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Lab05.Pulse Oximeter
Lab05.Pulse Oximeter
Webster 2/20/00
Introduction
The Criticare pulse oximeter measures arterial percent oxygen saturation (SaO2 ) and
pulse rate using the principles of spectrophotometry and photoplethysmography. The
anesthesiologist depends on the pulse oximeter to provide early warning of malfunction of
ventilator, intubation, ventilation, cardiac output, etc.
Light from two light-emitting diodes at two different wavelengths [typically 660 nm
(red) and 940 nm (infrared)] passes through the tissue and is sensed by a photodiode. As the
heart ejects oxygenated blood into the tissue, the instrument ignores all absorption in the steady-
state tissue and measures only the absorption in the tissue that is expanded by the pressure pulse.
This expanded volume contains arterial oxygenated blood.
There are two transmitter/sensor geometries. In the transmission mode, the light source
and sensor are on opposite sides of the tissue being measured (such as a finger or ear lobe); the
light passes through the tissue. In the reflective mode, the sensor and light source are on the
same body surface (such as the chest), and the light reflects from the tissue. The finger sensor
provided operates as a transmission sensor, where the multisite sensor can be used either way.
This model of pulse oximeter has an "ultrasync" feature that use the electrocardiogram
(ECG) to cancel drift and motion artifact in the SaO2 signal.
Before the lab: Read material about oxygen saturation from J. G. Webster (ed.),
Bioinstrumentation, Section 3.2 at the coursepage
http://www.engr.wisc.edu/cgi/courses/list/bme/310/webster/
Laboratory equipment
Procedure
1. Plug CSI Model 902 DC adapter into the power line and plug the output cable into AC
CHARGER input on back of 504-US. Note front panel AC green light on. Press
POWER.
2. Read operator’s manual pp. 1-6 through 1-7. Line up red dots and plug in finger sensor. Note
display. Apply sensor to finger. Note display.
3. Familiarize yourself with all functions and make notes in the pulse oximeter data sheet
provided, consulting the operator’s manual when needed.
4. Remove sensor from finger to obtain alarm, then replace.
5. Unplug sensor to obtain alarm, then replace.
6. Press PULSE VOLUME. Press again.
7. Press and hold PULSE VOLUME to obtain each possible number on screen.
8. Remove sensor to cause alarm, then press ALARM SILENCE key. Record time for alarm to
resume.
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BME 310 Lab 5 Pulse oximeter, John G. Webster 2/20/00
Results
1. The SaO2 measurement is based on absorbance. Explain how the 2-wavelength method
allows accurate SaO2 measurements in people with vastly different skin pigmentation.
2. Sketch the SaO2 probe. Is it a transmission or reflective device? Explain the
advantages/disadvantages of each type. Explain forehead operation versus finger
operation.
3. Explain how photoplethysmography is used to obtain the pulse waveform.
4. Give the results of pulse wave velocity in procedure 16.
5. In procedure 17, explain the effect of each light source.
6. In procedure 18, explain the effect of sync mode.
7. In procedure 20, explain the result.
8. In procedure 21, explain the result.
9. In procedure 22, explain the result.
10. In procedure 23, explain the result.
11. Suggest a way to make the device more user friendly to nontechnical health care
personnel.
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BME 310 Lab 5 Pulse oximeter, John G. Webster 2/20/00
Pulse volume
Alarm silence
Magnify
Event
Trend
Waveform
Alarm menu
Feed
Smart alarms
Show alarms
Averaging times
Ultrasync