ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
OM 101
Second Semester
A.Y. 2022-2023
 Greetings,
SHEENA M. MENDEZ
Guest Lecturer I

❑ Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in

Management
❑ From Romblon, Romblon
❑ Environmental Management System
 CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT
❑ 25% - Midterm Examination
❑ 25% - Final Examination
❑40% - Class Standing
❑15% Quiz
❑15%Class Participation
❑10%Exercises)
❑ 10% - Final Paper
TOTAL: 100%
 COURSE POLICIES
❑ GRADING SYSTEM
98
Excellent 1.00 - 100
94
Superior 1.25 - 97
Very Good 1.5
90
- 93
* Students who got a computed
Good 1.75
88
- 89 grade of 70-74 will be given an
Meritorious 2.00
85
- 87 appropriate remedial activity in
83
Very Satisfactory 2.25 - 84 which the final grade should be
Satisfactory 2.50 80 - 82 either passing (3.0) or failure (5.0).
Fairly Satisfactory 2.75 78 - 79
Passing 3.00 75 - 77
Failure 5.00 Below 70

Incomplete INC
 COURSE POLICIES
❑ CLASS POLICY

Prompt and regular attendance of students is highly encouraged.

Students who have acquired multiple absences WITHOUT VALID
REASONS, PROPER DOCUMENTATION, and APPROVAL FROM
THE INSTRUCTOR will be informed accordingly for appropriate
action.
 COURSE POLICIES
❑ MISSED EXAMINATION

Students who failed to take the exam during the schedule date
can be given a special exam provided he/she has valid reason. If
it is health reason, he/she should provide the faculty with the
medical certificate signed by the attending Physician. Other
reasons shall be assessed first by the faculty to determine its
validity.
 COURSE POLICIES
❑ ACADEMIC DISHONESTY

Academic dishonesty includes acts such as cheating during

examinations or plagiarism in connection with any academic
work. Such acts are considered major offenses and will be dealt
with according to the University’s Student Norms of Conduct.
 COURSE POLICIES
❑ DROPPING

Academic dishonesty includes acts such as cheating during

examinations or plagiarism in connection with any academic
work. Such acts are considered major offenses and will be dealt
with according to the University’s Student Norms of Conduct.

A student who unofficially drops out of class shall be given a

mark of “5.0” by the instructor.
 COURSE POLICIES
❑ DROPPING

Academic dishonesty includes acts such as cheating during

examinations or plagiarism in connection with any academic
work. Such acts are considered major offenses and will be dealt
with according to the University’s Student Norms of Conduct.

A student who unofficially drops out of class shall be given a

mark of “5.0” by the instructor.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
OM 101
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
An Environmental Management System
(EMS) is a framework that helps an
organization achieve its environmental goals
through consistent review, evaluation, and
improvement of its environmental
performance. The assumption is that this
consistent review and evaluation will
identify opportunities for improving and
implementing the environmental
performance of the organization. The EMS
itself does not dictate a level of
environmental performance that must be
achieved; each organization's EMS is tailored
to its own individual objectives and targets.
 BRIEF HISTORY OF EMS
❑ 1990 to 1994: Compliance management (CM) meant focusing on regulation
and relying on environmental departments to react to issues.
❑ 1994 to 1998: Environmental management systems (EMS) brought a more
systematic, organization-wide focus on environmental issues.
❑ 1998 to 2002: Environmental information management systems (EIMS)
involve using web-based systems and integrating multiple systems.
❑ 2002 to 2006: Environmental process management systems (EPMS) make
use of quality tools, using a project focus to drive improvements.
❑ 2006 to current: Sustainability requires integrating environmental, social,
and economic goals and using best practices to address risk and uncertainty.
Environmental Management
System
An environmental
management system is a
management tool used in
corporations and other
types of organizations with
the primary objective of
improving their
environmental
performance.
 Environmental Management
System
The implementation of environmental management systems should
follow a number of guiding principles. According to these,
organizations should:
❑evaluate their environmental aspects and impacts on a regular basis
❑strive for compliance with environmental regulations
❑improve their environmental performance
❑set goals in order to achieve continuous development
❑prevent pollution whenever possible and
❑take a stakeholder approach when defining and implementing
environmental goals and strategies.
 Environmental Management
System
An environmental management system can also be interpreted as an
instrument, which integrates all other environmental management tools
available to company management in order to enhance their effectiveness.
Tools, which can be integrated in an EMS include:
❑environmental performance evaluation
❑environmental accounting
❑eco-design, life cycle approach
❑environmental/responsible supply chain management
❑environmental communication and marketing - environmental training etc
Environmental Management
System
POEMS (Product Oriented EMS)
integrates eco-design (Design for
Environment, DfE) initiatives into
existing EMS using the life-cycle
approach. POEMS may facilitate better
identification of material and energy
flows and a move from a process focus
to a broader set of objectives taking all
other life cycles of products and services
into account. On the other hand, EMS
can help DfE initiatives by making them
more systematic, permanent and
consistent (Tourais et al., 2016).
Environmental Management
System

In line with the life cycle perspective

to product design, environmental
management systems make
provisions regarding the
environmental characteristics of the
supply of raw materials, energy
resources and services
Structure and Elements
 Structure and elements
Environmental management systems rely on formalized management processes to achieve
their objectives, which are not predefined, but emerge as a result of an iterative
improvement process using the PDCA-cycle (also called the Deming-cycle). The elements of
the PDCA-cycle are:
❑Planning: analysis of current status and opportunities for development,setting up of
objectives and creation of a plan describing the way objectives will be met
❑Doing: implementation of the plan, experimentation and adjustment of processes, recording
of results
❑Checking: comparison of results to set objectives, analysis of achievements and deviations
from plans; checking of the completeness and appropriateness of the plan
❑Acting: integration of the lessons learned from the entire process, depending on results
either adjustment of the goal, the change of methods or the reformulation of the whole
theory.
Structure and elements
The elements of an environmental
management system should follow the logic
of the PDCA-cycle and work effectively
together towards continuous performance
improvement. The effective operation of an
EMS requires the commitment of top
management and is based on environmental
performance indicators (e.g. based on the
guidance provided by the ISO14031
standard), which facilitate goal setting,
implementation and measurement of results.
Structure and elements
The elements of an EMS are as follows.
1. Identification of environmental aspects (processes, products and services) and their
impacts on the environment (air, water, soil etc.); evaluation of impacts using
environmental performance indicators and selection of significant impacts based on a
systematic approach
2. Identification of relevant legal and other requirements; assessment of compliance
3. Planning of activities within the EMS: definition/revision of environmental policy
and the setting of objectives and targets regarding each significant impact; setting up
of an environmental management program
4. Establishment of the structure of the EMS; securing management commitment and
the assignment of responsibilities; provision of appropriate resources
5. Training and increasing environmental awareness and required competences
Structure and elements
6. Establishment of processes for internal and external communications; maintenance
of information on the EMS and related documents
7. Effective management of procedures and other system documents
8. Management of operations and potential emergencies in line with established
policy and procedures
9. Monitoring of key activities and tracking of performance and compliance with legal
requirements
10. Identification and correction of problems and prevention of their recurrence
11. Maintenance and management of records
12. Verification and review of EMS with intended objectives and continuous
development in mind
Standards and Other
Frameworks
Standard and Other
Frameworks
Organizations may develop and maintain their own environmental management
systems or they may follow third party frameworks developed with different
objectives in mind. International standards (such as the BS7750 passed in 1992 and
later replaced by the ISO 14001 issued by the International Standard Organization in
1996) have been developed to facilitate the implementation of environmental
management systems around the world. Regulations, such as the European Union’s
EMAS regulation have been developed to promote EMS in the member states and to
improve organizations’ environmental performance. Additionally, a number of
guidelines and frameworks have been developed to assist organizations with
specific needs, such as Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs), local
governments and institutions of higher education etc.
 The European Union’s
Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
(EMAS)
The European Union’s Eco-Management
and Audit Scheme (EMAS)
The European Union’s EMAS regulation was
first issued in 1993 (Council Regulation
(EEC) No 1836/93) based on the now
defunct BS7750 standard of the British
Standard Organization. EMAS prescribes
tasks and responsibilities for member states
regarding the promotion and registration of
environmental management systems within
the European Union and provides guidance
to organizations regarding the
implementation of their EMSs.
 The European Union’s Eco-Management
and Audit Scheme (EMAS)
EMAS requires that member states:
❑ Designate Competent Bodies, which are responsible for the registration of
organizations and provide them with appropriate resources
❑ Appoint Accreditation Bodies responsible for the accreditation of environmental
verifiers
❑ Provide assistance to organizations relating to compliance to environmental
regulations
❑ Provide information about EMAS to the public
❑ Promote EMAS to small organizations
❑ Report to the European Commission regarding the status of implementing EMAS.
 The European Union’s Eco-Management
and Audit Scheme (EMAS)
Since 2004, the EMAS regulation (EMAS II. –Regulation (EC) No 761/2001)
integrates the provisions of the ISO 14001 standard, but EMAS registered
organizations should go beyond the international standard since –
additional to the requirements of ISO 14001 – EMAS requires the followings
from an organization:
❑An initial environmental review to identify its environmental aspects
❑The demonstration of full compliance with environmental legislation
❑Open dialogue with employees and interested parties, including
stakeholders, local authorities and suppliers and
❑The provision of a public statement of its environmental performance
(European communities, 2011)
 The European Union’s Eco-Management
and Audit Scheme (EMAS)
The latest EMAS regulation (EMAS III. – Regulation (EC) No 1221/2009) passed in 2009 brings
about a number of changes in order to increase the popularity of the system among
organizations and to pose more rigorous requirements for certification:
❑EMAS is applicable worldwide, thus organizations from all around the world may receive
certification
❑Small and medium enterprises (under 250 employees) and local municipalities may request an
extension of the renewal frequency of EMAS registration to the competent bodies
❑Sectoral reference documents are developed by the European commission to help
implementation
❑Organizations with several sites need to apply for one single registration - organizations should
report a number of core indicators in their environmental statements (UGA, 2010)
The European Commission brands EMAS as a ‘premium label’ for organizations implementing
and maintaining an EMS, since it incorporates more rigorous requirements than other
frameworks.
Environmental Management
System Standards
Environmental Management
System Standards
The growing public interest in
environmental issues and concern for
environmental quality has led to the
emergence of strict pollution control
regimes. This has brought about the
development and implementation of
various voluntary schemes and
standards for environmental
management and pollution control.
Notable examples are BS 7750, the
European Union’s Eco-Management
and Audit Scheme (EMAS) and the ISO
14000 series.
 Environmental Management
System Standards
In this context, putting in place systems to meet with these standards assume
significance. An environmental management system (EMS) of an organization is a
system designed to:
❑Meet the regulatory and legislative system requirements;
❑Improve the control of the environmental impact;
❑Provide confidence to the customers that the products and services are
manufactured with the aim of reducing the negative impact on the environment;
❑Suitably accommodate changing market trends and gain competitive edge; reduce
the costs associated with environmental liabilities and insurance;
❑Gain public and media support
 Environmental Management
System Standards
Most EMSs are built on the notational model illustrated in Figure
7.1. This ‘plan-do-check-act’ model leads to continuous
Environment Management 314 improvement based upon:
❑Planning, including identifying environmental aspects and
establishing goals (plan); implementing, including training and
operational controls (do);
❑Checking, including monitoring and corrective action (check);
❑Reviewing, including progress reviews and acting to incorporate
required changes in the EMS (act).
Environmental Management
System Standards
To reiterate, this model ensures
that environmental matters are
systematically identified,
controlled and monitored. It
also helps ensure that
performance of the EMS is
improved over time
Core elements of EMS
7.1.1
 Core elements of EMS
a) Environmental policy: An environmental policy is usually
published as a written statement, expressing the commitment of the
senior management to improving appropriate environmental
performance. It is most often understood as a public statement of
the intentions and principles of action for the organization
regarding the environment.
b) Environment action plan: An environment programme or action
plan describes the measures the organization will take over the
coming year(s). The action plan essentially translates the
environmental policies of the organization into objectives and
targets and identifies the activities to achieve them, defines
responsibilities and commits the necessary human and financial
resources for implementation.
Core elements of EMS
Environment related organizational structures: The structures
establish assignments, delegate authority and assign responsibility for
actions. In the case of organizations with multiple sites or different
activities, structures for the organization as a whole as well as for the
separate operating units are necessary.
Integration of environmental concerns: The integration of
environmental management into regular operation means the
establishment of procedures for incorporating environmental
measures into other operational aspects such as the protection of
workers, purchasing, R&D, product development and acquisitions,
marketing, finance, etc., in the case of companies and the safety, health
and welfare of the community in the case of a local government.
Figure 7.2
Because of the cyclic nature of the model, EMS
is very dynamic in that a change or revision in
any of the core elements of the system will
have a chain/cascading effect on other
elements. Note that while there are several
EMS models available, the model presented in
Figure 7.2 uses the standards set by ISO 14001
as a starting point for describing EMS elements.
This is so, mainly, due to the fact that: ISO
14001 is a widely accepted international
standard for EMS that focuses on continual
improvement. Companies may be asked to
demonstrate conformance with ISO 14001 as a
condition of doing business in some markets.
Benefits of EMS
7.1.2
 The benefits of EMS include:
❑Improved environmental performance.
❑Enhanced compliance.
❑Prevention of pollution/resource conservation.
❑New customers/markets.
❑Increased efficiency/reduced costs.
❑Enhanced employee morale.
❑Enhanced image with public, regulators, lenders, investors.
❑Employee awareness of environmental issues and responsibilities.
Certification body
assessments of EMS
7.1.3
Certification body assessments of EMS
To be certified, an organization has to
demonstrate that the EMS functions
and the various control mechanisms
are properly operational. In practice,
this means that the EMS has been
operational for a minimum of 3 months,
the internal audit system is fully
operational and that one management
review has been conducted (Tech
Monitor, Vol. 12. No. 5 Sept-Oct 1995).
 Based on the following conditions, certificates
are issued:
❑Non-conformities identified have been addressed and eliminated.
❑The certification body has justified confidence that all provisions in
the EMS standard have been met, and, in particular, that provision for
compliance with the organization's policy and objectives is effective.
❑The principle of continuous improvement of environmental
performance has been stated within an environmental programme
and is being adhered to play in the EMS.
❑All key staff (i.e., those involved in managing significant effects) have
undergone a training need analysis and have received training.
 Certification body assessments of EMS
a) Regulatory compliance: An organization with a certified EMS has a system that
should achieve continuing compliance with regulatory requirements applicable to
the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services. The certification
body confirms that a system designed to achieve the necessary compliance is
operating effectively. An organization with a certified EMS is responsible for
continuing compliance with all the regulatory requirements and, therefore, must
maintain a record of incidents of non-compliance and the remedial action.
b) Surveillance audits: At each surveillance, the certification body should pay
attention to the following:
✔ The effectiveness of the EMS with regard to achieving the objectives of the
organization's environmental policy.
✔an interview with management responsible for the EMS;
 Certification body assessments of EMS
✔the functioning of procedures for
notifying the authorities of any breaches;
✔progress of planned activities aimed at
continuous improvement of
environmental performance, where
applicable;
✔follow up conclusions resulting from
internal audits;
✔action taken on non-conformities
identified during the previous audit.
Documentation for EMS
7.1.4
 Documentation for EMS
❖While data relates to fact, information refers to a series of data analyzed to
provide a decision. Information is an answer to a question. All information
comes from data, but not all data come from information (Tech Monitor, Vol. 12.
No. 5 Sept-Oct 1995). In other words, executives making decisions often receive
excessive amounts of data, but they do not always get the information they
need, presented clearly and adequately for use in decision-making.
❖Environmental effects may have been considered within safety reviews, hazard
and operability studies and risk/consequence analysis, etc. In such cases, the
EMS documentation should refer to the critical areas where significant effects
are covered by other management systems. The EMS documentation should be
available to all appropriate staff and should be kept up-to-date.
Environmental management manual
A key EMS document is a company’s
environment manual. This is a document
that establishes the general policy of a
company on this issue. It usually contains
an environmental policy and a clear
statement on the person who is in charge
of verification of activities in the
organisational structure pertaining to the
maintenance of the environmental
system. It lays down how each
requirement of the policy will be handled
in the organisation and includes a list of
all procedures.
 Environmental management manual
❑The manual also contains a description of the system, which was or is being
implemented. There are considerable benefits in preparing a manual:
❑clarifies responsibilities;
❑is useful for audit purposes;
❑can be highly effective for training of new employees;
❑makes easier the process of obtaining approval of licenses from protection
agencies;
❑is useful for marketing purposes