R. N. G.

PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY-RNGPIT, Bardoli

[Formerly known as FETR]
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines

SUBJECT CODE: 3141906 | B.E. 4th SEMESTER

Topic Title:
FLUID AND THEIR PROPERTIES-1

Dr. JITENDRA B. CHAUDHARI

Assistant Professor
M. Tech, (Turbo-Machines) Ex. Design Engineer, Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. HAL
Ph.D., (Combustion Technology) Ex. Production Engineer, Suzlon Energy Ltd.
Email: jbc.fetr@gmail.com, M: 960 156 4684
Quick Revision
Types of Fluid
 v

The density of most gases is proportional to pressure and inversely proportional to temperature.

Sometimes the density of a substance is given relative to the density of a well-known substance
Viscosity - Basic Concept
 Motion of Fluid
• When force F is applied, exerts
Shear Stress F/A
• No slip at bottom fixed plate

Shear Stress  =
F du
=
A dy  − Kinematic Vis cos ity
du 
− angular velosity  − Dynamic Vis cos ity =
dy 
• The relation between shear stress and rate of angular
deformation for 1–D flow of fluid is called as “Newton’s Law of
Viscosity .
Viscosity of Different Fluids

Effect of Temperature
 Vapour Pressure and Cavitation

Fig. A Two aspects of Cavitation bubble formation in liquid flows: (a) Beauty: spiral bubble sheets
form from the surface of a marine propeller. (Courtesy of the Garfield Thomas Water Tunnel,
Pennsylvania State University); (b) ugliness: collapsing bubbles erode a propeller surface. (Courtesy
of Thomas T. Huang, David Taylor Research Center.)
 Equations
mass of fluid
Density (  ) = kg / m 3
volume of fluid

Weight of fluid
Specific weight / WeightDensity ( w) = = g N / m 3
Volume of fluid
Volume of fluid 3
Specific volume = m / kg
Weight of fluid

F du
Dynamic Visosity  = =  N / m2
A dy
 Problems
• A liquid has specific gravity of 0.92. Find its mass density,
specific weight and specific volume.
mass density of liquid
Specific Gravity =
mass density of water

Specific weight of liquid = g

1
Specific volume of liquid =
Specific Weight
 Problems
• A liquid has specific gravity of 0.92. Find its mass density,
specific weight and specific volume.
mass densityof liquid
SpecificGravity =
mass densityof water
Mass density of liquid = Specific Gravity * mass density of water
3
Mass density of liquid = 0.92 * 1000 = 920 kg / m

Specific weight of liquid = g = 920 * 9.81 = 9025.2N / m 3

1
Specific volume of liquid = = 0.00011 m 3 / N
Specific Weight
 Problems

• The velocity distribution of water over a plate

is given by u = 2 y − y 2 where u is the velocity in
3
m/s at a distance of y meters above the plate.
Determine the shear stress at y=0.2 m. Take
dynamic viscosity of water 7.34 X 10-5 N-s/m2.
• The velocity distribution of water over a plate is given by
2
u = y − y 2 where, u is the velocity in m/s at a distance of y
3
meters above the plate. Determine the shear stress at y=0.2 m.
Take dynamic viscosity of water 7.34 X 10-5 N-s/m2.
2 F du du
u = y − y2  = =  = = 7.34 *10 −5 * 0.266
3 A dy dy
= 1.952 *10 −5 N / m 2
du 2
= − 2y
dy 3
du 2
Velocity gradient at y=0.2 m = − 2 * 2 = 0.266 S −1
dy 3