Steel Structures Design Sessional

Course Code: CE 3202

Lecture No: 04

Presented by-
Nadira Islam Nila
Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering
Northern University of Business & Technology Khulna
 Mean height of
roof

10′
H=12′+
2
=17′
=5.1829 m

Figure: Elevation
GL
 Wind
direction

Figure: Plan
Different parameters for wind load calculation:
Truss location: Dhaka

𝑉𝑏 =Basic wind speed in km/h = 210 km/h

B= Horizontal dimension of the building, in meters measured normal to wind direction =

Bay distance (Truss-to –Truss spacing) = 25 feet= 7.6219 meter.

L= Horizontal dimension of the building, in meters measured parallel to wind direction=

Span of truss= 40 feet= 12.1951 meter.

H= Average/ mean height of the roof in meters = 17 feet=5.1829 meter.

z= Height above the ground in meters

𝜃= Angle of the plane of roof from horizontal, degrees= 26.5651° (degree)

𝐶𝐶 = Velocity to pressure conversion co-efficient = 47.2 x 10−6

𝐶𝐼 = Structure importance co-efficient (a factor that accounts for the degree of hazard to
hazard to human life and damage to property) =`1.00 for standard occupancy structures

𝐶𝑧 = Combined height and exposure co-efficient = 0.3897 for exposure A

Calculation of wind pressure:
𝐶𝑧 = 0.1879 (𝑧)0.4435 ≥ 0.368
z = height above ground in meters

Here, z=h= 5.1829 meter (17 feet)

𝐶𝑧 = 0.1879 (5.1829)0.4435
= 0.3897 > 0.368

𝐶𝐺 = Gust response co-efficient = 1.6257 exposure A

𝐶𝑃𝑒 = External pressure co-efficient = -0.14345 for windward side, wind direction normal
to ridge

𝐶𝑃𝑒 = External pressure co-efficient = -0.70 for leeward side, wind direction normal to
ridge
𝑞𝑧 = Sustained wind pressure in KN/m2

𝑃𝑧 = Design wind pressure in KN/m2

𝑞𝑧 = 𝐶𝑐 𝐶𝐼 𝐶𝑧 𝑉𝑏 2

= 47.2 × 10−6 × 1 × 0.3897 × (210)2

𝑞𝑧 = 0.81137 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2

𝑃𝑧 = 𝐶𝐺 𝐶𝑃𝑒 𝑞𝑧

Design wind pressure for windward side, 𝑃𝑧 = (1.6257) x (-0.14345) x (0.81137)

𝑃𝑧 = −0.189216891 KN/m2 = −3.947747 psf (suction) [1KN/m2 = 20.88 psf]

Design wind pressure for leeward side, 𝑃𝑧 = (1.6257) x (-0.70) x (0.81137)

𝑃𝑧 = −0.9233309463 KN/m2 = −19.26419306 psf (suction)

[1KN/m2 = 20.88 psf]

Positive value of design wind pressure indicates thrust (compression) & negative
value of design wind pressure indicates suction (tension). Design wind pressure always
acts normal/perpendicular to the roof surface.
Calculation of UDL on purlin:
UDL on purlin on windward side = (design wind pressure on the windward side x purlin
spacing)

= -3.947747 psf x 7.4535 feet

= -29.4247 lb/ft

UDL on purlin on leeward side = (design wind pressure on the leeward side X purlin
spacing)

= -19.26429 psf x 7.4535 feet

= -143.5857 lb/ft

Since wind load acts perpendicular to the roof surface, these loads will be combined
with the Y component of the dead load (WDLy) to get the resultant load. It is clear from
the above that the leeward side will govern since its magnitude is higher.
Resultant load in Y direction, 𝑊𝑦 = 𝑊𝐷𝐿𝑦 + 𝑃𝑧

(i.e. resultant load perpendicular to roof surface)= (+23.332 − 143.4856) lb/ft

𝑊𝑦 = −120.2536 lb/ft

𝑊𝑦 (𝐿)2
𝑀𝑥𝑥 =
8
−120.2536 × 252
= lb-ft
8
= -9394.8125 lb-ft

𝑀𝑥𝑥 = −9.3948 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑓𝑡

Load (𝑊𝐷𝐿𝑥 ) in X direction (in plane of roof) remains the same, so moment about Y axis
remains the same )

𝑀𝑌𝑌 = 0.22785 kip-ft

Allowable bending stress, 𝐹𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦

For A36 steel, 𝐹𝑏 = 0.66 × 36 ksi

=23.76 ksi
Calculation of actual bending stress:
𝑀𝑥𝑥 (𝐶𝑦 ) 𝑀𝑦𝑦 (𝐶𝑥 )
Bending stress developed in purlin section, f = ±
𝐼𝑥𝑥 𝐼𝑦𝑦

𝑀𝑥𝑥 (𝐶𝑦 ) 𝑀𝑦𝑦 (𝐶𝑥 )

Maximum bending stress developed on purlin section, f = +
𝐼𝑥𝑥 𝐼𝑦𝑦
𝑀𝑥𝑥 𝑀𝑦𝑦
= +
𝐼𝑥𝑥 𝐼𝑦𝑦
൘𝐶 ൘𝐶
𝑦 𝑦
𝑀𝑥𝑥 𝑀𝑦𝑦
= +
𝑆𝑥𝑥 𝑆𝑦𝑦
For previously selected channel section (for dead load) C 4×5.4

𝑆𝑥𝑥 = 1.10 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ3 & 𝑆𝑦𝑦 = 0.202 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ3

 9.3948 × 12 0.22785 × 12
𝑓= +
1.10 0.202

= 116.0244 ksi > 23.76 ksi (not OK)

Select Channel C 6 x 13

𝑆𝑥𝑥 = 5.78 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ3 & 𝑆𝑦𝑦 = 0.638 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ3

9.3948 × 12 0.22785 × 12
𝑓= +
5.78 0.638

= 23.723 𝑘𝑠𝑖 < 23.76 𝑘𝑠𝑖 (OK)

Check self-weight of purlin:
13 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡
For C 6 x 13 channel, self-weight is 13 lb/ft which is equivalent to = =1.744 psf
7.453 𝑓𝑡
(distributed load over the roof surface)

which is greater than previously/initially assumed purlin self-weight 1.50 psf. Although
the purlin C 6 x 13 is adequate for resisting bending moment (i.e. bending stress) but its
self-weight is high. So, not Ok & select another section.

Select a C 7×9.8

For this Sxx = 6.07 inch3 & Syy = 0.617 inch3

9.3948×12 0.22785×12
Bending Stress= + = 23.004 ksi < 23.76 ksi
6.07 0.617
9.8 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡
Self weight = = 1.315 psf < 1.5 psf
7.453 𝑓𝑡
 Loading Selected channel Check bending Check self-weight
section stress
Dead load only C 4 x 5.4 OK OK
Dead load + Wind C 7 x 9.8 Ok Ok
load

Finally selected channel for purlins: C 7×9.8