AAA771 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCTION

WIND EFFECT ON HIGH-RISE BUILDING FORM

(COURSEWORK no. 2)

PREPARED FOR :
AR. MOHD ALJEFFRI HUSSIN

PREPARED BY :
`AINI AZ-ZAHRA` BINTI HAJI ISMAIL
2021259034
870404105204

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 TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE

1.0 INTRODUCTION 2

1.1 HIGH RISE BUILDING NO.1 3

1.2 HIGH RISE BUILDING NO.2 4

2.0 THEORY ASPECTS OF WIND EFFECTS ON SHAPE AND FORM OF 5

HIGH RISE BUIDING
3.0 DISCUSSION

3.1 WIND EFFECTS ON HIGH RISE BUILDING NO.1 9

3.2 WIND EFFECTS ON HIGH RISE BUILDING NO.2 11

4.0 CONCLUSION 14
PROPOSED DESIGN OF HIGH RISE BUILDING IN AAA 750
ADVANCED DESIGN 2

5.0 REFERENCES 17

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The development of high-rise buildings has grown along with the city. The limited land area
especially in cities leads to rising land costs, making high-rise buildings one of the solutions to make
profits in development. The term high-rise usually refers to 15 to 50 storeys. For high-rise buildings,
the structural load is the main thing to be studied, and there is dead load, live load and
environmental load

This assignment will relate to wind loads which is one of environmental load. Thus, study on
how wind effects on building forms. As stated in the assignment brief that the main objective of the
assignment is to discuss the shape and form of completed high-rise buildings that could lower the
wind resistance and in turn decreasing the wind effects on building façade. This assignment will
study on two completed high rise buildings which more than 10 stories and preferences will relates
to the proposed design of high rise building in AAA 750 Advanced Design II studio.

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1.1 HIGH RISE BUILDING NO.1
Building : Ascencia Residential Tower

Project team
Architect : GDP Architects
Together with JPS Consulting Engineers Sdn Bhd, Jurutera Perunding Valdun Sdn Bhd, ARH
Jurukur Bahan Sdn Bhd and Whola Design Associates Sdn Bhd

Location : Taman Tun Dr Ismail, Kuala Lumpur

Number of stories : 36 stories
Date of completion: 2016
Site Area : 0.86 acres
Gross Floor Area : 176,615 sq.ft
Site Area : 136,880 sq.ft

TTDI Ascencia is a serviced apartment tower conceived as a vertical neighbourhood. The

apartment floors are clustered into five layers, separated by intermediate levels. The extrusion
of these rectilinear volumes create gaps, allowing shadow and light to animate the spaces.

Figure 1.1 Perspective view on completed Ascencia Apartment

(Source: http://www.nazattdi.com)

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1.2 HIGH RISE BUILDING NO.2

Building : The Troika

Project team
Architect : Fosters and Partners (GDP Architects)
Together with Northcroft Quantity Surveyor, Seksan Design Landscape Architect, Web
Structures Singapore (Structural Engineer) & Valdun (Environmental Engineer)
Location : Kuala Lumpur

Number of stories : three apartment towers – 38 stories, 44 stories and 50 stories respectively
Date of completion: 2011
Area : 95,000m²
Height : 204m

The Troika is a luxury three-tower residential development in Kuala Lumpur and one of the
most prestigious and preferred addresses in the city. The project comprises 3 towers whose
twisted geometry is derived from the idea of maximising the existing views of Kuala Lumpur
and the Petronas Tower.

Figure 1.2 Perspective view on completed The Troika

(Source: https://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/the-troika)

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2.0 THEORY ASPECTS OF WIND EFFECTS ON SHAPE AND FORM OF HIGH RISE
BUIDING

2.1 THEORY BY Nizamani et al., (2018)

The study addresses three issues, namely wind patterns in Malaysia, basic wind speeds and
changes in wind speeds with increasing height. Furthermore, Lateral force resisting systems define
as vertical elements that transfer lateral loads, including wind, seismic forces and stability forces
through floor or roof diaphragms to the buildings’ foundation. They help keep a structure from
blowing over collapsing. The selected case study was analysed based on Malaysian standard
MS1553:2002. The Malaysian Department of Standards Malaysia has developed the national
annex for wind loading, namely MS1553:2002. The study by Nizamani et al., (2018) also stated that
the base shear of a building increases as the building height increases and the bending moment of
a building increases as the building height increases.

The Malaysian Standard of Code of Practise on Wind loading for building structure specifies
procedures for determining wind speeds and wind effects to be used in structural design. The
standard applies to structures with a height of less than 200 m, with a roof span of less than 100 m,
and to structures other than offshore structures, bridges, and transmission towers (Nizamani et al.,
2018).

Peninsular Malaysia, whose base wind speed is assumed to be Vs = 33.5 m/s, where the zone II is
the outer coastal perimeter of Peninsular Malaysia, whose base wind speed is assumed to be Vs =
32.5 m/s (Nizamani et al., 2018).

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2.2 THEORY BY MALEKI, (2011)

Maleki's (2011) study states that wind speed is close to zero near the earth's surface and increases
with height. However, the construction of tall buildings in an area with low buildings changes the
wind conditions at street level. Wind hitting the surface of tall buildings is deflected towards the
ground, resulting in high wind speeds on the windward side and near the corners of buildings at
street or pedestrian level. (Maleki, 2011)

Figure 2.2.1 High wind at the ground-level corners

Figure 2.2.3 The Tower-on-podium

Figure 2.2.1 Accelerated horizontal wind

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2.3 THEORY BY CHANDRASEKARAN, (2021)

Chandrasekaran (2021) focus on vortex shedding topic. The study stated dynamic wind-induced
vibrations in tall buildings are the result of turbulent winds interacting with the structure at its natural
frequencies. In particular vortex shedding resonant behaviour typically occurs within rather specific
wind speed ranges, and it is influenced by the architectural form of the tall building itself.

Figure 2.3.1 Shows the study on velocity contours along and around the faces of a tall building
under wind oscillation [contours of relative velocity angle (degrees) (time = 1e-05).
(Source : Chandrasekaran, 2021)

Figure 2.3.2 shows mechanism of vortex shedding: (A) shear layer on both sides, (B) flow
separation from the surface, (C) vortex B, pulled into wake region, and (D) vortex B sheds to draw
vortex C into wake. (Source : Chandrasekaran, 2021)

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Vortex is one of the critical phenomena that affects tall slender towers. Whether vortex shedding
becomes a problem for the building is depends on the consideration. Firstly, the frequency of
vibration the building and secondly the frequency at which the vortices are shed. (Chandrasekaran,
2021)

Figure 2.3.3 show direction of wind for a solid building

Figure 2.3.4 show direction of wind for a building with void.

The wind flow gives better result as it can through the building. (Mironova, 2020)

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3.0 DISCUSSION
3.1 WIND EFFECTS ON ASCENCIA RESIDENTAL TOWER

The apartment floors are clustered into five layers, separated by intermediate levels. The extrusion
of these rectilinear volumes create gaps, allowing shadow and light to animate the spaces.

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Figure 3.1.1 Shows the main façade of the tower.

Figure 3.1.2 Shows the void on top of the frame structure to allow the wind to flow.

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Figure 3.1.3 a & b Shows the solid form of the tower in elevation view. Therefore, the strategy for
wind load is on the material and finishes of the façade. Shading devices and vent block were
chosen to allow the ventilation.

Figure 3.1. Shows the how the architect plays with exposed column that effect on façade of the
building so the wind velocity can be reduced.

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3.2 WIND EFFECTS ON THE TROIKA TOWER

Architect made their design maximize the interaction between architectural and structural
expression. The unusual slender concrete sheer walls support stacked blocks are able to rotate
subtly to allow the primary living areas in balconies in each of the 230 apartments to focus on
the best available view.

The external structures slender shear holes also offer an important protective function they
support the subtle rotation of the building for example during an earthquake or in a strong wind.
The arrangements of the shear wall also offers great flexibility generating apartments with a
wide variety orientations and planned sized the interface between the flat slab floors and walls
required special built in steel connection brackets cast inside the concrete to offer a seamless
connection despite their height of up to 204 meters.

Figure 3.2.1 Shows the concrete sheer walls support stacked blocks of the apartment.

The shear walls are only 600 mm thick throughout to achieve the specified accuracy of
construction and eliminate the need for plywood shuttering precast concrete permanent
formwork panels were utilized these were only 65mm thick prefabricated in sizes of up to 4000
by 1100mm assembled in sets of three on the ground and hoisted into positioned on modifies
strong back frames.

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 3 internal cores to central and one offset work in conjunction with the coupled shear holes to
resist wind induced sway through the diaphragm. Action of the floor plates many areas are self-
shaded by the overhang of the apartment above which provides shelter on the balconies and
sky bridge link the three towers at level 24 to create a sky lobby with unrivalled panorama of
the fast changing Kuala Lumpur skyline.

Figure 3.2.2 Shows the typical floor plan of three towers. Separated building reduced the wind
velocity.

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Figure 3.2.3 Sectional view of the towers shows consideration cross ventilation not only at plan
layout but also on vertical level.

Figure 3.2.4 Shows the study on how shear wall design effect on wind load test.

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4.0 CONCLUSION
PROPOSED DESIGN OF HIGH RISE BUILDING IN AAA 750 ADVANCED DESIGN 2

The proposed vertical urbanism is the architectural solution for a new paradigm of high rise development
in the urban context. The bottom-up approach is evident in how the vertical tower programs serves local
people. This vertical urbanism can serve as an urban anchor that has a significant impact on Pudu’s
redevelopment by attracting real estate development, jobs and new services. New investments will help
bring more colour to the people of Pudu. The vertical creative arts center is proposed to be a driver of
change.

Main component of the building is three level of common facilities consist of commercial and educational
purposes, while the tower serves for artist resident which temporarily join the program to help or guide
them to have a brand in the market. Overall structure uses mainly post and beam with shear wall at
core and five individual tower concrete sheer walls support stacked blocks of the studio unit.

Figure 4.1 Shows perspective view of proposed 25 storey mix development tower.

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 Figure 4.2 Shows building layout where the wind can cross at ground level.

Figure 4.3 Shows typical layout of the tower where the wind can cross at vertical level.

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 Figure 4.4 Shows building layout where the wind can cross through proposed open bazaar.

Figure 4.5 Shows building layout where the wind can cross through the tower in between blocks
and at certain floor level which proposed as floating garden for social interaction.

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5.0 REFERENCES

Chandrasekaran, S. (Ed.). (2021). Vortex Shedding Vortex Shedding Vortex-induced vibration.

Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/C2020-0-00360-9

Maleki, M. (2011). Ar ch ive. 5(2), 1–21.

Mironova, J. (2020). Wind impact on low-rise buildings when placing high-rises into the existing
development. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 890(1).
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/890/1/012055

Nizamani, Z., Thang, K. C., Haider, B., & Shariff, M. (2018). Wind load effects on high rise buildings in
Peninsular Malaysia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 140(1).
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/140/1/012125

Ching, F. D. (2014). Building Structures Illustrated : Patterns, Systems and Design (Second Edition).
Wiley.

Nizamani, Z. (2018). Wind load effects on high rise buildings in Peninsular Malaysia. IOP Conference
Series: Earth and Environmental Science.

Ahuja, R. & Dalui, Sujit & Gupta, V.. (2006). Unpleasant Pedestrian Wind Conditions Around Buildings.

THE TROIKA (2010) Residential Tower– Persiaran KLCC, Kuala Lumpur

https://www.gdparchitects.com / the-troika

TTDI ASCENCIA (2016) Residential Tower– Kuala Lumpur https://www.gdparchitects.com/ttdi-

ascencia/

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