SECTION 3.

4 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities

Section 3.4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

and Inequalities

 Solving Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

 Solving Exponential and Logarithmic Inequalities

Solving Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

Solving Exponential Equations:

Example:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 313

CHAPTER 3 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Solution:

314 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 3.4 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities

Solving Logarithmic Equations:

Example:

Solution:

Example:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 315

CHAPTER 3 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Solution:

Example:

Solution:

316 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 3.4 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities

Additional Example 1:

Solution:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 317

CHAPTER 3 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Additional Example 2:

Solution:

318 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 3.4 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities

Additional Example 3:

Solution:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 319

CHAPTER 3 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Additional Example 4:

Solution:

Additional Example 5:

Solution:

Additional Example 6:

320 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 3.4 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities

Solution:

Solving Exponential and Logarithmic Inequalities

Properties of Inequality Involving Exponential Functions:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 321

CHAPTER 3 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Properties of Inequality Involving Logarithmic Functions:

322 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 3.4 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities

Example:

Solution:

Example:

Solution:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 323

CHAPTER 3 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Example:

Solution:

324 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 3.4 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities

Additional Example 1:

Solution:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 325

CHAPTER 3 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Additional Example 2:

Solution:

Additional Example 3:

Solution:

326 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 SECTION 3.4 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities

Additional Example 4:

Solution:

MATH 1330 Precalculus 327

 Exercise Set 3.4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities

Solve each of the following equations. 16. 83 x 2  5

(a) Solve for x. (Note: Further simplification may
occur in step (b).) Write the answer in terms x
of natural logarithms, unless no logarithms 17. 32 3  20
are involved.
x
(b) Rewrite the answer so that each individual 18. 12 6  18
logarithm from part (a) is written as a sum or
difference of logarithms of prime numbers, 19. 54 x  67 x1
   
e.g., ln  40   ln 23  5  ln 23  ln  5 
20. 7 x  3  158 x
 3 ln  2   ln  5  .
Write the answer in simplest form. 21. 23 x 1  82 x 5

(c) If the simplified answer from part (b)

contains logarithms, rewrite the answer as a 22. 124 x 3  45 x  7
decimal, correct to the nearest thousandth;
otherwise, simply rewrite the answer. 5
23. 7
3  e x
1. 7 x  12
3
8x  3 24. 4
2. 2  e x

3. e x  22 25. e 2 x  3e x  40  0

4. e x  45 26. e 2 x  5e x  14  0

5. 3  6 x  42
 
27. 32 x  2 3x  15  0

6. 2  9 x  48
 
28. 52 x  4 5x  21  0
7. e 7 3
x

29. 49 x  7 x  6  0
8. e  9  3
x

30. 4 x  8  2 x  7  0
3 x
9. 19 7
31. x 2  7 x  9  7 x  0
2 x
10. 5 3
32. x 2  2 x  16  2 x  0
11. 6e  13 x

33. x 2 e x  4 xe x  5e x  0
12. 8e  18 x

34. x 2 e x  8 xe x  12e x  0
5x4
13. e  5  31
35. 2log 2 (3 x  7)  3 x  7
14. 2e7 3 x  20
36. 6log6 (5 x  9)  5 x  9
15. 7 x 4
 10

328 University of Houston Department of Mathematics

 Exercise Set 3.4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities

Solve each of the following equations. Write all 56. log 2 ( x  7)  log 2 ( x  9)  log 2 11
answers in simplest form.

37. ln x  8 57. log5  3x  5  log5  x  11  0

38. ln x  12 58. log 6 (2 x  1)  log 6 ( x  5)  0

39. ln x  7 59. log 2  x  4   3  log 2  x  5

40. ln x  10
60. log3 15 x  8  2  log3  x  1

41. log x  3
61. log 3  log( x  4)  log 5  log( x  3)

42. log x  2
62. ln 6  ln( x  8)  ln 9  ln( x  3)

43. log 5 ( x  1)  2
63. 2 log x  log 2  log( x  12)

44. log 2 (3 x  7)  5
64. 2 log x  log 4  log( x  8)

45. log  4 x  1  3  5
65. ln ln  x    5

46. log(2 x  1)  7  4
66. ln  ln  x    5
47. ln(3x  8)  6  3

67. e    5
ln x

48. ln(5 x  4)  2  9

68. e    5
ln x

49. ln x  ln( x  5)  ln 6

50. ln x  ln( x  7)  ln18

 
69. ln x 4  4 ln  x 

70. ln  x    4 ln  x 
4
51. log 2 x  log 2 ( x  2)  3

52. log 6 x  log 6 ( x  1)  1  

71. log 7 3x 2  2log 7  3x 

53. log 2 ( x  3)  log 2 ( x  2)  1

72. log 7  3 x   2 log 7  3 x 
2

54. log 6 ( x  2)  log 6 ( x  3)  1

73. 2log  x   log 25

55. log 7 ( x  8)  log 7 ( x  5)  log 7 4

74. 2ln  x   ln 100 

MATH 1330 Precalculus 329

 Exercise Set 3.4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities

For each of the following inequalities, 88. log 2  x   0

(a) Solve for x. (Note: Further simplification may
occur in step (b).) Write the answer in terms 89. ln  7  3x   0
of natural logarithms, unless no logarithms
are involved.
90. ln  5 x  2   0
(b) Rewrite the answer so that each individual
logarithm from part (a) is written as a sum or
difference of logarithms of prime numbers,
   
e.g., ln  40   ln 23  5  ln 23  ln  5 
 3 ln  2   ln  5  .
Simplify further if possible, and then write the
answer in interval notation.
(c) If the simplified answer from part (b)
contains logarithms, rewrite the answer as a
decimal, correct to the nearest thousandth;
otherwise, simply rewrite the answer. Then
write this answer in interval notation.

75. 8 x 3  15

76. 7 x 4  2

77. 7 x  0

78. 7 x  0

79. e 2  x  9

80. e x  4  10

81. 0.2 x  7

82. 0.8 x  6


83. 8 0.4 x  2  109 

84. 9 3  0.75x  11 

85. 5 8  e x  6
86. 9  e   4
x

87. log 2  x   0

330 University of Houston Department of Mathematics