] n. fmo (ngo).
masculine [maskilin] adj. worde.
mason meys0n] n. mahoowo (o); masol]
(o).
massacre [masak0] n. war hoore.
massage [masaj] v. boosde, boosgol (ngdl).
Give him a massage boos mo.
masseur [mas0r] n. gorko boosoowo.
masseuse [masuwz] n. debbo boosoowo.
mast [mast] n. jaalal (ngal)-, leggal wiir.
master [mast0] n. kaliifa (o). headmaster
gardiicfo ekkol.
master [mast0] v. dursude; cfigginde;
waawde.
mastery [mast0ri] n. gandal (ngal).
masticate [mast0keyt] v. Yakkude.
masturbate [mast0rbeyt] v. memtaade.
masturbation [mast0rbeys0n] n. memtagol
(ngdl).
mat [mat] n. leeso (ngo)-, daago (ngo).
spread a ~ wertude daago (ngo).
match medicinal

match [mate] n. kucfol almet. I need a mean [miyn] v. firtude. Your support
match Mbede soldi kucfol almet. means a lot to me Ballal maa ngal ina tiicfi
match [mate] v. fotde; fondude. They do mi no feewi.
not match efi potaani. meaning [miynig] n. maanaa (o).
mate [meyt] /?. jom suudu; jom galle; meaningful [miynip] adj. ko jogii maanaa.
gondiiefo. He is my roommate Minen That statement is not meaningful Kaan
ndenndi suudu. haala alaa maanaa.
material [matiyryal] /?. abaari. meaningless [miynigles] adj. ko alaa
materialize [matiyryal] v. wonde. maanaa.
maternity [matOmiti] n. besngo (ngo). means [miynz] n. baawal (ngal). by any ~
no ina wonira kala.
mathematical [maGamatikal] adj. ko faati
e hiisa walla kiisagol. meantime [miyntaym] adv. hadee, ndeen;
cfo e ndeen. in the ~ cfoo e ndeen.
mathematics [ma00matiks] n. kiisagol
(ngol). measles [miyzalz] n. came (cfe).
matriarchy [matreyarki] n. laamu rewbe; measurable [me3rabal] adj. ko betotoo.
gardagol rewbe. measure [me3rabal] v. betde; hiisaade;
matrimonial [matremownyal] adj. ko faati fonndude. ~ with betirde. ~ by spans
e dewgal. sibaade.
matrimony [matremOni] n. euddungu measure [me3a] n. betgol (ngol).
(ngti)\ dewgal (ngal). measurement [me3armant] n. 1) betgol
matron [meytran] n. debbo deenoowo. (ngdl)\ pondugol (ngol) 2) betirgal (ngal)
matter [mata] v. nafde. It does not matter 3) diraa (o) 4) hamdaat (o).
efum bonnataa hay huunde. meat [miyt] n. teew (ngu). piece of ~
matter [mata] ii. alhaali (o). hettere (nde), husere (fide), big piece of ~
talde (nde). raw ~ teew keccu. cooked ~
mattress [matres] n. pajaas (o).
teew bendungu. barbecued ~ teew
maturate [macureyt] v. benndude, jucfaacfo, afara.
hellifeede.
meaty [miyti] adj. tebbinefum; ko heewi
mature [macur] v. hellifeede. teew.
mature [macur] adj. kellifaacfo. He is Mecca [meka] n. Makka. He went on a
mature O hellifaama. pilgrimage to Mecca O hajjoyii.
maturity [maeuwrati] n. kellifliya (o). mechanic [mekanik] n. peewnitoowo
maul [mol] v. fiide. mobelaaji. He is a mechanic Ko o
mausoleum [mozoleyam] n. yanaande peewnitoowo otooji.
(nde). mechanical [mekanikal] adj. ko faati e
maxim [maksim] n. tindol (ngol). masil]aaji.
maximum [maksimAm] n. huunde bumde meddle [medal] v. naatde e ko wonaa
fof haajumum; jiibde.
may [mey] v. yamirde. You may go A meddling [medlig] n. naatgol e ko wonaa
yamiraama yo a yah. haaju mum.
mayonnaise [mayanez] n. mayonees (o). medial [miydyal] adj. hakkundeejo.
mayor [meya] n. meer (o). He is the mayor mediate [miydyeyt] v, welditinde.
of Toulde Ko kanko woni meer Toulde. mediator [miydyeyta] n. belditinoowo (o):
me [miy] pron. miin; mi, kam. He saw me nelaacfo (o).
O yii kam. medicable [medikabal] adj. ko safrotoo;
meager [miyga] adj. pooTcfo, pooTcfum. cafrotoocfum.
meal [miyl] n. namri (ndi). medical [medikal] adj. ko faati e safaara.
mean [miyn] n. 1) hakkunde 2) muuya (o). medicament [medikamant] n. lekki (ki).
mean [miyn] adj. bonefo. medicinal [mediysinal] adj. ko faati e
safaara.

203
medicine micro

medicine [medasin] n. lekki (ki)\ safaasa mercantile [markantal] adj. ko faati e

(o). take one’s ~ yarde lekki mum. julankaagal.
mediocre [miydyowka] adj. hakkundeejo. merchandise [marcandayz] n. marsandiis
meditate [medateyt] v. miijaade. (o).
medium [miydyOm] n. hakkunde (nde). merchant [marcant] n. julanke (o).
meek [miyk] adj. muncTo. merciful [marsaful] adj. jaafotoocfo;
jurmotoocfo.
meet [miyt] v. fottude; hawrude. ~
accidentally feraade. ~ again hawritde. I merciless [marsales] adj. mo alaa njurum;
met hint today Mi hawrii e makko hande. mo yurmotaako; neegdo.
fVe have already met A min ngandondiri. mercy [marsi] n. yurmeende (nde)\ yaafuya
meeting [miytir)] n. batu (ngn), deental (o).
(ngal). / attended the meeting Mi merengue [mereijg] n. ngamri.
tawtoraama batu ngu. merge [marj] v. reentude; yantondirde.
melancholic [mel9r)kowlik] adj. jurminiicfo. merger [marja] n. jantondiral (ngal).
melder [melda] n. rogere (tide). merit [merit] v. haandude.
mell [mel] v. jiibde. mermaid [marmeyd] n. debbo jom maayo.
melodious [melowjos] adj. ko weli merry [meri] adj. beltiicfo.
hecTaade. mess [mes] n. bonande (nde)\ tuundi (ndi).
melon [melon] ti. dende (nde). message [mesij] n. nelal (ngal)\ nulal (ngal).
melt [melt] v. taayde, saayde; saaynude. ~ deliver a ~ yettinde nulal.
into tears woyde messenger [mesenja] n. nelaacfo (o):
melting [meltig] n. saayngo (ngo)\ taayre nulaacTo (o)
(nde). messiah [mesayah] n. nelaacfo (o).
member [memba] n. jeyaacfo e. He is a messy [mesi] adj. tunwucfo.
member of the Fulani community Ko o
metal [metal] n. njamndi (ndi).
Pullo.
metallic [metalik] adj. ko faati e njamndi.
memento [mamentow] n. huunde
siftinoore. metalproof [metalpruf] adj. tunducfo,
tunducfum, tulcfo; ko tuli. ~ charm
memoir [memwar] n. hakkille (o).
tundaram (dam).
memorable [memrabal] adj. ko haani
metamorphose [metamorfowz] v.
siftoreede.
waylaade, waylude.
memorize [memarayz] v. hunaade.
metamorphosis [metamorfasis] n. baylagol
memory [memri] n. teskuya (o). (ngdl).
men [men] n. worbe (de) mete [miyt] v. betde; yecfde.
menace [manas] v. baabaade. meteorology [miytyorlaji] n. jafjde weeyo.
mend [mend] v. basde; wacfde. method [me0od] n. feere (nde).
mendacity [mandasiti] n. fenaande (nde). meticulous [metikilas] adj. Teewtotoocfo;
mender [menda] n. basoowo (o) deentiicfo.
mendicity [mendasiti] n. jelagol (ngdl). metier [mece] n. golle, liggeey.
menial [miynyal] adj. kersiniicfum, ko metis [metis] n. jillucfo.
hersinii. metre [miyta] n. meeteer (o).
menses [mensiz] n. ella. metropolis [metrowpalis] n. wuro mawngo.
menstruate [menstraweyt] v. yiide ella. mettle [metal] n. cuusal (ngal).
mental [mental] adj. ko faati e hakkille. mew [myuw] v. uddude; I3eewde.
mention [mensan] v. wiide; innude. Do not miaow [myaw] v. 13eewde.
forget to mention it to him Hoi to yejjit
micturate [mikcureyt] v. taaraade, soofde,
haalande mo.
buuTeede.
meow [miyow] v. l^eewde.
mice [mays] n. doombi (di).
micro [maykro] adj. pamaro; pamarum.

204
 0
microphone
microphone [maykrafon] n. mikro (o).
mid [mid] /?. hakkunde (nde). ~ way feccere
laawol.
midday [midey] n. fanaa (o)
middle [midal] n. hakkunde (tide).
midmorning [midmOnig] n. beetawe (o).
midnight [midnayt] ti. feccere jamma.
midst [midst] n. hakkunde (o); hakkundere
(tide).
might [mayt] ti. doole (de).
mighty [mayti] adj. doolnucfo.
migraine [maygreyn] n. hoore muusoore,
muusu hoore.
migrate [maygreyt] v. ferde, ferlude,
eggude.
migration [maygreys0n] ti. fergo (tigo).
mild [mayld] adj. ko hakindii; ko burtaani.
mildew [milduw] ti. komaak (o).
militant [mil0t0nt] ti. daraniicfo (o);
kabeteecfo (o).
milk [milk] ti. kosam (dam), sour ~
kaaddam, fedannde (tide), fresh ~
biracfam milk [milk] v. birde, saafde. ~
for someone birande. ~ again birtaade.
milker [milk0] ti. biroowo (o).
milking [milkig] ti. birgol (tigol).
milkman [milkm0n] ti. biroowo (o).
milky [milki] adj. ko jogii mbaadi kosam.
mill [mil] ti. masit] gunoowo.
millenary [mil0neri] adj. ko faati e
ujunere/ujunere hitaande.
millet [milet] ti. gawri (tidi). shelled ~
coX\2i2Lnd\ (tidi). ~ stalk g a w T a 1
(tigal).
millier [milye] ti. ujunere (tide).
mime [maym] v. hembude; nemtinde.
mimic [mimik] v. nembude, nemtinde.
mimic [mimik] ti. nemmboowo (o).
mimicry [mimikri] ti. nemtingol (tigol).
minaret [min0re] ti. sooroo (o).
mince [mins] v. taTde taTatinon.
mind [maynd] v. wondeede. / don*t mind
cfum bonnataa hay dara/cfum haljintaa
kam.
mind [maynd] ti. hakkille (o). It went out of
my mind cfum yaltu hakkillam.
mindless [mayndles] adj. mo ToTaani.
mine [mayn] proti. ko am; jey am. The
book is mine Ko miin jey deftere nde.
205
misty
mingle [mir)g0l] v. yantude; jillondirde.
minify [min0fay] v. famcfinde; ustude.
minimize [min0mayz] v. famcfinde;
loskude.
minimum [min0mAm] adj. ko buri fof
famcfude.
minor [mayn0] ti. sukaajo (o); pamaro (o).
He is a minor Ko o suka.
mint [mint] ti. manto (o); naanaa (o). I like
mint tea Ataaye bacfcfo naanaa ina weli
mi.
mint [mint] v. tafde.
minute [maynuwt] ti. pamaro.
minute [minit] ti. hojom (o).
miracle [mir0k0l] /?. haawniinde (tide).
miraculous [mirakil0s] adj. ko haawnii.
mirage [miraj] ti. merere (tide)/(de).
mire [mayr] ti. bakkere (tide).
mirror [mir0] ti. tiimtorgal (tigal)\
daaroggal (tigal). look in the ~ tiimtaade.
mirth [m0r0] ti. weltaare (tide).
misbehave [misb0heyv] v. bonde jikku.
miscarry [misk0ri] v. boosde.
mischief [misciyf] ti. bonande (tide).
misconduct [mik0ndAkt] ti. bon nehdaagal
(tigal)-, nehtaraagal (tigal).
miscount [mikawnt] v. juumde limoore.
mise [miz] ti. ahdi (o).
miser [mayz0] ti. tiicfcfo jungo.
misfit [misfit] v. waasde fotde.
misfortune [misfoc0n] ti. worocfde (tide)-,
bone (o); joote (o).
mislead [misliyd] v. juumnude, fliuntude.
miso^nistic [miz0jiynistik] adj. gancfo
rewbe.
miss [mis] v. hacftaade; woofde; jottaade. ~
one’s mark woofde. I miss him Mbecfe
yeewni mo.
mission [mis0n] ii. nelaabe (be)-, nelal
(tigal).
missive [misiyv] ii. bataake (o).
mistake [misteyk] ti. fuujoore (tide)-,
boccitorel (tigel)-, fergitaare (tide)-,
pergitaagol (tigol). make a ~ fogoreede.
mistress [mistres] ti. suka (o); taara (o).
mistrust [mistrAst] v. hoolkisaade.
misty [misti] adj. ko leeraani.
misunderstand mosquito

misunderstand [misAndastGnd] v. waasde monetary [mon9tri] adj. ko faati e kaalis.

faamde. / miunderstood what you said MJ
faamaano ko mbicfaa ko.
mitigate [mitageyt] v. famcfinde; ustude.
mix [miks] v. iirtondirde; jiibde; rendinde. ~
water and milk tufde. ~ it fiindirde.
mixed [mikst] adj. jillondircfum, ko
jillondiri.
mixture [miksc9] /?. jiibre (nde), jilbere
(774/ej; jillande (nde).
moan [mown] v. angude.
mob [mob] n. deental mawngal.
mobile [mowbayl] adj. ko dirata.
mobilize [mowbalayz] v. rendinde.
mock [mok] v. seknoraade.
mockery [mokri] n. jalkitgol (ngol).
mode [mowd] n. fasoT] (o).
model [mowdal] n. fasol] (o).
moderate [modret] adj. kakindiicfum; ko
smallest ~ unit tanka (o).
money [moni] n. kaalis (o). ~ given to an
artist juuTgal (ngal). ~ unit mbuucfu (ngu).
borrow ~ namlaade kaalis.
monger [mai]g9] n. jula (o); julanke (o).
mongrel [moi3gr9l] n. jillucfo (o).
monkey [mAi]ki] n. waandu (ndii), bul]ee (o).
mono [mown9] n. gooto, petto,
monster [mAnst9] n. barogal mawngal.
month [mAn0] n. lewru (ndu). this month
lewru dariindu ndu. last ~ lewru maayndu
ndu. Uvo ~s ago lewru maayndu nudya.
monthly [mAn01i] adj. ko faati e lewru;
lewru dariindu kala.
monumental [monyuwm9nt9l] adj. ko
mawni.
moo [muw] v. huunde.
moon [muwn] n. lewru (ndu). neyv lewru ~

dariindu.
hakindii.
moderation [mod0reys9n] n. hakindaare moonlight [muwnlayt] n. lewlewal (ngal).
(nde). moony [muwni] adj. ko faati e lewru.
modern [mod9n] adj. ko yonti; ko hescfi. Moor [muwr] n. capaato (o).
modernism [mod9nizm] n. yonta (o). mop [mop] V. 1) foppude 2) nirbinaade.
modest [modest] adj. jankiniicfo. He is moppet [mopet] n. suka (o): boobo (o).
modest O mo yankinii. moral [mowr9l] n. tindol (ngol).
modesty [modesti] /?. yankinaare (nde). more [mowr] adj. ko buri. Give him more
modification [mowd9fik9ys9n] n. baylugol food beydan mo naamri.
(ngol). moreover [mowr9wv9] adv. yanti been.
modify [mowd9fay] v. waylude. morgue [morg] n. nokku cfo maaybe
moil [moyl] v. tampande. njonetee.
moist [moyst] adj. leppucfum; ko leppi. moribund [mowr9bAnd] adj. mo wocfcfaani
moisten [moyst9n] v. soofnude; leppinde. maayde.
moisture [moysc9] n. bayo (ngo)\ bayto morning [mOnip] n. subaka (o); bimmbi;
beetawe (o). early ~ fajiri (o). this ~ hande
(t^go)-
subaka.
molar [mol9] n. aggitere (nde)\ aggutere
(nde). Morocco [moroko] n. maruk.
mold [mowld] v. mahde. morphology [morfowloji] n. tafngo kelme.
molest [molest] v. haljinde, memde. mortal [mOt9l] adj. ko maayata;
maayoowo.
mollify [mol9fay] v. deeTnude.
mortality [motal9ti] n. maayde (nde).
molt [mowlt] V. hesde; fioortude nguru
(ngoorondi). mortar [morta] n. wowru (ndu).
moment [mowm9nt] n. saanga (o); sahaa mortification [mort9fikeys9n] n. koyeera (o).
(o): mudda (o). at that oon sahaa.
~ mortify [mort9fay] v. hoynude.
momentary [mowm9nt9ri] adj. ko Moslem [mozl9m] n. juulcTo (o).
duumaaki; ko booyataa. mosque [mosk] n. jumaa (o); misiide (nde).
momentum [mowm9nt9m] n. doole (cfe). He went to the mosque O yahii jumaa
Monday [mAndi] //. altine (o). mosquito [muskiyto] n. bowngu (ngu). big
~bippameemoo (o).

206
most mystify

most [mowst] adj. ko buri fof. muffle [mAfal] v. soomde.

motel [motey] jipporde (nde). mug [mAg] ti. koppu (o).
mother [mA50] v. neeniraacfo (o); inna (o); mule [myuwl] n.bingd puccu e mbabba.
yummiraacfo (o); neene (o); yumma (o). -- multilingual [mAltilirigwal] adj. ganducfo
land ngenndi (ndi). grand-- taaniraacfo ko buri cfemngal gootal.
debbo. multiply [mAltaplay] v. fiyde laabi keewcfi.
motherhood [mASahud] n. yummiraagal ~ tenfold fiide laabi sappo.
(ngal).
multitude [mAltacuwd] ti. keewal (tigal).
motif [mowtif] n. 1) miijo (ngo) 2) sabaabu (o).
mum [mAm] adj. deTTucfo.
motion [mows0n] n. dirtugol (ngol).
mumble [mAmbal] v. dumaade; sontaade.
motionless [mows0nles] adj. ko darii.
mundane [mAndeyn] adj. ko faati e aduna.
motive [mowtiv] n. sabaabu (o). What is mural [myuwral] adj. ko faati e balal.
the motive Hoi ko saabii cfum?
murder [marda] ti. war hoore.
motor [mowta] n. masil] (o).
murder [marda] v. warde hoore. He was
motorcycle [mowt0sayk0l] n. moto (o). murdered today Ko hande o waraa.
mound [mownd] n. galle (oj. murk [mark] ti. nibbere (tide).
mount [mawnt] v. l^abbude. ~ an animal murmur [marma] v. nuumbaade.
wacfcfaade.
muse [myuwz] v. miijaade.
mourn [mon] v. woyde; sunaade.
music [myuwzik] ti. leebi e bawcfi.
mourner [mona] n. cuniicfo (o): goyoowo
musket [muskat] ti. fetd (o).
(o).
Muslim [mozlam] ti. juulcfo (o). He is a
mournful [mOnfal] adj. cuniicfo.
Muslim Ko o juulcfo.
mourning [mOnig] n. sunaare (tide).
must [mAst] V. fotde. You must go A cfa
mouse [maws] ti. doomburu (ndu). foti yahde.
mouth [maw0] n. hunuko (ko). Open your mustache [mAstas] ti. suumko (tigo).
mouth Mubbit hunuko maa.
mustang [mAstas] ti. puccu (tigu).
mouthful [mawGfal] /;. woobre (tide)\
muster [musta] v. rendinde.
longere (tide).
mutable [myuwtabal] adj. ko waylotoo.
movable [muwvabal] adj. ko dirtintee.
mutation [myuwteysan] ti. baylagol (tigdl).
move [muwv] v. dillude; dirde; eggude. ~
while agonizing fafaade; fettaade. make mute [myuwt] adj. muumo; muumcfucfo,
someone ~ egginde. ~ while sitting bafde. ~ deTTudTo.
a little bosde. ~ over dirtude. ~ something mutilate [myuwcaleyt] v. taYde; gaande;
to another place heedtinde. ~ away taTde tergal.
wocfcfitaade. ~ to the husband's compound mutiny [myuwtani] ti. jattinaare (tide)\
hurtaade movement [muwvmant] ti. dillugol murtugol (tigdl).
(tigdl)\ dillere (tide). mutism [myuwtizm] ti. deTTere (tide).
movie [muwvi] ti. sinamaa (o). mutton [mAtan] ti. teew njawdi, teew
mow [mow] v. hesde. He is mowing the mbaalu; teew mbeewa; teew ndamndi).
grass Omon hesa hucfo ko. muzzle [mAzal] ti. hoggo (tigo).
much [mAc] adv. pakitcfum; pantucfum; my [may] -am; ko am. ~ bag sakkoosam.
burtucfum. be too ~ burtude.
myriad [miryad] ti. keeweendi (ndi).
mud [mAd] ti. bakkere (tide). ~ ball
myself [mayself] pron. miin, miin hooram.
markere (tide).
mysterious [mistiyryas] adj. kaawnicfum;
muddle [mAdal] v. jiibde.
ko haawnii.
muddy [mAdi] adj. lofcfum; jilbucfum;
mystery [mistri] ti. haawniinde (tide).
bakolincfum. ~ area loopal (tigal)\ loft]
mystify [mistafay] v. fuuntude.
(fW)
muezzin [myezen] ti. noddinoowo (o).

207
nabob negation

- N

nabob [nabob] ti. galo (o). national [nas0n0l] adj. ko faati e ngendi. ~
nadir [nadir] n. cebtam (cfam)\ naange languages cfemcfe ngendi.
(nge). nationalism [nas0n0lizm] ti. cfowtagol kisal
nag [nag] v. toonde. ngendi.
nag [nag] n. pucel (ngel). nationalist [nas0n0list] ti. cfowtiicfo kisal
ngendi.
nail [neyl] v. fel]de. hit on the ~ fiide e
hoore. pay on the ~ yobde jungo e jungo nationalize [nas0n0layz] v. jeynude ngendi;
naissance [nesans] n. jibinande (nde). hebtande ngendi.
naive [neyv] adj. beebcfo fuuntude. native [neyt0v] ti. jibinaacfo e nokku. He is
a native of this town O jibinaa ko e ngoo
naked [neykad] adj. boortiicfo; meho. He
wuro.
is naked Ko o meho.
nature [neyc0] ti. ladde (tide)-, leydi (tidif,
namable [neymabal] adj. ko innotoo.
mbaadi (ndif, TiTam (dam) good natured
name [neym] v. innude. ~ after innirde. He belcfo TiiTam; nehiicfo.
was named after his father O inniraa ko
natter [nat0] v. woytaade.
baaba makko.
naught [not] ti. dara (o)', hay huunde.
name [neym] n. inde (ride) last ~ yettoode
(tide). What is your name Hoi no mbiyete naughty [noti] adj. boncfo; nangucfo.
daa? nausea [nozeya] ti. bemde yiihnde; tim
namesake [neymseyk] ti. inniraacfo (o)', berel.
tokara (o) nauseate [nozeyet] v. yiinde.
naming [neymip] /?. inde (ride)', innugol naval [neyv0l] adj. ko faati e laana/laacfe.
(tigol), ~ ceremony inde (tide). navel [neyv0l] ti. wuddu (tidu)
nance [nans] ti. debati gorkati. navigable [n0vig0b0l] adj. cfo laana waawi
nap [nap] v. muumnaade. take a ~ rewde.
muumnaade. He is napping Ko o nay [nay] adv. alaa.
muumniicfo. near [niy0] prep, sara (o)', takko (o). ~ the
nape [neyp] ti. kacfu; hoTTudu (tidu)', river takko maayo.
geenol (tigol). nearby [niy0bay] adv. sara.
narcissism [nars0sizm] ti. gilli hoore mum, neat [niyt] adj. laabcfo; peewcfo.
hooram hooram.
nebulize [neby0layz] v. nibbicfde;
narrate [nareyt] v. tindude; jal]taade. nibbicfinde.
narration [n9reys0n] ti. tindol (tigdl)\ necessary [nes0s0ri] adj. ko soklaa. It is
jaI3tag61 (tigol). necessary Ina soklaa.
narrative [nar0tiv] ti. tindol (tigol). necessitate [nes0s0teyt] v. soklude.
narrow [nar0w] adj. paacfcfum; ko faacfi.
necessity [nes0s0ti] ti. sokla (o).
be in ~ circumstances faacfeede.
neck [nek] ti. daande (tide)', geenol (tigolf,
nasal [neyz0l] adj. ko faati e hinere.
hoTTudu (tidu). save one’s ~ dandude
nascent [neys0nt] adj. ko fucfcfii. hoore mum.
nasty [nasti] adj. boncfo, tunwucfo. necklace [nekl0s] ti. cakka (ka).
natal [neyt0l] adj. ko faati e need [niyd] v. haajde; soklude. I need your
jibinde/jibinande. help Mbecfe soldi ballal maa.
natant [neyt0nt] adj. ko lumbii; ko hayi. need [niyd] ti. sokla (o)', haaju (o).
natation [neyteys0n] ti. lummbagol (tigol). needle [niyd0l] ti. meselal (tigal).
natator [neyteyt0] ti. lumbotoocfo (o). needless [niydles] adj. ko soklaaka.
nates [neyts] ti. dote (de). needy [niydi] adj. coklucfo; katojincfo been,
nation [neys0n] ti. ngendi (tidi). negate [n0geyt] v. niilnude.
negation [n0geys0n] ti. niilnugol (tigdl).

208
negative nonchalant

negative [negativ] adj. ko niilnaa. news [nyuwz] ti. kabaruuji (cfi)', nanallaaji
neglect [naglekt] v. welsindaade. (cfi). -man kabroowo (o). Have you heard
neglect [naglekt] n. welsindaare (tide). the news A nanii kabaaru o?
neglectful [naglektfal] adj. belsindiicfo. He next [nekst] dewcfo been; cukko; cukkucfo.
is so neglectful Ndaw ko welsindii. nib [nib] ti. ceebeendi kucfol, hoggo (tigo).
negligence [neglajans] ti. welsindaare nibble [nibal] v. fjolde; mooYde; serde;
(tide). t]efde.
negligent [neglajant] adj. belsindiicfo. nice [nays] adj. joocfcfo, moTYo. He is
nice Omo moYYi.
negociate [nagowseyt] v. haaldude;
yeeytondirde; haaldeede. nickname [nikneym] ti. waccoore (tide)\
sowoore (tide)
negotiable [nagowsabal] adj. ko ina
haaldoo. The price is negociahle Coggu nictate [nikteyt] v. majde.
ngu ina wacfdee ustu beydu. nidificate [nidafikeyt] v. sabbinde.
negotiation [nagowseysan] ti. kaaldigal nidify [nidafay] v. sande sabbundu,
(tigal). sabbinde.
negro [niygro] ti. baleejo (o). niece [niys] ti. baacfiraacfo debbo,
neigh [neyh] v. hijde niggard [nigad] adj. boroocfo.
neighborhood [neybahud] ti. sara (o)\ nigh [nay] v. faandaade; battaade.
takko (o). night [nayt] ti. jamma (o). last ~ jamma
neighbor [neyba] ti. kocfdiicfo (o). He is hanki.
my next door neighbor Ko kanko woni nihilism [nihilizm] ti. luutndagol (tigol).
kocfdiicfo am takkiicfo mi. nimble [nimbal] v. koycfo e leydi.
nenuphar [nenuwfar] ti. raayre (tide).
nine [nayn] tium. jeenay.
neoteric [newotarik] adj. keso, kesum. ninefold [naynfowld] adj. laabi jeenay.
nephew [nefyuw] ti. baacfiraacfo (o). nineth [nayn0] ord. jeenayo.
nepotism [nepatizm] ti. lenamlenaagu ninety [naynti] tium. capancfe jeenay.
nip [nip] v. taYde, l^uccude.
nerval [narval] adj. ko faati e cfacfol.
nit [nit] ti. mbimYa (ha).
nerve [narv] ti. cfacfol (tigol). lose one’s ~
nix [niks] ti. dara (o)\ hay huunde
bemude; mettinde, sekde.
no [now] adv. alaa.
nervous [narvas] adj. mo hakkille mum
deeTaani; loobcfo. nobble [nowbal] v. yeende; soodde.
nest [nest] n. sabbundu (tidu) nobility [nowbalati] ti. ndimaagu (tigu).
nest [nest] v. sabbinde. noble [nowbal] ti. dimo (o), lawake (o).
nestle [nesal] v. sabbinde. nobleman [nowbalman] ti. dimo (o).
nestling [neslip] ti. bingel sondu. nobody [nowbadi] pron. hay gooto.
net [net] ti. saakiti (o). nocent [nowsant] adj. ko gaanata.
neural [nyuwral] adj. ko faati e cfacfi. nocturnal [noktarnal] adj. ko faati e
jamma, ko diwata jamma.
neutral [nyuwtral] adj. hakkundeejo, mo
wuuranaaki. nod [nod] v. dillinde hoore, jabde.
never [neva] adv. abada; muk. Never give node [nowd] //. wulnde (tide)', jokkorde
up on a good thing Necfcfo ina foti (tide).
jaggude e ko moTTi. noggin [nogin] ti. hoore necfcfo, koppu (o).
nevertheless [nevadales] adv. kono noon,noise [noiz] ti. dille (def, dillere (tide)',
new [nyuw] adj. keso; kesum. the ~ moon gulaali (di).
lewru dariindu (tidu). noisy [noyzi] adj. ko heewi dille, keewcfo
newborn [nyuwborn] ti. tiggu (o). dille. he ~ heewde dille.
nominal [nowmanal] adj. ko faati e innde.
nonchalant [nansalant] adj. mo wondaaka

209
none
none [nown] hay huunde; hay dara. » noun [nawn] n. inde (nde).
nonsense [nonsans] n. maayka (ka)\ ko alaa
maanaa. What you are saying is nonsense
Haala maa kaa daraa ki.
nook [nuwk] n. lobbudu (ndu).
noose [nuwz] n. worsundu (ndu).
norm [norm] n. huunde yamiraande; huunde
rewnde laawol.
normal [nomal] adj. ko rewi laawol.
normalize [nomalayz] v. rewnude laawol.
north [nor0] n. rewo (ngo).
northeast [norGiyst] n. fucfnaange rewo.
northerner [nor50n0] n. rewanke (o).
northwest [norGwest] n. hirnaange rewo.
nose [nowz] n. hinere (nde). ~ bleeding
tuTTam (dam), blow one's ~ fiifaade;
nittaade.
nostalgia [nostalja] n. yeeweende (nde).
nostalgic [nostaljik] adj. jeewnucfo.
nostril [nostral] n. wuddere hinere.
not [not] adv. alaa. ~ yet suwaa; suwaa
tawo. ~ even hay. ~ at all muk.
notable [nowt0b0l] n. koohoowo (o).
notation [nowteys0n] n. bindol (ngdl).
notch [note] v. seekoode (nde).
note [nowt] n. kongol bindangol.
noteworthy [nowtw0r6i] adj. ko haandi e.
nothing [noGii]] n. meere (nde), dara (o)\
futtere (nde).
notice [nowtis] v. tintude; yiide; teskaade. /
did not notice it Mi teskaaki cfum.
notice [nowtis] n. kabaaru (o).
notification [nowt0fikeys0n] n. kabaaru
(o)\ tintingol (ngdl).
notify [nowt0fay] v. tintinde; andinde,
habrude.
notion [nows0n] n. miijo (ngo).
notorious [nowt0ry0s] adj. dowlucfo.
nought [not] n. hay huunde.
210
nylon
nourish [nuris] v. hamminde.
nourishment [nurismont] n. nguura, namri
(ndi).
novel [nowv0l] adj. ko hescfi.
novelty [nowvolti] n. huunde hescfunde.
novice [nowvis] n. ekkotoocfo (o)\ keso.
now [naw] adv. jooni. every ~ and then
sahaa sahaa kala.
noxious [noks0s] adj. ko bonnata.
noyade [nuwayad] n. yoolaare (nde).
nub [riAb] n. boodde (nde).
nubile [nyuwbol] debbo jontucfo reseede.
nude [nyuwd] adj. meho, boortiicfo.
nudge [nAj] v. baaTde.
nuisance [nus0ns] n. huunde haabniinde.
He is a nuisance Omo haabnii.
null [nAl] n. hay huunde.
nullify [nAlofay] v. niilnude.
numb [nAm] adj. jaadcfum; ko jaacfi.
number [nAmbo] th limoore (nde)\ limre
(nde). ~ one limoore adiinde.
numerable [nuwm0r0b0l] adj. ko limotoo.
numeral [muwm0r0l] adj. ko faati e
limoore.
numerate [nuwmoret] v. limde.
numeration [nuwm0reys0n] n. limoore
(nde).
numerous [nuwm0r0s] adj. keewcfi;
keewcfum; ko heewi.
nuptial [nups0l] adj. ko faati e dewgal.
nurse [n0rs] v. safrude.
nurture [n0rc0] v. diwnude; nehde.
nut [nAt] n. woroore (nde).
nutrition [nuwtriys0n] n. naamdu (ndu).
nylon [nayl0n] n. nilol] (o).
oaf
oaf [owf] ti. necfcfo muddo.
oar [owr] v. awTude.
oar [owr] n. awTal (ngal)\ lummbirgal
(ngal).
oat [owt] n. naskaacfo.
oath [ow0] n. waatoore (ride)\
woondoore (nde). make an ~ woonde. be
under ~ woonde.
obdurate [objuwrat] adj. jattiniicfo.
obedience [obiyjans] n. cfowtaare (nde).
obedient [obiyjant] adj. cfowtiicfo.
obese [owbiyz] adj. bellincfo, butto,
butticfao.
obey [owbey] v. cfowtaade. You must
obey him Ada foti dowtaade mo.
obfuscate [obfaskeyt] v. nibbidinde,
hawjinde.
obituary [owbicari] n. taggee (o).
object [objekt] v. salaade. I object to that
proposal Mi jabaani ngoon miijo.
object [objekt] n. huunde (nde).
objection [objeks0n] n. salaare (nde).
objective [objektiv] n. muuya (o). The
objective is to finish early Njidden ko
haljitde law.
obligate [oblOgeyt] v, waawnude.
obligation [obl0geys0n] n. fotde (nde).
oblige [oblayj] v. waawnude.
oblique [obliyk] adj. ko fortaaki.
obliterate [obl0t0reyt] v. momtude.
obliteration [obl0t0reys0n] n. momtugol
(ngol).
oblivion [obl0vy0n] n. jejji (di).
oblivious [obliyvy0s] adj. jejjitdo;
jejjitoowo.
obnoxious [obnoks0s] adj. kaabniido.
obscene [obsiyn] adj. kongol bongol.
obscurant [obskyuwr0nt] n. nibbidinoowo
(o).
obscure [obskyuwr] adj. nibbiddum.
obscurity [obskyuwr0ti] n. nibbere (nde).
observable [obz0rv0b0l] adj. ko yiyotoo.
observation [obz0veys0n] n. laargol (ngdl)\
Teewki (ki).
observ'e [obz0rv] v. laarde.
obsess [obses] v. woTeede; woTde.
211
offcast
o
obsession [obses0n] n. woTa (o)-, ngoTa
(o).
obsolescence [obsowl0s0ns] n. nayewaagu
(fJg^)-
obsolete [obs0liyt] adj. ko Tee!]i; ko natti
huutoreede.
obstacle [obst0k0l] n. hadiinde (nde).
obstinate [obst0n0t] adj. jattiniido, fjatdo.
obstruct [obstrAkt] v. hadde.
obtain [obteyn] v. hebde
obtainable [obteyn0b0l] adj. ko hebotoo.
obturate [obc0reyt] v. mubbude; sukkude.
obvious [0bvy0s] adj. ko feeni; peendum.
It is obvious Edum laabi.
occasion [okey30n] n. sahaa (o).
occasional [okey30nl] adj. sahaa sahaa.
occasionally [okey30n0li] adv. sahaa sahaa;
sahaa kala.
occidental [oks0d0nt0l] adj. ko faati e
hirnaange.
occlude [okluwd] v. sukkude; mubbude.
occult [okAlt] adj. ko faati e dabare.
occupant [okyuwp0nt] n. koddo (o)\
gondo (o).
occupation [okyuwpeys0n] n. liggeey (o).
occupy [okuwpay] v. wonde e.
occur [ok0r] v. wonde; laataade; wadde.
The accident occurred today Ko hande
aksida o wadi.
ocean [oys0n] n. geec (o).
oceanic [oys0yanik] adj. ko faati e geec.
octa [okt0] pref. jeetati.
octogenarian [okt0j0neyry0n] n. jom duubi
capande jeetati fayi jeenay.
ocular [oky0l0] adj. ko faati e
yitere/gite/giile.
oculist [oky0wl0st] n. cafroowo gite.
odd [od] adj. teeldum, ko teeli. an ~
number limoore teelnde. be ~ waasde
yubbude.
odious [oj0s] adj. ko anaa.
odor [od0] n. uureeki (ki); luubeeki (ki).
off [0f] prep, ko woddi. be ~ tellaade,
jippaade, juumde.
offal [of0l] n. kurjuru (o).
offcast [0fkast] adj. ko jofiaa.
offend
offend [ofend] v. toonde; albaade. He was
offended by your remarks A sectnii mo.
offense [ofens] n. toonange (nge).
offer [of9] V. hokkude. Make me an offer
haalanam ko njogi cfaa.
offering [ofrig] n. dokkal (ngal).
office [ofis] n. biro (oj. He went to the
office O yahii biro makko.
official [ofiysal] adj. ko yamiraa.
officiate [ofiyseyt] v. gollaade gollal mum.
offspring [ofsprig] n. besngu (ngu).
often [oftan] adv. jo e jo; sahaa sahaa kala.
ogle [ogal] V. laarde.
ogre [oga] n. mbaroodi (ndi).
oil [oyl] n. nebam (cfam)\ diwlin (o).
oil [oyl] V. wujde; newde. ~ someone*s hair
wujde.
ointment [oyntmant] n. lekki poppeteeki.
okra [owkra] n. kanje (de) old [owld] adj.
booycfo; naywucTo, kiicfcfo. ~ fashioned
ko Teel]i; ko jolti. How old are you No
duubi maa poti. / am three years old Mi
danii duubi tati.
older [owlda] adj. keccucfo. ~ sibling
deede (o) ; mawniraacfo (o). be ~ than
heccude. He is older than you Ko kanko
heccu maa.
oldest [owldast] adj. burcfo fof heewde
duubi.
Olympic [olimpik] adj. ko faati e pijirlooji
hakkunde leycfeele.
omelet [omlet] n. omolet (o).
omit [omit] v. yejjitde; jonde.
omnipotent [omnapowtant] n. joomiraacfo
(o).
omniscient [omnasant] adj. gando.
on [on] prep, e; dow.
once [wans] adv. gootol.
oncoming [onkamig] /?. battagol (ngol).
one [wan] num. goo ; gooto (o). ~ person
necfcTo gooto. ~ hook deftere wootere.
one-eyed [wanayd] adj. cfokko.
oneiric [ownarik] adj. ko faati e
koycfol/koycfi.
oneness [wanes] n. wootere (nde).
onerous [onaras] adj. ko tiicfi; tiicfcfum.
oneself [wanselt] pr. hooremum.
onion [onyan] n. wasalde (nde)\ soblere
(nde).
212
optimism
only [onli] adj. tan; gooto; petto; bajjo.
onset [onsat] n. fucfcforde (nde).
onward [onwad] adv. faade yeeso.
oology [owloji] n. jangde boccoocfe colli,
opaque [owpeyk] adj. ko tunndi lewlewal.
open [owpan] adj. Ijaabicfum;
gudditiicfum. ~ space dingiral (ngal). be
wide ~ I]aabaade; 13abbitaade. ~ land
sooynde (nde). The door is open Damal
ngal uddaaki.
open [owpan] v. sukkitde; udditde;
mubbitde; ombitde. ~ halfway aarde. ~
half way feerde. ~ apart weende; 13aabde.
~ eyes widely fulnitde. ~ fire fellude.
opener [owpna] n. gudditoowo (o) ;
huunde uddittoore.
opening [owpni^] n. udditgol (ng6l)\
uddital (ngal).
operate [owpreyt] v. dognude.
operation [owpreysan] n. dognugol (ngol).
ophthalmic [oftalmik] adj. ko faati e
gite/yitere.
ophthalmologist n. cafroowo gite.
opine [owpayn] v. hollude miijo.
opinion [owpiynyan] n. miijo (ngo) sikke
(o). in my ~ e wiide am. What is your
opinion Holko woni miijo maa.
opponent [opownant] n. kabdiicfo (o).
opportune [opacuwn] n. ko hawri.
opportunity [opacuwnati] n. danal (ngal),
kebagol (ngol). I have not had the
opportunity to go there Mi danaani no
njahrumi toon.
oppose [opowz] V. nande, luutndaade.
opposite [opazit] adj. ko luutondiri; ko
luutndii. the ~ sex gorko; debbo; wordu;
rewru.
opposition [opaziysan] n. luutndagol
(ngol).
oppress [opres] v. hiicfaade, bittude. They
are oppressed Ko be bittaabe.
oppression [opresan] n. kiicfagol (ngdl)\
bittugol (ngol).
opt [opt] V. subaade.
optical [optakal] adj. ko faati e gite.
optician [optiysan] n. peewnoowo lone,
jeeyoowo lone.
optimal [optimal] adj. burdo fof; ko buri
fof
optimism [optamizm] n. cfamaawu (o).
optimist outrun

optimist [optamist] n. necfcfo cfaniiniicfo. orphanage [of0nij] n. alyatiimaagu (ngu)\

optimum [opt0m0m] n. huunde bumde fof. alyatimaagal (ngal).
option [ops0n] n. cubagol (ngdl). What are orthographer [or0ogr0f0] n. jom bindol.
my options Hoi ko mbaawmi wacfde/Hol orthography [or0ogr0fi] v. bindol (ngdl).
ko mbaawmi subaade? orthopedics [or0opediks] n. safaara koycfe.
optional [ops0n0l] adj. ko faati e cubagol. os [os] n. Tiyal (ngal).
opulence [opyuwlans] n. keewal (tigal). oscillate [os0leyt] v. yiilaade; dillude.
opulent [opyuwlant] adj. keewraacfo, oscillation [os0leys0n] n. jiilagol (ngdl).
keewcfum; ko heewi.
osculate [oskyuwleyt] v. buucaade.
or [or] conj. walla; maa. osculation [oskyuwleys0n] n. buucagol
oracle [orakal] n. baajotoocfo (o). (ngdl).
oral [owr0l] adj. ko faati e hunuko. ossify [os0fay] v. Tiynude.
orange [or0nj] u. soraas (o). ostrich [ostric] n. ndaw (o)
orator [owreyta] n. kaaloowo (o). other [060] adj. gocfcfo. ~ ones gocfcfi (cfi).
orchard [Oc0d] u. ngesa bibbe lecfcfe. the ~ book deftere ndeya.
ordain [ordeyn] v. yamirde. otherwise [od0rwayz] adv. so wonaa cfum.
order [od0] u. 1) dewondiral (ngal) 2) otology [ot0l0ji] n. jangde nofru.
yamiroore fndej. otter [ot0] n. muumantel Alla,
order [od0] v. yamirde. ought [owt] V. fotde.
orderly [od0li] adj. ko rewondiri; ko our [aw0] det. amen; meecfen; ko men. ~
reggondiri. baby bingel amen.
ordinance [od0li] u. yamiroore (nde). ours [aw0z] pron. ko men. The book is
ordure [ordyuwr] n. kurjuru (oj, dubuuje ours cfum ko deftere men.
(Cfe). ourselves [aw0selvz] pr. enen koyemen,
organ [org0n] n. tergal (ngal). extra ~ minen.
sindere (nde). oust [awst] V. yaltinde; riiwde.
organism [Og0nizm] n. muumantel Alla. ouster [awst0] n. jaltingol (ngdl).
organization [Og0n0zeys0n] n. fedde (nde). out [2Lw\\prep. boowal (ngal).
^at is the purpose of your organization
out-of-date [awt0fdeyt] adj. ko TeeT]i, ko
Hoi ko woni muuyaa fedde mon?
jolti. be ~ Yeerjde, joltude.
orient [ory0nt] n. fucfnaange (nge).
outdated [awtdeytid] adj. ko Yeer]i.
orient [ory0nt] v. huccinde. outdoor [awtdo] n. boowal (ngal).
oriental [ory0nt0l] adj. ko faati e
outfit [awtfit] n. comcol (ngdl).
fucfnaange.
outgoing [awtgowiig] adj. cakalo.
orientation [ory0nteys0n] n. kuccingol
(ngdl). outgrow [awtgr0w] v. burtaade.
orifice [Or0fays] n. wuddere (nde). outlaw [awtlo] n. luutndiicfo laawol.
origin [or0jin] n. iwdi (ndi)', lasli (o). What outlet [awtlet] n. yaltirde (nde). This is not
is the origin of the Fulani Hoi ko woni an outlet cfum wonaa yaltirde.
lasli Fulbe? outline [awtlayn] n. keerol (ngdl).
originate [or0j0neyt] v. sosde, iwde. outline [awtlayn] v. amminde.
originator [or0j0neyt0] n. coscfo (o) ; outpace [awtpeys] v. dacftaade.
pudcfucfo (o). output [awtput] n. conaandi (ndi).
ornament [orn0m0nt] n. nakkucfi (ndi). outrage [awtreyj] n. toonange (nge)\
ornamental [orn0m0nt0l] adj. ko faati e gaanande (nde).
nakkudi. outright [awtrayt] adj. cfoon e cfoon.
ornate [omeyt] v. sinkude. outrun [awtrAn] v. dacfde.
orphan [of0n] n. alyatiimu (o) ; baayo (o).

213
outset oyster

outset [awtset] n. fucfcfoode (nde)., oversleep [owv0sliyp] v. weetndorde. /

fucfcforde (nde). from the ~ gila adan; gila overslept this morning Ko mi
fiiCfcfii. beetndorcfo.
outside [awtsayd] n. boowal (ngal). overtake [owv0teyk] v. dacftaade.
outsider [awtsayda] n. mo jeyaaka e. overtime [owv0taym] n. waktuuji burtucfi.
outskirts [awtskort] n. saraaji ((fi). overwhelm [owv0welm] v. foolde.
oval [owv9l] adj. ko jogii tagoodi ovine [owvayn] adj. ko faati e baali.
boccoonde. ovoid [ovoyd] adj. ko jogii tagoodi
ovate [owveyt] adj. ko jogii tagoodi boccoonde.
boccoonde. owe [ow] V. rewde. / owe you fifty francs
oven [owv0n] /?. fliur (o). Mbecfe rewmaa buucfi sappo/Mbecfe
over [owvO] prep. dow. he ~ gasde, fusde. jogani maa duubi sappo.
overdo [owv0du] v. burtinde. owl [awl] n. puppubal (ngal).
overdue [owv0juw] adj. ko benni. own [own] v. jogaade; halflide; jeyde. / own
a car Mbecfe jogii oto.
overeat [owv0riyt] v. buuteede.
owner [own0] n. jeycfo, jom; kaliifa (o). He
overflow [owv0fl0w] n. rufo (ago).
is the owner of the house Ko kanko jey
overlap [owv0lap] v. burtude; yantude, galle o.
naatondirde.
ownership [own0sip] n. jeyal (ngal).
overlook [owv0luk] v. tiimde.
ox [oks] n. ngaari (ndi). young ~ yeego
overrule [ovA^0ruwl] v. hacfde. (ngo), gayel (ngel).
overseas [owv0siyz] n. caggal geec. oyster [oyst0] n. wujo (ngo).
oversee [owv0siy] v. reende; ardaade.

214
pa
pa [pa] n. baabiraacfo (o).
pace [peys] v, daasnaade; daagaade,
yahnaade. go at a slow ~ yahrude yeeso.
pacer [peysa] n. daasnotoocfo (o)\
daagotoodo jahnotoocfo (o).
pacific [pasafik] adj. deeTcfo; jicfcfo
deeTal.
pacifier [pas0fay0] n. deeTnoowo (o).
pacifism [pasafizm] n. deeTre (nde)\, jam
ro;.
pacify [pasafay] v. deeTnude.
pacing [peysig] ti. naaXal (ngal).
pack [pak] v. soomde; habbude. ~ one’s
clothing feewnude comci mum.
packer [paka] ii. coomoowo (o).
packet [paket] /?. pakket (o).
packing [pakig] n. coomgol (ngol);
kubbugol (ngol).
pact [pakt] n. aadondiral (ngal).
pad [pad] n. tekkere jappeere (nde).
paddle [padal] n. awTal (ngal)\ awTirgal
(ngal).
paddle [padal] v. awTude.
paddler [padla] n. awToowo (o).
paddling [padlig] n. awTugol (ngol).
padishah [padasa] n. laamcfo.
padlock [padlok] n. udumere (nde).
paen [peyan] n. jimol (ngol).
pagan [peygan] n. mo wonaa juulcfo.
page [peyj] n. hello kayit; bal]I]e kaayit.
You can write on this page Acfa waawi
windude e ngo hello.
paginal [pajinal] adj. ko faati e hello kaayit.
paginate [pajaneyt] v. limde kelle
kaayitaaji.
pail [peyl] n. siwoo (o).
paillasse [palyas] n. pajaas (o).
pain [peyn] n. 1) muusu (o)\ mettere (nde)',
til]; muuseeki (ki) 2) I]atiwere (nde). I
feel your pain Enen ndendi sunaare.
pained [peynd] adj. gaaniicfo, cuniicfo.
painful [peynfal] adj. ko muusi; muuscfum.
It is painful Ina muusi.
paint [peynt] n. pentiir (o)
painted [peyntad] adj. ko pentiraa.
painter [peynta] n. pentiroowo (o).
215
pant
painting [peyntii}] n. natal (ngal) pentirgol
(ngol).
pair [per] n. cficfi.
pajamas [pajamaz] n. comci baaldirteecfe.
pal [pal] n. sehil (o).
palace [palis] n. hocforde laamcfo.
palatal [palatal] adj. ko faati e cfakane.
palate [palat] n. cfakaane (o).
palaver [palava] /?. yeewtere (nde).
pale [peyl] adj. joomcfo.
palfrey [palfrey] n. puccu (ngu).
palisade [palaseyd] n. galle (o).
pallbearer [polbera] n. jahoowo janayse;
nawoowo maaycfo to qabri mum.
pallet [palet] n. daago (ngo).
palliasse [palyas] n. pajaas (o).
palliate [palyeyt] v. deeTnude.
palm [pam] n. 1) newre (nde) 2) lekki (ki).
grease someone’s ~ yeende.
palmar [pQma] adj. ko faati e newre jungo.
palmer [pama] n. kajjucfo.
palpable [palpabal] adj. ko yiyitoo, ko
memotoo.
palpate [palpeyt] v. memde.
palpitate [palpateyt] v. diwde.
palpitation [palpateysan] n. lukkere (nde).
paltry [poltri] adj. nuskucfum (seecfa).
pamper [pampa] v. bonnude, horsinde,
bewnude; moomde.
pan [pan] n. kastiloor (o).
panache [panas] n. jombo (ko)', nakkudi
(ndi).
pancake [paqkeyk] n. wenere (nde).
pandemic [pandemik] adj. ko yaaji; ko
hubtodini.
pandit [pandit] n. gando (o).
pandy [pandi] v. fiide e jungo.
pang [paq] n. sunaare (nde).
panhandle [panhandal] n. jungo kastiloor.
panhandle [panhandal] v. haagaade;
yelaade.
panic [panik] n. jeeTere (nde)', kulol (ngol).
panic [panik] v. jeeTude; hulde; weftileede.
pannier [panye] n. pane (o).
pant [pant] v. lehde; fettude.
panter passer

panter [pant0] n. pettoowo (o). • parricide [par0sayd] ti. barcfo jinnaacfo

panther [pan00] n. cewngu mum.
pantry [pantri] n. faawru (ndu). parrot [par0t] ti. sooyru (tidu).
pants [pants] n. tuuba (ba). wear one’s parry [pari] v. ruucfaade; wappaade.
boornaade tuuba mum. parse [pQs] v. sifaade.
pap [pap] n. endu (ndu). parsimony [pas0mowni] ti. tiicfcfo jungo.
papaya [papay0] n. pappaaye (o). part [pat] n. sengo (tigo), feccere (tide)-,
paper [peyp0] n. kaayit (o) gecfal (tigal). be ~ o/jeyeede e.
par [par] /?. ko foti. part [pat] V. seertude.
parachute [par0suwt] n. tellinde; tellaade. partake [pateyk] v. feccude; taweede.
parade [p0reyd] v. naaTde, maajde. parted [patid] adj. ko feccaa.
parade [p0reyd] ti. naaTal (ngal). partial [pas0l] adj. 1) ko faati e gecfal 2)
paradigm [par0daym] ti. yeru (ngii). jingoowo; guuraniicfo.
partiality [pasy0l0ti] ti. jingere (tide).
paradise [par0dayz] //. aljanna (o). go to ~
naatde aljanna. partible [pat0b0l] adj. ko ina
paragraph [par0graf] n. windande (tide). seemdoo/feccoo.
participant [p0rtisip0nt] ti. jantucfo (o)-,
parallel [par0lel] adj. laabi tiindiicfi nokku
tawtoraacfo (o).
gooto cfi pottataa.
participate [p0rt0s0peyt] v. yantude;
paralytic [par0litik] adj. boofo, goofcfucfo.
taweede, tawtoreede.
paralyzed [par0layzd] adj. goofcfuCfo,
boofo. particle [pat0k0l] ti. gecfel (tigel).
particular [patikil0] adj. ko faati e.
paraphrase [par0freyz] v. sifaade; reftaade
e. particularly [patikil0li] adv. teel3ti noon e.
parasite [par0sayt] adj. pawiicfo. parting [patip] ti. ceergal (tigal)-,
parasol [par0sol] n. paraseewal (tigal). ceemdugol.
partisan [patiz0n] ti. gonancfo (o)-,
parcel [pas0l] /?. neldal (tigal).
gonducfo (o).
parch [pQc] v. yoornude.
partite [pertayt] adj. ko feccaa.
pardon [pad0n] ti. yaafuya (o). / beg your
partition [p0rtiys0n] ti. peccugol (tigol).
pardon Ko mbiicfaa.
partitioning [p0rtiys0nip] ti. seerndude,
pardon [pad0n] v. yaafaade.
feccude.
pardoner [pad0n0] ti. jaafotoocfo (o).
partner [patn0] ti. liggodiicfo (o)-, gondiicfo
pare [par] v. settude, taTde.
(o).
parent [per0nt] ti. jinnaacfo (o). partridge [patrij] ti. gerlal (tigal).
parental [per0nt0l] adj. ko faati e jinnaacfo. parturient [partyuwry0nt] adj. I]arwuCfo.
parenthood [per0nthud] ti. encfam (dam). party [pati] v. kewnude.
parenticide [per0nt0sayd] ti. necfcfo barcfo party [pati] ti. parti (o)-, kew (o).
jinnaacfo/jinnaabe mum.
parure [paruwr] ti. cucfaari (tidi).
parity [par0ti] ti. potal (tigal).
pass [pas] V. bennude; dacfde; dacftaade;
park [pok] ti. galle (o) jawdi/muumanteeji
yawtude; rewde. ~ again bennitde. ~ the
Alla. normal limits muukaade. ~ close to
parlance [pal0ns] ti. haala (ka). wirtaade. ~ without breaking saayde
parlay [paley] v. fawde, tegde. passable [pas0b0l] adj. ko bennata; cfo ina
parley [poley] ti. yeewtere (tide). rewoo.
parlous [pal0s] adj. ToTcfo. passage [pasij] ti. laawol (tigol), windande
parol [p0rowl] ti. nanalla (o). (tide).
parole [p0rowl] v. cfaccitde cokanoocfo. be passenger [pasenj0] ti. paasaase (o).
on ~ jaggeede e kongol. passer [pas0] ti. jahoowo (o)-, bennoowo
(o), berlotoocfo (o). ~ />y jahoowo (o).

216
 4

passion pedigree

passion [pas0n] n. pinnugol (ngol). pay [pey] v. yobde. ~ part of a debt

passive [pasiv] adj. mo dillataa; nuggaro. dawlude. ~ hack yobde; ~ attention
passport [pasport] n. paaspoor (o). dankaade; wacftude hakkille.
password [pasw0rd] //. kongol nandiraagol. payable [pey0b0l] adj. ko foti yobeede.
past [past] n. hankimen. go ~ bennude; payee [peyi] n. jobaaefo jobeteeefo (o).
yawtude; faataade. payer [pey0] n. joboowo (o).
pastoral [pastowr0l] adj. ko faati e payment [peym0nt] n. njobdi (ndi).
ngaynaaka. payoff [peyof] n. njobdi (ndi).
pasture [pasc0] v. oomude; durnude. payroll [peyrol] n. inefe yimbe yobeteebe.
pat [pat] V. berkude. pea [piy] n. newre (nde).
patch [pate] v. efakkude. peace [piys] n. jam (o). ~ of mind deeTre
patchy patci] adj. cfakkacfum. hakkille.
patent [pat0nt] adj. ko laabi; ko feeni. peaceful [piysf0l] adj. deeTcTo.
paternal [pat0rn0l] adj. ko faati e baaba. ~ peach [piyc] n. janfaade.
aunt gorgol (o)\ gorgilaacfo (o). peak [piyk] n. eebtam (dam).
path [pa0] u. bolol (ngol), laawol (ngol). peanut [piynAt] n. yertere (nde)-, gerte (cfe)-,
pathology [paGowloji] n. jangde nabbuuli. dege (de). thick. ~ butter sauce maafe
(def, thin ~ butter sauce domoda (o)-,
pathway [paGwey] n. laawol (ngol).
baase (de).
patience [peys0ns] n. munal (ngal).
pear [per] n. bingel lecfcfe.
patient [peys0nt] adj. muncfo (o).
pearl [p0rl] n. naayre (nde).
patri [patri] //. baaba (o).
peasant [pez0nt] n. demoowo (o).
patriarch [patry0rk] n. mawcfo gadiicfo.
pebble [peb0l] n. haayre (nde).
patrimonial [patr0mowny0l] adj. ko faati e
ndonu. peccant [pek0nt] adj. tooncfo; bakkodincfo.
patrimony [patr0mowni] n. ndonu (ngu). peck [pek] v. sikaade.
patriot [peytryot] adj. jicfcfo ngendi mum. pectoral [pektowr0l] adj. ko faati e becce.
patrol [p0trowl] v. jeertoyaade; reende. peculate [pekyuwleyt] v. wujjude.
patron [peytr0n] n. balloowo (o)\ gardiicfo pecuniary [pekyuwn0ri] adj. ko faati e
kaalis.
jiimcfo (o).
patter [pat0] v. saalaade. pedagogical [ped0gowj0k0l] adj. ko faati e
jangde.
pattern [pat0n] n. mbaadi (ndi).
pedagogics [ped0gowjiks] n. jangde
paucity [pos0ti] n. 13akkere (nde). jangingol.
paunch [pone] n. reedu mawndu. pedagogy [ped0goji] n. jangingol (ngdl), ko
pauper [pop0] n. necfcfo baascfo. faati e jangingol.
pauperism [pOp0rizm] n. baasal (ngal). pedal [ped0l] n. alkabeere (nde).
pause [powz] n. deeXre (nde)-, dartagol peddle [ped0l] v. yeeyde.
(ngol). peddler [pedl0] n. baanabaana (o).
pave [peyv] v. ferde; feewnude laawol. ~ pederast [ped0rast] n. baanabaana (o).
the yvay for udditde/ferde laawol.
pedestal [ped0st0l] n. jaalal (ngal).
pavilion [p0vily0n] n. tilliisa (o).
pedestrian [ped0stry0n] n. jahroowo
paw [pOw] n. takkere (nde). little takkel koycfe.
~

(ngel).
pediatrics [pedyatriks] n. jangde cellal e
pawn [pOwn] n. juknude. laabal sukaabe.
pawnbroker [pownbrowk0] n. juknoowo pedicure [ped0kyuwr] n. safaara koyCfe.
(o).
pediform [ped0form] adj. ko wayi no
pawpaw [pawpaw] n. pappaaye (o). koyngal.
pedigree [ped0griy] n. asko (ngo).

217
pedlar
pedlar [pedlo] n. jeeyoowo
doondotoocfo ina yobee.
pedology [pedaloji] u. jangde leydi.
pediincule [pedopkyuwl] ri. gawTal (ngal).
pee [piy] v. taaraade.
peek [piyk] v. yuurnaade.
peel [piyl] v. hooltaade; settude; esde.
peel [piyl] n. cettol (ngdl)\ gufi (cfi)\ nguru
peeler [piyl9] //. cettoowo (o).
peeling [piylir)] n. cettugol (ngdl).
peep [piyp] v. yuurnaade.
peer [piyr] v. laarde.
peerless [piyrles] adj. mo hono mum perdu [pardu] adj. ko suucfii.
woodaani; mo alaa giTiraacfo.
peeve [piyv] v. seknude.
peewee [piywiy] adj. pamaro.
peg [peg] n. sukkoode (tide).
pelage [p9la3] n. leebi.
pelican [palikan] n. ginal (ngal).
pellicle [pelikal] n. nguru.
pen [pen] //. kucfol (ngdl).
penal [piynal] adj. ko faati e kuugal.
penalize [piynalayz] v. yobnaade toonange,
yoftaade; fawde kuugal e.
penalty [penalti] n. kuugal (ngal). pay the
~ tellinde kuugal.
pencil [pensal] n. kiriyol] (o).
pend [pend] v. liggude; yowde.
pending [pendip] adj. haa. ~ approval so
jabaama; haa jabee.
penetrate [penatreyt] v. naatde; naatnude.
penetration [penatreysan] n. naatnugol
(ngdl)\ naatgol (ngdl).
penis [piynas] n. soolde (nde)\ kaake
gorko.
penitent [panitant] adj. tuubcfo.
penitentiary [panitansari] n. kaso.
penknife [penayf] n. label (ngel).
penniless [penales] adj. baascfo.
penny [peni] n. koppoor (o).
pensile [pensal] adj. ko weelata; ko liggaa. periplus [pariplAs] ti. cfangal (ngal).
pensive [pensiv] adj. miijotoocfo.
penta [penta] pref. joy.
penult [piynAlt] n. cukko battano.
penurious [penyuwryas] adj. tiicfcfo jungo, perjure [parja] v. jumde.
baascfo.
penury [penyuwri] n. baasal (ngal).
permanent
(())\ people [piypal] n. yimbe (be)
pepper [pepa] n. poobaar (o).
peppery [pepari] adj. ko heewi poobaar.
peptic [peptik] adj. ko dolnata.
per [pa] adv. kala.
percale [parkeyl] n. percale,
perceive [parsiyv] v. yiide.
perch [pare] n. 1) fooftorde (tide) 2)
coorgal (ngal).
percolate [parkowleyt] v. siiwtude.
percolation [parkowleyt] ti. ciiwtugol
(ngdl).
percuss [parkAs] v. fiide.
peregrinate [paragrineyt] v. cfaanaade.
peregrination [paragraneysan] ti. cfangal
(ngal).
perennial [paranyal] adj. ko duumii; haa
abada.
perfect [parfekt] adj. ko timmi, ko hawri.
perfection [parfeksan] ti. timmal (tigal)\
peewal (ngal).
perfidious [parfiyjas] adj. mo nuuncfaani.
perforate [parforeyt] v. yulde.
perform [perform] v. wacfde; gollaade. ~
for wacfande.
perfume [perfyuwm] ti. latikolon (o)\ lati;
uurateeri.
perhaps [parhaps] ina wona; ina waawi.
pericarp [perikarp] ti. saano (ko)-, nguru
(mO-
peril [peral] ti. halkaare (tide)-, bonande
(tide).
perilous [peralas] adj. ko halkata.
period [piyryad] ti. 1) dumunna (o)-, mudda
(o)-, sahaa (o)-, saanga (o). ~ before dmvn
weetndoogo (tigo) 2) fiilayru (tidu).
periodic [piyryowdik] adj. ko kewata sahaa
kala.
peripheric [parifiyrik] adj. ko faati e
keerol.
periphery [parifari] ti. keerol (ngdl).
perish [peris] v. halkaade.
perishable [perisabal] adj. ko bonata; ko
nolata.
perjury [paijri] ti. jumre (tide).
permanent [parmanant] adj. ko duumii.
218
 #

permissible phonology

permissible [parmisabol] adj. ko yamiraa. pesky [peski] adj. ko haljinta.

permission [p0rmiys0n] n. yamiroore pessimist [pes0mist] //. necfcfo mo
(nde). cfaminaaki.
permit [p0rmit] v. yamirde. pester [pest0] v. haljinde.
permute [p0nnyuwt] v. waylude. pestilence [pest0l0ns] n. naw ndaaboowu;
perorate [p0rowreyt] v. lebde. naw (ngu).
perpend [p0rpend] v. yisbude. pestle [pes0l] n. unugal (ngal).
perpetrate [p0p0treyt] v. wacfde. petit [p0ti] adj. pamaro.
perpetual [p0rp0cuw0l] adj. ko duumii. petite [p8tiyt] adj. pamaro.
perpetuity [p0rp0cwiti] n. haa abada. petition [p0tis0n] n. naagunde.
perplex [p0rpleks] v. weemnude; jiibde. petrify [p0tr0fay] v. jiibde bakke; hulbinde;
najnude.
perplexed [p0rplekst] adj. beemcfo.
petrol [p0trowl] n. esaas (o).
perplexity [p0rpleks0ti] (nde) weemre
(nde)\]\\bTu (ndu). petrology [p0trowloji] n. jangde kaaTe.
persecute [p0rsekyuwt] v. toonde, petty [peti] adj. seecfa; ko famcfi.
hiicfaade. phagocytize [fagows0tayz] v. naamde.
persecution [p0rsekyuws0n] n. toonange phantasm [fantazm] n. peenal (ngal).
(nge)\ kiicfagol (ngdl). phantom [fant0m] n. peenal (ngal).
persevere p0rs0viyr] v. tiicfnaade, waasde pharynx [farirjks] n. goddol (ngdl)-,
cfaacude; rewde been. hulquum (o).
persist [p0rsist] v. tiicfnaade; rewde. pheno pref. ko jalbi; kojalbata.
person [p0rs0n] n. necfcfo (o). old ~ philander [filand0] v. fijde; gerde.
nayeejo (o)\ naywucfo (o). strong heavy ~
philanthropy [f0lan0r0pi] n. gilli aduna.
gorbal (ngal). chosen ~ burnaacfo (o)\
cubaacfo (o). useless ~ bottere (nde). in ~ philately [filat0li] n. jangde tembe.
kanko hoore makko. philology [fil0l0ji] n. jangde bindi.
personable [p0rs0nab0l] adj. joocfcfo. philosopher [filos0f0] n. gando (o)-,
personal [p0rs0n0l] adj. ko faati e necfcfo. keewclo miijo.
personality [p0rs0nal0ti] n. neesu (ngu), philosophy [filos0fi] n. miijo (ngo).
nehdi (ndi). philter [filt0] n. bayre (nde).
personnel [p0rs0nel] n. liggotoobe. phlegm [flem] n. cfuurtagol (ngdl)-,
perspective [p0rspektiv] n. miijo (ngo)\ paalkisaagol (ngdl).
jiigol (ngdl). phlegmatic [flem0tik] adj. ko faati e
cfuurtagol/paalkissagol.
perspicacious [p0rsp0keys0s] adj. ceebcfo;
kaqqilcfo. phobia [phowby0] n. kulol (ngdl).
perspicacity [p0rsp0kas0ti] n. ceebgol phonate [fowneyt] v. wowlude.
hakkille; hakkilantaagal (ngal). phonation [fowneys0n] n. wowlaango
perspire [p0rspay0] v. warnude. (f^go).
persuade [p0rsweyd] v. waawnude; hebde phone [fown] n. wowlaango (ngo).
hakkille necfcfo. phoneme [fowniym] n. wowlaango (ngo)-,
pertain [p0rteyn] v. jeyeede, jeyde. helmere (nde).
pertinent [p0rtin0nt] adj. ko faati e. phonemics [fowniymiks] n. jangde
gowlaali.
perturb [p0t0rb] v. haljinde.
phonetic [fownetik] adj. ko faati e
peruse [p0ruwz] n. jangude.
gowlaali/woowlaango.
pervade [p0rveyd] v. saraade; saakaade.
phonetics [fownetiks] n. jangde gowlaali.
perverse [p0rv0rs] adj. luutndiicfo.
phonic [fonik] adj. ko faati e
perversion [p0rv0rs0n] n. luutndagol gowlaali/wowlaango.
(ngdl).
phonology [f0nowl0ji] n. jangde gowlaali.
pervert [p0rv0rt] v. luutndaade.

219
phosphorescent
phosphorescent [fasforesGnt] adj.
jalbi/jalbata.
photo [fowto] n. fooyre (nde)‘, huunde
hubboore.
photocopy [fowt0kapi] /?. natal (ngal).
photogenic [fowtajenik] adj. peewcfo e
natal.
photograph [fowtagraf] n. natal (ngal).
photographer [fowtagrafa] n. potoowo
(o).
photographic [fowtagrafik] adj. ko faati e
natal/nate.
photophobia [fowtafobya] n. kulol fooyre.
phrase [freyz] n. kongol timmungol.
phrasing [freyzig] /?. lelnugol kongol.
physic [fizik] n. lekki; safaara (o)\ cafrugol
(ugol).
physical [fizikal] adj. ko faati e
tagoodi/bandu.
physicality [fizikali] n. tagoodi (ndi).
physician [fiziysan] n. cafroowo (o).
physiology [fizyowloji] n. jangde nafoore
tercfe.
physiotherapy [fizyowGerapi] n. safaara
(o).
physique [fiziyk] tagoodi (ndi).
picaroon [pikaruwn] gujjo.
pick [pik] V. boggude; pick; sufde; teptude.
~ up small pieces of wood nukaade. ~ out
subaade. ~ millet ears robtude. ~ up
subde; hoccude; Teftude; Teftude.
picking [pikip] n. teptungo (ngo)\ cubgol
(ngdl).
picklock [piklok] n. gujjo (o).
pictorial [piktoryal] adj. ko faati e natal,
picture [pikca] n. natal (ngal)\ annama (o).
picturesque [pikcaresk] adj. ko yoocfi.
pie [pay] n. namri (ndi). as easy as ~
newiido.
piece [piys] n. heltinde (nde)\ taTitande
(nde)-, tai ande (nde).
piecemeal [piysmiyl] n. seecfa seecfa.
pierce [piyrs] v. yulde; tufde.
piety [payati] n. dewal Allah,
piffle [pifal] n. haala maayka.
pig [pig] n. mbabba tugal.
pigeon [pijan] n. foondu (ndu). little ~
purayel (ngel). male ~ uuga (o).
pigment [pigmant] n. noordi (ndi).
220
pipe
pike [payk] n. laawol (ngdl).
pilaf [pilaf] n. namri (ndi).
pile [payl] n. joowre (nde).
pile [payl] v. joowde. ~ shrubs nakkude.
~ dirty clothes habbude. ~ disorderly
noofde.
pilfer [pilfa] v. wujjude.
pilferage [pilfarij] n. nguyka (ka).
pilgrim [pilgrim] n. alhajji (o)\ kajjucfo (o)\
kajjoowo (o).
pilgrimage [pilgramij] v. hajjoyde; hajjude.
pilgrimage [pilgramij] n. hajju (o).
pill [pil] n. focfcfere (nde).
pillage [pilij] v. honde; teetde.
pillage [pilij] n. teetere (nde)\ teetgol
(ngdl).
pillar [pila] n. jaalal (ngal).
pillion [pilyan] n. jappeere (nde).
pillow [pilow] n. talla (ka)l{o)\ ngaflaari
(ndi)\ njegenaawe (o).
pilot [paylat] n. donoowo laana ndiwoowa.
pilot! [pilati] n. ngooroondi hubeere.
pilule [pilyuwl] n. focfdere (nde).
pimento [pamento] //. namako (ko).
pimple [pimpal] n. wadere (nde)', puTel;
fliTere f/7i/c);wannjalde.
pin [pin] n. pingu (o).
pin [pin] v. baasde.
pinch [pine] n. bottugol (ngdl)', I^uccere
jubbande (nde).
pinch [pine] v. I]uccude, bottude.
pinched [pinct] adj. l^uccaado; bottaado.
pinching [pincii]] n. 13uccug61 (ngdl).
pine [payn] v. yeewnude.
pinfold [pinfowld] n. gallejawdi.
pink [pir)k] v. yiwde; tufde.
pinky [pigk] adj. sibatindu (ndu).
pinnace [pinis] n. laana (ka).
pinnacle [pinakal] n. cebtam.
pinpoint [pinpoynt] v. foofaade; sifaade.
pioneer [payaniya] v. fuddude, ardaade.
piosity [payasiti] n. dewal Alla.
pious [payas] adj. juuldo; dewdo
joomiraado; dewdo Alla.
pip [pip] n. foddere (nde).
pipage [paypij] n. gaawol (ngdl).
pipe [payp] n. 1) solom (o) 2) jardugal
(ngal).
 0
piquant
piquant [piykant] adj. ko yiwata.
pique [piyk] v. toonde.
piracy [payrasi] n. nguyka (ka).
pirate [payr0t] n. gujjo (o).
pirogue [piyrowg] n. laana (ka).
pirouette [pirawet] n. jiilagol (ngol).
piscator [piskato] ti. gawoowo (o).
Pisces [paysiyz] n. licfcfi (cfi).
pismire [pismaya] fi. nuunu (tigu).
piss [pis] V. taaraade; soofde.
pistol [pistal] n. fetd (o).
pit [pit] V. asde.
pit [pit] ti. woyndu (ndu).
pitch [pitc] V. 1) werlaade 2) fel3de,
damude caali.
pitcher [pitca] n. berlotoocfo (o)\ dufoowo
(o).
piteous [piyteyas] adj. jurminiicfo.
pith [pi0] /?. mbuuwwa (o).
pitiable [pityebal] adj. jurminiicfum, ko
yurminii.
pitiless [pitales] adj. mo yurmotaako.
pity [piti] V. yurmaade. have ~ on
yurmaade.
pity [piti] n. yurmeende (nde).
pizza [pidza] ii. namri (ndi).
placable [plakabal] adj. jaafotoocfo.
placate [plakeyt] v. deeTnude.
place [pleys] v. fawde; lombude. ~ in
lookde. ~ in front of someone huufnude.
~ diacritics masde. ~ across falde. ~ under
sornude; sakkude.
place [pleys] ri. nokku (o).
placid [plasid] adj. deeTcfo; ko deeTi.
plafond [plafond] n. mbildi (ndi).
plagiarism [pleyjarizm] n. nguyka (ka).
plague [pleyg] n. bonande (nde)\ naw
(ngu).
plain [pleyn] adj. laabcfum. ~ truth goonga
laabdo.
plaint [pleynt] n. gullitaagol (ngol).
plaintiff [pleyntafj n. gullitiicfo (o).
plait [pleyt] v. moorde.
plait [pleyt] n. moorol (ngdl).
plan [plan] n. feere (nde)\ ebbere (nde).
plan [plan] v. fewjude. ~ for someone
fewjande.
221
plotter
plane [pleyn] n. laana ndiwoowa. The
plane took o^/^Ndiwowa ka diwii.
planet [planet] n. jaayre (nde).
planetary [planetari] adj. ko faati e jaayre.
planish [planis] v. meldude.
planner [plana] n. pewjoowo (o).
plant [plant] v. aawde; fel3de; nibde.
plantation [planteysan] n. ngesa (ba).
planted [plantid] adj. nibacfum; pel^acfum.
planter [planta] n. gaawoowo (o).
plaque [plak] n. nakkudi (ndi).
plaster [plasta] n. bakkere (nde).
plaster [plasta] v. basde.
plate [pleyt] n. taasa (ka); palaat (o).
platter [plata] n. lahal (ngal).
plausible [plozabal] adj. ko ina wona.
play [pley] v. fijde. ~ deaf muraade;
faacfkinaade. ~ the fiddle naande,
simbude. ~ the flute liitde.
player [pleya] n. pijoowo (o).
playwright [playrayt] n. bindoowo (o).
plea [pliy] n. naagunde (nde).
plead [pliyd] v. naagaade.
pleasant [plezant] adj. belcfo, jirwucfo.
pleasantry [plezantri] n. gaajaare (nde).
please [pliyz] v. weltinde. I am pleased Mi
weltiima; mbede weltii.
pleasure [ple3a] n. welamma (o).
pleat [pliyt] n. nongol (ngol).
pledge [plej] v. taylude.
plenary [plenari] adj. ko timmi.
plenish [plenis] v. hebbinde.
plenitude [plenatyuwd] n. keewal (ngal).
plentiness [plentines] n. nammanduru
(ndu); haaranduru (ndu).
plenty [plenti] adj. keewcfum, ko heewi.
live in ~ neemaade.
plethora [platora] n. keewal (ngal).
plethoric [pletorik] adj. keewcfum; ko
heewi.
pliable [playabal] adj. ko hofotoo.
pliant [playant] adj. jaawcfo wuuraade.
plica [plika] n. norbolol (ngol).
plight [playt] n. mbaadi (ndi).
plink [pli^k] v. sonnude.
plop [plop] V. deppaade.
plot [plot] V. fewjande.
plotter [plota] n. pewjanoowo (o).
plow
plow [plaw] V. remde.
pluck [plAk] V. borde, sufde.
plug [plAg] V. sukkude.
plumage [plAmij] n. sigeeji (di).
plume [pluwm] n. sige (o).
plump [plAmp] adj. bellincfo.
plunder [plAnda] v. honde.
plunderage [plAndareyj] n. konu (ngii)\
kongol (ngol).
plunge [plAnj] v. puntinaade.
plural [pluwral] n. keewal (figal).
plus [plAs] adv. beydaari (ndi).
plutocracy [pluwtowkrasi] //. laamu
ngalu/alcfube.
pluvial [pluwvyal] adj. ko faati e tobo.
ply [play] v. liggaade; gollaade; golloraade.
pneumonia [nyuwmownya] n. tiggere
(tide).
poach [powc] V. wujjude.
poacher [powc9] ti. gujjo (o).
pocket [poket] ti. jeyba (o)\ poos (o).
pods [podz] ti. gufi (di).
podsol [padsol] ti. leydi (ndi).
poem [pom] n. jimol (ngol).
pogrom [pogr9m] n. boomaare (tide).
poignant [poyny9nt] adj. ko faati e
sunaare.
point [poynt] v. sappinaade, joofaade,
jommude.
pointer [poynt9] ti. joofotoocfo (o).
pointy [poynti] adj. ko seebi, ceebcfum.
poison [poyz9n] ti. posone (o)\ tooke (de),
~ healer cammitoowo (o).
poisonous [poyz9n9s] adj. tookaacfo.
poke [powk] V. duntude; hubbude,
Tobbude.
poker [powk9] ti. duntoowo (o).
pole [powl] ti. coorgal (tigal). ~ star
cfaccuki (ki).
polemic [polemik] ti. luutndagol (tigdl).
poler [powl9] ti. tuggude laana.
police [p9liys] ti. poliis.
policy [pal9si] ti. yamiroore laamu.
polish [polis] V. taasnude; dirkude.
polite [polayt] adj. nehiicfo.
politeness [polaytnes] ti. nehdi moTTundi.
politic [politik] ti. deentiicfo (o).
political [palitik9l adj. ko faati e polotigi.
portrait
► politics [palitiks] ti. polotigi (o).
pollen [pol9n] ti. bumangal (tigal).
pollute [polyuwt] v. wuddinde,
wuddicfinde.
poltroon [poltruwn] ti. kulcfo reedu.
polygamous [pol9gam9s] adj. nawlircfo.
polygamy [poliyg9mi] ti. nawliigu (tigu).
polyglot [poliglot] ti. gando cfemcfe
keewcfe; kaaloowo cfemcfe keewcfe.
polysemy [polisemi] ti. maanaaji keewcfi.
pomade [pomeyd] ti. pomaate.
pond [pond] v. juknude, taylude.
pond [pond] ti. tucfande (tide)\ weendu
(tidu).
ponder [pand9] v. yisbude; miijaade.
pony [poni] ti. pucel tokosel.
pool [puwl] ti. deental (tigal)
poop [puwp] V. tampinde, lohnude.
poor [puwr] adj. miskiino; koraacfo;
paacfaacfo. ~ person dooba.
pop [pop] V. naatde; Taal3de.
popgun [popgAn] ti. fetel cukalel.
poplin [poplin] ti. bagi (o).
popple [pop9l] V. fasde (ndiyam).
popular [popyuwl9] adj. ko darji; darjucfo;
lollucfo.
popularity [pop9lar9ti] ti. daraja (o)\
lollugol (tigdl)
popularize [pop9l9rayz] v. daijinde.
populate [popyuwleyt] v. hocfde.
population [popyuwles9n] ti. yimbe nokku.
populous [popyuwl9s] adj. nokku keewcfo
yimbe.
porcupine [porkyuwpayn] ti. sangalde
(tide).
pore [powr] v. miijaade, laarde.
pork [pork] //. teew mbabba tugal.
porous [powr9s] adj. ko heewi gudde.
porridge [p0rij] n. gosi (o)
port [port] ti. teeri (o).
portable [port9b9l] adj. ko ina jogee.
portal [port9l] ti. damal (tigal).
porter [p0t9] ti. doondotoocfo.
portion [pos9n] ti. gecfal (tigal)-, taTande
(tide).
portrait [portreyt] ti. natal (tigal)-, annama
(o).
 4
position
position [p0ziys0n] n. 1) miijo (ngo) 2)
nokku (o).
positive [pQzitiv] adj. ko moTTi.
possess [pozes] v. jogaade; jeyde.
possession [pozes0n] n. halal (ngal),
jogagol (ngo/), jawdi (ndi).
possessive [pozesiv] adj. ko faati e
danal/jeyal.
possessor [pozes0] n. jeycfo (o).
possibility [pas0bil0ti] n. huunde wonoore,
feere (nde) possible [pas0b0l] adj. ko
wonata.
post [powst] V. jolnude bataake. I will keep
you posted Ma mi tintine.
post [powst] n. doygal (ngal).
postal [powst0l] adj. ko faati e poosto.
postbox [powstboks] n. wakande bataake.
posterior [postiyry0] /?. caggal (o)\ ko heedi
caggal.
posterity [post0riti] n. besngu (ngu).
posthumus [post0m0s] n. luuti (o).
postman [powstman] n. jettinoowo
batakeeji.
postpone [powstpone] v. fabbinde. Our
meeting has been postponed Deental men
fabbinaama.
postponement [powstpownm0nt] n.
pabbingol (ngdl).
postscript [powstskript] n. beydaari (ndi).
postulant [powscuwl0nt] n. cfabboowo.
postulate [powstyuwleyt] v. cfabbude.
postulator [powstyuwleyt0] n. cfabboowo
(o).
pot [pat] n. barme (o).
potable [powt0b0l] n. ndiyam laabcfam;
ndiyam njareteecfam.
potato [powteyto] n. pompiteer (o).
potent [powt0nt] adj. doolnucfo.
potentiality [powt0nsal0ti] n. mbaawka
(ka).
potful [patf0l] n. necfande (nde).
potion [pows0n] n. lekki (ki)
potter [pat0] n. maabo (o).
pottery [pot0ri] n. mahgol loocfe.
pouch [pawc] n. poos (o)\ mooftirde (nde),
danga (o)\ bata (o).
pounce [pawns] v. 1) junnitde, junnitaade 2)
nakkaade e.
223
precede
pound [pawnd] v. unde, - again untaade. ~
grain stalks sokkude. ~ grains into flower
hortinde. ~ into paste loppude.
pound [pawnd] n. liibaar (o).
pounded [pawndid] adj. unacfum.
pounder [pawnd0] n. unoowo (o).
pounding [pawndii)] n. unu (ngu). place
for ~ tugunde (nde).
pour [puwr] v. yuppude, joorde; juurde; ~
water over oneself juuraade. ~ into
boiling water laawde. ~ by drops
tobbinde. ~ out to fdl loowde.
pout [pawt] V. biinde.
poverty [pav0ti] n. baasa) (ngal), ronkere
(nde)-, noolu (ngu).
powder [pawd0] v. fullude.
powder [pawd0] n. condi (ndi). gun- condi
fetel.
powdered [pawd0d] adj. laalndacfum,
power [paw0] n. sembe (o)-, mbaawka (ka)-,
doole (de)-, baawal (ngal).
powerful [paw0f0l] adj. cembincfo;
doolnucfo.
practicable [praktik0b0l] adj.
bacfotoocfum, ko ina wacfoo.
practise [praktis] v. wacfde.
practitioner [praktiys0n0] n. gollotoocfo.
praise [preyz] v. yettude; mande. Praise the
lord Yettu Alla.
praise [preyz] n. manoore (nde).
prance [prans] v. birgude.
prang [prag] v. fiibbaade e.
prate [preyt] v. lebde.
prattle [prat0l] v. lebde.
pray [prey] v. 1) juulde, flimmude 2)
duwaade; bismaade. ~ for naagaade;
duwanaade. ~ in the name of duworaade.
~ with juulirde.
prayer [prey0] //. 1) juulde (nde)-, duwaawu
(o)-, faddungo (ngo) 2) juuloowo (o). ~
beads kurus (o). two o'clock ~ sallifanaa.
sunset ~ flituro (o).
pre [pri] pre. hadee; ko adii.
preach [priyc] v. waajaade
preacher [priyc0] //. baajotoocfo (o).
preamble [priy0mb0l] n. flicfcforde (nde).
precarious [priykeyry0s] adj. ko siiraani.
precaution [priykos0n] n. deentagol (ngdl).
precede [prisiyd] v. adaade, aditaade,
ardaade.
precedence prison

precedence [pres9d9ns] n. gardagol (ngd^. present [prez9nt] n. dokkal (ngal). make a

precedent [pres9d9nt] adj. ko benni; ko ~ rokkude; yecfde.
adii. present [prez9nt] adj. goodcfo; tawaacfo;
preceptor [presept9] n. janginoowo (o). tawtoraacfo. be ~ taweede, tawtoreede.
precinct [priysint] n. keerol (ngol). present [prez9nt] v. hollude.
precious [pres9s] adj. ko heewi nafoore. present-day [prez9ntdey] adj. aduna jooni
precipitate [pres9piteyt] v. yaawnude. o.
precise [pr9sayz] adj. ko foti. preserve [priz9p/] v. mooftude; hisnude.
precision [pr9siy39n] ti. huunde fotnde. preside [pr9zayd] v. ardaade.
preclude [prekluwd] v. hacfde; yaltinde. president [prezid9nt] n. gardiicfo (o).
predecessor [prides9so] n. gadiido (o). press [pres] v. noTTude.
predicate [pred9k9t] v. wiide; teeT3tinde. presser [pres9] n. noTToowo (o).
predict [predikt] v. tiimde; gisde; tombaade, pressing [presig] adj. ko henoraa.
tijjaade. pressure [pres9] n. noTTere (nde).
prediction [prediks9n] n. tiimgal (ngal)-, prest [prest] adj. kebiicfo, parcfo.
tiimgol (ngdl). prestige [prestiyj] n. lollugol (ngdl).
predominate [priyd9minet] v. burde prestigious [prestiyj9s] adj. lollucfo;
sembinde; foolde; burde. daijucfo, ko lolli.
preexist [priyegzist] v. adaade woodde. presume [pr9zyuwm] v. miijaade, sikkude.
preface [prefis] ti. fliddorde (nde). presumption [prezAmps9n] n. sikke (o).
prefer [prif9] v. burande; burnude; labaade. pretend [pritend] v. wonkinaade. ~ to be
preference [prefr9ns] n. bural (ngal). dead maaykinaade.
pregnancy [pregn9nsi] n. reedu (ndu)\ pretty [priti] adj. joocfcfo; joocfcfum;
tumbere (nde). first ~ dikkuru (ndu). I3arcfucfo.
pregnant [pregn9nt] adj. reedu. be ~ prevail [priveyl] v. hawde; foolde.
outside marriage reedde. be ~ halde, prevalent [prevl9nt] adj. ko saaktii.
tumbude; wuufde; dunde. prevent [priyvent] v. ambude; surde;
prejudice [prej9d9s] n. miijo (ngo). falaade; hacfde preventer [priyvent9] n.
prejudicial [prej9diys9l] adj. ko bonnata. kacfoowo (o)\ palotoocfo (o).
preliminary [prel9min9ri] adj. ko adii. previous [priyvy9s] adj. bennucfo, ko adii.
prelude [preluwd] n. fucfcfoode. price [prays] n. coggu (ngu)
premature [premacuwr] adj. ko timmaani. pricer [prays9] n. piyoowo coggu.
premier [primir] adj. gardiicfo. prick [prik] v. yiwde. ~ up the ears
premises [premisiz] n. nokku (o)\ hocforde darnude noppi.
(nde). pride [prayd] n. faaro (ngo)\ fayfayru (ndu).
preoccupied [priyok9payd] adj. coklucfo. take ~ in faarnoraade.
preparation [prep9reys9n] n. peewnugol primacy [praym9si] n. gardagol (ngdl).
(ngdl)\ peewnitaagol (ngdl). primary [praym9ri] adj. burcfo fof
prepare [priper] v. feewnude. prime [praym] adj. gardiicfo.
prepared [pripeyd] adj. peewnitiicfo. primitive [prim9tiv] adj. ko adii.
preponderant [priypand9r9nt] adj. ko buri primordial [priymoj9l] adj. gadiicfo; ko
semmbinde. adii.
prerogative [prirog9tiv] n. hakke (o), prince [prins] n. bicfcfo laamcfo gorko.
durwaa (o). princess [prinses] n. bicfcfo laamcfo debbo.
presage [pr9za3] n. maale. principal [prins9p9l] n. gardiicfo (o).
prescind [presind] n. seerndude. prior [pray9] adj. ko adii.
prescription [preskrips9n] n. ordinaas (o). prison [priz9n] n. kaso (o). break out of ~
boccitaade kaso.

224
prisoner
prisoner [prizna] n. cokaacfo (o).
private [prayvit] adj. keertacfum; jananum. heewi.
prize [prayz] n. njeenaari (ndi).
pro [prow] n. gonancfo. ~s and cons
wonanbe e luutndiibe.
probable [prowb0b0l] adj. ko ina wona.
probe [prowb] v. wittude; loskude.
probity [probiti] n. nuuncfal (rigal).
problem [probl0m] n. saqqa (o)-, haaju (oj.
procedure [pr0siyj0] n. feere (nde).
proceed [prowsiyd] v. yahde; yahrude
yeeso.
process [proses] v. feewnude; waylude.
procession [proses0n] n. deggondiral
(ngal).
proclaim [prokleym] v. wiyde; yaajnude.
procrastinate [prokrast0neyt] v. fabbinde;
sabbitaade.
procrastination n. pabbingol Oigol),
cabbitaagol (ngol)-, leeltingol (ngdl).
procreate [prokryeyt] v. jibinde.
proctor [prokt0] n. deenoowo (o).
procurable [prokyuwr0b0l] adj. ko
hebotoo, kebotoocfum.
procure [prokyuwr] v. hebde.
prod [prod] v. Tobbude.
prodigious [prodiyj0s] adj. mawnde.
produce [prowjuws] v. conaandi (ndi).
productive [prowdAktiv] adj. ko jibinta.
profane [profeyn] adj. keeforicTcfo.
profanity [profan0ti] n. keeferaagal (ngal)\
haala mbonka.
profess [profes] v. jeertinde.
profession [profes0n] n. gollal (ngal),
ligeey (o).
professor [profes0] n. janginoowo (o).
proficiency [prowfiys0nsi] n. baawal
(ngal)-, mbaawka (ka).
proficient [prowfiys0nt] adj. gando,
keewcfo neenal.
profile [prowfayl] n. bal313e (o).
profit [prowfit] n. burtaari (ndi) ; nganaari
(ndi). He made a profit o danii nganaari.
profitable [prowfit0b0l] adj. ko wacfi
nganaari.
profound [profawnd] adj. ko luggicfi;
luggicfcfum.
profundity [profAnditi] n. luggeendi (ndi).
prophesy
profuse [profyuwz] adj. keewcfum; ko
profusion [profyuwz0n] n. keewal (ngal)-,
cfuucfal (ngal).
progenitor [prowj0nit0] n. gardiicfo (o)-,
pucfcfucfo lefiol.
progeny [proj0ni] n. besngu (ngn).
program [program] n. porogaraam (o).
progress [progres] n. bamtaare (nde)-,
jahrugol yeeso.
progress [progres] n. yahrude yeeso;
bamtaade.
progressive [progresiv] adj. ko faati e ko
fayi yeeso.
prohibit [prohibit] v. hacfde.
project [projekt] v. werlaade, cfaminaade.
projectile [projektayl] n. huunde werlaande;
huunde fettaande.
proletariat [proleterya] n. liggotoobe.
proliferate [prolif0reyt] v. Taajnude.
prolific [prolifik] adj. ko jibinta.
prolong [proloq] v. juutnude; fabbinde.
promenade [prom0nad] v. yahnaade.
prominence [prom0n0ns] n. bamtagol
(ngdl)-, mawnugol (ngdl).
promiscuous [prosmikyuw0s] n. pijoowo.
promise [promis] v. ahdande, aadde,
promise [promis] n. ahdi (o). break a ~
firtude ahdi.
promote [promowt] v. Tellitde.
promoter [promowt0] n. Telitoowo (o).
promotion [promows0n] n. Tellitgol.
prompt [prompt] adj. jaawcfo.
promulgate [prowmulgeyt] v. andinde.
pronounce [pronawns] v. wowlude.
pronunciation [pronAnseys0n] n.
wowlaango (ngo).
prop [prop] V. Taande.
prop [prop] n. jaalal (ngal).
propaganda [prop0g0nda] n. parbagaan
(o).
propagate [prop0geyt] v. yaajnude.
propel [propel] v. yahrinde yeeso.
propeller [propel0] n. ko nawrata yeeso.
proper [prop0l adj. ko feewi; ko laabi;
peewcfum, laaDCfum.
property [prop0ti] n. halal (ngal).
prophecy [profesi] //. jeertingol (ngdl).
prophesy [prof0say] v. jeertinde.
225
prophet
prophet [prowfGt] /?. annabi (o)\ nulaacfcr,
nelaacfo, annabiijo (o).
prophylactic [prowfalaktik] adj. ko hacfata
naw.
propine [prapiyn] v. rokkude.
propitiate [prop9seyt] v. deeTnude,
welditinde.
proposal [propowzal] n. miijo (ngo).
propose [propowz] v. hollude miijo.
proprietor [proprayta] n. jom (o)\ jeycfo
(o).
prorate [proreyt] v’. feccude.
proscribe [proskrayb] v. hacfde.
prosecute [prosekyuwt] v. wullitaade,
woytaade.
proselyte [prozelayt] n. necfcfo baylucfo
miijo/diine mum.
prospect [prospekt] v. yiilaade.
prosper [prospa] v. Tellitaade.
prosperity [prospariti] /?. Tellitaare (nde).
prosperous [prosparas] adj. Tellitiicfo.
prostitute [prostacuwt] v. garbaade.
prostitute [prostacuwt] n. garbotoocfo (o)\
garba (o).
prostrate [prostreyt] v. turaade; juulde.
protect [protekt] v. reende, suurde; moolde,
sitde; sitde; mooftude. ~ one another
suurondirde. ~ with a prayer faddinde.
protected [protektid] adj. deenaacfo,
cuuraacfo; moolaacfo.
protection [proteksan] n. suuraare (nde).
person seeking ~ moolotoocfo person
who sought ~ mooliicfo give due ~ to
teddinde kocfo.
protective [protektiv] adj. ko suurata; ko
mooftata.
protector [protekta] //. deenoowo (o).
protest [protest] v. salaade.
prototype [protatip] n. yeru (ngu).
protract [protrakt] v. juutnude.
protrude [protruwd] v. fulnitde gite.
protuberance [prowcuwbarans]
Tuulnugol (ngol).
protuberant [prowcuwbarant] adj. ko
Tuulni.
proud [prawd] adj. beltiicfo; tiicfaacfo,
paarniiao.
prove [pruwv] v. teefltinde; goongcfinde,
fennude.
pugilism
provenance [provanans] n. iwdi (ndi) ; lasli
(o).
proverb [provarb] n. tindol (ngol).
provide [provayd] v. rokkude, wacfande.
provident [providant] adj. deentiicfo,
paggiicfo.
province [provins] v. diiwaan (o). He
comes front that province O jeyaa ko oon
diiwaan.
provisional [proviy3anal] adj. ko
duumaaki.
provoke [provowk] v. toonde. ~
deliberately reppude
prowess [prowas] n. jaambaraagal (ngal)\
cuusal (ngal).
proximate [proksamet] adj. badtiicfo, ko
badtii; ko badii; takko.
proximity [proksimiti] n. badagol (ngol).
prude [pruwd] adj. jamyamo; jankiniicfo.
prudence [pruwdans] n. deentagol (ngol).
prudent [pruwdant] adj. deentiicfo.
prudish [pruwdis] adj. ko faati e
j ankiniicfo/yankinaare.
pry [pray] v. yuurnaade; loskude.
psalm [sOm] n. jimol (ngol).
psellism [selizm] n. mehgol (ngol).
psychiatrist [saykaytrist] n. cafroowo
kaacfi.
psychiatry [saykaytri] n. jangde e safaara
kaacfi.
psychology [saykowlaji] n. jangde hakkille.
psychopath [saykowpaG] n. kaangaacfo
(o).
psychopathy [saykowpaGi] n. kaacfi (di).
puberty [pyuwbarti] n. kellifuya (o).
pubes [pyuwbz] n. faasko (ko).
pubic [pyuwbik] adj. ko faati e leebi faasko
(ngo)d.
public [pAblik] adj. ko faati e yimbe/laamu.
publicity [pAblasiti] n. jaaynde (nde).
publicize [pAblasayz] v. jaaynude, andinde.
n. publish [pAblis] v. lollinde; saaktude.
pucker [pAka] n. norbolol (ngol).
puddle [pAdal] V. irnitde.
puerile [pyuwral] adj. ko faati e cukaagu.
puff [pAf] V. wuttude.
puffer [pAfa] n. guttoowo (o).
pugilism [pyuwjalizm] n. gobbondiral
(ngal), fijirde gobbe.
226
puke
puke [pyuwk] v. tuutde; ruttude.
pule [pyuwl] V. Tusde.
pull [pul] V. foocfde, aggitde. ~ weeds out
cfooftaade. ~ on ends foocfondirde. ~ off
boorde. ~ out cfoofde. ~ up feathers
pullover [pulowv0] n. piliweer (o).
pulmonary [pAlmon0ri] n. ko faati e jofe.
pulpit [pAlpit] n. jeertingol (ngol).
pulsate [pAlseyt] v. diwde (bemde).
pulse [pAls] V. diwde.
pulverize [pAlv0rayz] v. mofmude; ruggude,
fuufde.
pumpkin [pAmpkin] n. wuudum (ndu).
pump [pAmp] V. pompe (de)
pun [pAn] V. fiide; tappude.
punch [pAnc] v. gobbude, fiyde womre.
punctual [pA5kcw0l] adj. timmucfo; garcfo
e waktu; deencfo waktu.
punctuate [pAgkcweyt] v. tobbude.
puncture [pAgkc0] v. fiisde.
punish [pAnis] v. wacfde/fawde kuugal.
punishment [pAnism0nt] n. kuugal (ngal).
punitive [pyuwn0tiv] adj. ko faati e kuugal. wacfdude. ~ down diinde. ~ with munde. ~
punter [pAnt0] n. pettoowo (o).
pup [pAp] n. boosaaru (ndu).
pupil [pyuwp0l] n. almuudo (o)\ fosin (o).
puppy [pApi] n. boosaaru (ndu).
purchase [p0rcis] v. soodde.
purchaser [p0rc0s0] n. coodoowo (o).
pure [pyuwr] adj. laabcfum; ko laabi.
purge [p0ij] V. labbinde.
purge [p0ij] n. nandal (ngal)
227
python
purification [pyuwr0fikeys0n] n. laabal
purify [pyuwr0fay] v. labbinde.
purity [pyuwr0ti] n. laabal (ngal).
purl [p0rl] v. nuumbaade.
purpose [p0rp0z] n. muuyaa (o). on ~ e
belaacfe, e teyaacfe.
purr [p0r] n. I]eewde.
purse [p0rs] n. kalbe debbo.
pursue [p0rsyuw] v. rewde; tefde.
pursuivant [p0rswiyv0nt] n. dewcfo (o)\
dewoowo e.
pus [pAs] n. mbordi (ndi).
push [pus] V. dunde v. yerTude. ~ out
yaltinde. ~ in naatnude.
push [pus] n. dunannde (nde).
pusher [pus0] n. dunoowo (o).
puss [pAs] n. ullundu (ndu).
put [put] V. fawde. ~ together fedde. ~
aside faltaade. ~ out nifde. ~ forth
wiltude. ~ perfume or incense urde. ~
upside down junnitde. ~ on below
sakkude. aside resde. ~ on airs
mawnikinaade. ~ inside lombude. ~ with
someone in a dilemma aannude.
putrefy [pyuwtr0fay] v. nolnude; nolde.
puzzle [pAz0l] n. ciftol (ngdl)\ haawniinde
(nde).
puzzled [pAz0ld] adj. kaawaacfo; jaakcfo.
puzzling [pAzlig] adj. kaavvnicfum;.
python [pay00n] n. sohre (nde).
Qadiriya Quran

'Q

Qadiriya [kadiriyya] /?. laawol Qaadiriyya. querulous [kwer9l9s] adj. keewcfo

quadregenarian n. jom duubi capancfe nay. gullitaali.
quadrilingual [kwadraliggwal] adj. ko query [kwiyri] n. lamndal (ngal).
faati e cfemcfe nay. query [kwiyri] v. lamndaade.
quadrisect [kwadr0sekt] v. feccude pecce quest [kwest] n. njiilaw (o).
nay. question [kwasc9n] n. lamdal (ngal). ask a
quadruped [kwadruwpet] n. muumantel ~ lamndaade.
jahrowel koycfe nay. question [kwasc9n] v. lamndaade;
quadruple [kwadrupal] v. fiyde laabi nay. naamndaade.
quaff [kwaf] v. yarde. queue [kyuw] v. reggondirde.
quail [kweyl] v. jebbilaade. quick [kwik] adj. jaawcfo; jaawcfum. be ~
yaawnaade.
quake [kweyk] v. yerbude; sinnude; dillude.
quicken [kwik9n] v. yaawnude.
qualification [kwal9fikeys9n] ri. sifaa (o),
gandal (ngal). quickly [kwikli] adv. ko yaawi; jaawcfum;
qualifier [kwal9fay9] //. cifotoocfo (o). ko yaawi.
qualify [kwal9fay] v. sifaade. quiescence [kwiys9ns] n. deeXre (nde).
quality [kwal9ti] n. moTYere (nde). quiescent [kwiys9nt] adj. deeTcfo.
qualm [kwam] /?. nimsa (o), bemde yiinde.quiet [kwayt] adj. deeTcfo. He is a quiet
quandary [kwandri] n. jaakre (nde). person O heewaani haala..
quantity [kwant9ti] n. potal (ngal). quietude [kyetuwd] n. deeTre (nde).
quarrelsome [kwar9lsAm] adj. kabeteecfo. quill [kwil] v. sige.
quinquagenarian n. jom duubi capancfe
quarrel [kwar9l] n. hare (nde). ~ with
wacfdude. joy-
quarreller [kwar9l9] n. kabeteecfo (o). quinsy [kwinsi] n. sefo (ngo).
quarter [kot9] n. nayabal (ngal)\ leegal quintal [kwint9l] n. teemedere cilo.
(ngal). from all ~~s bangeeji kala. quintet [kwint9t] n. deental ngal joy.
quarterly [kot9li] adj. lebbi nay kala. quintuple [kwintyuwp9l] v. fiide laabi joy.
quartet [kwart9t] n. deental nayo. quit [kwit] v. cfaccude; accude.
quash [kwas] v. monnude, quite [kwayt] ad\>. ko timmi, fof.
quasi [kwayzay] adj. annama; ko wayi no. quits [kwits] adj. fotbe.
quay [key] n. teeri. quiver [kwiv9] v. sinnude.
quean [kwiyn] garbotoocfo (o). quorum [kowrAm] n. deental jongal.
queasy [kwiyzi] adj. ko timnata bernde. quota [kowt9] n. gecfal (ngal).
queen [kwiyn] n. laamcfo debbo. quotation [kowteys9n] n. lubal (ngal).
queer [kwiyr] adj. ko hoolnaaki, ko quote [kowt] v. lubaade.
luutndii. quotidian [kowtiyj9n] adj. hande kala;
quench [kwenc] v. cfomcfitde nalawma kala.
Quran [kuran] n. Quraana (o).

228
 #

Rabat
rat

R
Rabat [rabat] n. laamorde Mamk. rainout [reynawt] n. huunde nde tobo
rabbit [rabit] ti. wojere (nde). little ~ bojel haaytini.
(ngel). big ~ bojal (tigal). rainy [reyni] adj. ko tobata. ~ season
rabble [rabal] n. deental yimbe. ndungu (ngu).
rabid [rabid] adj. cayaacfo. raise [reyz] v. suutde. ~ a person’s clothes
rabies [rabiz] ti. sayo (ngo). norde. ~ one's clothes up noraade. ~ one's
head turtaade.
race [reys] n. dogdu (ndt4)\ dandu (tidu)\
lenol (ngdl). raised [reyzd] adj. cuutacfum; ko suutaa. ~
platform danki (ki).
race [reys] v. dogde.
rake [reyk] n. rato (ngo)
racer [reysa] n. dognoowo (o)\ dogoowo
(o). rally [rali] n. deental (ngal).
racial [reysol] adj. ko faati e lenol, rally [rali] v. reentude.
lenamlnaagu (ngu). ram [ram] n. njawdi (ndi).
racing [reysig] n. dogdu (ndu). ~ Ramadan [ram0dan] n. lewru koorka;
instrument dognirgal (ngal). koorka.
racism [reysizm] /?. lenamlenaagu (ngu). ramble [ramb0l] v. yahnaade.
rack [rak] v. firtude; bonnude. rambler [rambl0] n. jahnotoocfo (o).
racket [raket] ti. gulaali (cfi). ramification [ram0fikeys0n] n. caltugol
radiant [reydy0nt] adj. ko jalbi. (ngdl)', ]\bmg6\ (ngdl).
radiate [radyeyt] v. jalbude. ramify [ram0fay] v. saltude; rebde.
ramp [ramp] n. ^abbirde (nde), celol (ngdl).
radical [radikal] adj. ko faati e iwdi.
radio [radyow] n. {fr.} rajo (ngo). rampaging [r0mpeyjir)] n. nangere (nde).
radius [rady9s] n. Tiyal jungo. rampant [remp0nt] adj. nangucfo.
radix [reydiks] n. cfacfol (ngdl). rancid [ransid] adj. ko aamti; ko luubi; ko
ufi.
raffle [raf0l] n. lotori (o).
rancorous [rank0r0s] adj. joganiicfo.
rafter [raft0] n. salndu mbildi; jaalal (ngal).
randy [randi] adj. neetaro.
rag [rag] n. limsere (nde)\ tekkere (nde).
ranger [reynj0] n. deenoowo (o).
little ~ limcel (ngel). piece of ~ limsere
(nde). rankle [rar)k0l] v. haabnude; seknude.
rage [reyj] n. nangere (nde). ransack [ransak] v. honde, wujjude.
ragged [raged] adj. ko wonti limce/limsere. ransom [ransAm] n. coocftaari (jidi).
ragout [ragu] n. soos (o)\ suppu (o). rant [rant] v. haalde.
raid [reyd] v. yande, honde. rap [rap] v. fiide.
raillery [ral0ri] n. gaajaare (nde). rape [reyp] v. wujjude; waawnude.
railroad [reylrowd] n. laawol laana rapid [rapid] adj. jaawcfo; ko yaawi.
njoorndi. rapidity [rap0diti] n. yaawre (nde).
railway [relwey] n. laawol laana njoorndi. rapprochement [raprosm0nt] n.
raiment [reym0nt] n. comcol (ngdl)', comci battondiral (ngal).
(cfi). rare [reyr] adj. cacfcfum, cacftucfum; ko
rain [reyn] n. tobo (ngo). light ~ fajjo sacfti.
(ngo). ~ outside rainy season bowte (cfe). rarefy [rarefay] v. sacftinde.
rain [reyn] v. tobde. ~ heavily nappude. rarity [rar0ti] n. sacfre (nde).
rainbow [reynbaw] n. timtimol (ngdl). rascal [rask0l] n. kalabante (o).
raindrop [reyndrop] n. waadere (nde). rash [ras] n. amumal (ngal).
rainfall [reynfol] n. tobo (ngo). rasp [rasp] v. heefde.
rat [rat] n. doomburu (ndu). big ~ kana (o).

229
rate reconciliation

rate [reyt] n. coggu (ngu). at any ~ k6 reave [riyv] v. teetde.

waawi wonde kal.
rathole [rathowl] n. ngaska doomburu.
ratification [rat0fikeys0n] //. ciifgol (ngol). rebel [riybel] v. murtude
ratify [rat0fay] v. siifde.
ration [reys0n] n. nguura fka).
rattle [rat0l] v. dillinde; sonnude.
ravage [ravij] v. bonnude.
rave [reyv] v. ruuytude.
ravel [rav0l] v. jiktude.
ravine [raviyn] //. naddere (nde)', naddal rebutter [riybAt0] n. calotoocfo.
(ngalX gargulal (ngal).
raw [row] adj. kecco; ko heccicfi.
rax [raks] v. fortaade.
ray [rey] n. sereendu (ndu).
rayon [reyon] n. gaarowol (ngol).
raze [reyz] v. momtude; ittude; helde, recapture [riykapc0] v. hebtude.
yandinde.
razor [reyz0] n. laborke (ki)\ layset (o).
razzia [razya] n. nguyka (ka).
re [ri]prep, ko faati e...
re [ri] pref. cfimmitde; wacftude
reach [riyc] v. hebde; tolnaade. ~ with the
arm ballaade. ~ the same height or recess [riyses] v. yahrude caggal; duttagol
location tolnaade..
reachable [riyc0b0l] adj. ko hebotoo.
reactivate [riyakt0veyt] v. wuurtinde.
read [riyd] v. jangude.
readable [riyd0b0l] adj. ko jangotoo.
reader [riyd0] n. jangoowo (o).
reading [riydii]] n. jangde (nde).
ready [redi] adj. parcfo; kebiicfo. ~ oneself reckless
hebaade. ~ ready oneself for prayer wondaaka.
heblaade.
real [riyl] adj. ko woodi; goodcfum.
realia [riylya] n. huundeeji.
reality [riyal0ti] n. huunde woodnde.
realize [riylayz] v. faamde; anndude.
ream [riym] v. yaajnude.
reanimate [riyan0meyt] n. wuurtinde.
reap [riyp] v. sonde,
reaper [riyp0] n. conoowo (o).
rear [riyr] v. nehde.
rear [riyr] n. caggal (ngal).
reason [riyz0n] n. sabaabu (o).
reason [riyz0n] v. miijaade.
reasonable [riyzn0b0l] adj. ko aamnii; ko reconciliation n. maslahaa (o).
wonata.
rebate [riybeyt] n. ustugol (ngol).
rebate [riybeyt] v. ustde.
rebellion [riybely0n] n. murtugol (ngol).
rebellious [riybely0s] adj. murtucfo.
rebuild [riybild] v. mahtaade.
rebuke [riybyuwk] v. felde.
rebut [riybAt] v. salaade.
rebuttal [riybAt0l] n. salaare (nde).
recalcitrant [riyk0lsitr0nt] adj. caliicfo.
recalcitrate [riyk0ls0tret] v. salaade.
recall [riykol] v. siftorde; nodditde.
recall [riykol] n. ciftorgol (ngol).
recant [riykont] v. wultaade.
recede [riysiyd] v. ruttaade.
receive [risiyv] v. hebde.
receiver [risiyvo] n. keboowo (o).
recent [riys0nt] adj. ko booyaani.
receptacle [riyseptokol] n. nokku (o).
(ngol).
recess [riyses] n. guurti (di).
recipient [res0py0nt] n. kebcfo.
recision [resiyz0n] n. kaaytugol (ngol).
recitation [r0siyteys0n] n. kunagol (ngol).
recite [riysayt] v. hunaade.
reck [rek] v. woTeede; wondeede.
[rekles] adj. mo woTaaka;
reckon [rek0n] v. limde, miijaade.
recline [riyklayn] v. tellinde; lescfinde.
recognition [rik0gniys0n] n. kebtingol
(ngol).
recognize [riykognayz] v. annditde;
hebtinde.
recollect [riykolekt] v. siftorde.
recommence [riykomens] v. fucfcfitaade.
recommend [riykomend] n. wagginde;
wasiyaade.
recommendation n. wasiya (o).
recompense [riykompens] v. yeende.
reconcile [riykonsayl] v. maslude.
reconciler [riyk0nsayl0] n. masloowo (o).

230
 4
reconsider
reconsider [riyk0nsid0] v. miijtaade.
reconstruct [riyk:0nstrAkt] v. feewnitde.
record [rikod] v. windude, jaggude.
recorder [rikod0] n. bindoowo (o).
recount [rikawnt] v, limtaade.
recounting [rikawntig] n. limtagol (ngol).
recover [rikov0] v. cfiftude; sellude; yiitude.
recovery [rikovri] n. cfiftere (nde)‘, cfiftugol
(ngol).
recreant [rikrey0nt] n. kulcfo reedu.
recrudescence [r0cruwd0s0ns] ti. bamtagol
(ng6l)\ bamtugol (ngol).
recruit [rikruwt] n. bindaacfo (o)\ Yettaacfo
rci;.
recruit [rikruwt] v. windude; yettude.
recta [rekta] n. baawooji (cfi).
rectifiable [rekt0fay0b0l] adj. ko
feewnittoo.
rectify [rekt0fay] v. feewnitde.
rectitude [rekticuwd] n. peewal (ngal).
rectum [rekt0m] fi. baawo (ngo).
recuperate [rekyuwp0reyt] v. hebtude.
recusant [rekyuwz0nt] adj. caliicfo.
recuse [rekyuwz] v. salaade.
red [red] adj. bocfeejo; bocfejum. very ~
coy. ~ pepper namako (ko); kaani (o).
ants goolooli (di). be ~ wojjude. ~ ant
mettellu (nga); goololol (ngol).
redact [ridakt] v. winditaade; wiindude.
redden [red0n] v. wojjinde.
rede [riyd] v. waajaade.
redeem [ridiym] v. soodde; wostaade,
soodtude. ~ oneself soodtaade.
redemption [ridemps0n] n. coocftagol
(ngol).
redness [rednes] n. bocfewol (ngol);
mbocfeeri (ndi)
redo [riydu] v. wacftude, cfimmitinde. ~ a
fence of shrubs fiakkitaade.
redoubtable [riydawt0b0l] adj. ko hulbinii;
kulbiniicfum.
redress [riydres] v. wuurtude.
reduce [ridyuws] v. ustude; dajde. ~ to
silence deTYinde.
reduced [ridyuwsd] adj. gusticfum;
gustacfum; gaayicfum. be ~ aayaade.
reducer [ridyuws0] n. gustoowo (o).
reduction [ridAks0n] n. aayaare (nde);
aayandere (nde); ustaare (nde).
231
regret
redundancy [r0d0nd0nsi] n. deftagol
(ngol).
reed [riyd] n. celal (ngal) celi (di). woven ~
mbiru (ngu), sekko (ngo).
reeducate [riyed0keyt] v. eeltude.
reek [riyk] n. luubeeki (ki); cuurki.
referee [ref0ri] n. naawoowo (o).
reference [refr0ns] n. ruttorde (nde).
refine [riyfayn] v. moYYinde.
reflect [riflekt] v. miijaade.
reflection [rifleks0n] n. miijo (ngo).
reflective [riyflektiv] adj. ko faati e miijo;
miijotoocfo.
reform [riyform] v. feewnitde.
reformer [riyform0] n. peewnitoowo (o).
refrain [riyffeyn] v. wocfaade.
refrigerate [refr0j0reyt] v. buubnude.
refrigerator [refr0j0reyt0] n. filsideer (o).
refuge [refyuwj] n. moolagol (ngol). take ~
moolaade; suucfaade.
refugee [refyuwji] n. mooliicfo (o).
refund [riyfAnd] v. mttude.
refusal [r0fyuwz0l] n. salaare (nde). ~ to
give food dawre (nde).
refuse [r0fyuwz] v. salaade. pretend to ~
saltintinaade. ~ food geddude. ~ food to
someone cfawde.
refutation [r0fyuwteys0n] n. salaare (nde).
refute [r0fyuwt] v. salaade; filtinde.
regain [riygeyn] v. hebtude.
regard [rigad] v. Yeewde. in ~ to ko faati
e.
regarding [rigadig] prep, ko faati e.
regenerate [riyj0nreyt] v. wuurtinde.
regent [rej0nt] n. lomto (o).
regicide [r0j0sayd] n. warngo laamcfo.
regime [r0jiym] n. laamu (ngu).
region [riyj0n] n. diiwaan (o); nokku (o).
regional [riyj0n0l] adj. ko faati e
nokku/diiwaan.
register [rejist0] v. windude; windaade,
windeede.
regnant [regn0nt] n. laamiicfo (o).
regress [riygres] v. tellaade; ruttaade.
regression [riygres0n] n. duttagol (ngol),
jahrugol caggal.
regret [riygret] n. nimsa (o).
regret [riygret] v. nimsude.
regular
regular [regila] adj. ko haani.
rehearse [rihars] v. reftaade.
rehoe [riyhow] v. remtaade.
reign [reyn] n. laamu (ngu).
reimburse [riyimbars] v. ruttude; yobtude.
reinforce [riyinfos] v. tiicftinde; teel]tinde.
reinforcement [riyinfosmant] n. tiicftingol
(ngdl).
reiterate [riytret] v. reftaade e ko haalnoo,
wacftude.
reject [rijekt] v. gukkude; ruttude, filtinde.
rejoice [riyjoys] v. weltaade.
rejoicing [riyjoysig] n. weltaare (nde).
relapse [riylaps] v. yantude, ruttaade. have
a ~ yantude.
relate [riyleyt] v. jal3taade related
[riyleytad] adj. ko jiidi; jiidube; jiiducfi. be
~ jiidude. be ~ in an in-law relationship
esondirde.
relation [riyleysan] n. jiidigal (ngal).
relationship [riyleysansip] n. bandiraagal
(ngal).
relative [ralativ] n. bandiraacfo (o)\ horeeru
(ndu).
relator [riyleyta] n. jal3totoocfo (o).
relax [riylaks] v. weytaade.
relay [riylaks] v. jal]taade; habrude.
release [riliys] v. cfaccitde. ~ from pressure
noTTitde.
relegate [relageyt] v. tellinde; lescfinde.
relevance [ralavans] n. qiimaa (o).
reliable [riylayabal] adj. koolaacfo.
reliance [riylayans] //. hoolaare (nde).
relieve [riyliyv'] v. soklitde; fooftinde.
religion [raliyjan] n. diine (o).
religious [raliyjas] adj. ko faati e diine. ~
holiday juulde taaske, juulde koorka. ~
teacher ceemo (o).
relinquish [relinkwis] v. cfaccude; yaafaade.
relucent [r9luws0nt] adj. ko jalbi;
jalbudum.
rely [rilay] v. hoolaade; fawaade.
remain [rimeyn] v. heddaade ~ long
duumde. ~ in a place loppaade. ~ in a
foreign country luuttude. ~ for a long
time booytude. It remains to he seen Maa
laab.
remainder [rimeyndo] n. kedde (cfe)\ ko
heddii.
repartition
^ remains [rimeynz] n. kedde (cfe).
remake [riymeyk] v. wacftude.
remark [riymak] v. wiide, teskaade.
remedy [remadi] n. safaara (o).
remember [riymemba] v. siftorde,
teskaade.
remembrance [rimembrans] n. teskuya (o).
remind [riymaynd] v. siftinde; saggitde.
reminisce [riyminis] v. siftorde.
remit [rimit] v. yobde; neldude njobdi.
remnant [remnant] n. kedde (cfe).
remorse [riymos] n. nimsa (o).
remorseful [riymosfal] adj. nimsucfo.
remorseless [riymosles] adj. mo alaa nimsa.
remote [riymowt] adj. ko wocfcfi.
removal [riymoval] n. ittugol (ngdl). ~ of
hem hombitande (nde)\ kombitgol (ngdl).
~ of one's clothing boortagol (ngdl).
remove [riymuwv] v. ittude. ~ a pot from
the stove raattaade. ~ and set aside
hentude. ~ hair huusde. ~ Jish scales
baccude; warsude. ~ someone's clothing
boortude. ~ a person's sarong tartude. ~
sewing teppitde. ~ grains from stalks
duttude; lappude. ~ something that was
glued bakkitde, cfakkitde. ~ a chief
fiiltude. ~ lice tennude. - from a leaning
position baartude. ~ grains from ears
hobaade. ~ poison sammitde. ~ from a
hole aaftaade. ~ couscous from a
steaming utensil nokitaade. ~ what was
spread out to dry liirtude. ~ grains
hihaade.
removed [riymuwvd] adj. gittacfum; ko
ittaa.
remunerate [ramyuwnareyt] v. yobde.
remuneration [ramyuwnareysan] n. njobdi
(ndi).
rename [riyneym] v. innitde.
rend [rend] v. feecde; seekde, taTde.
renew [rinyuw] v. hescfitinde
renounce [rinawns] v^. jebbilaade, cfaccude.
renovate [riynowveyt] v. feewnitde;
hescfitinde.
renown [rinawn] adj. gandaacfo.
rent [rent] n. luwaas (o).
repair [riper] v. feewnitde, wuggude.
reparation [repareysan] n. njobdi (ndi).
repartition [repartiysan] n. peccugol
(ngdl).
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repatriate
repatriate [riypatreyt] v. nawtude to
jeyanoo; artirde
repeal [riypiyl] v. hebtude.
repeat [ripiyt] v. 1) reftaade 2) cfimmitde.
~ loudly after a speaker nantinde.
repel [ripel] v. doppude; ruttude, duuntude.
repent [ripent] v. tuubde; imsinaade.
repentance [ripentans] ti. imsinaango
O^go).
repetition [rep9tiys0n] n. deftagol (ngdl)\
dimmital (ngal).
repine [ripayn] v. woytaade.
replace [riypleys] v. lomtaade; lomtinde.
replacement [riypleysmant] n. lomto (o);
lomtagol (ngol).
replenish [riyplanis] v. hebbitinde.
replete [ripliyt] adj. ko heewi; keewcfo.
repletion [r0pliys0n] n. keewal (ngal).
replication [r0pl0keys0n] n. jaabawol
(ngol).
reply [r0play] v. jaabtaade.
report [raport] v. jal]taade.
repose [riypowz] v. fooftaade.
repossess [riypowzes] v. hebtude; nangude.
repound [riypawnd] v. untaade.
reprehend [raprihand] v. felde.
reprehensible [reprihansabal] adj.
pelniicfo.
representative n. necfcfo gonancfo.
repress [ripres] v. noTTude.
reprimand [repramand] v. felde.
reprisal [reprayzal] n. joftagol (ngol).
reproach [riyprowc] v. felde
reproach [riyprowc] n. feloore (nde).
reproduce [riypradyuws] v. waanjaade,
waanjitaade.
reptile [reptayl] n. laadoori (ndi)\ ndiwoori
(ndi).
repudiate [rapyuwdyeyt] v. seerde; antude.
repugnant [repAgnant] adj. ko nefnii,
nefnicfum.
repulse [ripAls] v. nefde, ruttude.
repulsive [ripAlsiv] adj. nefnicfum.
reputable [repyuwtabal] adj. moTTo.
request [rikwest] v. fiaagunde (nde).
request [rikwest] v. naagaade. ~ payment
yobnaade
require [rikwaya] v. lamndaade.
233
responsible
requirement [rikwayamant] n. sarcfi (o).
rescind [riysind] v. haaytude; firtude.
rescue [reskyuw] n. faabaare (nde).
rescue [reskyuw] v. faabaade.
research [risarc] n. witto (ngo).
researcher [risarca] n. bittoowo (o).
resell [riysel] v. yeeytude.
resemble [rizembal] v. nandude.
resent [rizent] v. nefde; ande.
resentment [rizentmant] n. ngangu (ngu)\
nefre (nde).
reserve [rizarv] v. jonde. ~ a seat jaggande
palaas.
reserved [rizarvd] adj. nuggaro.
resh [res] n. alkulal (ngal).
reside [rizayd] v. hocfde.
residence [razidans] n. hocforde (nde).
hocforde (nde). temporary ~ jippunde
(nde).
resident [rezidant] n. kocfcfo.
residual [rezijwal] adj. ko faati e kedde.
residue [reziduw] n. kedde (cfe).
resign [rizayn] v. cfaccinde hooremum
golle.
resist [rezist] v. jattinaade; biwaade.
resistance [rezistans] n. biwaagol (ngdl)\
jattinaagol jattinande (nde).
resolute [rezaluwt] adj. bakkiliicfo.
resolution [rezaluwsan] n. wakkilaare
(nde).
resorb [rizob] v. mocfde.
resourceful [rizosfal] adj. tiicfniicfo.
respect [rispekt] n. teddungal (ngal)\ fulla
(o). out of ~ to sabu, sabaabu.
respectable [rispektabal] adj. tedducfo.
respected [rispekted] adj. teddinaacfo.
respectful [rispektfal] adj. tedducfo.
respiration [respareysan] n. foofaango
(ngo), poofaali (cfi).
respiratory [resparatari] adj. ko faati e
foofaango walla poofaali.
respite [respit] n. fooftere (nde).
resplendence [resplandans] n. jalbugol
(ngol).
respond [rispQnd] v. jaabaade.
response [rispQns] n. jaabawol (ngol).
responsibility n. defaare (nde).
responsible [rispQnsabal] adj. defiicfo.
rest
rest [rest] n. fooftere (tide).
rest [rest] v-. fooftaade; yantinde. / had a
restless night Mi cfanaaki haa weeti; mi
rendinaani yitere.
restaurant [restrant] ti. pasiol] (o).
restful [restfal] adj. pooftiicfo.
restitution [restatyuwsan] ti. njobdi (ndi)\
dokkital (ngal).
restlesness [reslesnes] ti. 1) angere (tide) 2)
piddugol (ngol).
restless [resles] adj. pidducfo.
restoration [restareysan] ii. peewnitgol
(tigdl)\ peewnital (ngal).
restore [ristowr] v. feewnitde.
restrain [ristreyn] v. heytaade.
restraint [ristreynt] /?. heytaare (tide).
restrict [restrikt] v. haacfnude e; heertaade.
restroom [restrum] ti. firlorde (tide)\ duus
(o)\ taarorde (tide).
result [rizAlt] v. jibinde.
resume [rezyuwm] v. bamtude.
resurface [riysarfis] v. suppitaade.
resurrect [rezyuwrekt] v. wuurtinde.
resurrection [rezyuwreksan] ti. ummital
(ngal).
resurrectionist [rezareksan]
guurtinoowo (o).
resuscitate [resyuwsateyt] v. wuurtinde.
resuscitator [resyuwsatyeta]
guurtinoowo (o).
retail [riteyl] n. toI]o (ngo).
retailer [riteyla] n. tofjoowo (o).
retaining [riteynig] n. suro (tigo)\ curgol
(ngol).
retake [riyteyk] v. bamtude; hebtude.
retaliate [riytalyeyt] v. yoftaade.
retaliation [riytalyeysan] n. joftagol (ngol).
retard [ritad] v. leeltinde.
retardate [ritadeyt] adj. mo hakkille mum
ustii.
retention [ritansan] n. suro (ngo).
reticent [retisant] adj. nuggaro.
retire [ritaya] v. leloyaade.
retort [ritot] v. jaabaade, sontaade.
retortion [ritosan] //. jaabawol (ngol).
retrain [riytreyn] v. eeltude.
retreat [riytriyt] v. ruttaade, yahrude
caggal.
ribbon
^ retrieve [riytriyv] v. yiitude.
retrograde [riytrogreyd] v. yahtirde caggal;
tellaade.
retrospect [ritrospekt] n. Teewtagol (ngol).
return [ritarn] v. ruttaade, ruttude; iwtude;
artirde; artude. ~ something ruttude. ~
home hootde. ~ greetings salmitaade. ~
sfl/e/y jaaTaade.
reunion [riyuwnyan] n. deental (ngal).
revamp [riyvamp] v. feewnitde.
reveal [riyviyl] v. wee]nude, saaktude.
revel [reval] v. weltaade.
revelation [revleysan] n. caaktugol (ngol).
revelator [revleyta] //. caaktoowo (o)-,
caaktucfo (o).
revenge [rivenj] v. yoftaade.
reverberate [rivarbareyt] v. oolde.
reverberation [rivarbareysan] n. oolel.
revere [riviyr] v. rewde.
reverence [revrans] n. dewal (ngal).
reverse [rivars] v. ruttaade; yahrude caggal.
revert [rivart] v. ruttaade e.
review [ravyuw] v. Teewtaade.
reviewer [ravyuwa] n. Yeewtotoocfo.
revile [riyvayl] v. Tettaade.
n.
revise [rivayz] v. feewnitde.
revival [rivayval] n. guurtingol (ngol).
revive [rivayv] v. wuurtude; wuurtinde.
n.
revoke [rivowk] v. riiwde, niilnude.
revolt [rivolt] v. murtude.
revolt [rivolt] n. murtere (nde)\ murtugol
(ngol).
revolve [rivolv] v. taaraade; yiilaade.
revolver [rivolva] n. wolweere (tide).
reward [riwod] n. njeenaari (ndi).
reward [riwOd] v. yeende.
rhematic [rematik] adj. ko faati e tafhgo
kelme.
rhetoric [retarik] n. jangde haala.
rheumatism [ruwmatizm] n. haw keeci.
rhinal [raynal] adj. ko faati e hinere.
rhinocerous [raynasaras] n. buubu galagel.
rho [ro] n. alkulal (ngal).
riant [rayant] n. jaloowo (o)\ kekitoowo
(o)\ beltiicfo (o).
rib [rib] n. beccal (tigal)\ wecco (ngo).
ribbon [riban] n. lefol (ngol).
234
 4

rice root

rice [rays] /?. maaro (ko); faro (ko). ~ rivage [riva3] n. fongo (ngo).
seedlings']2imhdi. --farm kamanat]. rivalry [rayvalri] n. poocfondiral (ngal).
rich [ric] adj. galo; nantiicfo. ~ man galo rive [rayv] v. feecde, taTde; seerndude.
(o).
river [rayva] n. maayo (ngo).
riches [riciz] ti. ngalu (ngii)-
riverine [rayvarayn] adj. ko faati e maayo;
rick [rik] n. naayko (ko)\ hucfo (ko). ko takkii e maayo.
rickle [rikal] ti. joowre huCfo. rivet [rivat] n. guurtol (ngdl).
rid [rid] v. ittude; labbinde, seerndude. ~ of rivet [rivat] v. wuurtude (naaTe).
unwanted grains wombilaade.
riyal [riyal] n. kaalis (o).
riddle [ridal] ti. ciftol (ngdl)\ tindol (ngdl). roach [rowc] n. somre (nde)\ mbootu (ngu).
ride [rayd] v. wacfcfaade. road [rowd] n. laawol (ngdl). main ~ kallu
rident [raydant] adj. jaloowo; beltiicfo. (o).
rider [rayda] n. bacfcfiicfo. roam [rowm] v. lowwirde.
ridge [rij] n. cebtam ((fam)\ balol (ngdl). roar [rowr] v. hurbude.
ridicule [ridakyuwl] v. jalkitde. roar [rowr] n. hurbaango (ngo).
ridicule [ridakyuwl] adj. ko jalnii, roast [rowst] v. jucfde, sahde. ~ for
jalnicfum. someone jucfande.
rife [rayf] adj. keewcfum; ko heewi. roast [rowst] n. jucfande (nde).
rifle [rayfal] n. fetel. rob [rob] v. wujjude.
rift [rift] n. ceekol (ngdl). robber [roba] ti. gujjo (o).
right [rayt] n. hakke (o)', tiindi (ndi), hujja robbery [robri] n. nguyka (ka).
(o). ~ now jooni jooni. he ~ haande, robust [robAst] adj. butto; tiicfcfo;
feewde. ~ hand jungo naamo (ngo). he ~ cembincfo.
haalde goonga; jeyde goonga.
rock [rok] n. haayre (nde).
righteous [rayc0s] adj. peewcfo.
rocky [roki] adj. nokku keewcfo kaaTe.
righteousness [rayc9snes] n. peewal (ngal).
rod [rod] n. loocol (ngdl)
rigid [rijid] adj. ko Taggi; Taggucfum.
rogue [rowg] n. aawase (o)\ tappale (o)\
rigidify [rijidafay] v. Tagginde. boijof) (o).
rile [rayl] v. seknude. roguery [rowgri] n. aawasaagal (ngal).
rim [rim] n. sara. bicycle ~ mbege (o). roguish [rogis] adj. ko faati e aawasaagal.
rind [rind] n. kobjal (ngal). roil [royl] v. irnitde.
ring [rig] n. feggere (nde). role [rowl] n. liggeey (o)\ gollal (ngal).
ring [rig] v. sel31ude; sil]linde. roll [rol] V. taggude; tallaade; tallude,
ringer [riga] n. cil31inoowo (o). wergaade. ~ one's clothing up naafaade. ~
rinse [rins] v. lallitde; lallude. ~ one's oneself up tiggaade. ~ up a head pad
mouth wuffaade. tekkude.
riot [rayat] n. murtugol (ngdl). roll [rol] n. tallande (nde).
riotous [rayatas] adj. ko faati e murtugol. roller [rola] n. taggoowo (o), morloowo
rip [rip] V. taXde, seekde. (o).
ripe [rayp] v. bendude; monginde. roof [ruwf] n. mbildi (ndi)\ caali (ki).
ripen [raypan] v. bendinde; monginde. roof [ruwf] v. bilde; hundude.
roofing [ruwfig] n. bilngo (ngo).
rise [rayz] v. haftaade, immaade; ummaade;
feerde. ~ up suddenly giddude make ~ room [rum] n. suudu. //7f/c ~ cuurel (ngel).
imminde; umminde. ~ with the sun roommate [rumeyt] n. kocfdiicfo e nder
ummodaade e naange. suudu.
rising [rayzig] n. pucfal (ngal)\ ummagol roomy [ruwmi] adj. ko yaaji; ko lakkitii.
(ngdl). rooster [ruwsta] n. ngori (o).
rite [rayt] n. laawol (ngdl). root [ruwt] n. cfacfol (ngdl)

235
root ruthless

root [ruwt] v. wonande. ruby [ruwbi] n. haayre nilkoore.

rootless [ruwtles] adj. ko alaa cfacfi. ruck [rAk] n. norbolol (ngdl).
rope [rowp] ti. boggol (ngol) ruddy [rAdi] adj. bocfejum; ko wojji.
ropery [rowpri] n. nokku cfo boggi rude [ruwd] adj. neetaro.
mottetee. rue [ru] v. sunaade; nimsude.
ropy [rowpi] adj. ko nandi e boggol. rug [rAg] n. tappi (o).
rosary [roz0ri] n. kurus (o). ruin [ruwin] v. boomde; bonnude.
rot [rot] V. ufde; nolde. ruin [ruwin] n. boomaare (tide).
rotate [rowteyt] v. yiilaade; yiilde. ruined [ruwind] adj. boncfum; bonnacfum.
rotation [rowteys0n] n. jiilagol (ngdl). rule [ruwl] v. laamaade)
rotator [rowteyt0] n. jiiloowo (o). rule [ruwl] ti. laamu (tigii).
rotten [rot0n] adj. nolcfum; konoli. ruler [ruwl0] ti. laamcfo (o)-, laamiicfo (o).
rough [rAf] adj. ko nangi; nangucfo; ko ruling [ruwli^] ti. yamiroore (tide).
cfaataani.
rumba [rumba] ti. ngamri (tidi).
round [rawnd] adj. murlo; murlicfcfo; ko
rumble [rAmb0l] v. diirde.
murlicfi. be ~ murlicfde. go ~ taaraade;
taartoyaade. ruminate [ruwm0neyt] v. aactaade.
roundabout [rawnd0bawt] adj. ko liilti. rumination [ruwm0neys0n] ti. aactere
(tide).
roundish [rawndis] adj. ko murlicfi.
rummage [rAmij] v. Yeewde, sarde;
rouse [rawz] v. findinde; umminde.
liknitde.
route [rawt] ti. laawol (figol). rumor [ruwm0] ti. nanalla (o).
rove [rowv] v. lowwinde; lowwirde; rumple [rAmp0l] v. nongude; sowde.
huywude.
run [rAn] v. dogde. ~ into accidentally
rover [rowv0] n. lowwinoowo (o).
felmaade. make ~ dognude. ~ out
row [row] v. awTude. gasnude.
rowdy [rawdi] adj. pidducfo. runner [rAn0] ti. dogoowo (o).
rower [rower] //. awyoowo (o). running [rAnip] ti. dogdu (tidii).
royal [roy0l] adj. ko faati e laamu. rupee [ruwpiy] ti. kaalis (o).
royalty [roy0lti] /?. laambe (be). rupture [rApc0] v. fusde.
rub [rAb] v. moomde; momlude, soccude, rural [ruwr0l] adj. ko faati e ladde/gese.
yiggude, nirkude; yirgude; oogde. ~ on ruse [ruz] ti. ToYre (tide).
oneself moomaade. ~ one's eyes toknaade.
~ dirt on someone baatde. ~ something rush [rAs] v. henaade.
on oneself momlaade. ~ oil on oneself or rusher [rAs0] ti. keniicfo (o).
on one's hair wujaade. ~ oneself rust [rAst] ti. komaak (o).
yiggaade. ~ one's bottom on the ground rustic [rAstik] adj. ko booyi.
foflaade. rustle [rAs0l] v. sonnude.
rubber [rAb0] n. dalli. ruth [ruw0] ti. sunaare.
rubbish rAbis] n. kuijuru (o).
ruthless [ruwGles] adj. mo yurmotaako.
rubble [ruwb0l] n. kaalis (o).
rubric [ruwbrik] n. inde (tide).

236
sabbatical sass

s
sabbatical [sabatakal] adj. ko faati e sale [seyl] n. njeeygu (ngn).
fooftere. salesman [seylzm0n] n. jeeyoowo (o).
saber [seyba] n. silaama jaasi (ki). saliva [s0layv0] n. joodi (c^i)\]Q)6(^Q\ (ngdl).
sabot [sabo] n. holngo (tigo). salivate [s0l0veyt] v. joodde
sabotage [sabota3] v. bonnude. salon [salon] /?. werandaa (o)-, saal (o).
saboteur [sabotar] n. bonnoowo (o). salt [solt] n. lamcfam (dam), little ~ lamkal
saccular [sakyuwla] adj. annama sasa. (kal). piece of ~ urtulde (tide).
sachet [sase] n. sakkosel (ngel). salted [soltid] adj. lammucfum; kaacfcfum. ~
sack [sak] v. teetde. he was sacked today o ground \2en\o\2craongd\ (ngal).
ittaama e liggeey makko hannde. saltless [soltles] adj. tekum.
sack [sak] n. saak (o), boot (o)-, sasa (o). salubrious [saluwbr0s] adj. ko addata
sacred [seykrad] adj. ko reentaa; ko faati e cellal.
diine. salutary [sal0t0ri] adj. ko addata cellal.
sacrifice [sakrafays] n. sadak (o). salute [salyuwt] v. maajde. I salute you Mi
sacrifice [sakrafays] v. layyaade. yettii ma.
sacrificial [sakrafiysal] adj. ko faati e salvable [salv0b0l] adj. ko dandotoo.
sadak. salvage [salvij] v. faabaade; dandude.
sacule [sakyuwl] ti. basel (ngel). salvage [salvij] ti. faabaare (tide).
sad [sad] adj. jurminiicfo. he ~ sunaade, salvation [salveys0n] ti. faabaare (tide).
yurminaade. same [seym] adj. ko nandi; ko foti. It is the
saddle [sadal] n. hirke (o)\ wacfcforde same thing Ko gootum.
jappeere (tide). sameness [seymnes] ti. nandugol (ngdl).
sadness [sadnes] n. mettere (nde)\ mette sample [samp0l] ti. huunde (tide)\ gecfal
(de). (tigal)\ yeru (o).
safe [seyf] adj. dacfcfo; ko hoolnii, sanction [sar)ks0n] ti. kuugal (ngal).
koolnicfum. It is not safe cfum hoolnaaki.
sanctuary [sar)kc0ri] ti. moolirde (tide).
safety [seyfti] n. dandugol (ngdi). ~ pin sand [sand] ti. leydi (ndi). throw ~ uWudQ.
pingu (o).
sandal [sand0l] ti. facfo fettuuwo.
sag [sag] V. leefde; nooyde.
sandy [sandi] adj. ko wacfi ceenal, seeno
sagacious [s0geys0s] adj. peertucfo.
(figo).
sagacity [s0gas0ti] n. peertugol (ngdl).
sane [seyn] adj. cellucfo, ToTdo.
sage [seyj] n. gando (o)\ peewcfo (o). sanginary [sai3gin0ri] adj. dufoowo TiiTam
sail [seyl] v. wiirde. neegcfo.
sail [seyl] n. wiir (o). sanitary [s0nit0ri] adj. ko faati e laabal.
sailor [seyl0] n. jom laana; cfannortoocfo sanitate [s0n0teyt] v. labbinde.
laana; befoowo (o). sanity [san0ti] ti. cellal (ngal).
saint [seynt] n. waliyyu (o). sandal [sand0l] ti. fettuuwo (tigo).
sake [seyk] n. sabu (o)\ sabaabu (o).for the sap [sap] n. ndiyam gawTal.
~ of friendship sabu cehilaagal.
sapid [sapid] adj. belcfum.
salaam [s0lam] /?. kisal (ngal).
saporous [sapowr0s] adj. belcfum.
salable [seyl0b0l] adj. ko yeeyotoo.
sarcasm [sarkazm] ti. jalkitgol (ngdl).
salad [sal0d] n. salaat (o).
sarco [sarkow] ti. teew (tigu).
salamander [sal0mand0] n. lugu (o).
sarong [saror)] ti. wudere (tide)\ haddaare
salaried [sal0rid] adj. jobeteecfo. (tide), tie a ~ haddaade wudere.
salary [sal0ri] n. njobdi (ndi). I received sash [sas] ti. duhol (ngdl).
my salary Mi yobaama.
sass [sas] ti. contagol (ngdl).

237
sass scorch

sass [sas] v. sontaade. >. scamp [scamp] n. mo nafataa.

satan [seytan] n. ibliis (o). scamper [skampa] v. dogde.
Satanic [seytanik] n. ko faati e Ibliis. ~ scan [skan] v. Teewde.
behavior golle seytaane. scandal [skandal] n. kersa (o)\ gacce (de)\
satchel [satcal] n. gafakke (o)\ saak (o). koyeera (o)\ bonande (nde).
sate [seyt] v. haarnude; hebbinde. scandalize [skandalayz] v. hersinde.
satiable [seycabal] adj. kaaroowo. scanner [skana] n. Teewoowo (o).
satiate [seyceyt] v. haarnude. scant [skant] adj. seecfa; bittucfo.
satiated [seyceytid] adj. kaarcfo; meytucfo; scanty [skanti] adj. pamarum; ko heewaani;
jonaacfo. seecfayal.
satirical [satiyrakal] adj. jalnicfum, scapular [skapyuwla] adj. ko faati e balabe.
jalniicfo; ko jalnii. scar [skor] n. naasal (ngal)\ fiaasal
satisfaction [satasfaksan] /?. beltagol battingal; I]aatal battingal.
(ngol). scarce [skeyrs] adj. ko heewaani;
satisfied [satasfayd] adj. jonaacfo. T]akkucfum.
satisfy [satasfay] v. weltinde. scarcity [skeyrsati] n. fjakkere (nde).
Saturday [satadi] n. aset (o). It is Saturday scare [skeyr] v. hulbinde.
Hande ko aset. scarf [skaf] n. kaala (ka).
sauce [sows] ti. liyam (cfam)\ neekam scart [skat] v. t]aacde.
(dam).
scary [skeyri] adj. kuulbiniicfum; ko
saucer [sowsa] n. koppu (o). hulbinii.
saunter [sonta] v. daagaade. scatter [skata] v. fullude; sarde.
savage [savij] adj. ko faati e golle jawdi. scattered [skatad] adj. caakicfum; caricfum.
savanna [savana] //. nokku hucfo. scavenge [skavenj] v. lawTude, fittude.
savant [savant] n. gando (o). scavenger [skavenja] n. pittoowo (o).
save [seyv] v. hakkitde; dandude. scent [sent] n. uurateeri (ndi).
saver [seyva] n. dandoowo (o). scheme [skiym] n. feere (nde).
savior [seyvya u. dandoowo (o)’, schism [skizm] n. peccugol (ngol).
kakkitoowo (o). scholar [skowla] n. moodibo (o), ganndo
savory [seyvri] adj. belcfum; uurcfum.
saw [so] /?. riis (o). scholastic [skowlastik] adj. ko faati e
say [sey] v. wiide. ~ goodbye waynaade. ~ jangde.
one's genealogy innitaade. They say so school [skuwl] n. jangirde (nde), lekkol;
Ko noon be mbii. ducfal (ngal).
sayable [seyabal] adj. ko ina wiyoo; ko sciatic [syatik] adj. ko faati e
haalotoo. asangal/asaale.
saying [seyip] n. tindol (ngol). science [sayans] n. gandal (ngal).
scab [skab] n. hecfcfere TiiTam. scintillate [sintaleyt] v. yaltinde peete;
scabies [skabiz] n. gaaye (de)\ tiro (ngo). nilkude, jalbude.
scaffolding [skafowldig] //. danki (hi). scission [siysan] n. taTondiral (ngal).
scald [skol] n. cumaram (dam). scissors [sizaz] n. siso (o)\ mecekke (de).
scald [skold] v. sumde. scoff [skafj V. jalkitde; seknoraade.
scale [skeyl] n. waccere (nde). scold [skowld] V. furaade.
scale [skeyl] v. baccude. scolopendra [skolapendra] n. ligi (o).
scales [skeylz] n. peesircfe (de)\ balayse sconce [skans] n. hacTiinde (nde).
(de). scoop [skuwp] n. kuundal (ngal).
scalp [skalp] n. nguru hoore. scope [skowp] n. keeri (di).
scalpel [skalpal] /;. paakayel (ngel). scorch [skac] v. wurbude

238
scorn
scorn [skom] n. ngangu (ngu).
scorn [skom] v. ande.
scorpion [skorpy0n] n. yahre (nde).
scot [skot] n. njobdi (ndi).
scour [skawa] v. lawTude; heefde.
scourer [skawr0] n. lawToowo (o).
scowl [skowl] V. nirbinaade.
scowler [skowla] n. nirbiniicfo (o).
scrabble [skrabal] v. I]aacde.
scram [skram] v. yaltude; yahde.
scramble [skrambal] v. jilbude; jilbinde.
scrap [skrap] n. taXatinde (nde).
scrape [skreyp] v. heefde; haakde. ~ off
biirtude.
scraper [skreypa] n. keefoowo (o).
scratch [skrac] v. I]aanaade; 13aacde,
13aande. ~ the ground wicfaade. ~ oneself
rjaanaade.
scratch [skrac] n. 13aacal (ngal)\ 13aacere
(nde).
scream [skriym] n. haacande (nde)\
wulaango (ngo).
scream [skriym] v. haacde; iicaade;
wullude; ilkinaade; oolaade; luukde.
screamer [skriym0] n. luukoowo (o).
screen [skriyn] n. hecfcfaawo (ngo).
screw [skmw] n. wiis (o).
screw [skmw] v. biiXde.
scribe [skrayb] n. bindoowo (o).
scrimp [skrimp] adj. dabbo; tokooso.
script [skript] n. bindol (ngdl)\ alkule (cfe). secrete [sikriyt] v. suucfde; mooftude.
scripture [skripc0] n. deftere tellinaande.
scrounge [skrawnj] v. rendinde.
scrub [skrAb] v. yiggude; lawTude, heefde. sector [sekt0] n. nokku (o).
scruff [skrAf] n. hoTTudu (ndu).
scrupulous [skmwpy0l0s] adj. gondaacfo.
scrutable [skmwt0b0l] adj. ko faamotoo.
scrutator [skmwteyt0] n. bittoowo (of, sedate [s0deyt] v. deXTinde.
Teewoowo (o).
scuff [skAf] V. daasde koycfe.
scuffle [skAf0l] n. hare (nde).
scull [skAl] n. laana (ka).
sculpt [skAlp] V. sehde.
sculpture [skAlc0] n. cehgol (ngdl).
scum [skAm] n. tuundi (ndi).
scunner [skAn0] n. ngangu (ngu).
scurry [skAri] v. henaade; yaawnaade.
scuttle [skAt0l] V. nekkude.
239
seeing
scythe [say0] n. wafdu (ndu).
sea [siy] n. geec (o).
seal [siyl] v. mubbude.
seam [siym] n. nootol (ngdl).
seam [siym] v. nootde.
seaport [siypot] n. teeri.
sear [siy0] v. jelde.
search [s0rc] n. njiilaw (o).
search [s0rc] v. yiilaade.
searcher [s0rc0] n. jiilotoocfo (o).
season [siyz0n] n. ceecfu (ngu), ndungu
(ngu), kawle (cfe)-, demminaare (nde).
seat [siyt] n. joocforde (nde)-, siiral].
secede [s0siyd] v. taXaade, seerde.
secern [sis0rn] v. seemdude.
secession [sises0n] n. ceertugol (ngdl)-,
taXagol (ngdl).
secessionist [siseys0n] n. taXotoocfo (o).
seclude [s0kluwd] v. seemdude; taXde;
heertaade; howde.
secluded [s0kluwd0d] adj. ko heertaa;
keertacfum, keertaacfo.
seclusion [s0kluw30n] n. keertagol (ngdl).
second [sek0nd] ord. cficfabo (o)-, cfimmo.
secondary [sek0nd0ri] adj. cficfabo,
secondhand [sek0nhand] adj. ko huutoraa,
ko wonaa kesum.
secrecy [siykr0si] n. suucfnde (nde)-, sirm
(o).
secret [siykr0t] n. sirm (o); suudnde (nde).
section [seks0n] n. taXre (nde).
sector [sekt0] v. feccude.
secure [sekyuwr] v. dandude.
security [sekyuwr0ti] n. kisal (ngal)-,
dandugol (ngdl).
sedition [s0diys0n] n. fitina (o).
seduce [s0dyuws] v. hebtude hakkille
necfcfo, jarribaade, cfehde.
seduction [s0dAks0n] n. cfehgol (ngdl).
see [siy] v. yiide. ~ someone out duusde. ~
someone off duusde cfannotoocfo.
seed [siyd] n. focfcfere (nde), abbere (nde).
swn///~ gabbel (ngel)/'po66e\ (ngel).
seeing [siyig] n. giile (cfe).
seek servant

seek [siyk] v. Teewde; yiilaade; cfabbude. seniority [siynyOr0ti] n. mangu (ngu).

-charity yelaade, tooraade. ~ for someone sense [sens] n. hakkille (o). he has good
cfabbande. ~ protection moolaade. sense omo moTTi miijo.
seeker [siyka] n. jiilotoocfo (o). senseless [sensles] adj. mo/ko hakkilaani.
seem [siym] v. wayde. sensible [sens0b0l] adj. kakkildo.
seep [siyp] v. rewde; siyde. sensory [sens0ri] adj. ko faati e giile,
seer [siy0] n. jiyoowo (o)\ Teewoowo (o). nancfe, meecfgol walla memgol.
seesaw [siyso] v. sayyaade; yahrude yeeso e sentence [s0nt0ns] n. 1) kongol timmungol
caggal. 2) kuugal (ngal)', naawoore (nde).
seethe [siy6] v. fasnude. sentiment [sent0m0nt] n. miijo (ngo)', gilli
segment [segmant] v. taTde; feccude. (Cfi).
segregate [sagrageyt] v. seemdude. sentimental [sent0m0nt0l] adj. ko faati e
gilli/miijo.
segregation [s0gr0geys0n] n. ceemdugol
(ngol). sentinel [sentin0l] n. deenoowo (o).
seismic [siyzmik] adj. ko faati e jerbugol sentry [sentri] n. soldaat (o).
leydi. separate [sep0ret] v. seemdude. ~ bran &
seismograph [siyzm0graf] n. masil] flour sedde.
betoowo jerbugol leydi. separation [sepreys0n] n. ceergal (ngal).
seize [siyz] v. songude; jaggude. separator [s0preyt0] n. ceerndoowo (o).
seizure [siy30] /?. cinnel gujjo. sept [sept] num. jeedicfi.
seldom [seldam] adj. ko heewaani ko septenary [sept0n0ri] adj. ko faati e
wacfata. jeedicfi.
select [s0lekt] v. subaade. the - feyv septentrional [sept0ntriyn0l] adj. ko faati e
subaabe. worgo.
selectee [salektiy] n. cubaacfo (o). septuagenarian adj. jom duubi capande
selection [s0leks0n] n. cubagol (ngol). jeedidi pawdi.
self [self] n. necfcfo; huunde. ~ respect jom; sepulcher [sepAlk0] n. yanaande (nde)',
nedcfaagal (ngal). ngaska (ka).
selfish [selfis] adj. boroocfo; kiicfnitiicfo; sepulchral [sepAlkr0l] adj. ko faati e
gorcfudo. yanaande.
sell [sel] V. yeeyde. ~ one's belongings sequel [siyk0l] n. jokkere (nde)', dewondiral
firlitde, - at a give away price wantirde. ~ (ngal).
jarnude; jinditde. sequence [siykwens] n. jokkondiral (ngal)',
seller [sel0] n. jeeyoowo (o). dewondiral (ngal).
sellout [selawt] n. jinditgol (ngdl). sequester [s0kwest0] v. sokde; heeraade;
seemdude.
semantic [semantik] adj. ko faati e maanaa.
sequestrate [sekw0streyt] v. sokde;
semantics [semantiks] n. jangde maanaa.
heeraade.
semblable [sembl0b0l] adj. ko nandi,
serene [s0riyn] adj. deeTdo, ko deeTi.
nanducfi.
semen [siym0n] kantudi (ndi). serenity [s0riyn0ti] n. deeTre (nde).
semi [s0may] n. feccere (nde)\ hakkunde. series [siyriyz] n. gede (cfe)', huundeeji (di).
semplice [semplic0] adv. beebcfum. serious [siyry0s] adj. tiidniido.
send [send] v. neldude ~ a person nelde, seriousness [siyry0snes] n. tiidnaare (nde).
nulde. ~ hack ruttinde sermon [s0rm0n] n. waajuya (o)', hucfba
sender [send0] //. neldoowo (o), nelducfo (o).
(o). sermonize [s0rm0nayz] v. waajaade.
senile [siynayl] adj. mo hakkille mum ustii / serpent [s0rp0nt] n. laadoori (ndi).
dilli; kaangaacfo. serry [seri] v. bittude.
senior [siyny0] n. mawcfo. servant [s0rv0nt] n. suufa (o).

240
 #

serve sheet

serve [s0rv] v. nafde; sarwude. ~ food shaker [seyk0] n. dillinoowo (o)-, dilloowo
rottude. ro/
server [s0rv0] ti. carwoowo (o). shaking [seykig] n. sinnere (nde)-, dillugol
service [s0rvis] n. liggeey (o)\ gollal (ngal). (ngdl).
serviceman [s0rvism0n] n. soldaat (o). shaky [seyki] adj. ko dillata.
servile [s0rv0l] adj. cfowtiicfo. shale [seyl] n. bakkere (nde).
servitude [s0rvityuwd] o. macungaagal shallop [sal0p] n. laana (ka).
(ngal). shallow [sal0w] adj. ko luggicfaani. ~ water
session [ses0n] /?. jonde (nde). pokpokolam (dam).
set [set] V. mutde. ~ milk fendude. ~ a child shamble [samb0l] v. bonnude;
across one’s legs sataade. ~ to work daaldaalnude.
yaalnude. ~ aside willude. ~ down shame [seym] v. hoynude; hersinde;
jippinde. ~ aside for someone jubbande, semtinde.
nokkande; resande. shame [seym] n. koyeera (o)-, gacce (de).
settee [setiy] n. joocforde (nde)\ danki (ki). shamed [seymd] adj. koycfo.
settle [set0l] v. hawrude; hocfde. shameful [seymf0l] adj. kersiniicfum.
settlement [set0lm0nt] n. kawral (ngal), shameless [sheymles] adj. mo alaa gacce.
hocforde (nde). shank [sapk] n. korlal (ngal).
seven [seven] num. jeecficfi.
shanty [santi] n. barak (o).
sevenfold [sevenfowld] adj. laabi jeecficfi. shape [seyp] n. tagoodi (ndi)-, mbaadi (ndi).
seventeen [seventiyn] num. sappo e jeecficfi.
share [ser] n. gecfal (ngal)-, feccere.
seventy [s0venti] num. capancfe jeecficfi. share [ser] v. feccude; rendude.
sever [sev0] v. entude; seerndude. shark [sark] v. wujjude.
several [sevr0l] det. keewcfi; keewcfe, sharp [sap] adj. belcfo; mbelka; ko weli. be
heewbe. - welde; weemtude; seebde.
severance [sevr0ns] n. ceergal (ngal). sharpen [sap0n] v. laggaade; welnude;
severe [s0viyr] adj. ko sacfti. woogde.
severity [s0viyr0ti] n. cacftugol (ngdl). sharpening [sQpnip] n. setto (ngo).
sew [s0w] V. nootde; husde. sharpie [sopi] n. laana (ka).
sewing [s0wir)] n. nootgol (ngdl)-, nootol sharpness [sQpnes] n. seebre (nde).
(ngdl). - machine masil] nootoowo. shatter [sat0] v. helde, bonnude.
sex [seks] n. kaake; njogoram (dam). shave [seyv] v. fembude; labde, labaade. ~
sexagenarian [seks0j0neyry0n] n. jom oneself fembaade. get ~ed fembeede.
duubi capancfe jeegom. shaver [seyv0] n. pemboowo (o)-, ko
sextuple [sekstyuwp0l] v. fiide laabi fembata.
jeegom. shawl [sol] n. mojaare (nde).
shabby [sabi] adj. ko furi. she [siy] pron. omo; kan, kanko; o; kam.
shack [sak] n. barak (o). shear [siyr] v. taTde, hesde.
shackle [sak0l] n. ceen (o). sheath [siy0] n. wana (ka).
shade [seyd] n. buubri (ndi)-, beelol (ngdl). sheathe [siy6] v. naatnude e nder wana.
shadow [sadow] n. mbeelu (ngu). sheave [siyv] v. rendinde.
shady [seydi] adj. ko wacfi buubri. shed [sed] v. werlaade. ~ tears bofide. ~
shaft [saft] n. bamfaro. light famminde.
shaggy [sagi] adj. guycfo; ko wuyi. he - sheen [siyn] n. jalbugol (ngdl)-, hilkugol
wuyeede; wuyde. (ngdl).
shake [sheyk] v. sinnude; yeTde, ficfcfude, sheep [%p] n. mbaalu (ngu)-, baali (di).
dillinde; dillude. - off ^\66udt. - off again sheer [siyr] v. selde.
ficfcfitde. ~ milk yonkude.
sheet [siyt] n. cferewol (ngdl), darab (o).

241
sheet side

sheet [siyt] v. soomde. shorten [sort9n] v, rabbicfinde.

shelf [self] n. kaggu (ngu)\ yowirde (nde). shortly [sortli] adv. jooni jooni.
shell [sel] n. wujo (ngo)\ hodoore (nde)\ shortness [sortnes] ti. rabbere (tide).
hobre (tide). shorty [sorti] ti. dabbel.
shell [sel] v. hobtude; hobde. shot [sot] ti. fiyande (tide).
shelled [seld] adj. kobtacfum. a ~ corn ear shotgun [sotgAn] ti. fetel (o).
hormere (tide). should [sud] aux. fotde.
shelter [selt9] ti. cfuhorde (tide). shoulder [suld9] //. walabo (tigo).
shelter [selta] v. cfuhaade shout [sawt] ti. wulaango (tigo).
shelve [selv] v. yowde. shout [sawt] V. wullude, haacde.
shepherd [sef9d] ti. gaynaako (o). shouting [sawtii]] ti. wowlaango (tigo).
shepherdless [sef9dles] ti. gaynaako debbo. shove [sowv] v. dunde.
shield [siyld] ti. hecfcfaawo (tigo). shovel [sav9l] V. peel.
shift [sift] V. ummaade; umminde. show [sow] V. hollude, hollinde. ~ pity
shilling [s9li5] ti. taransu, yurmaade, yurmikinaade. ~ off wasaade,
shimmer [sim9] v. jalbude. baabaade. ~ an angry face nirbinaade. ~
shin [sin] //. korlal (tigal). by drawing aamnude.
shine [sayn] v. jalbude; naarde; cfelkude. shower [saw9] ti. tobo (tigo)\ buftagol
shiny [sayni] adj. jalboowo; ko jalbata; (tigol). ~ room lootorde (tide).
jalbucfo; jalbucfum. shower [saw9] v. buftaade.
ship [sip] ti. laana (ka) shred [sred] ti. ceeltol (tigol).
shipwreck [siprek] v. yiwde laana. shred [sred] v. seeltude,
shirk [s9rk] v. wappaade. shrew [sruw] ti. debbo nangucfo.
shirt [s9rt] ti. turki (o); simis (o). shrewd [sruwd] adj. YoTcfo; peertucfo.
shirty [s9rti] adj. cekcfo. shriek [sriyk] ti. wulaango (tigo).
shit [sit] ti. kuudi jaane (cfe). shrink [srigk] v. toI3de.
shit [sit] V. huwde; bonnitaade. shrinkage [sripkij] ti. tongol (tigol).
shiver [siv9] v. sinnude. shrivel [sriv9l] v. nongaade.
shoe [suw] ti. facfo (tigo). shroud [srawd] ti. kasanke (o).
shoemaker [suwmeyk9] ti. sakke (o). shroud [srawt] v. hasnude; muurde.
shog [sog] V. dillude; dillinde. shrub [srAb] ti. lawnandi (ki)\ manganace.
shoo [suw] V. hulbinde; riiwde. pile of dead ~ nakkeere (tide).
shoot [suwt] ti. pucfdi (tidi). shrug [srAg] v. dillinde; ficfcfude; neebaade.
shoot [suwt] V. fellude. shudder [sAd9] v. sinnude.
shop [sop] V. soodde; duggude. ~ for shuffle [sAf9l] V. jiibde, baatirde, moylaade.
duggande. shuffler [sAfl9] ti. baatiroowo.
shop [sop] ti. bitik (o). shun [sAn] v. nefde.
shopkeeper [sopkiyp9] ti. jom bitik. shut [sAt] V. uddude.
shoplifter [soplift9] ti. gujjo (o). shy [say] adj. nuggaro. be ~ nuggoricfde.
shopper [sop9] ti. coodoowo (o). sibling [siblig] ti. dewiraacfo (o).
shore [sor] ti. takko/daande maayo; fongo sick [sik] adj. nawcfo; dafaacfo.
(t^go). sicken [sik9n] v. fiawnude.
short [sort] adj. dabbo, I]appo. be ~ sickening [siknig] adj. ko nawnata.
tofjde, rabbicfde; l^akkude. sickle [sik9l] ti. wafdu (tidit).
shortcut [sortkAt] //. sodorde (tide). sickness [siknes] ti. naw (tigu).
short-tempered [sortemp9d] adj. loobcfo. side [sayd] ti. bal]I]e (o); wuttulo (tigo)\
shortage [sortij] ti. I]akkudi; bitteende; wecco (tigo)\ Sara (o).
I]akkere; I^akke (cfe)\ soono (tigo).

242
side
side [sayd] v. takkaade; sawndaade. ~ with
jingude; jingande; wuuranaade.
siege [siyj] v. taaraade.
siesta [syesta] /?. muumnagol (tigol).
sieve [siyv] n. tame (o).
sieve [siyv] v, secfde.
sift [sift] V. secfde.
sigh [say] v. rjuslude.
sigh [say] /?. I]uslaango (ngo)\ maande.
sight [sayt] v. sooynaade; yiyde.
sight [sayt] n. giile (cfe).
sigma [sigma] /?. alkulal (ngal).
sign [sayn] n. annama; maale (cfe).
significance [signafikans] //. maanaa (o).
significant [signafikant] adj. ko nafata; ko
wacfi maanaa.
signify [signafay] v. amminde.
silence [saylans] ti. deTTere (tide).
silencer [saylansa] ti. ko deTTinta;
deTTinoowo (o).
silent [saylant] adj. deTTucfo.
silhouette [siluwet] ii. mbeelu (ngii).
silk [silk] ti. sooye (o).
silkworm [silkwom] ti. ngilngu (ngii).
silurid [siluwrid] n. andoonde (tide).
silver [silva] ti. kaalis. ~ coins kodiije (cfe).
silvery [silvri] adj. ko nandi e kaalis.
similar [simala] adj. nando, ko nandi,
nandube.
similarity [simalarati] ti. nandugol (tigol).
similitude [samilatyuwd] ti. nandugol
(tigol).
simmer [sima] v. defde.
simper [simpa] ti. mooso (tigo)\ moosooli
(Cfi).
simple [simpal] adj. beebcfum; newicfum.
simplicity [simplasati] ti. beebgol (tigol).
simplify [simplafay] v. weebnude.
simulacrum [simyuwlakram] ti. nembugol
(tigol).
simulate [simyuwleyt] v. nembude.
simulation [simalesan] ti. nembugol (tigol).
simultaneous [simAltaneous] adj. ko yahdi;
ko wacfdi.
sin [sin] ti. bakkaat (o); haraam (o).
sin [sin] v. bakkodinde; woofde.
since [sins] adv. bayde; gila; bayri. ~ then
gila ndeen.
243
size
sincere [sinsiyr] adj. koolaacfo.
sincerity [sinsiyrati] ti. hoolaare (tide).
sinew [sinyuw] ti. cfacfol (tigol).
sinful [sinfal] adj. bakkodincfo.
sing [sir)] v. yimde. ~ religious poems
beytude.
singe [sinj] v. sumde; duppude.
singer [sir)a] ti. jimoowo (o). ~ of religious
poems beytoowo (o).
single [si^al] adj. gooto; petto,
singular [siggila] adj. gooto.
sinister [sinista] ti. bonande; moobaare
(tide).
sinistral [sanistral] adj. ko faati e bonande
walla moobaare.
sink [sigk] v. mutde; mutnude; debbude,
yiwde. ~ down debbude.
sinkage [sigkij] ti. mutnugol (tigol).
sinless [sinles] adj. mo bakkodinaani.
sinner [sina] /;. goofoowo (o)\
bakkodinoowo (o).
sinuate [sinyuweyt] v. oonde, ko oonii.
sinuous [sinyuwas] adj. ko oonii; ko
fortaaki.
sip [sip] V. surbaade; tuubde.
sipid [sipid] adj. belcfum.
siren [sayran] ti. debbo jom maayo.
sister [sista] ti. bandiraacfo debbo.
sisterhood [sistahud] ti. miniraagal (tigal)\
miniraagu (tigu)\ mawniraagal (tigal).
sit [sit] V. joocfaade. ~ on one's knees
horfmaade. throw ~ down abruptly
denkude. ~ flat on one's bottom
barfmaade. ~ on one's crossed legs
ferlaade; hofaade. ~ down abruptly
denkaade. ~ on eggs woofaade.
site [sayt] ti. nokku (o).
sitter [sita] ti. joocfotoocfo (o)', joocfiicfo
ro;.
sitting [sitig] ti. jonde.
situate [sicweyt] v. heednude.
situated [sicweytid] adj. keedcfo.
six [siks] tiuni. jeegom. -fold piigol walla
cowgol laabi jeegom.
sixteen [sikstiyn] tium. sappo e jeegom.
sixty [siksti] tium. capancfe jeegom
sizeable [sayzabal] adj. ko yaaji, ko mawni.
size [sayz] v. fondude, betde.
size
size [sayz] n. juuteendi, njaajeendi “e
tooweendi.
sizing [sayzii)] n. pondugol (ngol).
skeletal [skeletal] adj. ko faati e Tiye.
skeleton [skel9t0n] n. Tiye bandu.
skellum [skelAm] n. aawase (o).
skelp [skelp] n. hello (ngo).
skeptic [skeptik] adj. necfcfo koolkisiicfo.
skepticism [skeptasizm] ti. hoolkisaare
(tide).
sketch [skec] v. diidde.
sketchy [skeci] adj. ko timmaani.
skiff [skif] n. laana (ka).
skill [skil] n. neenal (tigal)\ mbaawka (ka).
skilled [skild] adj. neencfo. be ~ fieende.
skim [skim] v. meewtude
skimmer [skima] //. meewtoowo (o).
skin [skin] ti. nguru (tigit). ~ of a dead
animal cawgu (tigu).
skin [skin] v. huttude; booltude. ~ fungus
laamlaame (de). little ~ gurel (tigel). be
light '-ned naawcfude.
skinner [skina] n. kuttoowo (o).
skinny [skini] adj. cewcfo, pooTcfo. be ~
sewde, cfawsude; reetude; fooYde, a ~
person koonoor (o)\ pooTdo.
skip [skip] V. diwde.
skirmish [skwarmis] ti. hare (tide).
skirt [skart] ti. sabba (o); sippu (o).
skive [skayv] v. seelde.
skiver [skayva] ti. ceeloowo (o).
skulk [skAlk] V. suucfaade.
skull [skAl] ti. Tiye hoore.
sky [skay] ti. kammu (o), asamaan (o).
slack [slak] adj. mo wondaaka.
slacken [slakan] v. leeltinde, yolbinde.
slake [sleyk] v. cfomcfitde; buubnude.
slam [slam] v. bubbude; uddude.
slander [slanda] v. takkude.
slant [slant] v. wuuraade; wuuranaade.
slap [slap] V. hellude, suntude, mabbude.
He slapped his face O fii mo hello e
hakkille.
slap [slap] ti. hello (tigo)
slash [slas] v. taTde; nibde; yiwde; seekde.
slat [slat] V. werlaade.
slaughter [slota] v. hirsude. ~ house
tol^irde (tide).
244
slug
slave [sleyv] n. maccucfo (o)', jiyaado (o).
real ~ macaacaa (o). big ~ maccungal
(tigal). behave like a ~ macculinde.
slave [sleyv] v. maccinaade.
slavery [sleyvri] ti. macungaagal (tigal).
slay [slay] v. warde.
sleep [sliyp] ti. cfoyngol (tigol).
sleep [sliyp] v. cfaanaade. make someone ~
cfanninde. pretend to ~ daankinaade. I did
not sleep a wink all night Hanki jamma
mi rendinaani yitere.
sleeper [sliypa] ti. cfaaniicfo (o)',
cfaanotoocfo (o).
sleepiness [sliypanes] ti. 13ol3cfi (cfi)\
I]oI]g61 (tigol).
sleeping [sliypii]] ti. cfoyngol (tigol).
sleepy [sliypi] adj. 13ol3cfo. Z>e~r)ot3de.
sleeve [sliyv] ti. jungo comcol.
sleeveless [sliyvles] adj. ko alaa juucfe.
slender [slenda] adj. cewcfo.
slenderize [slendarayz] v. sewnude.
slice [slays] ti. eebre (tide)\ ande (tide).
slice [slays] v. eebre (tide). ~ a fish from
head to tail ende.
slide [slayd] v. moorde; taataade.
sliding [slaydip] ti. taatol (tigol).
slight [slayt] adj. seecfa; pamaro.
slim [slim] adj. cewcfo.
sling [slip] ti. lottundu (tidii).
slinger [slipa] ti. lottoowo (o).
slip [slip] V. taataade; boccitaade. ~ away
sortaade; leewtaade; boccitaade. ~ into a
hole yolbitaade. ~ knot worsundu (tidu).
slippery [slipri] adj. boodcfum, taatcfum;
borwucfum. be ~ taatde, boodde,
borwude.
slit [slit] V. eebde; taTde.
sliver [sliva] v. eebde.
slobber [sloba] v. joodde.
slobbery [slobri] adj. ko faati e
joodi/joodol.
slog [slog] V. gobbude, fiide.
slop [slop] V. wiccude; rufde.
slope [slowp] /;. waho (tigo).
sloth [slow0] ti. ngaameela (ka).
slothful [slowGfal] adj. gaamcfo.
slow [slow] adj. leelcfo, ko leeli. be ~ leelde.
slowly [slowli] adv. seese; jamjam.
slug [slAg] V. fiide, gobbaade.
sluggard
sluggard [slAgad] adj. gaamcfo.
slugger [slAg0] n. goobboowo
gobbotoocfo (o).
slumber [slAmba] v. 13oI]de.
slump [slAmp] V. yande.
slur [slar] n. Tettoore (tide).
slut [slAt] n. debbo boncfo; garbotoocfo.
sly [slay] adj. ToTcfo.
smack [smak] n. hello.
smack [smak] v. fiide.
small [smol] adj. tokooso (o)\ tokosel
(tigel).
small [smOl] adj. pamaro; tokooso. be ~
famcfude; gallude; tojjude.
smart [smot] adj. ToTcfo. />£~ToTde.
smash [smas] v. helde, monhude.
smasher [smasa] n. keloowo (o)\
monnoowo (o).
smear [smiyr] v. tunwinde.
smell [smel] v. uurnaade; banaade. ~ sweet kargol.
uurde. ~ had aamtude, sorbude; siccude.
smile [smayl] v. moosde.
smile [smayl] n. moosooli; moosol (tigol).
smirch [smarc] v. moddinde; tunwinde.
smirk [smark] v. moosde.
smite [smayt] v. fiide.
smith [smi0] ti. baylo (o).
smoke [smowk] v. suurkude; jawwinde,
simmaade; urkinaade.
smoke [smowk] /?. cuurki (ki).
smoker [smowka] n. jawwinoowo (o).
smooth [smuw0] adj. cfaatcfum; ko cfaati.
he ~ cfaatde.
smooth [smuwdan] v. berkude, cfaatnude.
smother [smoda] v. warde; nifde.
smudge [smAj] v. moddinde.
smug [smAg] adj. peewcfo.
smuggle [smAgal] v. naatnude e leydi jawdi
cuuaaandi; suucfde.
smut [smAt] V. moddude, moddinde,
tunwinde.
snaggle [snagal] v. saafaade. ~ tooth niire
saafiinde.
snail [sneyl] n. wujo (tigo).
snake [sneyk] n. laadoori (ndi), mbaroodi soft [soft] adj. cfaatcfum; jaafcfum. he ~
(tidi). hig'-biWal (ngal).
snap [snap] v. T]appude; bubbude.
snare [sner] n. wilde (tide).
softener
snare [sner] v. tuufaade.
(o)\ snarl [snarl] v. fliraade.
snatch [snatc] v. diftaade; biftaade,
jaylaade.
sneak [sniyk] v. bittaade; sortaade; naatde.
sneer [sniyr] v. jalde, moosde.
sneeze [sniyz] ti. islaango (tigo).
sneeze [sniyz] v. islude; iilde.
sniff [snif] v. susnaade; susde.
sniffer [snifa] ti. cusnotoocTo (o).
sniggle [snigal] v. saftaade; awde.
snip [snip] v. meccude.
snipe [snayp] ti. suka (o); kurka (o).
snitch [snic] v. diftaade.
snivel [snival] v. Tusde.
snob [snob] ti. nemtinoowo (o).
snooze [snuwz] v. muumnaade.
snore [snowr] v. harde.
snoring [snowrig] ti. haraango (tigo)',
snort [snot] v. foofde.
snot [snot] ti. nitte (de). draw ~ in
nodditaade.
snow [snow] ti. marmalle (cfe).
snuff [snAf] V. sumbaade; nodditaade.
snuffer [snAfa] adj. cumbotoocfo.
snuggle [snAgal] v. takkaade e.
so [sow] cotij. mbele; if
soak [sowk] v. soofnude.
soakage [sowkij] ti. coofnugol (tigol).
soaked [sowkt] adj. leppucfum; ko leppi. he
~ leppude.
soap [sowp] ti. saabunde (tide).
soar [sowr] v. weeyde.
sob [sob] V. Tusde.
soccer [soka] ti. fligu/fuku (o).
sociable [sowsabal] adj. jom yimbe; jicfcfo
yimbe, cakalo.
sock [sok] ti. kawasal (ngal)
socket [soket] ti. ngaska (ka).
sodbuster [sodbAsta] ti. demoowo (o).
sodden [sodan] adj. ko leppi.
sofa [sofa] ti. leeso diwaa.
leefde, cfaatde, yaafde; nooyde.
soften [softan] v. cfaatnude.
softener [softana] ti. huunde cfaatnoore.
245
softly
softly [softli] adv. seese.
softness [softnes] ii. yaafngo (tigo).
soggy [sogi] adj. leppucfo; leppucfum.
soil [soyl] ti. leydi (ndi).
sojourn [sojarn] v. yillaade.
solar [sowla] adj. ko faati e naange.
soldier [soljo] n. soldaat (o).
sole [sowl] adj. gooto; petto; teppere.
solicit [solasit] V. naagaade, cfabbude.
solicitor [sol0sit0] n. naagotoocfo (o)\
cfabboowo (o).
solid [solid] adj. ko heri; ko tiicfi. be ~
herde.
solidarity [sol0dar0ti] n. nanondiral (ngal)\
ballondiral (ngal).
solidarize [sol0d0rayz] v. wallondirde;
nangondirde.
solidify [sol0d0fay] v. hernude.
soliloquize [s0lil0kwayz] v. haaldude e
hooremum.
solitary [solit0ri] adj. gooto; petto.
solitude [solatyuwd] u. yeeweende (nde);
teelre (tide).
soluble [solyuwbal] adj. ko saayata.
solve [solv] V. yiitude.
somber [somb0] adj. ko nibbicfi.
some [sAm] adj. huunde.
somebody [sAmbadi] proti. necfcfo (o),
aadee (o).
someone [sAmwan] pron. necfcfo (o)', aadee
(o)\ kaari. ~ else necfcfo gocfcfo. ~ else's
kaakejanane.
something [sAm0ip] proti. huunde.
sometimes [sAmtaymz] adv. sahaa sahaa.
somnifacient [sAmn0feys0nt] adj.
cfanninta.
somniferous [sAmn0fer0s] adj.
cfanninta.
somnolence [sAmnalans] ti. !]6I]cfi.
somnolent [sAmn0l0nt] adj. T]oI]cfo.
son [son] ti. bicfcfo gorko.
song [S013] ti. yimre (tide)\ ']\m6\ (tigol).
Soninke [sownigke] ti. Galambo (o),
Sarkulle (o)\ alambe (de)\ sarkulleebe
(be).
soon [suwn] adv. jooni.
sooner [suwn0] adj. ko buri yaawde, ko
adii. ~ or later e ko fayi arde
soot [suwt] ti. tuundi cuurki.
sparge
soothe [suw3] v. deeTnude.
sop [sop] ti. taTatinde.
soporiferous [sopor0fer0s] adj. ko
cfanninta.
soppy [sopi] adj. ko leppi.
sorcerer [sors0r0] ti. dabotoocfo.
sorcerous [sOrs0r0s] adj. ko faati e dabare.
sorcery [sOs0ri] ti. dabare (de). perform ~
dabaade. perform ~ for dabanaade.
sordid [sordid] adj. tunwucfo; tunwucfum;
ko tunwi.
sore [sowr] adj. ko muusi.
sorghum [sorg0m] ti. gawri (ndi).
sorrel [sor0l] ti. follere (tide).
sorrow [sorow] ti. sunaare (tide)-, mettere
(tide).
sorrowful [sorowf0l] adj. cuniicfo.
sort [sot] V. seerndude.
sottish [satis] adj. jirwucfo.
sough [s0f] V. nuumbaade, sonhude.
soul [sowl] ti. fittaandu (tidu).
sound [sawnd] v. dillude; hongude.
sound [sawnd] ti. dillere (tide).
soup [sup] ti. suppu (o)-, soos (o).
sour [saw0] adj. lammucfum; kaacfcfum.
source [sOs] ti. iwdi (ndi).
souse [sows] V. leppinde.
south [saw0] ti. worgo (tigo).
southerner [sA60n0] ti. worganke (o).
southward [saw0wod] adv. bange rewo.
souvenir [suv0niyr] ti. teskuya (o).
sovereign [sovr0n] ti. laamcfo (o).
sow [sow] V. aawde; teppude. ~ before the
ko rain uulde.
sowing [sowig] ti. aawre (tide)-, second ~
ko aawtere (tide).
space [speys] ti. weeyo (tigo)-, l^alde (tide).
~ betyveen teeth yelde (tide), open ~ lewre
(tide), dingiral (ngal).
spacious [speys0s] adj. ko yaaji.
spade [speyd] ti. goppu (o).
spall [spol] V. helde.
span [span] ti. sibre (tide)-, mudda (o). short
^ sahaa dabbo.
spank [spar)k] v. fiide cukalel e dote,
spar [spa] //. coorgal (ngal).
spare [sper] v. cfaccude; yaafaade.
sparge [spaj] v. sarde.
246
spark
spark [spak] n. feetere (nde)
sparrow [spar0w] n. colei (ngel).
sparse [spas] adj. ko sarii.
spat [spat] V. dukde; habeede.
spate [speyt] ti. ilam (dam).
spatial [speysal] adj. ko faati e weeyo.
speak [spiyk] v. haalde. ~ loudly bablude. ~
with haaldude.
speaker [spiyko] n. kaaloowo (o).
spear [spiyr] n. mbaangu (ngu)\ gaawal
(ngal)\ baawal (ngal).
species [spiyciyz] n. fedde (nde).
specify [spasafay] v. innude,
speck [spek] v. tobbere (nde).
speckle [spekal] v. tunwinde; gakkude.
spectacles [spektakalz] n. lone (de).
spectator [spekteyta] n. jeeboowo (o).
speculate [spekyuwleysan] v. fefindaade,
miijaade.
speech [spiyc] n. haala (ka)\ bolle (de).
speed [spiyd] v. yaawnaade; henaade.
speed [spiyd] n. yaawre (nde)\ henaare
(nde).
speedy [spiydi] adj. jaawcfo; ko yaawi.
speel [spiyl] v. I]abbude; t3aylude.
speer [spiyr] v. lamndaade.
spell [spel] V. hijjude.
spelling [spelig] n. hijjo (ngo)-, kijjugol
(ngol).
spend [spend] v. feraade, wonde. ~ the
night waalde. ~ a day nallinde. ~ the dry
season seecfde. ~ days in the farm
lulaade. ~ wedding days dammbaade. ~
the rains ruumde. ~ the night with
waaldude. ~ the day for nallannde. ~ the
day nallude sperm [sparm] n. kantudi
(ndi).
spew [spyuw] v. ruttude; tuutde.
spice [spays] v. safnude.
spicy [spaysi] adj. cafcfum; kaadcfum.
spider [spayda] n. njamala.
spike [spayk] v. fel]de.
spill [spil] V. deelde; rufde; siimtude. ~ over
while boiling wokde.
spilled [spild] adj. dufcfum; ciimtucfum. *
spin [spin] v, mottude; yiilaade. sprained [spreynd] adj. pornudo.
spinal [spaynal] adj. ko faati e noorol spray [sprey] v. ftiufde; pompude.
keeci.
spindle [spindal] n. kardumbal (ngal).
247
spray
spine [spayn] n. noorol keeci (ngol).
spinner [spina] n. mottoowo (o)-, jiilotoocfo
(o).
spinster [spinsta] n. lambucfo (o)-, cooycfo
(o).
spire [spaya] n. jubudu tiba.
spirit [spirit] n. jinne (o)-, wonki (ki).
spiritual [spiracal] adj. ko faati e wonki.
spit [spit] V. tuutde; wukkitde. ~ through
the teeth sirTude. ~ out balTude.
spite [spayt] v. toonde.
spittle [spital] n. joodol (ngol).
splash [splas] v. wiccude.
splay [spley] v. yaajnude.
spleen [spliyn] n. cfaamol (ngol).
splendent [splendant] adj. jalbucfum.
splice [splays] v. jokkondirde.
splinter [splinta] v. helde; monnude;
sarflide.
split [split] V. feecde; eccitde; feeraade.
spoil [spoyl] V. bonnude; yakkude. ~ again
bonnitde. ~ a child bewnude.
spoilage [spoylij] ti. bonande (?ide).
spoiler [spoyla] n. bonnoowo (o).
spoilt [spoylt] adj. bewcfo; bonnaado; ko
bonnaa.
spokesman [spowksman] n. kaaloowo (o).
spoliate [spowlyet] v. bonnude; wujjude.
spoliation [spowleysan] n. nguyka (ka)\
bonande (nde).
sponge [sponj] n. tekkere lawTirteende.
throw in the ~ jebbilaade.
sponsor [sponsa] n. njaatige (o).
spoon [spuwn] n. holfo (ngo)', kuddu (o).
spoor [spuwr] n. laadol (ngol)', felo (ngo)',
teppere (nde).
sport [sport] n. coftal balli; fijirde coftal
balli.
sportive [sportav] adj. ko faati e coftal
balli.
spot [spot] n. tobbere (nde).
spot [spot] V. yiide.
spouse [spaws] n. jom suudu; jom galle.
spout [spawt] V. juknude.
sprain [spreyn] v. fornude.
spread starve

spread [spred] v. layde; yaajnude; rebde; stabilize [steyb0layz] v. deeTnude.

weerde, wertude. ~ a mat dacfcfude; stable [steyb0l] adj. deeTdo.
wertude. ~ mud on a wall laaltaade. ~ out stack [stak] v. joowde.
to dry liirde. ~ food to cool down lantude.
stack [stak] ti. wahre ledde, tiggere
spreader [spreda] n. jaajnoowo (o). noomre.
spreading [spredig] n. layo (ngo). staff [staf] ti. liggotoobe (be).
spring [sprig] n. sewnde (tide). staff [staf] V. Yettude gollotoobe.
sprinkle [sprigkal] v. tobde; roosde, stagger [stag9] v. daaldaalnude (mandildo);
wiccude. daggude.
sprinkler [sprigklo] /;. biccoowo (o). stagnate [stagneyt] v. daraade; deeYde.
sprint [sprint] v. dogde. stain [steyn] v. gakkude; gakkinde;
sprout [sprawt] v. fucfde. tobbaade.
sprout [sprawt] ti. pucfdi (ndi). stain [steyn] ti. fatere (tide)-, tobbere (nde).
spur [sp0r] ti. Tobbirde (tide). stained [steynd] adj. moddudum.
spurn [sp9rn] v. fergitaade e. stairs [sterz] n. iskale.
spy [spay] v. sunnaade; nukkindaade. stake [steyk] ti. jaalal (tigalf, peFjgal (tigal).
spy [spay] //. fiukkindiido fb); jaasuus (o). stale [steyl] adj. ko rappi.
squab [skwab] ti. foondu (ndu)\ joocforde stalk [stak] ti. wasaango (tigo)\ gombal
(tide). (tigalf, gawTal (tigal)-, kudol (tigol).
squalid [skwalad] adj. tunwudo. stall [stol] V. fabbinde; leeltinde.
squall [skwol] v. luukde; siikde. stallion [staly0n] ti. puccu (tigu).
squander [skwanda] v. bonnude, sarde. stamina [stamin0] ti. caasgol (tigol).
square [skwer] v. yubbude. stammer [stam0] v. mehde
squash [skwas] v. monnude. stammerer [stam9r0] ti. mehoowo (o).
squat [skwat] v. soppinaade; I]6mindaade; stammering [stam9rig] ti. mehgol (tigol).
I36msinde; ramde. stamp [stamp] ti. tembere (tide).
squat [skwat] ti. soppunde (tide). stampede [stampiyd] v. dogde.
squatter [skwata] ti. coppiniicfo (o). stamper [stamp0] ti. unugal (tigal).
squaw [skwo] ti. debbo (o). stance [stans] ti. damde (tide).
squawk [skwok] v. siikde, luukde. stand [stand] v. daraade. make ~ damude.
squeak [skwiyk] v. siikde ~ erect again turtaade. ~ over tiimde.
squeak [skwiyk] ti. siikaango (ngo). standard [stand9d] adj. ko woni laawol.
squeal [skwiyl] ti. siikaango (ngo)\ standee [standiy] ti. dariido (o).
wulaango (ngo). standing [standig] ti. darnde (tide)-, damgo
squeamish [skwiymas] adj. nefcfo; (tJgo).
nefoowo. staple [steyp9l] v. rendinde.
suueeze [skwiyz] v. hamXude; himTude, stapler [steypl0] ti. dendinoowo; ko
Dicfde; bittude; tamsindaade; hamde.
rendinta.
saueezed [skwiyzd] (adj) bittaado; star [sta] ti. hoodere (tide).
Didaado.
stare [ster] v. laarde.
squelch [skwels] v. monnude,
stare [ster] ti. Teewki (ki)
squint [skwint] v. lettidde.
start [stat] V. fliddaade, tuggude. ~ over
squint-eyed [skwintayd] adj. letto (o).
fudditaade. ~ a pregnancy fewde. ~ with
squirrel [skw9r0l] ti. jihre (tide)'., dollundu idoraade. ~ cooking sagginde.
(tidu)
starter [stat9] ti. puddoowo (o).
squirt [skw0rt] v. yuppude; yuppaade.
startle [stat0l] v. hulbinde.
stab [stab] v. nibde; yiwde.
starvation [staveys9n] ti. heege (tige).
stability [st0bil0ti] ti. deeTre (tide).
starve [stOv] v. heegeede.

248
stash
stash [stas] v. mooftude.
state [steyt] v. wiide, haalde.
state [steyt] «. tagoodi (ndi)\ leydi (ndi).
statement [steytmant] n. haala (ka)\ kongol
(ngol).
static [statik] adj. ko deeTi.
stationary [steys0nri] adj. ko deeTi.
stattering [statarii)] n. mehgol (ngol).
stature [stoca] n. tooweendi (ndi).
statute [stacuwt] n. yamiroore (nde)\
laawol (ngol).
stay [stey] v. heddaade. ~ home a lot
ufaade. ~ long duumde; niibde.
stead [sted] n. nokku (o).
steady [stedi] adj. ko deeTi.
steak [steyk] n. hettere teew.
steal [stiyl] v. wujjude; beeynaade.
stealer [stiyla] n. gujjo (o).
stealing [stiylig] n. nguyka (ka).
steam [stiym] v. suurtinde.
steam [stiym] n. cuurki (ki). let off ~
yaltinde ko woni e bernde mum.
steamboat [stiym] n. laana cuurki.
steamed [stiymd] adj. cuurtinaacfum, ko
suurtinaa. ~ millet dakkiri (ndi). he ~
suurtude.
steaming [stiymig] n. cuurtingol (ngol). ~
pot meltirde. ~ utensil yulnde (nde).
steamy [stiymi] adj. ko suurki.
steed [stiyd] n. puccu (ngu).
steek [stiyk] v. nootde; rendinde.
steel [stiyl] n. njamndi (ndi). -proof ko tuli;
tulcfo. he -proof tulde.
steep [stiyp] adj. ko toowi/tiicfi (coggu).
steeplechase [stiypalceyz] n. dandu pucci.
steer [stiya] v. awTude; kondirde; dognude.
stem [stem] v. hacfde; dartinde.
step [step] n. teppere (nde). -father
bappaano (o). -brother keyniraacfo gorko.
~ sister keyniraacfo debbo.
stepladder [steplada] n. seel (o).
sterile [staril] adj. rimare, dimaro.
sternum [starnAm] n. domdomal (ngal).
sternutation [starnyateysan] n. islaango
(ngo).
stew [stuw] V. defde.
steward [stuwad] n. carwoowo e nder
ndiwoowa.
249
storage
stick [stik] V. bakkude, takkude.
stick [stik] n. sawru (ndu)\ weduru (ndu)\
leggal (ngal). little - cawel (ngel)\ leggel
(ngd). hig - booldu (ndu)\ dokkeeru
(ndu)\ leggere (nde) sticky [stiki] adj. ko
takkotoo, ko bakkotoo.
stiff [stif] adj. jacfcfucfum, ko jacfcfi. he -
jacfdude.
stiffen [stifan] v. jacfcfinde.
stifle [stayfal] v. warde (hacfde foofaango).
still [stil] adj. deeTcfo.
sting [stig] V. ficfde.
stinger [stiga] n. huunde ficfoore.
stingy [stinji] adj. tiicfcfo jungo.
stink [stii]ki] v. luubde. -ing smell luubol
(ngol), luubgol (ngol)
stipend [staypend] n. njobdi (ndi).
stir [star] v. iirtude. ~ milk wurwude.
stirk [stark] n. gayel (ngel).
stirring [starip] n. iirtugol (ngol).
stirrup [stirAp] n. alkabeere (nde).
stitch [stic] V. nootde.
stitching [sticig] n. nootgol (ngdl)\ nootol
(ngol).
stock [stok] V. resde; jonde.
Stocker [stoka] n. jonoowo (o).
stocking [stokip] n. kawasal juutngal.
stodge [stoj] V. hebbinde.
stodge [stoj] n. fiamri (ndi).
stoke [stowk] v. hubbude, duntude.
stoker [stowka] n. duntoowo (o).
stomach [stomak] n. fulkuru (ndu)', reedu
(ndu).
stone [stown] n. haayre (nde), aaludere
(nde). fruit - hewre (nde). ruhhing -
oogoore (nde).
stone [stown] v. werlaade kaaTe.
stony [stowni] adj. ko heewi kaaTe, nokku
kaaTe.
stool [stuwl] n. acfcfere (nde), kuudi (ndi).
stoop [stuwp] V. junaade.
stop [stop] V. surde, hacfde; joofde; suraade,
daraade. Taal]de.
stoppage [stopij] n. daragol (ngol).
stopper [stopa] n. dartinoowo (o).
stopping [stopip] n. darnde (nde).
storage [stowrij] n. jongol (ngdl)\
mooftugol (ngol), water - mbalka (ka).
store
store [stowr] v. jonde; resde; mooftude;
faggaade.
store [stowr] /?. bitik (o).
stork [stok] n. ginal (ngal).
storm [stom] //. Tiiwoonde (nde).
stormy [stOmi] adj. ko Tiiwi.
story [stori] n. mahol (figol)', tindol (ngol).
stound [stawnd] n. sahaa dabbo.
Stour [stuwr] n. jilbere (nde).
stout [stawt] adj. butto. he ~ butticfde;
balnude.
stove [stowv] n. fliurna (o)\ haatande (nde).
straddle [stradal] v. wacfcfaade, sarde
koycfe.
straggle [stragal] v. selde.
straight [streyt] adj. pooTtiicfo. be ~
feewde; fortaade; fooTtaade. a ~ road
laawol pooYtingol.
straighten [streytan] v. fooctude,
feewtinde; oontude; fortude.
strain [streyn] v. siiwtude; siiwde,
siimtinde, siimtude; teeI3nude.
strained [streynd] adj. ko siiwaa; ko
siiwtaa.
strainer [streyna] n. yulnde (nde)', siiwtirde
(nde).
strait [streyt] adj. laawol paacfngol,
paacfcfo; ko faacfi.
stranded [strandad] adj. toobcfo. be ~
toobde; lafjde; loggaade.
strange [streynj] adj. ko haawnii.
stranger [streynja] n. kocfo (o).
strangle [strapgal] n. cfecfcfugol (ngol).
strangle [strapgal] v. cfecfcfude.
strap [strap] n. boggol (ngdl).
stratagem [stratajam] n. feere (nde).
strategic [stratiyjik] adj. ko faati e feere.
strategy [strata]!] n. feere (nde).
stratification n. pawondiral (ngal).
stratify [stratafay] v. fawondirde.
stratocracy [stratakrasi] n. laamu
soldateebe.
stratus [stratas] n. duule (de).
straw [stro] n. kucfol (ngdl)
stray [strey] v. majjude.
streak [striyk] n. majaango (ngo).
stream [striym] n. ilol (ngdl)', caacfngol
(ngdl).
streek [striyk] v. fooTtaade.
250
stubborn
street [striyt] n. mbedda (o)', laawol (ngdl).
strength [strep0] n. doole (cfe); tiicfgol
(ngdl).
strengthen [strepGan] v. tiicfnude.
strenuous [strenyuwas] adj. cembincfo;
caascfo.
stress [stres] v. sembinde; tiicftinde.
stretch [strec] v. naacfaade, jatde, sertaade;
fooTtaade. ~ out fortude. ~ oneself
naacfaade; fooTtaade.
stretcher [streca] n. balankaar (o).
stretching [strecip] n. naacfagol (ngdl).
strew [struw] v. sarde.
stricken [strikan] adj. barmucfo; gaaniicfo,
gaanaacfo.
strict [strikt] adj. pooTtiicfo.
strictly [striktli] adv. ko faati e pooTtagol.
stride [strayd] v. taabaade.
strife [strayf] n. hare (nde)', luural (ngal).
strike [strayk] v. tappude, fiide. ~ with the
foot latde. ~ hack fiitaade. ~ with lappirde;
fiirude.
strike [strayk] n. gero (o).
string [strip] n. gaarawol (ngdl). ~ of waist
beads galol (ngdl). ~ of heads gowol
(ngdl).
strip [strip] v. sirde. ~ off sirde, bolde.
strip [strip] n. siro (ko). ~ of cloth lefol
(ngdl). ~ of dried meat ceelol (ngdl)
stripe [strayp] n. fantere (nde).
stripped [stript] adj. bolo; bolcfucfo.
stripper [stripa] n.gamoowo (o)', ciroowo
(o).
strive [strayv] v. tiicfnaade.
stroam [strowm] v. yahnaade.
stroke [strowk] n. womre (nde).
stroll [strol] V. yahnaade.
strong [strop] adj. cembincfo; tiicfcfum. be
~ tekkude; tiicfde; semmbinde; secfcfaade.
structural [strAkcaral] adj. ko faati e
tagoodi.
structure [strAkca] n. tagoodi (ndi)', mahdi
(ndi)', mbaadi (ndi).
struggle [strAgal] n. hare (nde).
stub [stAb] n. jullaare (nde).
stubble [stAbal] n. jullaare (nde).
stubborn [stAban] adj. I]atcfo. be ~ fjatde;
sandolicfde.
stuck suffer

stuck [stAk] adj. bakkicfum; ko bakkii. be ~

subside [sAbsayd] v. debbude; bappinaade;
cfakkaade, bakkaade. be ~ in the mud ustaade.
lofaade. subsidy [sAbz0di] n. ballal (ngal).
stud [stAd] n. Tuulde (nde). subsist [sAbzist] v. wuurde; woorde.
student [styuwdant] n. almuudo (o)\ fosin subsistence [sAbzist0ns] n. nguura (ka).
(o). substance [sAbst0ns] n. qiimaa (o).
studious [styuwjas] adj. toppitiicfo jangde.
substantial [sAbst0ns0l] adj. keewcfum.
study [stAdi] v. jangude.
substantiate [sAbst0nseyt] v. teel^tinde.
stuffy [stAfi] adj. ko urki. be ~ urkude.
substitute [sAbst0tyuwt] v. lomtinde;
stumble [stAmbal] v. allaade, fergitaade, lomtaade.
farfitde; felmaade. substitute [sAbst0tyuwt] n. lomto (o).
stump [stAmp] n. jullaare (nde).
subsume [sAbsyuwm] v. naatnude e.
stumpy [stAmpi] adj. ko heewi jullaaje.
subtract [sAbtrakt] v. ittude e, ustude.
stun [stAn] V. bompilde. subtraction [sAbtraks0n] n. ustugol (ngdl).
stunt [stAnt] V. hacfde, leeltinde. subvene [sAbviyn] v. wallude.
stupefaction [styuwp0faks8n] n. kaawis subvention [sAbvens0n] n. ballal (ngal).
(o).
subvert [sAbv0rt] v. yandinde, bonnude.
stupefy [stuwp0fay] v. haawde.
succeed [sAksiyd] v. lomtaade; rewde;
stupid [styuwpid] adj. cfaaycfo. be ~ bamtaade; arwude.
cfaayde; weemde; muddicfde; hawjude.
success [sAkses] n. bamtaare (nde). We
stupidity [styuwpiditi] n. cfaayre (nde)', wish you success Yo Alla newnu.
muddidgol (ngdl).
successful [sAksesf0l] adj. arwucfo. be ~
sturdy [st0rdi] adj. cembincfo.
bamtaade; yumtude.
Sturt [st0rt] V. habde; dukde. succession [sAkses0n] n. deggondiral
stutter [stAt0] V. mehde. (ngal)', dewondiral (ngal).
stutterer [stAt0r0] n. mehoowo (o). successive [sAks0siv] adj. ko faati e
style [stayl] n. mbaadi (ndi). dewondiral walla deggondiral.
suasion [sweys0n] n. waajuya (o). successor [sAks0s0] n. lomto (o).
suave [sweyv] adj. belcfo; belcfo TiiTam. succint [sAksint] adj. jubbucfum; ko yubbi.
sub [sh\j\pref. les. -Sahara les Sahara, />e~Tubbude, rabbicfinaade.
subaltern [s0bolt0rn] adj. jiimaacfo. succor [sAk0] n. ballal (ngal).
subdivide [sAbd0vayd] v. feccitaade. succulent [sAkyuwl0nt] adj. belcfum.
subdivision [sAbd0viy30n] n. peccitaagol succumb [sAkAm] v. fooleede; wareede.
(ngdl). suck [sAk] V. muynude; buucaade; murde.
subdue [sAbdyuw] v. foolde. make someone ~ muyninde. ~ before the
cow is milked hoontude. ~ someone dry
subdued [sAbdyuwd] adj. poolaacfo.
ficfcfinde necfcfo.
subject [sAbjekt] v. jiimde.
sucker [sAk0] n. ciibotoocfo; buucotoocfo.
subjugate [sAbj0geyt] v. foolde.
sucking [sAkig] n. muynugol (ngdl).
submarine [sAbm0rin] n. laana (ka). prevent a calf from ~ daaTde.
submerge [sAbm0rj] v. mutnude. suckle [sAk0l] v. muyninde.
submission [sAbmiys0n] n. cfowtaare (nde).
suction [sAks0n] n. ciibagol (ngdl)',
submissive [sAbmisiv] adj. cfowtiicfo. buucagol (ngdl).
submit [sAbmit] v. hollude, nawtude; sudatory [suwd0t0ri] adj. ko faati e
tottude. warneende.
subordinate [sAbord0n0t] v. jiimde. sudorific [suwd0r0fik] adj. ko warninta.
subrogate [sAbr0geyt] v. lomtinde. sue [suw] V. wullitaade.
subscription [sAbskripc0n] n. piye (de). suet [suwit] n. bellere (nde).
suffer [sAf0] V. metteede; muuseede.

251
suffering surrender

suffering [sAfrig] /?. muuseeki (ki)\ mettere superiority [suwpiyryowr0ti] n. bural

(tide). (ngal).
suffice [sAfays] v. yonde. superlative [suwp0rl0tiv] adj. burcfo fof
sufficient [sAfiys0nt] adj. ko yoni. supernal [syuwp0m0l] adj. ko faati e
suffrage [sAfrij] ti. woote (o). aljanna.
sugar [sug0] n. suukara (o). lump of ~ superpose [suwp0powz] v. fawndirde.
boodde suukara supersede [suwp0siyd] v. lomtaade;
sugarcane [sug0] n. gawTal suukara. burtaade.
suggest [sAjest] v. hollude miijo mum. superstition [syuwp0stiys0n] n. wocfa (o).
suggestion [sAjes0n] n. miijo. superstitious [syuwp0stiys0s] adj. ko faati
suicidal [swiysayd0l] adj. ko faati e bartgol. e wocfa.
suicide [swiysayd] v. wartaade. supervise [syuwp0vayz] v. reende;
wombude.
suicide [swiysayd] n. bartagol (tigol).
supervisor [syuwp0vayz0] n. deenoowo
suit [suwt] n. comci jahducfi. (o)\ toppitiirfo (o).
suit [suwt] V. hawrande. supine [suwpayn] adj. gajjiicfo.
suitable [swut0b0l] adj. ko foti. supper [sAp0] n. hiraande (tide).
sulk [sAlk] V. tikkude. supplant [sAplant] v. lomtaade.
sulky [sAlki] adj. nuggaro. supplement [sApl0m0nt] v. beydude.
sullen [sAl0n] adj. tumminiicfo. supplicate [sApl0keyt] v. naagaade.
sully [sAli] V. moddinde. supplication [sApl0keys0n] ti. naagunde
sum [sAm] V. rendinde. (tide).
summer [sAm0] ti. ceecfu (tigu). supply [sAplay] v. tottude; rokkude.
summit [sAmit] n. jubudu (tidu)\ deental support [sApot] V. tuggorde (tide)\ wallude;
(ngal). munde.
summon [sAm0n] v. yamirde; noddude. supporter [sApOt0] ti. balloowo (o).
sumo [suwmo] n. sippiro (tigo). suppose [sApowz] V. sikkude.
sun [sAn] n. naange (nge). The sun is high
supposition [sApowziys0n] ti. sikke (o).
Naange nge nawlii. The sun is up Naange suppress [sApres] v. noTTude.
nge flicfii. The sun is down Naange nge
mutii.
suppurate [sAp0reyt] v. worcfinde.
sunbathe [sAnbeyG] v. saacfnaade. supreme [s0priym] adj. burcfo fof
Sunday [sAndi] n. dimaas (o)', alet (o). surcharge [s0rcaj] v. burtinde.
sunder [sAnd0] v. seemdude. sure [suwr] adj. ko hoolnii; koolniicfo,
koolaacfo. be ~ siirde; hoolaade;
sundown [sAndawn] /?. mutal naange. yananeede. Are you sure Acfa yananaa?
sunray [sAnrey] n. sereendu (ndu). surge [s0rj] v. ummaade.
sunrise [sAnrayz] //. pucfal naange. surgeon [s0rj0n] ti. oppiroowo (o).
sunset [sAnset] mutal (ngal). surgery [s0rjri] ti. oppeere (o).
super [syuwp0] adv. dow. surmise [s0rmayz] v. sikkude.
superb [syuwp0rb] adj. ko yubbi, ko surname [s0meym] ti. sowoore (tide), inde
hawri. (tide).
superficial [syuwp0fiys0l] adj. ko woni surpass [s0rpas] v. burde. ~ again
dow, ko luggicfaani. burtaade.
superfluous [syuwp0fluw0s] adj. surplus [s0rpl0s] ti. ko burti.
burtucfum.
surprise [s0rprayz] v. bettude.
superimpose [syuwp0rimpowz] v.
fawndirde.
surprise [s0rprayz] ti. bettugol (tigol)-,
haawngo (tigo).
superior flJ/. [suwpiyry0] burcfo.
surrender [sArend0] v. jebbilaade.

252
surround
surround [sarawnd] v. huurde; taaraade,
taamude; firlude.
surrounded [s0rawndid] adj. ko taaraa.
surrounding [sarawndi^] n. sara.
surveillance [s8rveyl0ns] u. deengol (ngol).
surveillant [s0rveyl0nt] n. deenoowo (o).
survive [s0rvayv] v. wuurde.
survivor [s0rvayv0] n. guurcfo (oj.
suspect [sAspekt v. sikkitaade; hoolkisaade,
jiWcude; tuumde. ~ one another
jikkondirde.
suspend [sAspend] v. liggude.
suspicion [sAspiys0n] ii. tuumre (nde),
tuumal (ngal).
suspicious [sAspiys0s] koolkisiicfo.
sustain [sAsteyn] v. namminde; wuurnude.
sustenance [sAstanans] n. nguura.
susurrant [suwsarant] n. nuumbiicfo,
nuumbotoocfo.
susurration [swusareysan] n. nuumbagol.
suture [suwca] v. rendinde; nootde.
svelte [svelt] adj. cewcfo.
swaddle [swadal] v. soomde.
swag [swag] v. wujjude, honde.
swagger [swaga] v. mawnikinaade.
swain [sweyn] u. suka (o)\ gaynaako (o).
swallow [swalaw] v. tocfcfaade, mocfde. ~
without cheyving mookaade.
swallowing [swalawip] n. mocfgol (ngol).
swamp [swamp] v. heewde.
swap [swap] v. wostaade.
swat [swat] v. fiide.
swathe [swey9] v. soomde.
sway [swey] v. dillude.
swear [swer] v. waatde; woonde.
sweat[swet] v. waaTde; warnude; owlude.
sweat [swet] n. warneende (nde)', waaTo
(ngo), olowere (nde).
sweater [sweta] n. piliweer (o).
sweep [swiyp] v. fittude.
sweeper [swiypa] n. pittoowo (o).
sweeping [swiypip] n. pittugol (ngol).
sweet [swiyt] adj. belcfo, cafcfo. he ~ welde.
253
systematic
sweeten [swiytan] v. welnude, safnude.
sweets [swiyts] n. tangal.
swell [swel] v. cfuulnude; buutde; Tuufde. ~
out buuteede.
swelling [swelip] n. buutdi (ndi), cfuulde.
swerve [swarv] v. selde.
swift [swift] adj. jaawcfo.
swig [swig] n. woobre (nde).
swill [swil] V. lawTude.
swim [swim] v. lummbaade; yinaade;
wuulaade; yiraade; feeraade. ~ fast
siirtaade. ~ against the tide roontaade
waraango.
swimming [swimip] n. lumbagol (ngdl)\
lumbayru (ndu).
swindle [swindal] v. wujjude.
swine [swayn] n. rawaandu (ndu).
swing [swig] v. sayyaade; jayde.
swirl [swarl] n. yiriinde (nde).
swirl [swarl] v. yiileede; yiilde.
switch [swic] V. nifde; hubbude. ~ the light
on hubbude lampa. ~ the light off nifde
lampa.
swith [swid] v. yaawnaade, henaade.
swizzle [swizal] v. wurwude.
swollen [swolan] adj. buutcfum, ko buuti. ~
testicles wuuko (ngo). ~ glands below
cheekbones leeke (de).
swoon [swuwn] v. facfcfaade.
sword [sod] n. silaama (ka).
sympathize [simpa0ayz] v. rendude.
symptom [simptam] n. maale (de).
syncretize [sinkratayz] v. etaade rendinde.
syndicate [sindakeyt] n. fedde (nde).
synonymous [sinownamas] adj. ko nandi
maanaa.
syntactic [sintaktik] adj. ko faati e celluka.
syntax [sintaks] n. celluka (ka).
syrup [sirAp] n. siro (o).
system [systam] n. feere (nde).
systematic [systamatik] adj. ko faati e
feere.
tab
tab [tab] v. nikkude.
tabby [tabi] u. ullundu (ndu).
table [teyb0l] n. taabal (ngal).
tableau [table] /?. natal (ngal).
tablet [tablet] n. focfcfere (nde). wooden ~
alluwal (ngal).
taboo [tabu] n. wocfa (o).
tabor [tabo] n. baggd (ngel); mbaggu
(fJg^O-
tabouret [tabure] n. joocforde (nde).
tacit [tasit] adj. deeYcfo; ko deeYi.
taciturn [tas0t0rn] adj. nuggaro; deeYcfo.
tack [tak] v. beydude.
tackle [tak0l] v. yandinde; naatondirde.
tacky [taki] adj. ko bakolini.
tact [takt] n. teeyre (nde).
tactful [taktf0l] adj. teeycfo.
tactile [taktayl] adj. ko faati e memgol.
taction [taks0n] n. memgol (ngdl).
taenia [tenya] n. saan (o).
tail [teyl] n. laaci (ki). reptile ~ dorlol
(ngdl). turn ~ dogde.
tailor [teyl0] n. jokkoowo (o); nootoowo
(o): tayoor (o).
taint [teynt] v. ufde; bonde.
take [teyk] v. Tettude, bamde. ~ a large
handful of baaftude. ~ across the water
lumbinde. ~ one's foot off the ground
yabbitde. ~ out for ittande. ~ out
soortude; lokkitde. ~ honey from a hive
jumde. ~ away by force teetde. ~ the oath
woonde.
tale [teyl] n. tindol (ngdl)', taalol (ngdl). tell
a ~ tindude.
talent [tal0nt] n. mbaawka (ka).
talented [tal0nted] adj. baawcfo.
talebearer [teyltel0] n. tindoowo (o).
talisman [tal0sm0n] n. nawndogal; talkuru
(ndu).
talk [tok] n. kongol (ngdl)', bolle (de).
indirect ~ mallol (ngdl) She is all talk O
waawi tan ko haalde.
talk [tok] V. haalde; wiide. ~ hack sontaade.
~ indirectly about someone mallude. ~
with lebdude/haaldude e. ~ behind
someone's hack nohde. ~ too much lebde.
254
tassel
talkative [tok0tiv] adj. leboowo; keewcfo
haala. be ~ lemsude.
tall [tol] adj. juutcfo; toowcfo. be ~ juutde;
toowde.
tallow [tal0w] n. bellere (nde).
talon [tal0n] n. takkere (nde).
tamarind [tam0rind] n. yabbere (nde):
jabbi (ki).
tame [teym] v. edtude
tameness [teymnes] n. eeltugol (ngdl).
tamer [teym0] n. eeltoowo (o).
taming [teymig] n. eelto (ngo).
tamper [tamp0] v. waylude.
tan [tan] v. nobbude; cfatde
tandem [tand0m] adj. ko reggondiri, ko
rewondiri.
tangent [tanj0nt] adj. ko memondiri; ko
memondirta.
tangerine [tanj0rin] n. mandarin; soraas (o).
tangible [tanj0b0l] adj. ko memotoo.
tangle [tang0l] v. jikde; jikondirde.
tannage [tanij] n. nobbugol (ngdl).
tanner [tan0] n. noobboowo (o).
tannery [tanri] n. nobbirde (nde).
tanning [tanig] n. cfatgol (ngdl).
tantamount [tant0mawnt] adj. ko foti; ko
wayi.
tap [tap] V. hongude; fel]de.
tap [tap] n. robine (o).
tape [teyp] n. banda (o).
tape [teyp] v. nangude banda.
tar [tar] n. godoron (o).
tardy [tadi] adj. leelcfo.
tare [ter] n. teddeendi (ndi)
target [toget] n. muuya (o). hit the ~ ficfde.
tariff [tarif] n. njobdi duwaan.
tarnish [tOnis] v. moddinde; bonnude.
tarry [tari] v. heddaade.
tart [tat] adj. ko lammi; lammucfum.
tartar [tat0] n. tuundi niiYe.
task [task] v. waawnude.
task [task] n. gollal (ngal) It is your task
efum ko gollal maa.
tassel [tas0l] n. jombo (ko)', kammonjawo
(o).
tassel
tassel [tas0l] n. jombinde
taste [teyst] v. meecfde; lobbaade.
taste [teyst] n. meecfgol (ngdl) It has no
taste Ina soofi.
tasteful [teystfal] adj. ko weli; ko dakmi.
tasteless [teystles] adj. tekum;
coofcfum. be ~ soofde.
taster [teysta] n. meecfoowo (o).
tasty [teysti] adj. belcfum; cafcfum. make ~
safnude. be ~ safde; dakmude, welde.
tatter [tata] n. ceeltol (ngdl).
tattered [tatad] adj. ceekicfum. be ~ seerde;
seekaade.
tattle [tatal] v. saaktude simi.
tattler [tatla] n. caaktoowo sirru.
tattoo [tatuw] v. finaade. ~ someone*s lips
tuppude.
tattoo [tatuw] n. fino (ngo).
tattooer [tatuwa] n. tuppoowo (o).
taunt [tOnt] v. jalkitde.
taurus [tOras] n. bujiri (ndi).
tavern [tavan] n. nokku cfo sangara
yeeyetee.
tax [taks] n. kubbal (ngal)\ alamaan (o).
taxation [takseysan] n. alamaan (o); kubbal
(ngal).
taxi [taksi] n. taksi (o) Let us take a taxi
Njolen e taksi.
taxidermy [taksadeimi] n. sokkinne (o).
tea [tiy] n. ataaye (o). ~ cup taasa/kaas
attaye. ~ kettle satalla (ka).
teach [tiyc] v. janginde; andinde; ekkinde It
will teach him a lesson Ma dum wonan
mo finnde.
teachable [tiycabal] adj. ko jangintoo.
teacher [tiyca] n. ceerno (o): janginoowo
(o).
teaching [tiyciig] n. jangingol (ngdl).
teak [tiyk] lekki (ki)', leggal (ngal).
team [tiym] n. fedde (nde).
teapot [tiypot] n. berraada (nde); kurkur
(o).
tear [ter] v. seekde.
tear [tiya] n. gongol (ngdl). shed a ~
woyde.
tease [tiyz] v. yanaade; gaajaade.
teaser [tiyza] n. janotoocfo (o).
technical [teknakal] adj. ko faati e
karallaagal.
255
ten
technician [tekniysan] n. karallo (o).
technique [tekniyk] n. feere (nde).
technological [teknalowjakal] adj. ko faati
e mbaylaandi.
technology [teknaloji] n. mbaylaandi (ndi).
tectonic [tektanik] adj. ko faati e mahdi.
tectonics [tektaniks] n. jangde mahdi.
ted [ted] v. yomude.
tedious [tiyjas] adj. ko tampini.
tedium [tiyjam] n. tampere.
tee [tiy] n. alkulal (ngal).
teem [tiym] v. jibinde; heewde, duudde.
teenager [tiyneyja] n. surga (o).
teeth [tiy0] n. niiYe (de). remove one*s ~
solde niiYe mum.
teethe [tiyd] v. fiidde niiYe.
teg [teg] n. mbortu (nga).
tegmen [tegman] n. nguru (ngu).
tegument [tegyuwmant] n. nguru (ngu).
telecast [telakast] v. habrirde telewisot].
telecommunication n. jangde kabrondiral.
telegram [telagram] n. telegaraam (o)
Send him a telegram Neldu mo
telegaraam.
telephone [telafown] n telefol] (o).
telescope [telaskowp] n. longorde (de).
telescopic [telaskowpik] adj. ko faati e
longorde.
television [telaviy3an] n. telewisor](o).
watch the ~ Teewde televisog.
tell [tel] V. wiide; haalande. ~ lies fende;
riimde. ~ a person's genealogy askinde. ~
stories tindude; daarde. ~ one's own
genealogy askitinaade.
teller [tela] n. kaaloowo (o).
temperament [temparamant] n. jikku (o).
temperate [temprat] adj. ko hakindii.
temperature [tempaca] n. nguleeki (ki)-,
buubol (ngdl).
tempest [tempast] n. hendu mawndu
doolnundu.
temporal [temparal] adj. ko faati e
mudda/sahaa.
temporary [temparari] adj. ko duumaaki.
tempt [tempt] v. jarribaade I was tempted
by the looks Mi jarriba.
temptation [tempteysan] n. jarabi (o).
ten [ten] sappo. ~ hooks defte sappo. ~
capande (de).
tenable
tenable [tanabal] adj. ko jaggotoo.
tenacious [t9neys9s] adj. 13atcfo.
tenant [ten9nt] n. kocfcfo e nokku janano.
tend [tend] v. moccude.
tender [tend9] adj. ko waggicfi.
tenebrous [ten9br9s] adj. ko nibbicfi.
tenet [tenet] n. miijo (ngo).
tense [tens] adj. ko l]eeri.
tent [tent] n. tilliisa (o).
tentative [tent9tiv] adj. ko faati e etagol.
tenth [tenG] sappabo (o).
tergiversate [t9rj9v9seyt] v. waylude miijo
mum.
term rt9rm] n. mudda (o); happu (o):
konj )1 (figol). be in good ~ with
nano dirde; faamondirde.
termii ate [t9rm9neyt] v. gasnude; haljitde.
termir ation [t9rm9neys9n] n. kaljitgol
(figol •
terrain alogy [t9rm9nowl9ji] n. kongucfi.
terminus [t9rm9n9s] n. haacfirde (nde).
termite [t9rmayt] ti. mooyu (tign).
ternary [t9rn9ri] adj. ko faati e tati.
terrene [t9riyn] adj. ko faati e aduna.
terrestrial [t9restry9l] adj. ko faati e leydi.
terrible [ter9b9l] adj. ko hulbinii; ko boni.
terrify [ter9fay] v. hulbinde; weftilde.
territory [ter9t9ri] n. leydi (ridi).
terror [ter9] ti. kulol (ngol).
terrorize [ter9rayz] v. hulbinde; weftilde.
tertiary [t9rs9ri] adj. tatabo; ko faati e tati.
test [test] V. jarribaade ~ someone’s
patience Yeewde cfo munal necfcfo haacfi.
testament [test9m9nt] n. wasiya (o);
wasiya ndonu.
testicle [test9k9l] //. bottere (tide).
testify [test9fay] v. jal]taade, seedaade
testimony [test9m9ni] ti. jal3tag61 (tigol).
testy [testi] adj. muhtoridcfo.
tetanus [tet9n9s] //. tetaanoos.
tete-a-tete [tetatet] adj. hakkunde yimbe
cficfo.
tether [ted9] v. habbude, tongude.
tetra- [tetr9] pref. nay.
text [tekst] n. windande (tide).
textile [tekstayl] ti. bagi (o).
textual [teksc9l] adj. ko faati e windande.
256
thigh
texture [teksc9] ti. canu (ngn).
thank [Gagk] v. jaarde. -you a jaaraama; a
yettaama; albarka. ~ God Alla jaaraama;
njetten Alla. ~s to him Alla e makko.
thankful [0agkf9l] adj. jettucfo. I am
thankful to you Mbecfe yettu maa / Mi
yettii ma.
that [5at] det. oon; oya. ~ one oocfaa; oya.
thatch [Gate] v. tibde; huurde; muurde.
thaw [Go] V. saayde.
the [59] det. cfam; hon; ba; cfi; ki, cfe; kal;
ka, o, ba.
theater [Giy9t9] ti. tiyaataar (o).
theatrical [Giy9trik9l] adj. ko faati e
tiyaataar.
theft [Geft] ti. nguyka (ka).
their [der] proti. mumen; mabbe, ko
mabbe.
theirs [5erz] proti. mabbe; ko mabbe.
them [dem] proti. kambe.
themselves [6emselvz] proti. kambe
koyemabbe.
then [den] ad\>. hanti; ndeen.
theoretical [Giytr9k9l] adj. ko faati e
miijo/miijooji.
theory [Giyri] ti. miijo (tigo), miijooji (cfi).
therapeutic [Ger9pyuwtik] adj. ko faati e
safaara.
there [der] adv. to; cfoon; toon; cfaa.
therefore [derfowr] adv. efum noon,
thereupon [derApon] adv. efum noon,
thermal [G9rm9l] adj. ko faati e nguleeki.
thermos [G9rm9s] ti. termos (o).
thesaurus [Ges9r9s] ti. saggitorde (tide).
these [diyz] det. cfii; kon.
thesis [Giysiz] ti. miijo (tigo).
theta [Get9] ti. alkulal (tigal).
they [dey] pr. be; kamen; kambe.
thick [Gik] adj. tekkucfum; modducfum. he
- moddude; tekkude.
thicken [Gik9n] v. moddinde. ~ sauce by
adding flour toorde.
thicket [Gik9t] ti. dundu (tidu).
thickness [Giknes] ti. moddugol (tigol).
thief [Giyf] ti. gujjo (o) You are a thief Aan
ko a gujjo.
thieve [Giyv] v. wujjude.
thigh [Gay] ti. bubal (tigal)-, asangal (tigal).
thin
thin [Gin] adj. 1) cewcfo 2) ko wosii;
gosiicfo. be ~ sewde, wosaade. a ~ person
cewcfo (o).
thing [Gig] n. huunde (nde). some- huunde
(tide).
think [Gigk] v. miijaade; sikkude.
thinkable [Gigk0b0l] adj. ko ina miijee.
thinker [Gigk0] ti. miijotoocfo (o).
third [G0rd] ord. tatabo.
thirl [G0rl] v. yulde.
thirst [G0rst] n. cfomka (ka)-, cfomcfugol
(tigol).
thirsty [G0rsti] adj. cfomcfucfo. he
cfomcfude.
thirteen [G0rtiyn] mmi. sappo e tati.
thirty [G0rti] num. capancfe tati.
this [dis] del. oo; kii; ndii; baa.
thong [Gog] n. ceeltol (tigdl).
thoracic [Gor0sik] adj. ko faati e becce.
thorax [Goraks] n. becce (cfe).
thorn [Gom] ti. giyal (ngal)\ hebbere (tide);
tuppere (tide).
thorough [Gor0] adj. ko timmi; ko
hubtodini.
those [6owz] det. beya; cfiin, cfiya.
thought [Got] ti. miijo (tigo), sikke (o) a
penny for your ~s hoi ko miijoto cfaa.
thoughtful [Gotf0l] adj. miijotoocfo.
thoughtless [Gotles] adj. mo heewaani
miijo.
thousand [Gawz0nd] ti. wuluure (tide);
ujunere (tide).
thrall [Grol] ti. maccuCfo.
thrash [Gras] v. lappude, foolde.
thrasher [Gras] ti. poolcfo.
thread [Gred] v. wuurtude.
thread [Gred] ti. gaarawol (tigol)', motto
(figo).
threat [Gret] ti. baabagol (tigol).
threaten [Gret0n] v. gijaade; giddude, tight [tayt] adj. l^eercfum, teel]cfum. he -
baabaade, bagde.
threatener [Gret0n0] ti. gijotoocfo.
three [Griy] tiurti. tati.
threefold [Griyfowld] adj. laabi tati.
thresh [Gres] v. sampaade; lappude gawri.
thrift [Grift] /?. nganaari (tidi).
thrill [Gril] v. sinnude.
thriller [Gril0] ti. cinnoowo (o).
time
thrive [Grayv] v. bamtaade; Yellitaade.
throat [Growt] ti. goddol (tigol)',
kondorobol (tigdl).
throb [Grob] v. dillude (bemde); diwde.
throne [Grown] ti. laamu (tigu) throng
[Grog] ti. deental yimbe.
throttle [Grot0l] v. cfecfcfude.
through [Gruw] prep, dow, nder.
throughout [Gruwawt] prep, nokku kala.
throw [Grow] v. werlaade, weddaade. ~ off
tuucfde. ~ down yandinde, fukkude.
thrust [GrAst] v. dunde; yiwde.
- thud [GAd] ti. dille.
thug [GAg] ti. aawase (o); saaysaaye (o);
banndi (o).
thumb [GAm] ti. fecfeendu wordu.
thump [GAmp] v. oYYude.
thunder [GAnd0] v. digaade
thunder [GAnd0] ti. digaango (tigo)',
hartaango (tigo).
thunderbolt [GAnd0rbolt] ti. kaaYel
manaango.
Thursday [G0rsdi] ti. alkamiisa (o).
thus [dAs] ad\\ noon,
thwart [Gwot] ti. luutndaade.
tibia [tiby0] ti. Yiyal korlal.
tick [tik] V. dillude.
ticket [tiket] ti. biye (o).
tickle [tik0l] v. niklude. ~ he -ish
weebeede jaleecfe.
tickler [tikl0] ti. nikloowo (o).
tidy [taydi] adj. ko reggondiri; ko feewi.
tie [tay] v. habbude; humde; sinndude. ~ in
a bundle saawde. ~ someone’s belt
dadnude. ~ one's pants duhaade. ~
around the waist dadaade, delfinde. ~
one's sarong/skirt haddaade. ~ around
the head fiilde. ~ legs up tongude.
tiger [tayg0] ti. katamaawu (tigu).
faacfeede. be very - teeI3de, I^eerde.
tighten [tayt0n] v. teel^nude; T]eernude,
bukde.
till [til] cotij. haa.
tilt [tilt] V. muurde.
timber [timb0] ti. leggal (tigal).
time [taym] ti. tuma (o); sahaa (o); mudda
(o). spend a long - ruumde a particular
-ago nandeen ~ gongol many
257
timer torts

~.v laabi keewcfi. WJtat time is it Hoi token [towk0n] ti. maale (cfe).
waktu joncfo? tolerable [tol0r0b0l] adj. ko munotoo.
timer [taym0] n. deenoowo waktu. tolerance [tol0r0ns] ti. munal (ngal).
timid [timid] adj. nuggaro (o); mo wonaa tolerant [tol0r0ns] adj. muncfo.
cakalo. tolerate [tol0reyt] v. munde.
timorous [tim8r9s] adj. beftilaacfo, toll [tol] ti. njobdi (tidi).
nuggaro.
toll [tol] V. sel^lude.
tin [tin] n. boyet njamndi.
tom [tom] wordu.
tine [tayn] v. majjude; majjireede, majjinde.
tomahawk [tom0hok] ti. jambere (tide).
tingle [tii]g8l] v. t]atde.
tomato [t0meyt0] ti. menturjeere (tide);
tinker [tii]k0] ii. basoowo (o). tamatere (tide).
tint [tint] v. bulde; noorde. tomb [turn] ti. yanaande (tide).
tiny [tayni] adj. pamarel, tokosel. tomcat [tomkat] ti. bal3baI3ru (tidu).
tip [tip] //. cebtam joofirde (tide). ~
tomfool [tomfiiwl] ti. beemcfo; puuYcfo.
top cebtam. ~ out wancinde. give a ~
tomorrow [tuwm0row] adv. jango.
rokkude carwoowo kaalis.
tongue [tAp] ti. cfemngal (tigal). hold one's
tipple [tip0l] V. yarde sangara.
~ deYYude.
tipsy [tipsi] adj. cirwucfo. fte~sirwude.
tonight [tuwnayt] ti. hande jamma.
tire [tay0] v. tampinde.
tonsil [tons0l] ti. cfakane (o).
tired [tay0d] adj. tampucfo. be ~ tampude.
be very ~ tampude; hortaade; lohde. tonsure [tons0] ti. pembugol (tigol).
too [tuw] adv. ko burti.
tiredness [tay0dnes] n. tampere (tide).
tool [tuwl] ti. liggorgal (tigal). ~for digging
tiresome [tay0sAm] adj. ko tampinta.
sombe (o) ~ for mending basirgal (ngal).
tithe [tay0] ti. asakal (tigal)\ usuru (tidu). ~ for leveling floors meldugal (tigal).
tithe [tay0] v. askude. toom [tuwm] meho.
tither [tid0] ti. askoowo (o). tooth [tuw0] ti. niire (tide), -brush
titilate [titleyt] v. niklude. coccorgal (tigal). ~ ache muusu niiYe.
title [tayt0l] ti. inde (tide), chiefs ~ joom; niire muusoore. have a sweet ~ yicfde ko
bees (o): satigi (o). fisherman's ~ weli.
jaaltaabe (o). toothless [tuw01es] adj. colcfo.
titter [tit0] v. jalde. top [top] ti. dow.
titubation [tit0beys0n] ti. daaldaalnugol. tope [towp] V. yarde.
to [tuw] prep. to. topi [towpi] ti. lella (ba).
toad [towd] ti. faaburu (tidu). topography [topowgr0fi] ti. sifaa (o).
toast [towst] V. wulnude; wultinde. topple [top0l] V. yandinde; fiiltude.
tobacco [tobako] ti. simme (o). torch [toe] ti. fooyre (tide).
tocher [toc0] ti. tel]e (de). torment [tom0nt] v. haljinde.
tod [tod] ti. betirde (tide). tormentor [tOm0nt0] ti. kaljinoowo (o).
today [tudey] ti. hande (o). torn [ton] adj. ceekiicfo, ceekicfum; ko
toddle [tod0l] v. ruudde. seekii. be ~ seekaade.
toe [tow] ti. fecfeendu koyngal. torrent [torOnt] ti. waraango (tigo).
toenail [towneyl] ti. segene fecfeendu torrential [tor8ns0l] adj. ko faati e
koyngal. waraango.
tog [tog] V. yoocfnaade. torrid [torid] adj. ko wuli.
together [tuged0] adv. ko wondi. torso [toso] ti. becce (cfe).
toil [toyl] //. liggeey (o); gollal (tigal)\ tort [tot] ti. toonange (tige).
liggaade. tortoise [totos] ti. heende (tide).
toilet [toylet] ti. firlorde (tide). torts [tots] ti. toonange; hakke.

258
tortuous
tortuous [tocuw0s] adj. ko oonii.
torture [toc0] v. lebtude.
torture [toc0] n. lebte (cfe).
toss [tos] V. werlaade. ~ and catch with the
hand tebbaade tot [tot] n. kurka (o).
total [towt0l] n. fof.
tote [towt] V. wuundaade.
totem [totem] n. sanam (o).
touch [tAc] V. memde. ~ with memirde. ~
again memtude. be in ~j6kk6ndirde. stay
in ~ jokkondirde.
touchy [tAci] n. loobcfo.
tough [tAf] adj. tiicfcfo.
toughen [tAf0n] v. tiicfnude.
tour [tuwr] v. cfannaade, yiilaade.
tourist [tuwrist] n. cfanniicfo (o); jilliicfo
(o).
tournament [t0m0m0nt] ti. kawgel (ngel).
tout [tawt] n. jaasuus (o).
tow [tow] V. sindude.
toward [tuw0d] prep, ko tiindii e.
towel [taw0l] ti. sarbet (o).
tower [taw0] ti. mahdi toowndi.
town [tawn] ti. saare (nde). small ~ gurel
(ngel). ~ crier jeeynoowo (o). Boghe is
my home town Njeyaami ko Boghe.
toxic [toksik] adj. ko faati e posone.
toy [toy] n. pijirgel (ngel),
trace [treys] v. yiitude.
trace [treys] n. diidol (ngol). ~ left by a
snake laadol (ngol). ~ left after hoing
paafal (ngal).
tracer [treys0] n. jiilotoocfo (o),
trachea [trakiy0] n. kojombol (ngol).
track [trak] n. daasol; laawol. ~ left by
scraping keefol (ngol). ~ of cattle lappol
(ngol).
traction [traks0n] n. poocfgol (ngol).
tractor [trakt0] n. sambatali (o).
trade [treyd] v. julaade.
trade [treyd] n. njeeygu (ngn); gostondiral
(ngal). ~ by barter baija (o) haacfi haacfa.
~ season teret (o). e\>eryone to his ~
necfcfo fof ko mum.
trader [treyd0] n. jeeyoowo (o); julanke
(o).
tradesman [treydsm0n] n. julanke (o); jula.
trading [treydig] n. julankaagal (ngal).
259
transient
tradition [tr0diys0n] n. aada (o); aadaaji
(CTJ).
traditional [tr0diys0n0l] adj. ko faati e
aada.
traduce [tr0dyuws] v. nohde, janfaade,
bonnitde.
traffic [trafik] adj. otooji/laacfe jahooje/ji.
tragedy [traj0di] n. bonande (nde).
tragic [trajik] adj. ko faati e bonande.
trail [treyl] v. rewde; abbaade.
train [treyn] n. laana njoomdi, otoraay (o).
train [treyn] v. nehde.
trainee [treyni] n. ekkotocfo (o).
trainer [treyn0] n. eekkinoowo (o).
training [treynig] n. ekko (ngo).
trait [treyt] n. mbaadi (ndi); sifaa (o).
traitor [treyt0] n. janfotoocfo (o).
traitorous [treyc0r0s] adj. ko faati e janfa.
trajectory [tr0jekt0ri] n. laawol (ngol).
tramp [tramp] v. yahrude koycfe; denkude
koyngal.
trample [tramp0l] v. denkude koycfe.
tranquil [tr0nkwil] adj. deeYcfo.
tranquility [tr05kwil0ti] n. deeYre (nde).
tranquilize [tr0pkw0layz] v. deeYde;
deeYnude.
transact [tranz0kt] v. haaldude,
yeeytondirde, haaldeede, yeeytondireede.
transaction [tranz0ks0n] n. kaaldigal
jeeytondiral (ngal).
transcend [transend] v. diwde, burde.
transcribe [transkrayb] v. windude.
transcription [tr0nskrips0n] n. bindol
(ngdl)\ bindugol (ngol).
transfer [transf0] v. yahde nokku gocrdo;
yuppude, eggude.
transfigure [transfig0] v. waylude
mbaadi/tagoodi.
transform [transfom] v. waylude.
transformation [transfmeys0n] n.
mbaylaandi (ndi): baylugol (ngol).
transgress [transgres] v. luutndaade; diwde
laawol, bakkodinde, toohde.
transgression [transgr0s0n] n. luutndagol
laawol.
transhumance [transhyuwm0ns] n. eggudu
(ndu).
transient [trans0nt] adj. ko duumaaki, ko
booyataa.
transit
transit [tranzit] v. Yaal^de; rewde.
translate [transleyt] v. firde, nantinde.
translation [transleys0n] /?. firo (ngo).
translator [transleyta] n. nantinoowo (o);
piroowo (o)
transmit [tranzmit] v. yettinde nulal;
raabde.
transpire [transpay0] v. warnude; waaYde.
transplant [transplant] v. nibtaade.
transport [transpOt] v. nawde.
trap [trap] v. tuufaade.
trap [trap] n. wilde.
trash [tras] n. kuijuru (o),
trashy [trasi] adj. ko faati e kurjuru.
travail [travay] n. liggeey muuscfo.
travel [traval] v. cfanaade I am traveling
today ko hande cfannotoomi.
traveler [travala] n. cfanniicfo (o);
cfannotoodo (o).
traverse [travars] v. taccude.
trawl [trol] /?. gubbol (ngdl).
trawl [trol] v. awde.
tray [trey] n. palaat (o).
treacherous [triycaras] adj. ko faati e
fuunti/janfa.
treachery [triycari] n. janfa (o).
tread [tred] v. yabbude.
treason [triyzan] /?. janfa (o).
treasure [tre3a] n. ngalu (ngii).
treasury [tre3ari] u. mooftirde kaalis
laamu.
treat [triyt] ih bagoore (nde).
treat [triyt] v. safrude. ~ with respect
teddinde. ~ a guest hocftude.
treatise [triytiz] n. tindol (ngdl), kawral
(ngal).
treatment [triytmant] n. safaara (o).
treaty [triyti] n. nanondiral (ngal)-, nandiral,
ahdi (o) sign a ~ siifde nanondiral.
treble [trebal] v. fiyde laabi tati.
tree [triy] n. lekki (ki). ~ trunk foobre
lekki.
tremble [trembal] v. sinnude. ~ in every
limb sinnude gerger.
tremendous [tramendas] adj. mawnucfum;
keewcfum.
tremor [trema] n. 1) cinhel gujjo 2)
jerbugol (ngdl).
260
troublemaker
trench [trenc] n. gaawol (ngdl)
trespass [trespas] v. naattude e , toonde.
tress [tres] n. atturu (ndu); moorol (ngdl)-,
moori (cfi).
trey [trey] n. tati.
triad [trayad] n. fedde tato.
trial [trayal] n. 1) naawoore (nde). 2) ekko
(ngo)-, ekkagol (ngdl)-, etagol (ngdl).
tribal [traybal] adj. ko faati e hinde/lenol.
tribe [trayb] n. hinde (nde); lenol.
tribulation [trabyuwleysan] n. mettere.
tribunal [traybyuwnal] n. naaworde (nde);
naawirde (nde).
tributary [tribatari] adj. jiimaacfo.
tribute [tribyuwt] n. njobdi (ndi).
trick [trik] v. tiiuntude.
trickery [trikri] n. fliunti (o).
trickle [trikal] v. siimtude.
trickster [triksta] n. puuntoowo (o).
tricky [triki] adj. ko weebaani.
trier [traya] n. etotoocfo.
trifle [trayfal] v. gaajaare (nde): meere
(nde): nuflucfum.
trigger [triga] n. rawaandu fetel.
trilemma [trilema] n. ngaanumma (o).
trim [trim] v. meccude; naaltaade; hesde.
trimmer [trima] n. kesoowo (o).
trip [trip] v. taataade. ~ along nekkude.
trip [trip] n. cfangal (ngal).
tripartite [traypartayt] adj. gecfe walla
pecce tati.
triple [tripal] n. tabbitgal (ngal).
triple [tripal] v. tabbitde.
trisect [traysekt] v. feccude pecce tati.
triumph [trayamf] v. foolde.
triumphant [trayamfant] adj. poolcfo.
triviality [trivyalti] n. meere (nde): maayka
(ka).
trivialize [trivyalayz] v. soofnude,
fliuynude.
troll [trol] V. yimde.
troop [truwp] n. deental yimbe.
trot [trot] V. nekkude.
troth [tro0] n. cfowtaare (nde).
trouble [trAbal] n. tanaa (o).
trouble [trAbal] v. ownude.
troublemaker [trAbalmeyka] n. toonoowo
(o).
troublesome
troublesome [trAbalsAm] adj. toonoowo.
trough [trof] u. waare lecfcfe.
troupe [truwp] ti. tump (o).
trousers [trawz0z] u. tuuba (ba) his wife
wears the trousers ko o baawaacfo.
trousseau [tmwsow] n. comci walla
cucfaari jombaajo.
trout [trawt] n. liingu Ojgu)>
trow [trow] v. sikkude.
truant [tmwant] n. dogcfo lekkol.
truce [tmws] n. daragol (ngdl), kawral
(ngal).
truck [trAk] ii. kamiyol] (o)
trucker [trAka] /?. dognoowo kaniyol].
truculent [tr0kyuwl0nt] adj. nangucfo.
trudge [trAj] v. yahde.
true [tmw] adj. ko woni goonga.
truism [tmwizm] n. goonga.
trull [trAl] n. garbotoocfo.
trumpery [trAmp0ri] /?. ko nafataa.
trumpet [trAmpet] //. liital (ngal).
trumpeter [trAmp0t0] n. liitoowo (o).
truncate [trApkeyt] v. rabbicfinde.
truncation [trApkeys0n] n. dabbicfingol
(ngdl).
truncheon [trAncan] n. bolol] (o); b616I]el
(ngel).
trunk [trApk] n. 1) foobre (nde) 2) wakande
(nde).
truss [trAs] v. habbude.
truss [trAs] n. wahre hucfo.
trust [trAst] V. hoolaade; g66I]cfinde. ~
with halfinde
trust [trAst] n. hoolaare (nde).
trustful [trAstfal] adj. kooliicfo.
trustworthy [trAstwOdi] adj. koolaacfo. he
~ hooleede.
truth [tmw0] n. goonga (o) tell the ~
haalde goonga
truthful [tmwGfal] adj. gool3cfucfo.
koolaacfo. he ~ gool^cfude.
try V. etaade; enndude. ~ hard tiinnaade. ~
on fondaade.
tsetse [tsetse] n. mbuubu (ngn). upland ~
kayfal (ngal)
tub [tAb] V. buftaade.
tuck [tAk] V. naatnude.
Tuesday [cuwsdi] n. talaata (o).
261
twilight
tuft [tAft] n. raYYere (nde); ranneere (nde);
toggere (nde).
tug [tAg] V. foocfde; liggaade.
tuition [twiysan] n. njobdi jangde.
turn [tAm] V. mottude.
tumble [tAmbal] v. yande; firlaade.
tumefaction [tuwmafaksan] n. buutdi
(ndi).
tumefy [tuwmafay] v. buutde.
tumid [tyuwmid] adj. ko buuti.
tummy [tAmi] n. reedu (ndu).
tumor tuwma] n. buutdi (ndi).
tumult [tuwmAlt] n. dille (cfe).
tun [tAn] n. barigal (ngal).
tune [tyuwn] n. leebol (ngdl); baar (o) get
out of ~ luurdeede.
tup [tAp] n. njawdi (ndi).
turban [tarban] n. meetelol (ngdl); kaala.
turbit [tarbit] n. uuga (o).
turbulence [tarbyalans] n. piddugol (ngdl).
turbulent [tarbyalant] adj. pidducfo.
turf [tarf] n. huCfo siiwre.
turgent [tarjant] adj. ko buuti.
turgid [tarjad] adj. ko buuti.
turmoil [tarmoyl] n. jiibm (ndu).
turn [tarn] v. yiilaade, yiilnude. ~ mature
yontude. — grey flircfude. ~ one's hack to
rumtaade. ~ one's stomach timde. ~
around a place wangaade. ~ off nifde.
turnover [tarnowva] v. hippude.
turret [tAret] n. sooroo (o).
turtle [tartal] n. amre (nde).
tusk [tAsk] n. hoggo (ngo).
tussle [tAsal] n. hare (nde); luurondiral
(ngal).
tutor [tuwta] n. caggitoowo (o);
janginoowo (o).
tutorage [tuwtarij] n. jangingol.
tweet [twiyt] v. Yiikde.
tweeze [twiyz] v. borde, cToofde.
twelfth [twelfB] ord. sappo e cficfabo.
twelve [twelv] num. sappo e cficfi.
twenty [twenti] num. noogaas
twice [tways] adv. laabi cficfi.
twig [twig] pucfdi (ndi).
twilight [twaylayt] n. futuro; weetndoogo
(t^go).
twin tyro

twin [twin] n. funeere (nde) He is my twin two [tuw] num. cficfi.

brother Ko kanko woni funeere am gorko. tycoon [taykuwn] galo.
twink [twii]k] v. majde. type [tayp] n. mbaadi (ndi).
twinkle [twi^kol] v. jalbude; lewnude. type [tayp] v. tappude.
twinkle [twigkal] u. majaango (tigo). in the typist [taypist] n. tappoowo (o).
~ of an eye e majaango yitere. tyrant [tayrant] n. gownoowo beeli.
twirl [tw8rl] v. yiilde. tyro [tayrow] ?i. ekkotoocfo (o).
twist [twist] V. harlude, haaYde.
twitter [twita] v. Yiikde.
ubiquitous ungrateful

u
ubiquitous [yubikwotas] adj. ko woni uncle [Agk0l] n. kaaw
nokku kala. unclean [0nkliyn] adj. tunwucfo.
ugly [Agli] adj. coofcfo. ~ words haala uncleanliness [0nklenl0nes] n. tuundi (ndi).
coofka.
unclose [0nklowz] v. udditde.
ulcer [A1S0] n. naw (rigid); nawannde (ride).
unconcerned [0nk0ns0rnd] adj. mo
ulema [ul0ma] ri. gando (o); ceemo (o). wondaaka.
ulterior [Altiyry0] adj. ko fayi arde. uncooked [0nkukt] adj. ko defaaka; ko
ultima [Alt0ma] n. hijjande wattannde. bendaani.
ultimate [Alt0met] adj. battano. uncork [0nkok] v, sukkitde
ultra [Altr0] adj. ko burti. uncover [0nkov0] v. hippitde; suurtaade.
ulu [uwluw] 11. paaka (ka)\ njuulaawi (ki). under [And0] prep. les. Go under the tree
ululate [yuwlyuwleyt] v. fjuurde. Sakko less lekki ki.
umbra [Ambr0] ri. buubri (ndi). underline [And0layn] v. diidde les;
teel]tinde.
umbrage [Ambrij] n. toonange (nge).
umbrella [Ambr0la] n. waado; paraseewal undermine [And0mayn] v. bonnude, asde.
(ngal). underneath [And0niy0] adv. les. be ~
unabated [0nabeytid] adj. ko ustaaka, sakkaade.
doolnucfo. underpants [And0pants] /?. tuuba cakkiiba.
unable [0neyb0l] adj. donkucfo. he ~ undersarong [And0sarog] n. pendel (ngel).
ronkude. I am unable to meet with you undersell [And0sel] v. wantirde; ustude
today Mi waawaa hawrude e maa hande. coggu.
unabridged [0nabrijd] adj. ko dottaaka. undershirt [And0s0rt] n. gensu (ngu).
unaccented [0naks0nt0d] adj. ko masaaka; understand [And0stand] v. faamde; nande.
ko tekkinaaka. I do not understand Mi faamaani.
unacquired [0n0kway0d] adj. ko hebaaka. understandable adj. ko faamnii
unadjusted [0n0j0st0d] adj. ko fotaani. understanding [And0standi5] n.
unalterable [0n0lt0r0b0l] adj. ko faamaamuya (o). come to an ~
waylaaka. faamondirde.
unanimity [yuwn0n0miti] ti. yimbe fof. undisciplined [0nd0s0plind] adj. neetaro.
unapt [0napt] adj. donkucfo. undo [0ndu] v. firtude. ~ someone's hair
santude. ~ one's braids santaade.
unarmed [0namd] adj. mo jogitaaki.
unattainable [0n0teyn0b0l] adj. ko undress [0ndres] v. boortude; booraade,
boortaade. ~ someone boorde.
hebotaako.
unattended [0n0tend0d] adj. mo undulate [Anjuwleyt] v. addude bempeYYe.
toppitaaka. Do not leave him unattended unearth [0n0r0] v. ubbitde.
Hoi to cfaccu mo kanko gooto. uneven [0niyv0n] adj. ko fotaani.
unattractive [0traktiv] adj. ko/mo unexpected [0nekspektid] adj. ko tijjaaka.
yoocfaani. unfaithful [0nfey0f0l] adj. mo cfowtaaki;
unavailable [0n0veyl0b0l] adj. ko/mo pijoowo.
hebotaako, mo hebaaki. He is unfasten [0nfas0n] v. habbitde.
unavailable O hebaaki.
unfinished [0nfinisd] adj. ko gasaani.
unbend [0nbend] v. turtaade. unfold [0nfowld] v. sowtude.
unbraiding [0nbreydi5] n. cantugol (ngol). unfortunate [0nfoc0n0t] adj. malkisaacfo.
uncertain [0ns0rt0n] adj. mo yananaaka. he ~ Jooteede, malkiseede. ~ person
He is uncertain O yananaaka. jootaado (o); malkisaacfo (o).
uncircumcised [0ns0rk0msayzd] adj. ungrateful [0ngreytf0l] adj. mo rokkataa
solima (o); mo duhaaki. wune.

263
unhook us

unhook [0nhuwk] v. loggitde. untie [0ntay] v. fiiltude; habbitde, fibtude;

unification [yuwn0fikeys8n] ti. deentugol humtude. ~ one's pants duhtude;
(ngol). duhtaade.
uniform [yuwn0fom] adj. ko foti; ko nandi until [0ntil] conj. haa. haajooni.
tagoodi; paltu; comcol. untouchable [0ntAc0b0l] adj. ko
uniformity [yuwn0fom0ti] n. nandugol memotaako.
(ngol). unveil [0veyl] v. muurtude.
unify [yuwn0fay] v. reentinde; rendinde. unwanted [0nwantid] adj. mo alaa jicfcfo.
unilateral [yuwn0lat0r0l] adj. ko faati e unwariness [0nwer0nes] n. hoomto (ngo).
bange gooto. unwary [0nweyri] adj. koomtaacfo. make ~
uninteresting [0nint0resti5] adj. tekum. hoomtude.
union [yuwny0n] n. deental (ngal). unwed [0nwed] adj. cooycfo. be ~ for a
unionize [yuwny0nayz] v. reentude. long time sooyde.
unique [yuniyk] adj. wootere; gooto; bajjo. up [h'f\prep. dow.
unitary [yuwn0t0ri] adj. ko rendinta. up-to-date [Apt0deyt] adj. keso, kesum.
unite [yunayt] v. reentude, rendinde, upbringing [Apbri^ii)] n. nehdi (ndi).
rendude. update [Apdeyt] v. hescfitinde.
united [yunaytid] adj. ko reenti, reentube. upheaval [Aphiyv0l] n. fitina (o).
unity [yun0ti] n. deental (ngal). uphold [Aphold] V. heddaade e.
universal [yuniv0rs0l] adj. ko hubtodini. uplift [Aplift] V. suutde; suutude.
universe [yuniv0rs] n. windere (nde). upon [Apon] prep, dow; nde. once ~ a time
unjust [0njAst] adj. ooniicfo. Ae~oonaade. Ina wona wonataa ko tindol.
unknown [0nnown] adj. ko andaaka; ko upper [Ap0] adj. goncfo dow; burcfo
humpaa; kumpacfum. toowde.
unlawful [0nlof0l] adj. ko rewaani laawol. uppermost [Ap0most] ach’. burcfo fof
unleash [0nliys] v. humtude. toowde.
upright [Aprayt] adj. ko fooYtii;
unless [0nles] conj. so wonaa; illaa.
pooYtiicfo.
unload [0nlowd] v. rimtude. ~ from one's
uprise [Aprayz] v. ummaade.
head rootaade.
uproar [Aprowr] n. gulaali (di).
unlock [0nlak] v. soktude.
uproot [Apruwt] v. cfuggitde.
unlucky [0nlAki] adj. malkisaacfo.
upset [Apset] V. seknude; laawde,
unpack [0npak] v. habbitde kaake.
haabnude. be ~ mettinde; sekde;
unpleasant [0nplez0nt] adj. mettucfo. be ~ laawaade, bernude.
mettude.
upside-down [Apsaydawn] adj.
unpopular [0npopul0] adj. mo daijaani. junnitticfum. ~ junnitaade.
unravel [0nrav0l] v. jiktude. upstairs [Apsters] adj. dow iskale.
unrest [0nrest] n. dillere (nde). upward [ApwOd] adj. ko fayi dow.
unripe [0nrayp] adj. kecco; baggo. be ~ urge [0rj] v. waawnude.
waggiade, heccicfde.
urgency [0rj0nsi] n. sokla kenoraacfo; ko
unroll [0nrol] v. taggitde. hefioraa.
unsatisfied [0nsat0sfayd] adj. jawcfo; mo urinal [yur0n0l] adj. ko faati e soofirde.
weltaaki. be ~ yawde.
urinate [yuwr0neyt] v. diccaade, soofde;
unscrew [0nskruw] v. biiYtude. taaraade, bawlude; timpaade. ~ in one's
unseal [0nsiyl] v. mubbitde. clothing bonnitaade. have the urge to ~
unsold [0nsowld] adj. ko Iambi; lambucfum. buuTeede coofe.
be ~ lambude. urine [yuwrin] n. kaaye (cfe)\ taare (cfe)\
unstick [0nstick] v. takkitde; cfakkitde. dicce (de).
untangle [0nta]]g0l] v. jiktude. us [AS] pro//, enen.

264
usable
usable [yuwzabal] adj. ko huutortee; ko ina
huutoree.
use [yuws] n. nafoore (nde). of no ~ ko alaa
nafoore. of great ~ ko heewi nafoore.
use [yuwz] v. naftoraade. as a pillow
aflaade.
used [yuwzd] adj. kuutoraacfum; ko
huutoraa. be ~ to woowde.
useful [yuwzfal] adj. nafojum; ko nafata. be
~ nafde.
uselesness [yuwzlasnes] «. jaasre (nde).
useless [yuwzles] adj. ko alaa nafoore. be ~
jaasde, lohde.
usual [yuw30l] adj. ko woowaa.
265
uvula
usually [yuw38li] adv. sahaa sahaa; sahaa
kala.
usurer [yuw3r8] n. namloowo (o).
usurp [yuw30rp] v. teetde.
usurpation [yuw30rp] n. teetere (nde).
utensil [yuwt0ns0l] n. kaake defirteecfe.
utility [yuwt0l0ti] n. nafoore (nde).
utilize [yuwt0layz] v. huutoraade.
utmost [Atmowst] adj. burdo fof ,
utter [At0] V. wowlude.
utterance [Atr0ns] n. wowlaango (ngo).
uvula [yuwv0l0] n. dakane (o).
vacant
vacant [veykant] adj. meho.
vacate [vakeyt] v. eggude, iwde e nokku.
vacation [v0keys9n] n. guurti (di).
vaccinate [vaks0neyt] v. fesde.
vaccinated [vaks0neyt0d] adj. pesaacfo. he
~ fesaade.
vaccination [vaks0neys0n] n. pesagol
(ngol). ~ mark (nde).
vaccinator [vaks0neyt0] n. pesoowo (o).
vacillant [vas0l0nt] adj. daaldaalnucfo.
vacillate [vas0leyt] v. daaldaalnude.
vacuity [vakyuti] n. mehru (ndu).
vacuous [vaky0s] adj. mehum.
vagabond [vag0bond] //. huywere (tide);
mo alaa haaju/hammu.
vagabondage [vag0bondij] n. kuywaagu
(mO-
vagina [v0jayn0] ti. fii (o); sedere (tide);
kottu (tigii); melde (tide).
vaginal [v0jayn0l] adj. ko faati e kaake
debbo.
vagrant [veygr0nt] ti. huywere (tide).
vague [veyg] adj. ko laabaani. It is vague
dum laabaani.
vail [veyl] v. mutnude.
vain [veyn] adj. ko nafataa. / waited in
vain Mi fadii mo kono o araani.
valediction [val0diks0n] ti. baynagol
(ngol)
valet [vale] ti. carwoowo (o).
valiant [valy0nt] adj. tiicfcfo, tiicfniicfo;
cuuscfo.
valid [valid] adj. ko goo^cfini; ko moYYi.
It is not valid cfum moYYaani.
validate [val0deyt] v. moYYinde;
teel]tinde.
valise [v0liyz] ti. wolis (o).
valor [val0] ti. cuusal (tigal).
valorous [val0r0s] adj. cuuscfo.
valuable [valy0b0l] adj. ko nafata.
valuate [valyeyt] v. fiide coggu.
value [valyuw] ti. nafoore (tide), set a - on
hiisaade.
van [van] ti. oto (o).
vandalize [vand0layz] v. bonnude.
vanilla [v0nil0] ti. suukara wonni.
266
venture
vanish [vanis] v. wirnaade, majjude.
vanity [van0ti] ti. nguttu (tigu).
vanquish [vagkis] v. foolde.
vapid [vap0d] adj. tekum.
vaporize [veyp0rayz] v. suyde.
variable [v0ry0b0l] adj. ko waylotoo.
variance [v0ry0ns] ti. baylagol (ngol).
variation [v0ryeys0n] ti. baylagol (ngol).
various [v0ry0s] adj. keewcfi, ko heewi;
heewbe, ceercfi.
vary [veyri] v. waylude.
vasal [veys0l] n. necfcfo lubaacfo leydi.
vase [veyz] ti. lahal (tigal).
vast [vast] adj. jaaYcfo; ko yaaji.
vaticinate [vatis0neyt] v. jeertinde.
vault [volt] V. diwde, tuggaade e.
vaunt [vOnt] v. wasaade.
veal [viyl] n. nale (tige).
veer [viyr] v. selde.
vegetable [vej0t0b0l] ti. lujum (o).
vegetarian [vej0tery0n] adj. mo naamataa
teew.
vegetation [vej0teys0n] ti. hucfo e lecfcfe.
vehicle [vehik0l] ti. oto (o).
vehicular [vehiykil0] adj. ko faati e
oto/mobel.
veil [veyl] v. muurde; suucfde.
veil [veyl] ti. burtungal (tigal); muurorde
(tide).
vein [veyn] ti. fasawol (ngol).
velocity [velows0ti] ti. yaawre (tide).
vend [vend] v. yeeyde.
vendor [vend0] ti. jeeyoowo (o).
venerate [ven0reyt] v. rewde; hulde;
teddinde.
vengeance [venj0ns] ti. joftagol (ngol).
venom [ven0m] ti. tooke (de).
venomous [ven0n0s] adj. tookaacfo, ko
tookaa.
ventilate [vent0leyt] v. wifde; andinde.
ventilator [vent0leyt0] ti. bifoowo; ko
wifata.
ventral [ventr0l] adj. ko faati e reedu.
venture [venc0] v. yillaade.
venue
venue [venyuw] n. nokku deental; nokku.
What is the venue Hoi to kawraten?
veracious [v8rac0s] adj. goongante.
veracity [v0ras8ti] n. goonga (o).
veranda [v0rand8] n. werandaa; jimbal].
verbal [v8rb0l] adj. ko faati e haala.
verbatim [v0rbeyt0m] adj. ko faati e
deftagol.
verdict [v0rdikt] u. naawoore (tide), a
guilty ~ naawoore kuugal.
verge [v0ij] ti. keerol (tigdl)\ happu (o).
verify [ver0fay] v. Yeewtindaade.
verity [ver8ti] ti. goonga (o).
vermicide [v0rm0sayd] //. ko warata gilcfi.
vermin [v0rmin] ti. toonoowo
kaabniicfo (o).
verse [v8rs] n. aaye (o).
verso [versow] n. hello cferewol.
vertigo [v0rd0go] n. giilol (ngol).
very [veri] adv. tigi. ~ much tigi tigi.
vesicle [vez0k0l] n. basd (f^g^O-
vessel [ves0l] n. laana (ka).
vest [vest] n. gensu (ngu).
vest [vest] v. boomaade.
vestiary [vesc0ri] adj. ko faati
comci/comcol.
vestibule [vest0byuwl] ti. boleeru (ndu).
vestige [vestij] n. kedde (dej.
vet [vet] V. safrude jawdi.
veteran [vet0r0n] ti. nayeejo (o).
veterinary [vet0r0n8ri] adj. ko faati e virtually [v0rc0li] adv. ko buri heewde.
safaara jawdi.
veto [viytow] v. hacfde.
vex [veks] v. seknude.
vexed [vekst] adj. cekcfo. he easily ~ virulent [vir0l0nt] adj. ko nawnata.
loobde.
vibrant [vaybr0nt] adj. ko dillata; dilloowo. visage [vizij] ti. yeeso (tigo).
vibrate [vaybreyt] v. dillude.
vice [vays] v. ayyiiba (o); ella (o).
vicinity [vis0n0ti] n. sara (o).
vicious [vis8s] adj. boncfo.
victim [viktim] n. toonaacfo
bonnanaacfo (o).
victor [vikt0] n. poolcfo (o).
victorious [viktowry0s] adj. poolcfo.
victory [viktri] ti. poolgol (ngol).
victual [vikc0l] n. nguura.
vital
viduity [vidyuwti] n. mudda mo debbo
woni diwo.
vie [vay] v. tiicfnaade.
view [vyuw] v. yiide.
viewer [vyuw0] n. Yeewoowo (o).
vigilance [vij0l0ns] n. pinal (ngal)\
deentagol (ngol).
vigilant [vij0l0nt] adj. pincfo; deentiicfo.
vigor [vig8] n. sembe (o).
vigorous [vigr0s] adj. tekkucfo; cdlucfo;
cembincfo; ko sembini.
vilify [vil0fay] v. bonnitde.
vilipend [vil8pend] v. nuskude.
village [vilij] n. gurel (ngel); saare (tide).
(o); neivly built ~ sincaan (o).
vincible [vins0b0l] adj. mo ina foolee.
vindictive [vind0ktiv] adj. muntoricfcro;
jicfcfo yoftaade.
vinegar [vin0g0] n. bineegara (o).
violate [vay0leyt] v. toonde.
violation [vay8leys0n] n. toonange (nge).
violent [vay0l0nt] adj. kolliroowo doole.
violin [vay0l0n] n. naanooru (ndu).
viper [vayp0] n. sohre (tide).
e virgin [v0rjin] ti. mboomri (tidi).
virginal [v0rj0n0l] adj. ko faati e
mboombaagu.
virginity [v0rj0n0ti] n. mboombaagu (ngu).
virile [vir0l] adj. ko faati e ngoraagu.
virility [vir0l0ti] ti. ngoraagu (ngu).
virtue [v0rcuw] ti. moYYere (tide); peewal
(tigal).
virtuous [v8rc0w0s] adj. peewcfo.
vis-a-vis [viz0vi] yeeso, e yeeso.
viscera [viskary0] ti. tekteki.
visceral [vis0r0l] adj. ko faati e tekteki
visibility [viz0bil0ti] ti. giile (cfe).
visible [vizib0l] adj. ko yiyotoo.
(o); vision [viz0n] ti. giile. he out of ~ wirnaade.
come to ~ wirnitaade.
visit [vizit] v. hofnude.
visitant [viz0t0nt] ti. jilliicfo (o).
visual [vi3w0l] adj. ko faati e giile
visualize [vi30layz] v. Yeewrude hakkille.
vital [vayt0l] adj. ko faati e nguurndam.
267
vitiate vulva

vitiate [viseyt] v. bonnude. volunteer [volAntiya] v. ligganaade Alla

vivace [viyvac9] adj. guurcfo. meho.
vivid [vivid] adj. ko jalbi. voluptuary [volApcweri] adj. dewcfo
aduna.
vivify [vivafay] v. welnude.
vomit [vomit] v. ruttude. make someone ~
vocable [vowkabal] n. kongol (tigdl)\ inde
tuutnude. ~ milk wolsude; tuutde
(nde).
vomit [vomit] ti. tuure (nde).
vocabulary [vowk8by0l9ri] n. kelme (cfe).
voracious [voreys9s] adj. gaybucfo;
vocal [vowkal] adj. ko faati e naamgawiijo. be ~ saahde, aybude.
daande/wowlaango.
voracity [voras9ti] n. aybeende (nde).
vocalist [vowkalist] ti. liitoowo (o):
guttoowo liital. vote [vowt] V. wootde.
vocalize [vowkalayz] v. wowlude. voter [vowt9] n. gootoowo (o).
vocation [vowkeys9n] n. liggeey (o). vouch [vawc] v. teer]tinde.
vocational [vowkeys9n9l] adj. ko faati e vow [vaw] V. waatde.
liggeey. vowel [vaw9l] n. alkulal (ngal).
vociferate [vows9f9reyt] v. luukde; haacde. voyage [voyij] n. cfangal laana.
vogue [vowg] n. ko joli. vulnerable [vAln9r9b9l] adj. mo ina ganee,
voice [voys] //. daande (ride), know by ~ gaaneteecfo.
hebtinde daande necfcfo. vulture [VA1C9] n. dutal (ngal).
void [voyd] v. niilnude. It is void cfum vulva [v9lv9] n. kaake debbo.
niilii.
volume [volyuwm] n. tagande (ride);
deftere (tide): njaajeendi (tidi).
voluminous [v9luwmin9s] adj. ko yaaji; ko
mawni.
voluntary [volAntri] adj. Allah meho.

268
waddle watermelon

w
waddle [wadal] v. ruudde. warble [wob0l] v. yimde.
wade [weyd] v, juuwde. ~ in the mud ward [wod] v. reende.
juuwde. warden [wod0n] ti. deenoowo (o);
wader [weyda] n. juuwoowo (o). kalfinaacfo (o).
waft [waft] V. nawde. warder [wod0] ti. deenoowo (o).
waft [waft] n. kenal (ngal). ware [wer] ti. kaake (cfe).
wag [wag] V. dillinde. ~ one^s tail dillinde warehouse [werhaws] ti. sake (o).
laaci mum. warfare [wofer] ti. hare (tide).
wage [weyj] v. wacfde. ~s njobdi (ndi). warm [worn] v. itde. ~ oneself at the fire
waggle [wag0l] v. dillinde. itaade; iwlaade. It is warm dum
wail [weyl] v. woyde; Tusde. jaangaani.
waist [weyst] u. dadorde (nde): nadorde warn [won] v. reentinde; jeertinde / warn
(nde). you Mi reentinii ma.
waistline [weystlayn] n. duhorde warning [wOnip] ti. tintingol (tigol).
(tide): duhorgol (tigol): nadomde (tide). warp [wOp] V. oofide.
wait [weyt] v. fadde, tombaade. ~ for water warrant [wOr0nt] ti. yamiroore (tide).
to flow bulnaade. ~ for food without warrantor [wOr0nt0] ti. jamiroowo (o).
invitation tenkude. Wait for me Fadam. warrior [wOry0] ti. kabeteecfo (o).
waiter [weyta] ti. carwoowo (o). wary [weri] adj. deentiicfo.
waitress [weytres] ti. debbo carwoowo. wash [wOs] V. loote, ftikaade; wuppude;
waive [weyv] v. cfaccude. lawYude. ~ one's feet sembaade. ~
wake [weyk] v. findinde. ~ up late oneself lootaade, buftaade. ~ someone's
weetndorde. face sulmude. ~ one's face sulmaade. ~
waken [weyk0n] v. findinde. one's hands soocfaade.
walk [wok] ti. yahdu (tidu). take a ~ washer [wOs0] ti. guppoowo (o).
yahnaade. washing [wOs0] ti. guppol (ngol):
walk [wOk] V. yahde. ~ hurriedly jaylaade. lawYugol (tigol) waste [weyst] ti.
~ slowly naaYde. ~ faster moylude. ~ bonande (tide). ~ of lambs and goats
everywhere sooraade. ~ carelessly bordoocfe (cfe).
mafftaade. waste [weyst] v. bonnude, tilfude;
walker [wOk0] ti. jahoowo (o). gokkude. You are wasting your time
Acfan tampina hoore maa tan.
wall [wol] ti. tata (o); balal (tigal). break
a ~ welditde. waster [weyst0] ti. bonnoowo (o).
wallet [walet] ti. kalbe (de) watch [wOc] ti. montoor (o).
wallop [wal0p] V. fiyde. watch [wOc] V. Yeewde; laarde. ~ over
Yeewtaade; aynude, reende. '^out reento.
wallow [wal0w] v. weytaade.
be on the ~ reentaade.
waltz [woltz] /?. ngamri.
water [wOt0] ti. ndiyam (dam). ~ already
wamble [wamb0l] v. yiineede. used to wash rice or millet kalumbam
wander [wand0] v. huywude; oorde. ~ (dam). ~ fall waame (o). ~ fetching
about huywude. Yoogol (tigol). '-source sewnde (tide). ~
wanderer [wand0r0] ti. kuywucfo (o). storage instrument mbandu (o). rinsing ~
wane [weyn] v. ustaade. lallitam (dam). ~ holder guttu (o) draw
Yoogde.
want [want] v. yicfde, muuyde, leytude,
faaleede. water [wOt0] v. wisde.
wap [wap] V. soomde. watermelon [wOt0mel0n] ti. dende (tide);
wudduru (tidii). broken hits of- laalakon.
war [wO] ti. konu (tigii)

269
waterproof whine

waterproof [wOtapruwf] adj. ko tucfi. be ~ weekly [wiykli] ti. yontere kala.

tucfde weep [wiyp] v. woyde.
watery [wOtri] adj. gaalcfucfe. Your eyes weeper [wiyp0] ti. goyoowo (o).
are watery Gite maa ngaalcfii goncfi.
weeping [wiypii]] ti. bojji (di).
wattle [watal] v. sande.
weft [weft] adj. ko sanaa.
wave [weyv] n. wempeYere (nde). weigh [wey] v. peesde; yisbude. ~ with
waver [weyv9] v. sayyaade. peesirde
way [wey] n. feere (tide); bolol (ngol), weight [weyt] ti. tedeendi (tidi). ~
laawol (ngol). half ~ feccere laawol. measurement muddo (o); mata (o);
waylay [weyley] v. taYde; faddaade. menkelde (tide).
we [wiy] pron. min, enen. weird [wiyd] adj. kaawniicfo, kaawnicfum.
weak [wiyk] adj. lohcfo; mo welcome [welkAm] v. jabbaade.
doolnaani/sembinaani. welcome [welkAm] ti. jabbagol (ngol).
weaken [wiykan] v. lohnude; ustude weld [weld] v. basde; basondirde.
doole/sembe. welfare [welfer] ti. bamtaare (tide); kisal
weakness [wiyknes] n. lohgol (ngol). (tigal).
weal [wiyl] n. jam (o). well [wel] adj. cellucfo. be ~ hisde; sellude.
wealth [wel0] n. ngalu (ngu). Get well soon Yo Alla rokku jam ko
wealthy [wel0i] adj. galo. be ~ alcfude. ~ neebaani.
person dundariyanke (o). well [wel] ti. woyndu (tidii); bunndu (tidu).
wean [wiyn] v. entude. be -ed enteede. wend [wend] v. rewde.
weaning [wiynig] n. entugol (ngol). act of were [wer] v. wonnoo; ngonnoo.
~ entere (tide). west [west] ti. himaange (tige); gorgal
weapon [wepon] ti. kabirgal (ngalf, (tigal).
njogitaari (tidi). wester [west0] ti. hendu ummoriindu
wear [wer] v. boornaade. ~ inside out himaange.
hippude. ~ perfume flicfaade. ~ a veil Westerner [west0n0] ti. hirnanke (o).
yombinaade. ~ someone out tampinde. ~ wet [wet] adj. kecco. he ~ heccicfde;
jeivelery sucfaade. be worn out hortaade. leppude.
weariness [weriness] ti. tampere (tide). whack [wak] v. fiide.
wearisome [wer0s0m] adj. ko tampinta. wharf [wOrf] ti. tufnde (tide).
weary [weyri] adj. tampucfo. what [wat] pron. huunde; hoi. What is it
weave [wiyv] v. sande; wamde. Ko woni?
weaver [wiyv0] ti. maabo (o); canoowo (o). whatever [watev0] adv. kala.
He belongs to the weaver caste Ko o wheat [wiyt] ti. lorso (ko).
canoowo.
wheedle [wiyd0l] v. jarribaade.
weaving [wiyvip] ti. cangol (ngol).
wheel [wiyl] ti. njamndi pono.
web [web] v. sande.
wheeze [wiyz] v. lehde, siikde.
wed [wed] v. resde. he un~ for a long time
when [wen] cotij. mande; nde. When did
sooyde. be ~ humaneede.
you arrive Mande ngarcfaa?
wedding [wedip] ti. cuddungu (ngu).
whenever [wenev0] cotij. kala nde; mudda
wedlock [wedlok] ti. dewgal (tigal). bear kala.
out of ~ reedde.
where [wer] pron. hoi to; to.
Wednesday [wensdi] ti. alaarba (o).
wherever [werev0] adv. kala cfo.
wee [wiy] adj. tokosel.
whet [wet] v. welnude; seebnude.
weed [wiyd] v. duulaade; remde. ~ around
which [W\c\proti. hoi.
duulaade.
while [wayl] ti. mudda (o). once in a ~
week [wiyk] ti. yontere (tide), lastyonitve
sahaa sahaa kala.
bennunde (tide)
whine [wayn] v. Fjuylude

270
whinny withdrawal

whinny [wayni] v. hijde. wild [wayld] adj. ko faati e ladde. a -

whip [wip] n. kanvaas (o); loocol (ngol).
whip [wip] V. fiide.
whirl [w0rl] v. yiilaade.
whirlwind [w0rlwind] n. duleendu (ndu).
whirry [w0ri] v. henaade; yaawnaade.
whisk [wisk] v. fittude.
whisper [wisp0] v. nuumbaade; numptaade.
whisperer [wisp0r0] n. nuumbotoocfo (o).
whistle [wis0l] u. wuucfaango (ngo).
whistle [wis0l] v. wuucfde
whistler [wisl0] n. guucfoowo (o).
white [wayt] adj. daneejo; danejum; ko
ranwi. ~ ants mooYi (di). ~ ant moo Yu
(ngu). be~ ranwude; eercfude. very- tal.
-person tuubaako fb/
whiten [wayt0n] v. ranwinde.
whitener [waytn0] ti. danwinoowo (o).
whitewash [waytwos] n. laso (o).
whittle [wit0l] v. sehde; settude.
who [huw] pron. necfcfo, hoi. Who is it Holi
aan?
whoever [huwev0] pron. kala.
whole [howl] adj. fof. the - month lewru
huumdu.
whom [hum] pron. hoi.
whomever [humev0] pron. kala.
whooping-cough [huwpigkAf] n. teko
(ngo).
whore [howr] n. garbotoocfo (o).
why [way] pron. ko wadi; hoi ko tagi.
wick [wik] n. mees (o).
wicked [wikid] adj. nangudo.
wickedness [wikidnes] n. nangere (nde).
wide [wayd] adj. ko yaaji; jaajdum. be - wisdom [wizd0m] n. gandal (ngal)\ peewal
yaajde.
widen [wayd0n] v. yaajnude.
widow [wid0w] //. kesniido, mo jom galle wish [wis] V. yidde; yidande. make a -
mum maayi.
widowhood [wid0whud] n. edda (o).
width [wid0] n. njaajeendi (ndi); tekkeendi sago mum.
(ndi).
wield [wiyld] v. huurde.
wife [wayf] n. jom suudu; debbo desaado.
first - jeewo (o). second - lemmbel (o). withdraw [wiGdrO] v. sortaade; yaltude e. ~
third - lembeYel (ngel).
wiggle [wig0l] V. dillinde.
animal Jawdi ladde.
wilderness [wild0nes] n. ladde (nde); ladde
tuulaa heelaa.
wile [wayl] n. fliunti (o).
wile [wayl] v. fliuntude.
willful [wilf0l] adj. gamdiido.
win [win] v. foolde. ~ a race dadde. ~ all
opponent’s possessions hoosde.
wind [wind] n. hendu (ndu). get - of
nande; tinde.
wind [wind] v. yiilde. ~ into balls
horwaade.
winding [wayndii]] adj. ko fortaaki.
window [wind0w] n. falanteere (nde);
henorde (nde).
wine [wayn] n. sangara (o).
wing [wig] n. wibjo (ngo)
wink [wigk] n. majaango yitere. / did not
sleep a wink Mi rendinaani yitere.
wink [wigk] v. majde.
winner [win0] n. pooldo (o); daddo (o).
He is the winner Ko kanko fooli.
winning [winig] n. poolgol (ngol).
winnow [win0w] n. Yaarngo (ngo), norgo
(ngo).
winnow [win0w] v. weddaade; wesde,
Yaaraade.
winter [wint0] n. dabbunde (nde). spend -
dabbude.
wipe [wayp] v. fompude. ~ oneself off
momtaade. ~ off momtude.
wiper [wayp0] n. momtoowo (o).
wire [way0] n. boggol njamndi.
wire [way0] v. neldude.
(ngal).
wise [wayz] adj. gando, peewdo.
wasiyaade.
wish [wis] n. sago (o). have one’s - hebde
witch [wic] n. sukuna (o); namneejo (o).
witchcraft [wickraft] n. dabare (cfe)',
dabotoodo (o).
one’s word wultaade
withdrawal [wiGdrol] n. jaltugol (ngol);
jaltingol (ngol).

271
withdrawn
withdrawn [wiGdrOn] adj. nuggaro.
withhold [wiGhold] v. waasde wacfde.
within [widin] adv. nder.
withstand [wiGstand] v. dartaade.
witness [witnes] /?. seede (o).
witness [witnes] v. seedaade.
wizard [wiz0d] n. jinneyel (ngel);
nengotoocfo (o).
wobble [wobal] v. yahrude bange.
woe [wO] n. moobaare (nde); bonande (tide).
Wolof [wolof] jolfo (o). ~ language jolfe
(de).
woman [wum0n] n. debbo (o). big ~ dewal
(ngal). little ~ dewel (tigel). ~ with many
pregnancies before marriage reedunte (o).
womanize [wum0nayz] v. yomde.
womanly [wum0nli] adj. ko nandi e/maale
debbo.
womb [wum] ti. endu (ndu).
women [wumen] n. rewbe
wonder [wAnd0] v. miijaade.
wonder [wAnd0] n. kaawis (o).
wonderful [wAnd0f0l] adj. moolanaande.
woo [wu] V. gerde; cfabbude.
wood [wud] ti. leggal (tigal)\ lecfcfe (de).
piece of ~ elo (ngo)\ tunnde (tide), trough
of ~ wahre (tide).
woodcutter [wudkAt0] ti. peYYoowo (o);
coppoowo (o).
woodpecker [wudpek0] ti. sam feYYooru
(ndu).
woodwork [wudw0rk] ti. lawankaagal
(tigal). caste specializing in ~ labbo (o); wrestle [res0l] v. sippirde. ~ someone down
gumbalaa.
woody [wudi] adj. cukkucfo; ko sukki
lecfcfe.
wool [wuwl] ti. wiro (ko)\ leen (o).
woolen [wul0n] adj. ko feewniraa
wiro/leen; ko faati e wiro/leen.
word [w0rd] ti. helmere (tide), keep one’s ~
heddaade e haala mum.
word [w0rd] v. lelnude kongol.
wordly [w0rdli] adj. ko faati e aduna.
work [w0rk] ti. gollal (tigal) liggeey (o).
work [w0rk] v. gollaade; liggaade.
worker [w0rk0] ti. liggotoocfo (o);
gollotoocfo (o).
world [w0rld] ti. aduna (o); windere (tide).
272
wrong
worm [w0rm] ti. ngilngu (ngu). type of ~
bucfcfu (ngu); buruuti (di)\ mburuutu
(ng^O-
worn-out [wonawt] adj. 1) ko wonti
limsere 2) tampucfo.
worried [worid] adj. paaycfo (o).
worry [wori] v. faayde. Do not worry Hoi
to faay.
worry [wOri] ti. faayoore (tide).
worse [w0rs] adj. ko buri bonde.
worship [wOsip] v. juulde; rewde Alla.
worst [w0rst] adj. ko buri/burcfo fof
bonde.
worth [woG] ti. nafoore (nde). />^~jarde.
worthless [woGles] adj. ko alaa nafoore; ko
nafataa; mo nafataa. He is worthless O
alaa nafoore.
worthy [wo6i] adj. ko nafata.
wound [wund] ti. nawande; gaafiande;
yiwande; taalnande, barmande; fiire.
wound [wund] v. gaande; taalnude.
wounded [wundid] adj. gaaniicfo. be ~
barmude.
woven [wuv0n] adj. canacfum; ko Sanaa. ~
reeds mbiru (ngu).
wrangle [ragg0l] v. dukde.
wrangler [ra5gl0] ti. dukoowo (o).
wrap [rap] v. soomde. ~ oneself in
soomaade.
wrapper [rap0] n. coomoowo (o).
wrath [raG] n. mettere (tide); mette (cfe).
wreck [rek] v. yiwde.
libde.
wrestler [resl0] ti. mbir (o).
wrestling [reslii]] ti. sippiro (tigo).
wretch [rec] ti. cuniicfo, mettaacfo.
wriggle [rig0l] v. tallaade; nongaade.
wright [rayt] n. gollotoocfo (o).
wring [rig] v. hamde.
wrinkle [rigk0l] ti. norbolol (tigol).
wrist [rist] ti. jokkorde (tide).
write [rayt] v. windude
writer [rayt0] ti. bindoowo (o).
writhe [rayG] v. haaYde.
wrong [rog] n. fenaande (tide); ko
moYYaani. be ~ fende, waasde haalde
goonga.
xebec xylophone

xebec [zebek] n. laana (ka) xenophobia [zenafowbya] /z.ngangu

xenophobe[zen0fowb] n. necTcfo kulcfo tumarankaagal
tumarankaagal xylography [zaylografi] n. nenkugol (ngol)
xylophone [zaylafown] //. balanji (di)

273
yacht youthful

yacht [yat] n. laana (ka). yet [yet] adv. jooni; sahaa jooni o. / have
yam [yam] n. pulook (o). not seen hint yet Mi suwaa yiide mo
yammer [yam9] v. wullitaade tawo.
yield [yiyld] v. cfaccude, cfaccande; jibinde.
yank [yapk] v. foocfde.
yip [yip] v. hawsude.
yap [yap] v. wofde.
yirr [yar] v. l^uurde.
yard [yod] n. dingiral (ngal)\ diraa (o).
How many yards is it No diraaji cfi poti? yod [yod] n. alkulal (ngal).
yare [yar] adj. jaawcfo, ko yaawi. yogurt [yogat] n. yawuur (o).
yarn [yOn] n. tindol (ngol). yoke [yowk] n. leggai dendinoowal gay/nay
demooji.
yatter [yata] v. lebde.
yolk [yok] /;. ooldi boccoonde.
yaw [yo] v. selde.
you [yu] pron. a, aan, on. If I were you /
yawn [yOn] v. I]aablude; yaalaade.
would go home Sinno ko miin wonno maa
yawning [yOnip] n. l^aablere (nde); mi hootanno.
I3aablug61 (ngol).
young [yAi]] adj. sukaajo; suka (o): surga
yea [ye] adv. eey. (o). He is young Ko o suka.
yeah [yeya] adv. eey. younger [yApa] adj. keccaacfo. ~ sibling
year [y0r] n. hitaande (nde). last ~ rawane. miniraado (o).
this ~ hikka (o) three ~s ago rawtitaane. youngster [yAi}sta] n. suka (o).
the ~ before last rawane ndeya; rawtane.
your [yuwr] det. maa; maacfa, moocfon;
yearling [yarlip] n. jom hitaande wootere.
mon.
yearly [yarli] adj. hitaande kala.
yours [yuwz] pro/?, ko maa.
yearn [yarn] v. yicfde.
yourself [yuwsalf] pron. aan hoore maa.
yegg [yeg] n. gujjo (o). youth [yuw0] /?. kambaane; cukaagu.
yell [yel] v. furaade; luukde. ~ in a dispute
youthful [yuwGfal] adj. ko faati e cukaagu.
dukde.
yellow [yelaw] adj. oolo, ko oolcfi. he ~
oolcfude. very ~ buy.
yelp [yelp] v. wofde.
yerk [y0rk] v. fiide.
yes [yes] adv. eey, eyyo.
yesterday [yestadi] n. hanki (o).

274
zag zoom

z
zag [zag] n. celgol (ngol).
zag [zag] V. selde.
zap [zap] V. warde; bonnude.
zeal [ziyl] ti. coftal. (ngal)\ caasgol (ngol)
zealous [ziylas] adj. caascfo, coftucfo.
zebu [ziybu] n. nagge. (nge); holsere (tide).
zed [zed] n. alkulal (ngal).
zee [ziy] n. alkulal (ngal).
zephyr [zif0r] n. kenal (kal).
zero [ziyrow] n. hay huunde, dara; meere.
zig [zig] n. celgol (ngol).
zig [zig] V. selde.
zigzag [zigzag] v. selde.
zing [zig] n. njennoor (o).
zing [zig] v. yennude.
zip [zip] n. hay huunde, dara.
zip [zip] V. mubbude.
zipper [zip0] n. koroos (o).
zone [zown] n. nokku (o).
zone [zown] v. howde.
zoo [zuw] n. nokku muumanton Alla.
zoology [zuwl0ji] n. jangde muumanton
Alla.
zoom [zuwm] v. henaade.

275
 REFERENCES

Anderson, S.R. (1976). “On the Description of Consonant Gradation in Fula,” Studies in
African Linguistics VII, 1 pp. 93-136.

Ba Oumar(1968). Glossaire des Mots Mandingiiespasses en Pulaar.

(1972). Glossaire des Mots Etrangers passes en Pulaar.

(1980). La terminologie geographicpie du Poular, C.L.A.D., I.F.A.N., Dakar.

Gaden, Henri (1967). “Le Poular—Dialecte PeuI du Fouta Senegalais,” Lexique Poular-
Francais,Tome second. Gregg Press Limited, England.

(1969). Dictionnaire Peul-Frangais. Fascicule I. Catalogues Institut Fondamental

d’Afrique Noire, Dakar.

(1972). Dictionnaire Peul-Fran^ais. Fascicule II. Catalogues Institut Fondamental

d’Afrique Noire, Dakar.

Gamble, David, P., and Maiy Umah Baldeh (1981). Gambian Fula-English Dictionary,
San Francisco, Gambian Studies no 12.

Ka, Fari Silate (1991). “Elements de Dialectologie Peule; Variations dialectales et

problemes de standardization, In Isa Alkali Abba,” Ibrahim Mukoshi and Gicfacfo
Tahir (eds.) Studies in Fulfulde Language, Literature and Culture, Triumph
Publishing Company Ltd., Nigeria.

Landau, Sidney I. (1993). Dictionaries—The Art and Craft of Lexicography. Cambridge

University Press.

Niang, Mamadou (1995b). “Syllable ‘Sonority’ Hierarchy and Pulaar Stress—A Metrical
Approach.” Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics, V. 20.

Osborn, W. Donald, David Dwyer and Joseph 1. Donoho, Jr. (1993). A Fulfidde
(Maasina)-English-French Lexicon. Michigan State University Press, East Lansing

Sylla, Yero (1982). Grammaire Moderne du Pulaar. Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines,
Dakar
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