Design A Square Microstrip Patch Antenna for
Single Band Application
Fahim Shahriar
ID:1808042
Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology
Raojan,Chittagong.
Email:u1808042@student.cuet.ac.bd
Abstract—The fast reduction in size of personal communication
devices in recent years has created a need for more compact
antennas. The issue of antenna size and efficiency is addressed
in this paper. This study describes the design and simulation
of a square micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.45 GHz
for S-Band communications. The antenna achieves a good gain
and has a radiation pattern that covers a broad beam angle.
Using ADS, the square micro strip patch antenna was examined.
The suggested inset feed square patch antenna offers adequate
antenna gain, resonance frequency, return loss, and VSWR.
Index Terms—Micro strip antenna.
I. I NTRODUCTION
One of the most popular antenna types used today, espe-
cially in the well-liked frequency range of 1 to 3 GHz, is the
micro strip patch antenna, also known as a patch antenna. The
1970s saw the first significant growth of this sort of antenna as
communication systems, which benefited greatly from its size
and performance, became widely used at frequencies. In addi-
tion, it was appealing for airborne and spacecraft applications
due to its flat profile and lighter weight when compared to
parabolic reflectors and other antenna choices. Patch antennas
are now widely used in handsets, GPS receivers, and other
mass-produced wireless goods due to the same properties and
further size reduction using high dielectric constant materials.
The wire antenna comprises of several antenna they are short
dipole One of the most popular antenna types used today,
especially in the well-liked frequency range of 1 to 3 GHz,
is the micro strip patch antenna, also known as a patch
antenna. The 1970s saw the first significant growth of this
sort of antenna as communication systems, which benefited
greatly from its size and performance, became widely used
at frequencies. In addition, it was appealing for airborne and
spacecraft applications due to its flat profile and lighter weight
when compared to parabolic reflectors and other antenna
choices. Patch antennas are now widely used in handsets, GPS
receivers, and other mass-produced wireless goods due to the
same properties and further size reduction using high dielectric
constant materials. The wire antenna consists of a number
of antenna, including a short dipole, a dipole, a half-wave,
a wideband, a monopole, and a loop. Despite this antenna, a
micro strip antenna with a 2.45 GHz frequency is intended for
this project.The rectangle micro strip (patch) antenna and the
planar inverted-F antenna make up the micro strip antenna.
The ability to print micro strip or patch antennas straight onto
a circuit board makes them more and more practical. The use
of micro strip antennas in mobile phone technology is growing
rapidly. Patch antennas are inexpensive, have a small footprint,
and are simple to make. Micro strip antennas have a wide
range of uses because they are cheap to produce using printed-
circuit technology, low profile, lightweight, and conformable
to surfaces.Better efficiency and greater bandwidth are pro-
vided by thicker substrates with lower dielectric constants,
but at the cost of larger element size. Smaller element sizes
and minimal coupling are produced by thin substrates with
higher dielectric constants, but they are less effective and have
a comparatively narrower bandwidth. Due to their low profile
and advantageous radiation characteristics, micro strip patch
antennas have found widespread use in numerous circularly
polarized uses. Micro strip radiators have been the subject
of more research over the past ten years as a result of the
advancement of contemporary wireless systems, with a focus
on performance enhancement and downsizing. For a particular
frequency, the square geometry is smaller in size than a circu-
lar patch. In order to provide certainty reliability, contemporary
communication systems require low profile, light weight, high
gain, and simple structure antennas.The creation of low-
cost, lightweight, highly reliable, and low-profile antennas for
wireless devices has increased, which presents a new challenge
for antenna design in wireless communications. The design
and simulation of a square micro strip patch array antenna for
wireless communications operating at 2.45 GHz that produces
a radiation pattern along a wide beam and achieves a decent
gain are presented in this paper. Five sections make up the
remaining portion of the document.An summary of antenna is
provided in Section 1. An summary of the Micro strip patch
antenna is provided in Section 2. Design considerations for
antennas are described in Section 3.The simulation findings
are described in Section 4. Conclusion and future effort are
each described in Section 5.
II. M ICRO S TRIP PATCH A NTENNA
Due to increased electrical integration in smaller communi-
cation devices, the antenna now makes up a sizeable portion
of the total volume of the package. As a consequence, similar
 Fig. 1. Micro Strip Patch Antenna
antenna size reductions are required. The patch is typically
square, rectangular, circular, triangular, elliptical, or some
other common shape to facilitate study and performance pre-
diction. Out of all the available kinds of micro strip antennas,
the square micro strip patch antenna is the most popular. The
performance of a micro strip antenna is dependent on the
substrate substance, antenna dimensions, and feeding method.
Therefore, inset fed method is used for the design of square
micro strip patch antenna at 2.45 GHz among other feeding
techniques.Fig. 1 depicts the micro strip patch antenna.As
shown in Figure 1, a micro strip patch antenna has a radiating
patch on one side and a ground plane on the other of a
dielectric base.
A square patch is used as the main radiator. The patch
is generally made of conducting material such as copper or
gold and can take any possible shape. Dielectric constant of
the substrate (er) is typically in the range 2.2¡er ¡12. For
good antenna performance, a low dielectric constant with thick
dielectric substrate is desirable, as it provides better radiation,
better efficiency and larger bandwidth.
A. Inset Feed Method
Usually, this results in excessive input impedance. If the
patch was fed closer to the center, the input impedance could
be reduced because the current in a half wave patch is low at
the ends and rises in magnitude toward the center. Utilizing
an inset feed (positioned R from the edge) is one way to
achieve this, as shown in figure 2. The micro strip antenna
is represented by two slots that are divided by a transmission
line that is L lengths long and W heights.A non-homogeneous
pair of dielectrics, usually a substrate and air, make up the
micro strip. Most electric field lines lie in the substrate and are
partially in the air. Because of this, the transmission connection
is not supported.
B. Micro Strip Patch Antenna analysinng Method
Assume a square micro strip antenna of width W, length
L resting on the height of a substrate h. The coordinate axis
Fig. 2. Patch antenna with insert feed
Fig. 3. Square patch antenna
was selected as the height along z direction, length along x
direction and width along y direction.
Figure 3 illustrates how the normal components of the
electric field at the two width-defining edges are out of phase
because they face opposing directions. They neutralize one
another in the broadside direction because the patch is /2 long.
Because the tangential components are in phase, the combined
fields produce the largest emitted field normal to the structure’s
surface.
III. D ESIGN C ONSIDERATION O F A NTENNA
The paper has designed a Square patch antenna of the center
frequency 2.45 GHz. Gain required as 1.29 dBi. The antenna
has employed a hybrid structure and using Rogers RT duroid
5880 as a substrate. The three essential parameters for the
design of micro strip patch antenna are: 1) Frequency of
operation (f 0). 2) Dielectric constant of the substrate (er).
3) Height of dielectric substrate (H). For the micro strip patch
antenna the height of the dielectric substrate is critical since
the antenna should not be bulky. The resonant frequency of
the antenna must be selected appropriately. The transmission
line model will be used to design the antenna. The edge type
feed is used in this design.
A. Calculation of Patch Antenna:
Width= 38.4 mm
 Height= 24.77 mm I. Schematic view of antenna:

B. Calculation of Feed:
Width= 3.11 mm
Height= 22.29 mm

C. Calculation of Small Strap:

Width= 9.2 mm
Height= 5 mm

D. Calculation of Dielectric Constant:

Value = 4.4

E. Calculation of the ground plane dimensions ( Lg and Wg

):
The transmission line model is applicable to infinite ground
planes only. However, for practical considerations, it is essen-
tial to have a finite ground plane. It has been similar results
for finite and infinite ground plane can be obtained if the size Fig4.1 Schematic view of antenna
of the ground plane is greater than the patch dimensions by
approximately six times the substrate thickness all around the IV. S IMULATION AND R ESULT D ISCUSSION
periphery. Hence, for this design, the ground plane dimensions
would be given as: Lg = 6h+L Wg = 6h+W A. Gain
Hence after calculating all the parameters using the above
An antenna’s gain, which combines its directivity and
formulae, the micro strip patch antenna was designed.
radiation efficiency, is a crucial performance metric in
F. Dielectric Substrate: electromagnetics. IEEE has discouraged the use of the
phrase ”power gain.” The gain of a transmitting antenna
It was found suitable to select a thin dielectric substrate with
measures how successfully it transforms input power into
low dielectric constant by considering the trade-off between
radio waves traveling in a certain direction. Gain in a
the antenna dimensions and its performance. Thin substrate
receiving antenna refers to how effectively the antenna
permits to reduce the size and also spurious radiation as
transforms radio waves coming from a specific direction into
surface wave, and low dielectric constant for higher bandwidth,
electrical power. When no direction is given, gain is taken to
better efficiency and low power loss. The simulated results
be the maximum gain, which is the gain in the direction of
were found satisfactory.
the antenna’s primary lobe.The antenna pattern, also known
G. Operated Frequency: as the radiation pattern, is a representation of the gain as a
function of direction. It should not be confused with
f= 2.45 Ghz
directivity, which disregards the radiation efficiency of an
H. Structure of Patch Antenna: antenna. This antenna has a gain of 1.294.

Fig. 4. Structure of patch antenna Fig. 5. Gain

 B. Far field pattern of Directivity D. Visualization

In electromagnetics, directivity is a parameter of an antenna

or optical system which measures the degree to which the
radiation emitted is concentrated in a single direction. It is
the ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction from
the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all
directions.Therefore, the directivity of this antenna is 6.838.

Fig 8.Visualizaion

E. S-parameter
Scattering parameters or S-parameters (the elements of a
scattering matrix or S-matrix) describe the electrical behavior
of linear electrical networks when undergoing various steady
state stimuli by electrical signals. S-parameters represent the
linear characteristics of RF electronic circuits and
components. From the S-parameter matrix, you can calculate
characteristics of linear networks such as gain, loss,
impedance, phase group delay, and voltage standing wave
Fig. 6. Directivity ratio (VSWR). The parameters are useful for several
branches of electrical engineering, including electronics,
communication systems design, and especially for
microwave engineering.

C. Far field pattern of Radiation Pattern

The radiation pattern is defined as a mathematical function

or a graphical representation of the far field radiation
properties of the antenna, as a function of the direction of
departure of the electromagnetic (EM) wave.

Fig 9. S-parameter

V. C ONCLUSION
The design of square micro strip patch antenna with
operating frequency 2.45 GHz suitable for single band
application using inset feed feeding technique has been
completed using ADS software. The performance parameters
were achieved with gain 1.294 dB and directivity is 6.838
for patch antenna. The proposed antenna consists of a single
patch for single operating frequency. In future two patches
are going to be stacked and slots will be introduced to
operate in two operating frequency to achieve high gain and
Fig 7.Radiation pattern good return loss.
 R EFERENCES
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