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CP140/CP160/CP180
Portable Radios
Contents
WLS EMEA Publications Department, Jays Close, Viables Industrial Estate, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG22 4PD, UK.
Issue : December 2003 iii
Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine
iv
Service Maintainability
SAFETY INFORMATION
Read this information before using the radio.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE/COMPATIBILITY
NOTE: Nearly every electronic device is susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) if
inadequately shielded, designed or otherwise configured for electromagnetic compatibility.
Facilities
To avoid electromagnetic interference and/or compatibility conflicts, turn off your radio in any facility
where posted notices instruct you to do so. Hospitals or health care facilities may be using equipment
that is sensitive to external RF energy.
Aircraft
When instructed to do so, turn off your radio when on board an aircraft. Any use of a radio must be in
accordance with applicable regulations per airline crew instructions.
Medical Devices
Pacemakers
The Advanced Medical Technology Association (AdvaMed) recommends that a minimum separation
of 15 cms (6 inches) be maintained between a handheld wireless radio and a pacemaker.These
recommendations are consistent with those of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Persons with pacemakers should:
● ALWAYS keep the radio more than 15 cms from their pacemaker when the radio is turned ON.
● Not carry the radio in the breast pocket.
● Use the ear opposite the pacemaker to minimize the potential for interference.
● Turn the radio OFF immediately if you have any reason to suspect that interference is taking place.
Hearing Aids
Some digital wireless radios may interfere with some hearing aids. In the event of such interference,
you may want to consult your hearing aid manufacturer to discuss alternatives.
Other Medical Devices
If you use any other personal medical device, consult the manufacturer of your device to determine if
it is adequately shielded from RF energy. Your physician may be able to assist you in obtaining this
information.
Driver Safety
Check the laws and regulations on the use of radios in the area where you drive. Always obey them.
When using your radio while driving, please:
● Give full attention to driving and to the road.
● Use hands-free operation, if available.
● Pull off the road and park before making or answering a call if driving conditions so require.
OPERATIONAL WARNINGS
Vehicles with an air bag
WARNING: Do not place a portable radio in the area over an air bag or in the air bag
! deployment area. Air bags inflate with great force. If a portable radio is placed in the air bag
deployment area and the air bag inflates, the radio may be propelled with great force and
cause serious injury to occupants of the vehicle.
NOTE The areas with potentially explosive atmospheres referred to above include fuelling areas such as
below decks on boats, fuel or chemical transfer or storage facilities, areas where the air contains
chemicals or particles, such as grain, dust or metal powders. Areas with potentially explosive
atmospheres are often but not always posted.
OPERATIONAL CAUTIONS
Damaged antennas
CAUTION: Do not use any portable radio that has a damaged antenna. If a damaged antenna
! comes into contact with your skin, a minor burn can result.
Batteries
CAUTION: All batteries can cause property damage and/or bodily injury such as burns if a
! conductive material such as jewellery, keys, or beaded chains touch exposed terminals. The
conductive material may complete an electrical circuit (short circuit) and become quite hot.
Exercise care in handling any charged battery, particularly when placing it inside a pocket,
purse, or other container with metal objects.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2 MAINTENANCE
NOTE Before operating or testing these units, please read the Safety Information Section in the
front of this manual.
The terms and conditions of warranty are defined fully in the Motorola Dealer or Distributor or
Reseller contract. These conditions may change from time to time and the following notes are for
guidance purposes only.
In instances where the product is covered under a "return for replacement" or "return for repair"
warranty, a check of the product should be performed prior to shipping the unit back to Motorola.
This is to ensure that the product has been correctly programmed or has not been subjected to
damage outside the terms of the warranty.
Prior to shipping any radio back to the appropriate Motorola warranty depot, please contact
Customer Resources (Please see page 2 and page 3 in this Chapter). All returns must be
accompanied by a Warranty Claim Form, available from your Customer Services representative.
Products should be shipped back in the original packaging, or correctly packaged to ensure no
damage occurs in transit.
After the Warranty period, Motorola continues to support its products in two ways.
1. Motorola's Radio Aftermarket and Accessory Division (AAD) offers a repair service to both
end users and dealers at competitive prices.
2. AAD supplies individual parts and modules that can be purchased by dealers who are
technically capable of performing fault analysis and repair.
The ERSC Customer Information Desk is available through the following service numbers:
Denmark: 80 88 05 72 Netherlands: 08 00 22 45 13
France: 08 00 90 30 90 Portugal: 08 00 84 95 70
UK : 08 00 96 90 95 Switzerland: 08 00 55 30 82
Some replacement parts, spare parts, and/or product information can be ordered directly. If a
complete Motorola part number is assigned to the part, it is available from Motorola Radio
Aftermarket and Accessory Division (AAD). If no part number is assigned, the part is not normally
available from Motorola. If the part number is appended with an asterisk, the part is serviceable by
Motorola Depot only. If a parts list is not included, this generally means that no user-serviceable
parts are available for that kit or assembly.
Motorola GmbH
Customer Care
AM Borsigturm 130
13507 Berlin
Germany.
Information related to support and service of Motorola Test Equipment is available via Motorola
Online (Extranet), through the Customer Care organisation of Motorola’s local area representation
or by calling the the European Repair and Service Centre: Tel: +49 30 6686 1555
Motorola Product Services is available to assist the dealer/distributors in resolving any malfunctions
which may be encountered.
Scandinavia
Telephone: +46 8 735 9282
Fax: +46 8 735 9280
Email: C14749@email.mot.com
MD H 65 K D C 9 AA 2 A N
VHF 4W or Non Program- Conven- 16 channel
(146-174 5W Display mable tional 3
MHz) F 32 channel
H = Portable
MD = Motorola Internal Use
Limited 4
Q Keypad 64 channel
UHF1 H
(403-438 Full
MHz) Keypad
R
UHF2
(438-470
MHz)
S
UHF3
(465-495
MHz)
1.0 Introduction
This chapter of the manual describes:
■ preventive maintenance
■ safe handling of CMOS devices
■ repair procedures and techniques
2.1 Inspection
Check that the external surfaces of the radio are clean, and that all external controls and switches
are functional. It is not recommended to inspect the interior electronic circuitry.
2.2 Cleaning
The following procedures describe the recommended cleaning agents and the methods to be
used when cleaning the external and internal surfaces of the radio. External surfaces include the
front cover, housing assembly, and battery case. These surfaces should be cleaned whenever a
periodic visual inspection reveals the presence of smudges, grease, and/or grime.
NOTE Internal surfaces should be cleaned only when the radio is disassembled for servicing or
repair.
The only recommended agent for cleaning the external radio surfaces is a 0.5% solution of a mild
dishwashing detergent in water. The only factory recommended liquid for cleaning the printed
circuit boards and their components is isopropyl alcohol (70% by volume).
CAUTION: The effects of certain chemicals and their vapors can have harmful results on
! certain plastics. Aerosol sprays, tuner cleaners, and other chemicals should be avoided.
NOTE Always use a fresh supply of alcohol and a clean container to prevent contamination by
dissolved material (from previous usage).
Chip Components
Use either the RLN4062 Hot-Air Repair Station or the Motorola 0180381B45 Repair Station for
chip component replacement. When using the 0180381B45 Repair Station, select the TJ-65 mini-
thermojet hand piece. On either unit, adjust the temperature control to 370 °C (700 °F), and
adjust the airflow to a minimum setting. Airflow can vary due to component density.
■ To remove a chip component:
1. Use a hot-air hand piece and position the nozzle of the hand piece approximately 0.3 cm
(1/8") above the component to be removed.
2. Begin applying the hot air. Once the solder reflows, remove the component using a pair
of tweezers.
3. Using a solder wick and a soldering iron or a power desoldering station, remove the
excess solder from the pads.
■ To replace a chip component using a soldering iron:
1. Select the appropriate micro-tipped soldering iron and apply fresh solder to one of the
solder pads.
2. Using a pair of tweezers, position the new chip component in place while heating the
fresh solder.
3. Once solder wicks onto the new component, remove the heat from the solder.
4. Heat the remaining pad with the soldering iron and apply solder until it wicks to the
component. If necessary, touch up the first side. All solder joints should be smooth and
shiny.
■ To replace a chip component using hot air:
1. Use the hot-air hand piece and reflow the solder on the solder pads to smooth it.
2. Apply a drop of solder paste flux to each pad.
3. Using a pair of tweezers, position the new component in place.
4. Position the hot-air hand piece approximately 0.3 cm (1/8” ) above the component and
begin applying heat.
5. Once the solder wicks to the component, remove the heat and inspect the repair. All
joints should be smooth and shiny.
Shields
Removing and replacing shields will be done with the R1070 station with the temperature control
set to approximately 215°C (415°F) [230°C (445°F) maximum].
■ To remove the shield:
1. Place the circuit board in the R1070 circuit board holder.
2. Select the proper heat focus head and attach it to the heater chimney.
3. Add solder paste flux around the base of the shield.
4. Position the shield under the heat-focus head.
5. Lower the vacuum tip and attach it to the shield by turning on the vacuum pump.
6. Lower the focus head until it is approximately 0.3 cm (1/8”) above the shield.
7. Turn on the heater and wait until the shield lifts off the circuit board.
8. Once the shield is off, turn off the heat, grab the part with a pair of tweezers, and turn off
the vacuum pump.
9. Remove the circuit board from the R1070 circuit board holder.
■ To replace the shield:
1. Add solder to the shield if necessary, using a micro-tipped soldering iron.
2. Next, rub the soldering iron tip along the edge of the shield to smooth out any excess
solder. Use solder wick and a soldering iron to remove excess solder from the solder
pads on the circuit board.
3. Place the circuit board back in the R1070 circuit board holder.
4. Place the shield on the circuit board using a pair of tweezers.
5. Position the heat-focus head over the shield and lower it to approximately 0.3 cm (1/8”)
above the shield.
6. Turn on the heater and wait for the solder to reflow.
7. Once complete, turn off the heat, raise the heat-focus head and wait approximately one
minute for the part to cool.
8. Remove the circuit board and inspect the repair. No cleaning should be necessary.
Name Description
USWB+ Unswitched Battery Voltage (always on)
5V 5 volts (regulated)
5R 5 volts in RX mode only
5T 5 volts in TX mode only
RESET Low-line reset signal from U320 to uP
D3_3V Digital 3.3 volts (regulated)
3V Analog 3 volts (regulated)
TX_ENA Transmit enable signal from uP to transmitter
PWR_SET DC voltage from ASFIC to TX power control
DEMOD RX audio from backend to ASFIC
BW_SEL Backend filter BW select from ASFIC
RSSI RX signal strength indication from IFIC to uP
IF_IN/OUT 44.85 MHz from 1st mixer to high IF filter
RF_IN/OUT RX signal from antenna switch to front end
MOD OUT/IN TX modulation from ASFIC to synthesizer
16_8_MHZ Ref osc signal from synthesizer to ASFIC
SYNTH_CS Synthesizer chip select from uP
SPI_CLK Serial clock from uP
SPI_DATA_OUT Serial data from uP
LOCK Lock detect indication from synth to uP
PRESC VCO freq feedback from VCOBIC to synth
V_STEER Steering line voltage from synth to VCO's
V_SF Super-filtered 4.5 volts from synth to VCOBIC
VCO_MOD TX modulation from ASFIC to synthesizer
TRB TX/RX control from synth to VCOBIC
RX_INJ Buffered RX VCO output to RX 1st mixer
TX_INJ TX VCO output to transmitter input
Motorola Part
Description Application
No.
Motorola Part
Description Application
No.
Table of Contents
1.0 Overview
This chapter provides a detailed theory of operation for the controller circuits in the radio. The
components of these circuits are contained on the Main Board. Refer to the RF sections of this
manual for the component location details and the parts lists of the Controller Circuits. This chapter
also provides details of the keypad/display and the microphone and speaker connections.
Accessories
20 pin Connector
Audio
Power Keypad/Option Board
Amplifier
Vdda Vdda
Regulator
UNSWB+
7.5V SWB+ Vddd Vddd
Battery Fuse Regulator
Battery voltage enters at connector J301 and is routed through fuse F301 to become USWB+.
VR301 protects against ESD, and D301 provides reverse polarity protection. This voltage is routed
to:
■ FET switch Q170 in the TX power control circuit (turned on during transmit)
■ TX power amplifier module U110 (via R150)
■ input pins of regulators U310, U320 and U330
■ FET switch Q493 (turned on whenever the radio is on)
■ on-off switch S444 (part of on-off-volume control) to become SWB+
When the radio is turned on, SWB+ is present and is applied to:
■ transistor switch Q494 (pins 1 and 6) which turns on Q493
■ RX audio power amplifier U490
■ voltage divider R420/R421 and port PE0, a microprocessor A/D input which measures battery
voltage and radio on/off status
The output of FET switch Q493 is applied to the control pins of regulators U310, U320 and U330,
turning them on. The following regulators are used:
The 5V source is also applied to FET switches Q311 and Q312. Q311 is turned on by Q313 when
RX_ENA (from U401 pin 49) is high, and supplies the "5R" source to the RF front end stages Q21-
Q22, and the VCO RX injection buffer Q280. Q312 is turned on by Q313 when TX_ENA (from U401
pin 50) is high, and supplies the "5T" source to the first transmitter stage Q100.
The digital 3.3 volt source from U320 (D_3.3V) is applied to:
■ microprocessor U401
■ EEPROM U402
■ S-RAM U403 (not used)
■ flash ROM U404
■ synthesizer IC U201
■ VCO/buffer IC U251
■ portions of ASFIC U451
■ microphone bias circuitry
While the radio is turned on, port PH3 (U401 pin 44) is held high. When the radio is turned off,
SWB+ is removed and port PE0 (U401 pin 67) goes low, initiating a power-down routine. Port PH3
(pin 44) remains high, keeping the voltage regulators on via Q493 and Q494, until the operating
state of the radio has been stored in EEPROM and other turn-off data functions have been
completed. PH3 then goes low, turning off Q494 and Q493, and all regulated voltages are removed.
3.1 General
The controller board is the central interface between the various subsystems of the radio. It provides
the following functions:
■ interface with controls and indicators
■ serial bus control of major radio circuit blocks
■ encoding and/or decoding of selective signaling formats such as PL, DPL, MDC1200 and
QuikCall II
■ interface to CPS programming via the microphone connector
■ storage of customer-specific information such as channel frequencies, scan lists, and
signaling codes
■ storage of factory tuning parameters such as transmitter power and deviation, receiver
squelch sensitivity, and audio level adjustments
■ power-up, power-down and reset routines
In the UHF and VHF sections, the Radio Block Interconnect Diagram show the interconnections
between the controller and the various other radio blocks, while the Controller Interconnect
Schematic diagram (in this chapter) shows the connections between the following circuit areas
which comprise the controller block:
■ microprocessor circuitry
■ audio circuitry
■ DC regulation circuitry
■ rotary and pushbutton controls and switches
■ option board interface
The majority of the circuitry described below is contained in the Microprocessor Circuit schematic
diagrams. However, portions are also found in the DC Regulation and UHF/VHFAudio Circuit
schematics.
The microprocessor circuitry includes microprocessor (U401) and associated EEPROM and Flash
ROM memories. The following memory IC's are used:
Table 1-2 Radio Memory Requirements
Radio operation is controlled by software that is stored in external Flash ROM memory (U404).
Radio parameters and customer specific information is stored in external EEPROM (U402). The
operating status of the radio is maintained in RAM located within the microprocessor. When the
radio is turned off, the operating status of the radio is written to EEPROM before operating voltage is
removed from the microprocessor.
■ address lines A(0)-A(16), from U401 port F ADDR0-ADDR13 and port G XA14-XA16
■ data lines D(0)-D(7), from U401 port C DATA0-DATA7
■ chip-select for U403, from PH6 (U401 pin 41)
■ chip-enable for U404, from PH7 (U401 pin 38)
■ output enable for U404, from PA7 (U401 pin 86)
■ write-enable for both U403 and U404, from PG7_R/W (U401 pin 4)
Ports PI3 and PI4 are outputs which control the top-mounted LED indicator. When PI3 is high, the
indicator is red. When PI4 is high, the indicator is green. When both are high, the indicator is amber.
When both are low, the indicator is off.
Pressing the side-mounted PTT button (S441) provides a low to port PJ0 (U401 pin 71), which
indicates PTT is asserted. Side-mounted option buttons 1 and 2 (S442 and S443) are connected to
Ports PJ6 (pin 77) and PJ7 (pin 78), respectively.
The microprocessor communicates with other circuit blocks via a SPI (serial peripheral interface)
bus using ports PD2 (data into uP), PD3 (data out of uP) and PD4 (clock). The signal names and
microprocessor ports are defined in Table 1-3.
Table 1-3 SPI Bus Signal Definitions
■ the audio filter IC (U451) to control internal functions such as gain change between 25 kHz
and 12.5 kHz channels, transmit or receive mode, volume adjustment, etc.
■ the synthesizer IC U201 to load receive and transmit channel frequencies
■ option board connector J460-1 for internal option configuration and control (not applicable to
CP150/CP200 models)
■ serial EEPROM U402 (both SPI_DATA_IN and SPI_DATA_OUT are used)
In order for each circuit block to respond only to the data intended for it, each peripheral has its own
chip select (or chip enable) line. The device will only respond to data when its enable line is pulled
low by one of the microprocessor ports, as follows:
The radio can be programmed, or the programmed information can be read, using a computer with
CPS (Customer Programming Software) connected to the radio via a RIB (radio interface box) or
with the RIB-less cable. Connection to the radio is made via the microphone connector (part of
accessory connector J471). The SCI line connects the programming contact (J471 pin 6) to ports
PD0_RXD (data into uP, pin 97) and PD1_TXD (data out of uP, pin 98). Transistor Q410 isolates the
input and output functions by allowing PD1 to pull the line low, but does not affect incoming data
from being read by port PD0. This isolation allows high-speed 2-wire programming via TP401 and
TP402 for factory programming and tuning.
Information that has been programmed using CPS, such as channel frequencies or selective
signaling codes, are stored in the external EEPROM, where it is retained permanently (unless
reprogrammed) without needing DC power applied to the microprocessor.
Port PJ1 is used to detect the presence of externally connected accessories. Port PJ1 (U401 pin
72) is normally low, unless accessories (lapel speaker microphone, lightweight headset, etc.) are
used with the radio. This port is used to detect an accessory PTT or auto sensing of a VOX
accessory.
If VOX is programmed into the radio channel codeplug information, and PJ1 is high during power-
up, the radio will activate VOX operation. If a low is present at port PJ1 during power-up, the radio
will use this port as an external PTT indicator.
On power-up, the microprocessor is held in reset until the digital 3.3V regulator (U320 pin 5)
provides a stable supply voltage. Once the digital supply reaches steady state and releases the
reset line (U320 pin 7), the microprocessor begins to start up. The ASFIC_CMP (U451) has already
started running and is providing the startup clock to the microprocessor. After reset release by all
circuits, the software within the microprocessor begins executing port assignments, RAM checking,
and initialization. A fixed delay of 100 ms is added to allow the audio circuitry to settle. Next, an alert
beep is generated and the steady state software begins to execute (buttons are read, radio circuits
are controlled).
When the radio is turned off, SWB+ is removed and port PE0 (U401 pin 67) goes low, initiating a
power-down routine. Port PH3 (pin 44) remains high, keeping the voltage regulators on via Q493
and Q494, until the operating state of the radio has been stored in EEPROM. PH3 then goes low,
and all regulated voltages are removed.
The microprocessor reset line (pin 94) can be controlled directly by the digital 3.3 V regulator (U320
pin 7), the microphone jack (part of accessory connector J471) via Q472 and Q471, and the
microprocessor itself. U320 pulls the reset line low if the digital 3.3 V source loses regulation. This
prevents possible MOS latch-up or overwriting of registers in the microprocessor because the reset
line is higher in voltage than the microprocessor VDD ports (U401 pins 12, 39, 59, 88). The
microprocessor can drive the reset line low if it detects a fault condition such as an expired
watchdog timer, software attempting to execute an infinite loop, unplanned hardware inputs, static
discharge, etc. Finally, the Q471 can pull the reset line low during use of the programming cable and
CPS by the application of a sufficiently negative voltage to the microphone connector tip contact
(J471 pin 4), however this reset method is not utilized.
When power-up reset occurs, the microprocessor will boot into either normal or flash mode
depending on the logic level of ports MODA (U401 pin 58) and MODB (pin 57). The Flash Adapter is
a programming accessory which provides negative 9 volts dc via a 1K resistor to microphone
connector J471 pin 4. This turns on Q471 and Q472 via D471 and VR472, pulling MODA and
MODB low and allowing booting in the flash mode by cycling power to reset the radio. Software
upgrades can then performed by loading the new software code into Flash ROM U404.
The 7.3975 MHz clock signal (uP_CLK) is provided from the ASFIC_CMP (U451 pin 28). Upon
startup the 16.8MHz crystal provides the signal to the ASFIC_CMP, which sends out the uP_CLK at
3.8MHz until a steady-state condition is reached and the clock is increased to 7.3975MHz for the
microprocessor.
Various battery types are available having different capacities. The different battery types contain
internal resistors connected from the BATT_CHARGE contact to ground (which is routed to the
microprocessor as BATT_DETECT). A voltage divider is formed with R255 producing a different DC
voltage for each battery type, which is read by microprocessor port PE2 (pin 65). This allows the
software to recognize the battery chemistry being used and adjust the battery gauge for best
accuracy.
The majority of RX and TX audio processing is performed by U451, the Audio Filter IC
(ASFIC_CMP), which provides the following functions:
■ Tone PL/Digital PL encoding and decode filtering
■ Tone PL/Digital PL rejection filter in RX audio path
■ TX pre-emphasis amplifier
■ TX audio modulation limiter
■ Post-limiter (splatter) filter
■ TX deviation adjust (digitally-controlled attenuators)
■ Programmable microphone gain attenuator
■ RX audio volume control (digitally controlled attenuator)
■ Carrier squelch adjustment (digitally controlled attenuator)
■ Microprocessor output port expansion
■ 2.5 volt dc reference source
■ Microprocessor clock generation (from the 16.8 MHz reference oscillator input)
The parameters of U451 that are programmable are selected by the microprocessor via the CLOCK
(U451 pin 21), DATA (U451 pin 22) and chip enable (U451 pin 20) lines.
RX audio buffer U510 amplifies the audio level from the DEMOD output of the IFIC before being
applied to the audio filter IC input (DISC, U451 pin 2). The buffer is DC coupled to avoid corruption
of low-frequency data waveforms such as DPL. Because such waveforms are polarity sensitive, this
buffer is configured as a single-stage inverting amplifier (U510-1 only) for VHF models where high-
side first injection is used, or is configured as a two-stage non-inverting amplifier (U510-1 and -2) for
UHF models using low-side first injection. The gain of the buffer is 1.5 times or 3.5 dB.
Volume adjustment is performed by a digital attenuator within U451. The volume control (10KO, part
of S444) is connected to D_3.3V and ground via R506 and R507. When the volume control is
rotated, it varies the dc voltage applied to microprocessor A/D input port PE1 (U401 pin 66) between
approximately 0 volts dc at minimum volume to 3.3 volts dc at maximum volume. Depending on this
voltage, the appropriate setting of the digital volume attenuator is selected. This technique is less
susceptible to noise than a conventional analog volume control.
The audio power amplifier IC U490 amplifies receiver audio from U451 pin 41 to a level sufficient to
drive a loudspeaker. U490 is a bridge amplifier delivering 3.46 volts rms between pins 5 and 8
without distortion, which is sufficient to develop 500 milliwatts of audio power into the internal 24
ohm speaker or an external 24 ohm load. The audio power amplifier is muted whenever speaker
audio is not required to reduce current drain. The audio amp is muted when U451 pin 14 is low.
When U451 pin 14 is high, U490 pin 1 is pulled low by Q490, enabling the audio amplifier.
Because the power amplifier is a bridge-type, neither speaker terminal is grounded. Care should be
taken that any test equipment used to measure the speaker audio voltage does not ground either
speaker output terminal, otherwise damage to the audio power amplifier IC may result. When a 24-
ohm load resistor is used it should be connected between the tip and the sleeve of accessory jack
J471 (3.5mm port), never to ground. External SPKR plug insertion mechanically disconnects the
internal speaker. Voltage measurements using test equipment that is not isolated from ground may
be made from one side of the speaker or load resistor (either the tip or the sleeve of J471) to chassis
ground, in which case the voltage indicated will be one half of the voltage applied to the speaker or
load resistor. The Motorola RLN4460 Portable Test Set and AAPMKN4004 Programming Test Cable
provide the proper interface between the radio's ungrounded audio output and ground-referenced
test equipment.
Microphone audio from internal microphone is routed from J470-1 via C475, L471, and C470 to the
ASFIC_CMP mic audio input (MICINT, U451 pin 46). During transmit, Q470 is turned on by a low at
U451 pin 35, providing dc bias for the internal MIC via R478. External MIC plug insertion
mechanically disconnects the internal microphone. External MIC audio is coupled through L471 and
C470 to the mic audio input. An input level of 10 mV at J471 pin 4 produces 200 mV at the output of
U451 pin 40, which corresponds to 60% deviation.
The internal side-mounted PTT switch (S441) is sensed directly by microprocessor port PJ0 (U401
pin 71). External mic PTT is sensed by measuring the current drawn through the accessory
connector (J471-4) by the mic cartridge (which is in series with the accessory PTT switch). This
current is drawn through the base (pin 5) and emitter (pin 4) of a transistor in Q470, causing its
collector (pin 3) to supply a logic-high to microprocessor port PJ1 (pin 72).
VOX audio accessories do not have a PTT switch. Instead, the mic cartridge is wired directly from
J471-4 to ground. If the radio has been programmed for VOX operation and the VOX accessory is
plugged in prior to turning the radio on, the current drawn by the cartridge will turn on Q470 (pins 3-
4-5) and a logic high will be seen at port PJ1 at turn-on. The microprocessor then assumes VOX
operation, with PTT controlled by the presence of audio at the mic cartridge. A dc voltage
proportional to the audio level at the input of the ASFIC_CMP (U451 pin 46) is fed to an A/D input of
microprocessor U401 (pin 62). During VOX operation, PTT is activated when the dc level exceeds a
preset threshold.
A wall-type charging power supply may be connected to the 2.5 mm microphone jack (part of
accessory connector J451). The voltage present at the tip contact (pin 4) is applied to the center
charging contact of the battery via diode D470. Another diode, internal to the battery, applies this
voltage to the (+) battery terminal. Only the recommended charger and battery type should be
charged in this manner.
Different battery types contain internal resistors connected from the BATT_CHARGE contact to
ground, which is routed to the microprocessor as BATT_DETECT. A voltage divider is formed with
R255 producing a DC voltage which is read by microprocessor port PE2 (pin 65). This allows the
software to recognize the battery chemistry being used and adjust the battery gauge for best
accuracy. The value of R255 is chosen so that the voltage at the BATT_CHARGE node (cathode of
D470) is never low enough to turn on the EXT_MIC_PTT sense transistor (part of Q470).
The ring contact on the 2.5 mm microphone jack is used for reading, programming or re-flashing the
radio using CPS. This contact (J471 pin 6) is routed to ports PD0_RXD (data into uP, pin 97) and
PD1_TXD (data out of uP, pin 98). Transistor Q410 isolates the input and output functions by
allowing PD1 to pull the line low, but does not affect incoming data from being read by port PD0.
To re-flash the radio (overwrite the software in the Flash ROM with new software), the radio must
power up in the boot mode. This is accomplished by using a flash adapter accessory, which
provides SCI communication with the programming ring contact (J471 pin 6) and also allows a
negative voltage (negative 9 volts dc via a 1K resistor) to be applied to the tip contact (J471 pin 4).
This voltage is sufficient to turn on the base-emitter junction (pins 1 and 2) of Q472 via L471, D471,
VR472 and R471. Pin 6 of Q472 goes high, turning on Q471 (pins 3 and 4) and pulling the
BOOT_ENA line (ports MODA and MODB of the microprocessor) low. Cycling power generates a
reset which causes the radio to boot in the flash mode.
3.4 Keypad
The keypad block diagram is shown at Figure 1-2. Pressing a key creates two distinct voltages,
KEYPAD_ROW and KEYPAD_COL. These voltages are routed to the microprocessor on the main
board. The microprocessor samples the voltages to determine which key has been pressed.
28 Pin Connector
28 Pin Connector
(keypad Board)
(Main Board)
Keypad Row Keypad Row Keypad Row
Keypad MCP
Button Keypad Column Keypad Column Keypad Column
The speaker and microphone are mounted in the radio front housing. They are connected to the
audio circuits on the main board, the speaker via connector J491 pins 1 & 2 and the microphone via
connector J470 pins 1 & 2. Refer to the Audio Circuitry schematic diagram for details.
The display module is part of the keypad and is connected to the keypad board via a flex cable to
connector J1 on the keypad board.
Most troubleshooting tables end up by pointing to an IC to replace. It is not always noted, but it is
good practice to verify supplies and grounds to the affected IC and to trace continuity to the
malfunctioning signal and related circuitry before replacing any IC. For instance, if a clock signal is
not available at a destination, continuity from the source IC should be checked before replacing the
source IC.
PCBs :
8486342Z13_C VHF2
8486635Z03_O UHF1
8486348Z13_C UHF1
8486634Z02_O UHF3
8466565A01_O Keypad top/bottom side Page 3-7
SCHEMATICS
Controller Interconnect Schematic Page 3-3
Microprocessor Circuit Schematic Page 3-4
Audio Circuit Schematic Page 3-5
DC Regulation Schematic Page 3-6
Keypad Schematic Page 3-8
Speaker/Microphone Schematic & Parts List Page 3-9
PART LIST
8466565A01_O Keypad Page 3-9
Controller SW_B 5V +3 V
SW_B +
5V
3V
VS_AUDIO_SEL
CNTL_PWR_SET
OPT_MI C PWR_SET PWR_SET
OPT_TX_AUD_FLAT_RETURN CNTL_DEMOD
OPT_TX_AUD_RETURN DEMO D DEMOD
OPT_TX_AUD_SEND CNTL_BW_SEL
BW_SEL BW_SEL
28 27 OPT_RX_AUD_SEND_DETECTO R AUDI O
CNTL_MOD_OU T
26 25 OPT_RX_AUD_SEND_UNMUTED MOD_OUT MOD_OUT
24 23 OPT_RX_AUD_RETURN CNTL_16_8_MHZ
16_8_MHZ 16_8_MHZ
22 21 VS_GAIN_SEL
20 19
BATT_CHARGE
3V
SPI_DATA_OUT
EXT_MIC_PTT
18 17
BOOT_ENA
ASFIC_CS
SPI_CLK
E500 SQ_DET
CH_ACT
uP_CL K
16 15
RESET
F1200
D3_3 V
HSIO
LSI O
VOX
14 13
SC I
1
BK1005HM47
12 11
SW_B +
10 9 C500 C501
CNTL_SPI_CLK
8 7 1000pF 1uF SPI_CLK
6 5 CNTL_SPI_DATA_OUT
R502 SPI_DATA_OUT
4 3 100 CNTL_SYNTH_CS
C503 2 1 R501 SYNTH_CS
1000pF 30 29 R504 100 CNTL_LOCK
LOCK
32 31 100
R505 CNTL_RSSI
RSSI
C405 150pF
R503 10 0
C403 150pF
1000pF
SW_B +
D3_3V
+ +
C50 4
5V 3V
USWB
SW_B
5V 5R 5T 3V D3_3V
3V
CH_ACT
SPI_DATA_OUT
SQ_DET
LSIO
ASFIC_CS
HSIO
uP_CLK
D3_3 V
VOX
SW_B +
EXT_MIC_PTT
BOOT_ENA
F120 0
5V
SPI_DATA_IN
BATT_DETECT
SPI_CLK
RESET
SCI
CNTL_USWB+
USWB+
CNTL_5V
NC DISPL_COM_DATA_SEL TP301 5V
VS_RAC CNTL_5R
OPT_DATA_READY 5R
BACKLIGHT CNTL_5T
5T
KEYPAD_ROW SYNTH_C S CNTL_3V
KEYPAD_COL 3V
DISP_EN A LOCK
OPT_EN A
MICROPROCESSOR
D3_3V
5R
3V
RSSI
5T
USWB +
5V
SWB+
VS_CS
VS_IN T
RESET
1000pF
1000pF
1000pF
1000pF
S441
1000pF
1000pF
1000pF
1000pF
SWITCH
TX_EN A BATT_CHARGE
C505
C409
C506
C408
C407
C507
C404
C40 2
1 A1 B1 2
PTT
3 A2 B2 4 RX_ENA RX_EN A
S442
OPT_BUTTON_ 1 DC_REGULATION
SWITCH VOLUME VOLUME
OPT_BUTTON_ 2
1 A1 B1 2 FREQ_SEL_ 3 ON_OFF ON_OF F
3 A2 B2 4 S440
SWITCH
1 FREQ_SEL_ 0 TX_EN A
S443 8 PC0
SWITCH PC3 2
PC1 FREQ_SEL_ 1
4
1 A1 B1 2 PC2 FREQ_SEL_ 2
C0
GND1
C0
GND
3 A2 B2 4 C1
C1
9 7
Microprocessor
D3_3 V
D3_3V
R410 R416 R417 C418
D3_3V 10K 20K 10K
0.1uF
C410 C411 C412 C413 1 Q410
TP402
R412 R411
10uF 0.1uF 1000pF 100K 8 0.1uF 6
TP405 1 1 SC I SH401
SH400
VCC 820 C419 SHIELD SHIELD
6 SCK
1 2 1000pF
CS
3 2
WP SO
7 HOLD R419 1 1
5 3 4 4.7K
SI VSS
U402
4 X25128-2.7
EEPROM
1
TP401
LSI O
SPI_DATA_IN
CH_ACT
SQ_DET
SPI_DATA_OUT
HSI O
OPT_DATA_READY
SPI_CLK
uP_CLK
D3_3 V
R400 C400
R418
NU
NU
C414 100K C417
DISPL_COM_DATA_SEL C415 C416 R413 R415 R414
0.1uF 100K 33K 1000pF
33K
1000p F 1000pF
NC NC NC
ASFIC_CS F1200
PD3_MOSI 100
PD2_MISO 99
PD1_TXD 98
AVDD 59
VDDL 39
PD0_RXD 97
LVOUT 95
VDDR 88
85
79
EXTAL 90
VRH 69
XTAL 91
XFC 93
86
84
80
VDDSYN 92
83
82
VRL 68
VDD 12
81
PD5_SS 2
PD6_LVIN 3
PD4_SCK 1
PA2_IC1
PA7_PA1_OC1
PA6_OC2_OC1
PA5_OC3_OC1
PA4_OC4_OC1
PA3_IC4_OC5_OC1
PA0_IC3
PA1_IC2
RESET
89
ECLK 96 NC NC
SYNTH_CS IRQ
48
NC XIRQ
6 PG0_XA13 RESET 94 D414
SW_B + A(14) 16 4
PG1_XA14 PG7_R_W
A(15) 20 PG2_XA15 58
3 2 MODA_LIR
A(16) 19 PG3_XA16 57
BACKLIGH T A(17) MODB_VSTBY BOOT_ENA
17 PG4_XA17
A(18) 18 PG5_XA18
R446
Q403 1 10K 5 PG6_AS PJ0_CSGP3
71
PTT
72
Q402 NC
47
PJ1_CSGP4
73
3 PH0_PW 1 PJ2
46 PH1_PW 2 PJ3 74
1 45 EXT_MIC_PTT
75
R445
4.7K
44
PH2_PW 3
PH3_PW 4
U401 PJ4
PJ5 76
43 PH4_CSI O MC68HC11FL0 PJ6 77
42 78 FREQ_SEL_0
PH5_CSGP1 PJ7
41 PH6_CSGP2
2 38 67
PH7_CSPROG PE0_AN0 FREQ_SEL_1
PE1_AN1 66
D(0) 30 65
PC0_DATA0 PE2_AN2
D(1) 31 PC1_DATA1 PE3_AN3 64
D(2) 63 VS_RAC FREQ_SEL_2
32 PC2_DATA2 PE4_AN4
ON_OFF D(3) 33 62
PB7_ADDR15
PB6_ADDR14
PB5_ADDR13
PB4_ADDR12
PB3_ADDR11
PB2_ADDR10
PC3_DATA3 PE5_AN5
PFO_ADDR0
PBO_ADDR8
PF7_ADDR7
PF6_ADDR6
PF5_ADDR5
PF4_ADDR4
PF3_ADDR3
PF2_ADDR2
PF1_ADDR1
PB1_ADDR9
D(4) 34 PC4_DATA4 61
DISP_ENA PE6_AN6 FREQ_SEL_3
D(5) 35 PC5_DATA5 PE7_AN7 60
D(6) 36 PC6_DATA6
87 VSSR
70 AVSS
40 VSSL
D(7) 37
13 VSS
PC7_DATA7
PI 7
OPT_BUTTON_1
PI6
PI 3
PI 2
PI5
PI4
PI1
PI0
A(10) 11
29
A(12) 21
A(8) 14
56
26
27
28
A(9) 10
23
22
55
A(13)15
51
52
25
53
54
49
50
A(11) 9
24
D(7:0)
OPT_BUTTON_2
A(7)
A(6)
A(4)
A(1)
A(0)
A(5)
A(3)
A(2)
D3_3 V NC NC
A(18:0) C446 C445 C440 C441 C442 C443 C444 C401
D3 A2
D(4) 26 17 A(3) D(0) 11 4 A(6) .01uF 3V
D4 A3 D1 A6
D(5) 27 16 A(4) D(1) 12 3 A(7) RB520S-30
D5 A4 D2 A7
D(6) 28 15 A(5) D(2) 13 25 A(8) R442 R443
D6 A5 D3 A8 120 R424
D(7) 29 14 A(6) D(3) 15 24 A(9) 220 D3_3V
D7 A6 D4 A9
13 A(7) D(4) 16 21 A(10) BATT_DETECT
A7 D5 A10
6 3 A(8) D(5) 17 23 A(11) 200K 1%
NC A8 D6 A11 RED LED GREEN LED
2 A(9) D(6) 18 2 A(12) C421 R425
A9 D7 A12
31 A(10) D(7) 19 26 A(13) 100K
A10 D8 A13
A11
1 A(11) A14
1 A(14) D440 R422 .01uF 1%
12 A(12) BRPY1204W R423
A12 100K 100K
4 A(13) 20
A13 CS
D3_3V 5 A(14) 22
A14 OE RSSI
11 A(15) 27
A15 VSS WE VO X
A16 10 A(16)
14 KEYPAD_CO L
GND
KEYPAD_RO W
R433 R431 24
100K NU LOCK
VS_INT
R432
A(17) VS_CS
0 R434 OPT_ENA
A(18)
TX_ENA
NU
RX_ENA
R516 R523
10K
C512 NU C514
R522 2
4 Audio
6.8pF 16pF Q520
100K IMX1
R512 150K R514 3
5V_A
100K
U510-1 1
LM2904 Q520 5
R511 C518 IMX1
2 8 R513
DEMOD 1 8 6
6 R515 C460 VR471
100K 3 7 0.1uF
5 OPT_RX_AUD_SEND_DETECTO R R470
4
5V_A 4 U510-2 0.1uF
C511 C513 2.2K
LM2904 OPT_RX_AUD_RETURN
R518 220pF 220pF R521 R520 3V_A
NC
220K NU 100K OPT_RX_AUD_SEND_UNMUTED
R480
OPT_TX_AUD_FLAT_RETURN 0
R519 C519 R517
100K 1uF OPT_TX_AUD_SEND
10 V
12
10
7
5
9
8
6
4
3
2
1
J471
DACR
DACG
DACU
VOX
VDDDAC
PLCAP
GND A
.022uF
UIO
DISC
SQIN
VDDA
C465
SQCAP
SYN 100K
PLCAP2
GNDDO
GCB4 .022uF
CLK168
ASFIC_CS
VDDCP
TXRTN
24 1 M1
GNDD
F1200
VDDD
J470-1
GCB3
LCAP NU
SYN
R478
NC
SPI_CLK 1
25
26
27
29
30
31
32
34
35
36
28
33
2.2K
C456 C457 C476 C478
SPI_DATA_OUT SW_B+ 2 J491-1
0.1uF 0.1uF NC .022uF 150pF
INTERNAL
C458 C493 R494 C494 MICROPHONE SPEAKER
330K CONNECTOR
R451 0.1uF 1000pF 2.2uF
1
3V_A 47K
3V
E451 2
3V 16_8_MHZ
BK1005HM471 C459 DC Level 0.3 - 0.4 V low 6 C488
VHF UHF Supply = 7.42 C480 R469
Not_Placed:NU
F1200 VCC
R493 330K
5V_B R487
0.1uF C499 1/2 Supply = 3.22 470pF 3 J491-3
Not_Placed:NU
3 4 R495
C490
470pF 5.6K
C498
1uF
DC Regulation
USWB+ U310
F301 VR301 TK71750S
J301
MMBZ5250B 1 VIN 5
POS 3 VOUT 5V
NEG
3A C301 NC D301 C303 C304 4 CTRL C312
DATA BYPASS C311 C313
GND
390pF 33uF .01uF 2 .018uF 10uF .01uF
20V
C310 Q311
.01uF
D3_3V 5R
BATT_CHARGE VR302 C314 R310
MMBZ5250B 100K
C302 C305 C306 1200pF
NC
390pF 100pF .01uF R313 R312
20V Q313
10K 20K
C315
RX_ENA 1200pF
TP302 Q312
1
TX_ENA
5T
R311
100K
D3_3V
R506 C316
100
S444 Q493
SWITCH 1200pF
3 HIGH 4 2 3
2
VOLUME R508 R509
1 5 100K 1 100K
SWB+ RESET
LOW
TAB1
TAB2
R507 C323
100
6 R322 150pF
7
Q494 100K
D3_3V
U320
R510 1 6 LP2986
4 INPUT OUTPUT 5 D3_3V
330K 8 SHUTDOWN
2 3 SENSE ERROR 7
NC 6 C321 C322
NC TAP FEEDBACK 2 C320 R320
3 GND 330K 10uF .01uF
ON_OFF 4 .018uF
1 1%
R321
200K
1%
U330
TK71730S
1
VIN VOUT 5 3V
3
CTRL
4 C334 C333
BYPASS
GND
C331 10uF .01uF
2
.01uF
C2 C4 C5 C7
28 1
C8
C1
J2
g2 g1
G2
R9 R5 9
R11
J1
C6
C3
D1
D8 D6 D4
G1
D11
R10 R6
R1
R2
R7
D9
R8
D7 D5 D3 D10
R15
R14 R13
R12
D2 R4
R3
J1
J2 DISPLAY MODULE
MAIN BOARD
CONNECTOR LEDBL
KEYPAD CONNECTOR
R9 NOT PLACED
R2 NOT PLACED
VHF (146-174MHz)
Service Information
Table of Contents
Item Description
General VHF
Dimensions with:
High Capacity Li-Ion battery 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 45mm D
NiMH FM, battery 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 45mm D
NiMH Std battery 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 43mm D
Slim Li-Ion battery: 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 42mm D
Transmitter
Specifications VHF
RF Output Low High
NiMH @ 7.5V: 1W 5W
Frequency: 146-174 MHz
Channel Spacing: 12.5/20/25 kHz
Freq. Stability: 0.00025%
(-30°C to +60°C)
Spurs/Harmonics: -36 dBm < 1 GHz
-30 dBm > 1 GHz
Audio Response: +1, -3 dB
(from 6 dB/oct. Pre-emphasis, 300 to 3000Hz)
Audio Distortion:@ 1000 Hz, 60% Rated Max. Dev. <3%
FM Noise: -40 dB (12.5 kHz)
-45 dB (25 kHz)
Receiver
VHF VHF
Specifications
12.5 kHz 20/25kHz
Frequency: 146-174 MHz
Sensitivity 12dB EIA SINAD: 0.25 µV (typical)
Adjacent Channel Selectivity: -65 dB -70 dB
Intermodulation: -70 dB
Freq. Stability (-30°C to +60°C): 0.00025%
Spur Rejection: -75 dB
Image and 1/2 I-F Rejection: -70 dB
Audio Output @ <5% Distortion: 500 mW
1.0 Introduction
This Chapter provides a detailed theory of operation for the VHF circuits in the radio. Schematic
diagrams and board layout diagrams are included in Chapter 4 in this Section of the manual.
■ Front End
■ Back End
Inj Filter
First LO
BW_SEL
from Synthesizer 6G 6E
Cer Fltr
Ceramic Switching 4E
Resonator
RSSI 12.5kHzFilter
Incoming RF signals from the antenna are first routed through the harmonic filter and antenna
switch, part of the transmitter circuitry, before being applied to the receiver front end. The receiver
front end consists of a preselector filter, RF amplifier, an interstage filter, and a double-balanced first
mixer.
The preselector filter is a fixed-tuned 4-pole design using discrete elements (L1-L4 and C1-C9) in a
series/shunt resonator configuration. It has a 3 dB bandwidth of 44 MHz, an insertion loss of 2 dB
and image attenuation of 40 dB at 235 MHz, with increasing attenuation at higher frequencies.
Diode CR1 protects the RF amplifier by limiting excessive RF levels.
The output of the filter is matched to the base of RF amplifier Q21, which provides 18 dB of gain and
a noise figure of 2 dB. Operating voltage is obtained from the 5R source, which is turned off during
transmit to reduce dissipation in Q21. Current mirror Q22 maintains the operating current of Q21
constant at 6.2 mA regardless of device and temperature variations, for optimum dynamic range
and noise figure.
The output of the RF amplifier is applied to the interstage filter, a fixed-tuned 3-pole series-coupled
resonator design having a 3 dB bandwidth of 58 MHz and insertion loss of 1.8 dB. This filter has an
image rejection of 42 dB at 235 MHz, with increasing attenuation at higher frequencies.
The output of the interstage filter is connected to the passive double-balanced mixer consisting of
components T41, T42, and CR41. This mixer has a conversion loss of 7 dB. High-side injection from
the frequency synthesizer is filtered by L40-L41 and C40-C44 to remove second harmonic energy
that may degrade half-IF spurious rejection performance. The injection filter has a 3 dB bandwidth
of 52 MHz and an insertion loss of 1.5 dB. The filtered injection signal is applied to T42 at a level of
+6 dBm.
The mixer output is applied to a diplexer network (L51-L52, C51, R51) which matches the 44.85
MHz IF signal to crystal filter FL51, and terminates the mixer into 50Ω at all other frequencies.
The receiver back end is a dual conversion design. High IF selectivity is provided by FL51, a 4-pole
fundamental mode 44.85 MHz crystal filter with a minimum 3 dB bandwidth of + 6.7 kHz, a
maximum 20 dB bandwidth of ±12.5 kHz, and a maximum insertion loss of 3.5 dB. The output is
matched to IF amplifier stage Q51 by L53 and C93. Q51 provides 16 dB of gain and a noise figure of
1.8 dB. The dc operating current is 1 mA. The output of Q51 is applied to the input of the receiver
IFIC U51. Diode CR51 limits the maximum RF level applied to the IFIC.
Additional IF selectivity is provided by two ceramic filters, FL52 (between the second mixer and IF
amp) and FL53 or FL54 (between the IF amp and the limiter input). The wider filter FL53 is used for
20/25 kHz channel spacing, and the narrower filter FL54 is used for 12.5 kHz channels. When the
BW_SEL line is high, the two upper diodes in packages D51 and D52 are forward biased, selecting
FL53 for 20/25 kHz channels. When the BW_SEL line is low, the two lower diodes in packages D51
and D52 are forward biased, selecting FL54 for 12.5 kHz channels.
Ceramic resonator Y70 provides phase vs. frequency characteristic required by the quadrature
detector, with 90 degree phase shift occurring at 455 kHz. Buffer Q70 provides a lower driving
impedance from the limiter to the resonator, improving the IF waveform and lowering the distortion
of the recovered audio signal. The recovered audio level at the DEMOD output is 100 mV rms (25
kHz channel, 3 kHz deviation) or 50 mV rms (12.5 kHz channel, 1.5 kHz deviation). An additional
RSSI output provides a DC voltage level that is proportional to RF signal level. This voltage is
measured by an A/D converter contained in the microprocessor (PE4_AN4, U401 pin 63).
■ Power Amplifier
■ Harmonic Filter
■ Antenna Matching Network
■ Power Control.
USWB+
TX_ENA
Power Control
PWR_SET
VGG VDD
5T
Antenna
Antenna
RX_IN Switch Antenna
(To Receiver) Matching
Network
The transmitter power amplifier has three stages of amplification. The first stage, Q100, operates in
Class AB from the 5T source. It provides 13 dB of gain and an output of 20 mW. The current drain is
typically 25mA. Components C105-C107 and L103 match the output of Q100 to the 50Ω input of the
module U110.
U110 is a two stage Silicon MOS FET power amplifier module. Drain voltage is obtained from
UNSW B+ after being routed through current-sense resistor R150 in the power control circuit. The
output power of the module is controlled by varying the DC gate bias on U110 pin 2 (VGG).
The antenna switch consists of two pin diodes, D120 and D121. In the receive mode, both diodes
are off. Signals applied at the antenna or at jack J140 are routed, via the harmonic filter, through
network C122-C124 and L121, to the receiver input. In the transmit mode, Q170 is on and TXB+ is
present, forward-biasing both diodes into conduction. The diode current is 50 mA, set by R120-
R122. The transmitter RF from U110 is routed through D120, and via the harmonic filter to the
antenna jack. D121 conducts, shunting RF power and preventing it from reaching the receiver. L121
is selected to appear as a 1/4 wave at VHF, so that the low impedance of D121 appears as a high
impedance at the junction of D120 and the harmonic filter input. This provides a high series
impedance and low shunt impedance divider between the power amplifier output and receiver input.
The harmonic filter consists of components C130-C136 and L130-L132. The harmonic filter is a
seven-pole elliptical low-pass configuration, optimized for low insertion loss, with a 3 dB frequency
of approximately 210 MHz and typically less than 0.8 dB insertion loss in the passband.
The harmonic filter presents a 50Ω impedance to antenna jack J140. A matching network, made up
of C140-C141 and L140, is used to match the antenna impedance to the harmonic filter. This
optimizes the performance of the transmitter and receiver into the impedance presented by the
antenna, significantly improving the antenna's efficiency.
The power control circuit is a dc-coupled amplifier whose output is the dc gate bias voltage (VGG)
applied to the two stages of the RF power amplifier U110.
The output power of the transmitter is adjusted by varying the setting of the power-set DAC
contained in the ASFICcmp IC (DACG, U451 pin 6). This PWR_SET voltage is applied to
U150 pin 3.
Stage U150-2 compares the voltage drop across current sense resistor R150 to the voltage drop
across resistor R151 caused by current flow through Q150, and adjusts its output (pin 7) to maintain
equal voltages at pins 5 and 6. Thus the current flow through Q150, and hence its emitter voltage, is
proportional to the current drawn by stage U110, which is in turn proportional to the transmitter
output power. The emitter voltage of Q150 is applied to U150 pin 2, where it is compared to the
power set voltage PWR_SET at pin 3.
The output of U150 pin 1 is divided by R110 and R111 and applied as a gate voltage to the power
amplifier U110. By varying this gate voltage as needed to keep the voltages at U150 pins 2 and 3
equal, power is maintained at the desired setting. Excessive final current, for example due to
antenna mismatch, causes a lowering of the voltage at U150 pin 6, an increased voltage at pin 2,
and a lowering of the voltage at pin 1 and of the gate voltage VGG. This prevents damage to the final
stage due to excessive current.
The Fractional-N synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3V provided by U310 and U330
respectively. 5V is applied to U201 pins 13 and 30, and 3V is applied to pins 5, 20, 34 and 36. The
synthesizer in turn generates a super-filtered 4.5V supply (VSF, from pin 28) to power U251. In
addition to the VCO, the synthesizer also interfaces with the logic and ASFICcmp circuits.
Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the microprocessor SPI_DATA_OUT,
SPI_CLK, and SYNTH_CS (chip select) lines (U409 pins 100, 1 and 47 respectively). A logic high
(3V) from U201 pin 4 indicates to the microprocessor that the synthesizer is locked.
Voltage Buffer
Multiplier Q280
TRB Rx Out
VCP To Mixer
Vmult1
Aux3 Rx VCO
Circuit VCOBIC
Vmult2 Synthesizer U251
U201 Loop
Filter Tx Out
16.8 MHz To PA Driver
Ref. Osc. Tx VCO
MOD Out
Modulating Circuit
Signal
Transmit modulation from the ASFICcmp (U451 pin 40) is applied to U201 pin 10 (MOD_IN). An
electronic attenuator in the ASFICcmp adjusts overall transmitter deviation by varying the audio
level applied to the synthesizer IC. Internally the audio is digitized by the Fractional-N synthesizer
and applied to the loop divider to provide the low-port modulation. The audio is also routed through
an internal attenuator for the purpose of balancing the low port and high port modulation and
reducing the deviation by 6 dB for 12.5 kHz channels, and is available at U201 pin 41 (VCO_MOD).
This audio signal is routed to the VCO's modulator.
The Fractional-N synthesizer, shown in Figure 2-4, uses a 16.8 MHz crystal (Y201) to provide the
reference frequency for the system. External components C201-C203, R202 and D201 are also part
of the temperature-compensated oscillator circuit. The dc voltage applied to varactor D201 from
U201 pin 25 is determined by a temperature-compensation algorithm within U201, and is specific to
each crystal Y201, based on a unique code assigned to the crystal that identifies its temperature
characteristics. Stability is better than 2.5 ppm over temperatures of -30 to 60°C. Software-
programmable electronic frequency adjustment is achieved by an internal DAC which provides a
frequency adjustment voltage from U201 pin 25 to varactor D201.
The synthesizer IC U201 further divides the 16.8 MHz signal to 2.1 MHz, 2.225 MHz, or 2.4 MHz for
use as reference frequencies. It also provides a buffered 16.8 MHz signal at U201 pin 19 for use by
the ASFICcmp.
To achieve fast locking of the synthesizer, an internal adapt charge pump provides higher current at
U201 pin 45 to quickly force the synthesizer within lock range. The required frequency is then locked
by the normal mode charge pump at pin 43. A loop filter (C243-C245 and R243-R245) removes
noise and spurs from the steering voltage applied to the VCO varactors, with additional filtering
located in the VCO circuit.
Both the normal and adapt charge pumps get their supply from the capacitive voltage multiplier
made up of C221-C224 and D220-D221. Two 3V square waves from U201 pins 14-15 provide the
drive signals for the voltage multiplier, which generates 12.1V at U201 pin 47. This voltage is filtered
by C225-C228.
One of the auxiliary outputs of the synthesizer IC (AUX3, U201 pin 2) provides the TRB signal which
determines the operating mode of the VCO, either receive or transmit.
7 4
DATA (U401 Pin 100) DATA LOCK LOCK (U401 Pin 56)
8 19
CLOCK (U401 Pin 1) CLK FREFOUT FREF (U451 Pin 34)
9 6,22,23,24
SYNTH_CS (U401 Pin 47) CEX GND
10 43
MOD IN (U451 Pin 40) MODIN IOUT 2-Pole Steering
13,30 45 Loop Filter Line
+5V (U310 Pin 5) VCC , 5V IADAPT
5,20,34,36 U201 41 LO RF
+3V (U330 Pin 5) VDD , 3V Low Voltage MODOUT Injection
23 Fractional-N VCO
Reference XTAL1 Mod
Synthesizer
Oscillator 2 TRB Voltage
AUX3
Controlled
25 28 Filtered 5V
WARP SFOUT Oscillator
32 40
PREIN BIAS1
47 39 TX RF
VCP BIAS2
VMULT2 VMULT1 Injection
(First Stage of PA)
14 15
Voltage
Multiplier
Prescaler In
The VCOBIC (U251), shown in Figure 2-5, in conjunction with the Fractional-N synthesizer (U201)
generates RF in both the receive and the transmit modes of operation. The TRB line (U251 pin 19)
determines which oscillator and buffer are enabled. A sample of the RF signal from the enabled
oscillator is routed from U251 pin 12 through a low pass filter, to the prescaler input of the
synthesizer IC (U201 pin 32). After frequency comparison in the synthesizer, a resultant DC control
voltage is used to steer the VCO frequency. When the PLL is locked on frequency, this voltage can
vary between 3.0V and 9V. L251 and C252 further attenuate noise and spurs on the steering line
voltage.
In the receive mode, the TRB line (U251 pin 19) is low. This activates the receive VCO and the
receive buffer of U251, which operate within the range of 190.85 to 218.85 MHz. The VCO
frequency is determined by tank inductor L254, C253-C257, and varactor D251. The buffered RF
signal at U251 pin 8 is further amplified by Q280 and applied as RX_INJ to the low-pass injection
filter in the receiver front end circuit.
In the transmit mode, U251-19 is driven high by U201 pin 2, enabling the transmit VCO and buffer.
The 146-174 MHz RF signal from U251 pin 10 is applied as TX_INJ to the input of the transmitter
circuit via matching network C290-C291 and L291. TX VCO frequency is determined by L264,
C263-C267, and varactor D261. High-port audio modulation from the synthesizer IC is applied as
VCO_MOD to varactor D262 which modulates the transmit VCO.
TRB_IN
Pin 20 Pin 19
Pin 7
NC
TX/RX/BS
Pin 13 Switching Network
NC
V_SF
3V (U201 Pin 28)
(U330 Pin 5)
This section contains detailed troubleshooting tables. These tables should be used as a guide in
determining the problem areas. They are not a substitute for knowledge of circuit operation and
astute troubleshooting techniques. It is advisable to refer to the related detailed circuit descriptions
in the theory of operation sections prior to troubleshooting a radio.
Most troubleshooting tables end up by pointing to an IC to replace. It is not always noted, but it is
good practice to verify supplies and grounds to the affected IC and to trace continuity to the
malfunctioning signal and related circuitry before replacing any IC. For instance, if a clock signal is
not available at a destination, continuity from the source IC should be checked before replacing the
source IC.
The VHF circuits are contained on the printed circuit board (PCB) which also contains the Controller
circuits. This Chapter shows the schematics for the VHF circuits, the Controller circuits are
contained in Section 2 of this manual. The PCB component layouts and the Parts Lists in this
Chapter show both the Controller and VHF circuit components. The VHF schematics and the related
PCB and parts list are shown in the table below.
The main PCB is a 6-layer circuit board, the copper steps are in the layer sequence shown below.
SIDE 1
LAYER 1 (L1)
LAYER 2 (L2)
LAYER 3 (L3)
LAYER 4 (L4) INNER LAYERS
LAYER 5 (L5)
LAYER 6 (L6)
SIDE 2
D301
C478
7
6 5 3
C465
R480
4
C458 C488
C303
R414
C454
J470
C513 S444
C501
25 2
R463
C480
C476
37
R514 R513
E500
FL53
J471
R469
4 3
C477
R470
VR471
R473 4
C269
R264
R254
U451
C258
3
FL54 R496
R263
Q472
2
5 4
VR301
C470
R253
R483
R472 R481
VR472
13 2 C473 2
D471
C489 C482
C266 C265
C256
R522 C302
D424
3 4
L471
L254
L264
D470
C264
C254
C301
U480
C461
R262
R261
C255
R489
C263 4
C69
C460 Q171 5 8
VR473
L263 L253 VR475
R171
C421
R63
R443
R482
5
R462
Q440
R503 5 8
C422
R61
D261 D251
R524
R424
R280
3
L251
C251
Q402
R281 R282
R442
C430 C431
C286 R286
1
4
2
R445 R446 C500
C305
C446
C281 1
3
2
SH253
J301
S440
Y70
C
C306
C
32
17
Q403 21
L283
8
Q280 L281
2
C402 VR110
8
C283
R245
C244
C504 C243
C404
R243 C112
R247
R244
U404
C284
C407
C212
C507
R212
C92
L211 5 U110
R248
C408
C409
C204
37
C506 C113
1
C503 C217
C241
SH201
C35
C23
C505 1 R24
C207
C216 3
1
C25
U201
C210
7 22
16
C34
C6
L1
C400
L32
R400
L4
C232 Q21
L22
C29
C4
C5
C7
R22
C208
C433 C117
C30
R504
C36
25
R431
C231 C31
13
SH1
C22
C418
M140
R26 C8
C2
C33 C32
C24
R25
4
C230
C233
L2
C410
C3
L33 L3
J140
C412
C1
C219
R410
C9
C205
R20
C20
R23
C26
R21
Q22
C99
TP405
TP402
TP401
C121
C206 R206 C51 C52 C53 C140
C122
C130
C141
C132
C417 R416 C220 R52 L120
CR51
R411 U151 L130 L132
L51
R54
Q410
C222 C55
L52 R121
2
R434 2
3
4
R502
3
3
TP302
D220
R433
R51
C57
SH52
L140
D120
R432 C135
C56
C131
C137
C221 FL51 R53
L53
L121
4 6 R55 R150
Y201
R501 5
Q51
C133
C223 C58
L131
C93
C134
C136
31
32
6 4
D221
R151
2
SH200 3 D121
4
C158 R162
R154
4
R227 C152
C150 R152
C124 C123
U150
R155
C227 C228
C90
R413 R430
R90
R153
SH100
CR41
C72
C73
C115
8
C203 R91
SH400
C211
C60
D201 L54
1
U401
C225
C226
SH40
R75
R76 C151
J460
C156
R157
R110
TP150
C71
R202
R77 C155
C159
C116
TP2
C80
R74
L110
R78
C110
R246 C70 R57 Q150 C111
C81
C153 C154
R73 R107
TP200
3 C109 R111
R106
TP1
R156
T42 10 L100
4
C172 C107
C170 C120
6
Q70
4 1
C106
76 C103
SH50
51 U51
R105 C108
L101
C445
C440 C441
2
Q170
4
3
L103
C102
29
Y51
D440
28 30
C44 C171
1
6
L291 C285 R72 11 20
R412
R101 C100
C444
C443
C414
C442
R276 C290
29
C101
R40
C277
Q100
R103
L41
R440
R441
3
C291
C104
R418 R415
L292 R104
R422
C65 L102
11
C105
10
R100 R102
2
R284
R423
C62
C63
L282
C447
L276
C42
C411
C416
R475
R505 L40
R523
R273
C292
L81
U251
C401 C420
R82
SH251
C276 C479
C475
R478
C498
R62
R497
R60
C40
C490
R488
D52 C74
C272
Q520
C512
TP301
L270
C467
R474
R516 R511
20
C471
1
D491
C511
C459
C453 R271
C492
R492
U511
R272
C304
3
4
R519
4
R490
2
R498
3
C275
C519
R491
C464
C483
R494
R495
R515
1
R493
U510
C313
C451
U310
R464
TP403
Q493
Q481
R486
5 8 C462 C466 R507
C311
C310 R487
D414
R509
R321
J491
R312
C481
R313
C457
R518
C456
C323
E451
R451
C497
C320
Q312
3
C322
C484
VR474
R255
8
C312 3
U320
R322
C493
Q313
5
4
TP404
R311
R310
C314
C315 C494
R506 C316
VHF R2
USWB+ 5V 5T 5R 3V
USWB+ 5T
USWB+ 5V 5T 5R 3V
5V 5R
USWB+ 5T
TX_ENA
TX_ENA
PWR_SET
5V 5R
TX_VHF_R2
PWR_SET
DEMOD DEMOD RX_BE RX_FE_VHF_R2
BW_SEL BW_SEL IF_IN IF_OUT RX_IN RX_OUT
RX_INJ
5V 3V 5R 3V
5V 3V 5R 3V
MOD_OUT MOD_IN
PRESC PRESC
16_8_MHZ 16_8_MHZ RX_INJ
SYNTH_VHF_R2 V_STEER V_STEER
SYNTH_CS SYNTH_CS
VCO_VHF_R2
V_SF V_SF
SPI_CLK SPI_CLK
VCO_MOD VCO_MOD
SPI_DATA_OUT SPI_DATA_OUT TX_INJ
TRB TRB
LOCK LOCK
1 4
C20 R23
22K
1000pF R22 C99
1%
6.8K
0.1uF
3.9V
C31
30pF L31 L32 L33
C23 R24 C29 68nH C33 68nH C35 68nH 4 T41 3
750 2% 2% 2%
C2 C4 C5 C6 C8 1000pF 20pF 1% 24pF 27pF 2
L1 15pF 3.0pF L4 30pF 3 C30 C32 C34 C36
FE_RF_IN 36pF 15pF 68nH R26 C22 1% 1% 1%
68nH 0.74V 1 6 1
RX_IN 24pF 56pF 56pF 24pF
2% 2% 0
Q21 1% RF BALUN 5
1% 1% 3.3% 1% 3 1% 1000pF BFS540 1% 1% 1% CR41
C1 C3 C7 C9 C24 2 NC NC
L2 L3 L21 R25 HSMS2829
47pF 68nH 68nH NU 5.6K
22pF 2% 33pF NU NU
2%
1% 1% 1% 1
1 2
CR1
MMBD352 IO1
3 4
IO3 IO4
4 T42 3
IO2
L41 2
L40
FE_RF_INJ C41 68nH 68nH C43 2
6 1
RX_INJ
2% 2% IF BALUN 5
15pF 15pF NC
C40 C42 C44 NC
1% 1% R40
20pF 36pF 20pF 1K
1% 1% 1%
1
TP1
TP2
1
5V
GND1
GND2
R61 U52-2
100K TC7W04F 3 4
IF_BAND_SEL
5V for 25kHz 6 2
BW_SE L
0V for 12.5kHz C69
D51 R63 R64 D52
0.1uF 2 39K FL54 20K 1
3 CFWC455G
3
1 1 IN OUT 2 2
C74
5V R62 R67
U52-3 47pF
SH50 SH52 3.3K 20K
TC7W04F
GND1
GND2
SHIELD SHIELD
8 3 5
NC R60
U52-4 VCC
2.4K 3 4
PWR_GND 1 1
GND FL52 C62 C63
4 FLTR
9180468V04 0.1uF 0.1uF
1 IN OU T 2
C64 C67 5V
C61 C65 C66
0.1uF 0.1uF
R72
GND
3 3
5V 1 Q70
MMBT3904
IF_5V R91
MIXOUT 20
19
18
17
16
LIMIN 14
LIM_DEC1 13
LIM_DEC2 12
LIMOUT 11
3.39V 2
5V
IFAMP_DEC1
IFAMPI N
IFAMP_DEC2
IFAMPOUT
1.6K
C56
R55 5V
0.1uF 330 R73 C70
R90 1.8K
6 15
VCC U51 GND 130pF
7 AUDIO_FEED
51 SA616 R74
9 RSSI_FEED
8 AUDIOOU T
2 RFIN_DEC
C90
3 OSCOUT
10 QUADIN
4 OSCIN
0.1uF
1 RFIN
12K 1% 1%
18pF 3.6pF 1 2
C53 NU 0.1uF
1 4 Y51
9.1pF TSS2_44_395MHZ
R81
1.1%
1K 44.395MHz R77 R78 IF_DEMOD
C82 1.5V
1 DEMOD
3 OU T IN 8.2K 680 C73
33pF 1%
R76 4700pF
L81 1% R82 GND1 GND 12K
1uH NU 4 2 1%
VHF R2 Synthesizer
FN_V_SF
4.5V
V_SF
C231 C232 C233
SH200 SH201 R247
R230 1000pF 0.1uF 4.7uF
SHIELD SHIELD 200K 270K
22
33
44
6
1 1 FN_LOCK
PRE_GND
PD_GND
DGND
AGND
LOCK
C204 LOCK: 3V
31 NC3 25 UNLOCK: 0V
NC WARP 470pF
29 NC2 INDMULT 16 NC
NC 17 NC1 28
NC SFOUT
ADAPTSW 46 NC
42 CCOMP LOCK 4 FN_V_STEER
C241 NC 18 REFSEL R245
43
FN_PRESC 1200pF NC IOUT V_STEER
1.5K
PRESC 32 PREIN IADAPT 45 C243 C244 3.0V to 8.0V
NC
27 SFBASE TEST2 38 NC R243
26 SFCAP TEST1 37 NC 2K
0.1uF 1200pF
R248
39 BIAS2
U201 3 FN_TRB
51 C230 63A 27 AUX4 NC R246
40 BIAS1 2 1
AUX3 TRB TP200
AUX2 1 NC
2.2uF 21 VBPASS 48 100K R244
NC AUX1 NC TX: 3V
35 PVREF 11 51
NC VMULT4 NC RX: 0V
VMULT3 12 NC
FN_DAT A 30 SFIN 14 1
7 DATA VMULT1 TP240
SPI_DATA_OUT VMULT2 15
10 MODIN
C245
FN_VCO_MOD
FN_MOD 9 CEX MODOUT 41 VCO_MOD
MOD_IN 8 CLK FREFOUT 19 1uF
XTAL2 24
PRE_VDD
FN_16_8 C220
VRO
VCP
C221
C211 NU
C207 C208 C209 C210 Y202 .01uF
0.1uF 45J68
470pF 470pF 470pF 470pF 3 K3
4
NU A3 4
C222 2 K2 5 R223
3V 1 K1 A2 6
VCC A1
C206 R206 0V
3 1 .01uF 100
OUT VCON 3V D220 C218 C219
FN_3V L211 NU 16.8MHz
NU 0V C223
3V GND 2.2uF 0.1uF
560nH
C212 C214 Y201 2
C213 .01uF
14R06
Reference Oscillator
2.2uF .01uF 1000pF 16.8MHz
Crystal TCXO 3 1 C224
OU T IN
C201 220pF NU
D201 C203
GND1 GND .01uF NC 3
C202 62pF NU K3 A3 4 NC
4 2 2 K2 A2 5
C203 2.7pF NU 1SV232 2.7pF 1 K1
3.7% A1 6
C206 NU 0.01uF
D221
R202 150k 47k
R206 NU 100
D201 1SV232 NU C228 C227 C226 C225
R227
Y201 14R06 NU 150K
0.1uF 1000pF 10uF 10uF
Y202 NU 45J68
5V
FN_5V R212
5V
0
C215 C216 C217
0.1uF R284
L282 L292
14
18
1 1 1 47nH 330 68nH
C273 R271 R272
VCC_LOGI C
VCC_BUFFERS
8.2K 9.1K
C271 R274 .01uF
L271
33 NU C290 VCO_TX_INJ
.01uF
D251
1 TX_IADJ TX_OU T 10 TX_INJ
C253 C255
2 RX_IADJ RX_OUT 8
1 3 SUPER_FLTR 51pF C291
3 16pF 18pF 4 L291
COLL_RFIN 7 27nH
2 5 RX_BASE RX_SWITCH 13 NC
6 TX_SWITCH NC 36pF
RX_EMITTER 12
1% 1% 16 TX_BASE PRESC_OUT
L253 C254 L254 15
33nH C256 TX_EMITTER
L252 100nH 20 FLIP_IN
17 GND_BUFFERS
3.3pF 2% R254 C258
560nH 19 TRB_IN
3.0% 10pF 220 U251
GND_LOGIC
1.0% 1200pF 9 GND_FLAG VCO_5R L281
4 50 U5
R253 5R
68nH
VCO_V_STEER L251 47 C284 R281
V_STEER C257 9.1K
560nH L255 1200pF
3.0V to 8.0V 330nH
C251 36pF
11
1SV229
TX: 3V
VCO_TRB R275 RX: 0V
TRB
0 C275
1200pF
PA_USWB+
VHF R2 Tx
USWB+
PA_TX_EN A 3 C170
R171 1
TX_ENA Q171 0.1uF
4 5 6
6.8K MMBT3904 Q170
2
EMB10
R524
SH100 10K
SHIELD
3 2 1
1 C172
1500pF
C120
C157 C154 R120 1500pF
150
0.1uF 1500pF R152
C155
R158 C151 100K 1% R121
R153 U151 150
1.5K 0.1uF 1500pF C150 100K
1%
C156 1500pF
3 8 6 57R01
Q150 1 7 R154 R151 C121
.01uF R157 5
2 L120
8 2
5.6K 4 100K 1% 22 560nH 1500pF
TP150 1 C152
U150-2 R155 R150
1 3 LM2904 100K 0.1
C159 R156 C153 1500pF
U150-1 4
330
1%
LM2904 1500pF 0.47uF
PA_PWR_SET R162
PWR_SET
10K
C158
1500pF
C113 C115 C116 J140
1500pF 0.1uF C137
1uF S1
3.0 VHF PCB 8486342Z13-C Parts List Circuit Motorola Circuit Motorola Circuit Motorola
Description Description Description
Ref Part No. Ref Part No. Ref Part No.
Circuit Motorola C62 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C122 2113740F31 CAP, 15pF C216 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
Description
Ref Part No. C63 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C123 2113740F31 CAP, 15pF C217 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C1 2109445U41 CAP, 22pF C64 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C124 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C218 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF
C2 2109445U46 CAP, 36pF C65 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C130 2113740F29 CAP, 12pF C219 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C3 2109445U49 CAP, 47pF C66 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C131 2113740F15 CAP, 3.3pF C220 2113743N34 CAP, 22pF
C4 2109445U37 CAP, 15pF C67 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C132 2113740F37 CAP, 27pF C221 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C5 2109445U14 CAP, 3.0pF C68 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C133 2113740F15 CAP, 3.3pF C222 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C6 2109445U37 CAP, 15pF C69 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C134 2113740F37 CAP, 27pF C223 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C7 2109445U45 CAP, 33pF C70 2113743N53 CAP, 130pF C135 2113740F17 CAP, 3.9pF C224 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C8 2109445U44 CAP, 30pF C71 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C136 2113740F30 CAP, 13pF C225 2311049A57 CAPP, 10uF
C9 Not_Placed CAP, 4.7pF C72 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C137 2113740F58 CAP, 200pF C226 2311049A57 CAPP, 10uF
C20 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF C73 2113743L33 CAP, 4700pF C140 2113740F30 CAP, 13pF C227 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C22 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF C74 2113743N42 CAP, 47pF C141 2113740F33 CAP, 18pF C228 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C23 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF C80 2109445U41 CAP, 22pF C150 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C230 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF
C24 Not_Placed CAP, 6.2pF C81 2109445U45 CAP, 33pF C151 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C231 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C25 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF C82 2109445U41 CAP, 22pF C152 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C232 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C26 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF C90 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C153 2113743K18 CAP, 0.47uF C233 2311049A56 CAPP, 4.7uF
C29 2109445U48 CAP, 43pF C91 2311049A57 CAPP, 10uF C154 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C241 2113743L19 CAP, 1200pF
C30 2109445U42 CAP, 24pF C92 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C155 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C243 2113741M69 CAP, 0.1uF
C31 2109445U44 CAP, 30pF C93 Not_Placed CAP, 3.6pF C156 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF C244 2113741F27 CAP, 1200pF
C32 2109445U51 CAP, 56pF C99 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C157 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C245 2311049A08 CAPP, 1uF
C33 2109445U42 CAP, 24pF C100 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C158 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C251 2113741F49 CAP, .01uF
C34 2109445U51 CAP, 56pF C101 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C159 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C253 2109445U38 CAP, 16pF
C35 2109445U43 CAP, 27pF C102 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C170 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C254 2109445U15 CAP, 3.3pF
C36 2109445U42 CAP, 24pF C103 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C171 2113743N12 CAP, 2.7pF C255 2109445U39 CAP, 18pF
C40 2109445U40 CAP, 20pF C104 Not_Placed CAP, 27pF C172 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C256 2109445U27 CAP, 10pF
C41 2109445U37 CAP, 15pF C105 Not_Placed CAP, 10pF C201 2113740F59 CAP, 220pF C257 2109445U46 CAP, 36pF
C42 2109445U46 CAP, 36pF C106 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C202 2109445U52 CAP, 62pF C258 2113743L19 CAP, 1200pF
C43 2109445U37 CAP, 15pF C107 2113743N26 CAP, 10pF C203 2109445U13 CAP, 2.7pF C263 2109445U43 CAP, 27pF
C44 2109445U40 CAP, 20pF C108 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C204 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF C264 2109445U19 CAP, 4.7pF
C51 2113743N48 CAP, 82pF C109 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C205 Not_Placed CAP, 2.7pF C265 2109445U37 CAP, 15pF
C52 2113743N28 CAP, 12pF C110 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C206 Not_Placed CAP, 1000pF C266 2109445U27 CAP, 10pF
C53 2109445U26 CAP, 9.1pF C111 Not_Placed CAP, 1500pF C207 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF C267 2109445U46 CAP, 36pF
C55 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C112 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C208 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF C268 2109445U13 CAP, 2.7pF
C56 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C113 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C209 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF C269 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF
C57 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C114 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C210 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF C270 2113743L19 CAP, 1200pF
C58 2113743N16 CAP, 3.9pF C115 2311049A07 CAPP, 1uF C211 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C271 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C59 2113743N12 CAP, 2.7pF C116 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C212 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF C272 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C60 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C117 2113741F25 CAP, 1000pF C213 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF C273 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C61 2113743N46 CAP, 68pF C120 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C214 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF C274 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C121 2113743L21 CAP, 1500pF C215 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF C275 2113743L19 CAP, 1200pF
UHF1 (403-440MHz)
Service Information
Table of Contents
Item Description
General UHF1
Dimensions with:
High Capacity Li-Ion battery 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 45mm D
NiMH FM, battery 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 45mm D
NiMH Std battery 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 43mm D
Slim Li-Ion battery: 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 42mm D
Transmitter
Specifications UHF1
RF Output Low High
NiMH @ 7.5V: 1W 4W
Frequency: 403-440 MHz
Channel Spacing: 12.5/20/25 kHz
Freq. Stability: 0.00025%
(-30°C to +60°C)
Spurs/Harmonics: -36 dBm < 1 GHz
-30 dBm > 1 GHz
Audio Response: +1, -3 dB
(from 6 dB/oct. Pre-emphasis, 300 to 3000Hz)
Audio Distortion:@ 1000 Hz, 60% Rated Max. Dev. <3%
FM Noise: -40 dB (12.5 kHz)
-45 dB (25 kHz)
Receiver
UHF1 UHF1
Specifications
12.5 kHz 20/25kHz
Frequency: 403-440 MHz
Sensitivity 12dB EIA SINAD: 0.25 µV (typical)
Adjacent Channel Selectivity: -60 dB -70 dB
Intermodulation: -70 dB
Freq. Stability (-30°C to +60°C): 0.00025%
Spur Rejection: -75 dB
Image and 1/2 I-F Rejection: -70 dB
Audio Output @ <5% Distortion: 500 mW
1.0 Introduction
This Chapter provides a detailed theory of operation for the UHF1 circuits in the radio. Schematic
diagrams and board layout diagrams are included in Chapter 4 in this Section of the manual.
■ Front End
■ Back End
Inj Filter
First LO
BW_SEL
from Synthesizer 6G 6E
Cer Fltr
Ceramic Switching 4E
Resonator
RSSI 12.5kHzFilter
Incoming RF signals from the antenna are first routed through the harmonic filter and antenna
switch, part of the transmitter circuitry, before being applied to the receiver front end. The receiver
front end consists of a preselector filter, RF amplifier, an interstage filter, and a double-balanced first
mixer.
The preselector filter is a fixed-tuned 3-pole Butterworth design using discrete elements (L1-L3, C1-
C10, C12 and C523) in a shunt-resonator configuration. It has a 3 dB bandwidth of 68 MHz
centered at 421 MHz, an insertion loss of 2.2 dB and image attenuation of 38 dB at 350 MHz. Diode
CR1 protects the RF amplifier by limiting excessive RF levels. The filter bandwidth is considerably
wider than the receive band, to achieve low insertion loss in a compact size. C523 provides a
transmission-zero to improve image attenuation.
The output of the filter is matched to the base of RF amplifier Q21, which provides 18 dB of gain and
a noise figure of 4 dB. A BFS505 device is used for high gain, low noise figure and reduced
operating current. Operating voltage is obtained from the 5R source, which is turned off during
transmit to reduce dissipation in Q21. Current mirror Q22 maintains the operating current of Q21
constant at 8 mA regardless of device and temperature variations, for optimum dynamic range and
noise figure.
The output of the RF amplifier is applied to the interstage filter, a fixed-tuned 4-pole Butterworth
shunt-coupled resonator design having a 3 dB bandwidth of 68 MHz centered at 462 MHz, and
insertion loss of 3 dB. This filter yields an image rejection of 48 dB at 380 MHz, assisted by a
transmission-zero at 300 MHz implemented by C524 for the reasons mentioned above.
The output of the interstage filter is connected to the passive double-balanced mixer consisting of
components T41, T42, and CR41. This mixer has a conversion loss of 7.2 dB. Low-side injection
from the frequency synthesizer is filtered by L40-L41 and C41-C45 to remove second harmonic
energy that may degrade half-IF spurious rejection performance. The injection filter has a 3 dB
bandwidth of 100 MHz centered at 376.15 MHz, and an insertion loss of 2.7 dB. The second-
harmonic rejection is typically 45 dB or greater. The filtered injection signal is applied to T42 at a
level of +6 dBm.
The mixer output is applied to a diplexer network (L51-L52, C51, R51) which matches the 44.85
MHz IF signal to crystal filter FL51, and terminates the mixer into 50Ω at all other frequencies.
The receiver back end is a dual conversion design. High IF selectivity is provided by FL51, a 4-pole
fundamental mode 44.85 MHz crystal filter with a minimum 3 dB bandwidth of ±6.7 kHz, a maximum
20 dB bandwidth of + 12.5 kHz, and a maximum insertion loss of 3.5 dB. The output is matched to IF
amplifier stage Q51 by L53 and C93. Q51 provides 16 dB of gain and a noise figure of 1.8 dB. The
dc operating current is 1 mA. The output of Q51 is applied to the input of the receiver IFIC U51.
Diode CR51 limits the maximum RF level applied to the IFIC.
Additional IF selectivity is provided by two ceramic filters, FL52 (between the second mixer and IF
amp) and FL53 or FL54 (between the IF amp and the limiter input). The wider filter FL53 is used for
20/25 kHz channel spacing, and the narrower filter FL54 is used for 12.5 kHz channels. When the
BW_SEL line is high, the two upper diodes in packages D51 and D52 are forward biased, selecting
FL53 for 20/25 kHz channels. When the BW_SEL line is low, the two lower diodes in packages D51
and D52 are forward biased, selecting FL54 for 12.5 kHz channels.
Ceramic resonator Y70 provides phase vs. frequency characteristic required by the quadrature
detector, with 90 degree phase shift occurring at 455 kHz. Buffer Q70 provides a lower driving
impedance from the limiter to the resonator, improving the IF waveform and lowering the distortion
of the recovered audio signal. The recovered audio level at the DEMOD output is 100 mV rms (25
kHz channel, 3 kHz deviation) or 50 mV rms (12.5 kHz channel, 1.5 kHz deviation). An additional
RSSI output provides a DC voltage level that is proportional to RF signal level. This voltage is
measured by an A/D converter contained in the microprocessor (PE4_AN4, U401 pin 63).
■ Power Amplifier
■ Harmonic Filter
■ Antenna Matching Network
■ Power Control.
USWB+
TX_ENA
Power Control
PWR_SET
VGG VDD
5T
Antenna
Antenna
RX_IN Switch Antenna
(To Receiver) Matching
Network
The transmitter power amplifier has three stages of amplification. The first stage, Q100, operates in
Class A from the 5T source. It provides 17 dB of gain and an output of 50 mW. The current drain is
typically 35mA. Components C105, C107 and L103 match the output of Q100 to the 50Ω input of
the module U110.
U110 is a two stage Silicon MOS FET power amplifier module. Drain voltage is obtained from
UNSW B+ after being routed through current-sense resistor R150 in the power control circuit. The
output power of the module is controlled by varying the DC gate bias on U110 pin 2 (VGG).
The antenna switch consists of two pin diodes, D120 and D121. In the receive mode, both diodes
are off. Signals applied at the antenna or at jack J140 are routed, via the harmonic filter, through
network C122-C124 and L121, to the receiver input. In the transmit mode, Q170 is on and TXB+ is
present, forward-biasing both diodes into conduction. The diode current is 20 mA, set by R120-
R121. The transmitter RF from U110 is routed through D120, and via the harmonic filter to the
antenna jack. D121 conducts, shunting RF power and preventing it from reaching the receiver. L121
is selected to appear as a 1/4 wave at UHF, so that the low impedance of D121 appears as a high
impedance at the junction of D120 and the harmonic filter input. This provides a high series
impedance and low shunt impedance divider between the power amplifier output and receiver input.
The harmonic filter consists of components C122, C136 and L130-L132. The harmonic filter is a
seven-pole Chebychev low-pass configuration, optimized for low insertion loss, with a 3 dB
frequency of approximately 600 MHz and typically less than 0.8 dB insertion loss in the passband.
The harmonic filter presents a 50Ω impedance to antenna jack J140. A matching network, made up
of C140-C141 and L140, is used to match the antenna impedance to the harmonic filter. This
optimizes the performance of the transmitter and receiver into the impedance presented by the
antenna, significantly improving the antenna's efficiency.
The power control circuit is a dc-coupled amplifier whose output is the dc gate bias voltage (VGG)
applied to the two stages of the RF power amplifier U110.
The output power of the transmitter is adjusted by varying the setting of the power-set DAC
contained in the ASFICcmp IC (DACG, U451 pin 6). This PWR_SET voltage is applied to
U150 pin 3.
Stage U150-2 compares the voltage drop across current sense resistor R150 to the voltage drop
across resistor R151 caused by current flow through Q150, and adjusts its output (pin 7) to maintain
equal voltages at pins 5 and 6. Thus the current flow through Q150, and hence its emitter voltage, is
proportional to the current drawn by stage U110, which is in turn proportional to the transmitter
output power. The emitter voltage of Q150 is applied to U150 pin 2, where it is compared to the
power set voltage PWR_SET at pin 3.
The output of U150 pin 1 is divided by R110 and R111 and applied as a gate voltage to the power
amplifier U110. By varying this gate voltage as needed to keep the voltages at U150 pins 2 and 3
equal, power is maintained at the desired setting. Excessive final current, for example due to
antenna mismatch, causes a lowering of the voltage at U150 pin 6, an increased voltage at pin 2,
and a lowering of the voltage at pin 1 and of the gate voltage VGG. This prevents damage to the final
stage due to excessive current.
The Fractional-N synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3V provided by U310 and U330
respectively. 5V is applied to U201 pins 13 and 30, and 3V is applied to pins 5, 20, 34 and 36. The
synthesizer in turn generates a super-filtered 4.5V supply (VSF, from pin 28) to power U251. In
addition to the VCO, the synthesizer also interfaces with the logic and ASFICcmp circuits.
Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the microprocessor SPI_DATA_OUT,
SPI_CLK, and SYNTH_CS (chip select) lines (U409 pins 100, 1 and 47 respectively). A logic high
(3V) from U201 pin 4 indicates to the microprocessor that the synthesizer is locked.
Voltage Buffer
Multiplier Q280
TRB Rx Out
VCP To Mixer
Vmult1
Aux3 Rx VCO
Circuit VCOBIC
Vmult2 Synthesizer U251
U201 Loop
Filter Tx Out
16.8 MHz To PA Driver
Ref. Osc. Tx VCO
MOD Out
Modulating Circuit
Signal
Transmit modulation from the ASFICcmp (U451 pin 40) is applied to U201 pin 10 (MOD_IN). An
electronic attenuator in the ASFICcmp adjusts overall transmitter deviation by varying the audio
level applied to the synthesizer IC. Internally the audio is digitized by the Fractional-N synthesizer
and applied to the loop divider to provide the low-port modulation. The audio is also routed through
an internal attenuator for the purpose of balancing the low port and high port modulation and
reducing the deviation by 6 dB for 12.5 kHz channels, and is available at U201 pin 41 (VCO_MOD).
This audio signal is routed to the VCO's modulator.
The Fractional-N synthesizer, shown in Figure 2-4, uses a 16.8 MHz crystal (Y201) to provide the
reference frequency for the system. External components C201-C203, R202 and D201 are also part
of the temperature-compensated oscillator circuit. The dc voltage applied to varactor D201 from
U201 pin 25 is determined by a temperature-compensation algorithm within U201, and is specific to
each crystal Y201, based on a unique code assigned to the crystal that identifies its temperature
characteristics. Stability is better than 2.5 ppm over temperatures of -30 to 60°C. Software-
programmable electronic frequency adjustment is achieved by an internal DAC which provides a
frequency adjustment voltage from U201 pin 25 to varactor D201.
The synthesizer IC U201 further divides the 16.8 MHz signal to 2.1 MHz, 2.225 MHz, or 2.4 MHz for
use as reference frequencies. It also provides a buffered 16.8 MHz signal at U201 pin 19 for use by
the ASFICcmp.
To achieve fast locking of the synthesizer, an internal adapt charge pump provides higher current at
U201 pin 45 to quickly force the synthesizer within lock range. The required frequency is then locked
by the normal mode charge pump at pin 43. A loop filter (C243-C245 and R243-R245) removes
noise and spurs from the steering voltage applied to the VCO varactors, with additional filtering
located in the VCO circuit.
Both the normal and adapt charge pumps get their supply from the capacitive voltage multiplier
made up of C221-C224 and D220-D221. Two 3V square waves from U201 pins 14-15 provide the
drive signals for the voltage multiplier, which generates 12.1V at U201 pin 47. This voltage is filtered
by C225-C228.
One of the auxiliary outputs of the synthesizer IC (AUX3, U201 pin 2) provides the TRB signal which
determines the operating mode of the VCO, either receive or transmit.
7 4
DATA (U401 Pin 100) DATA LOCK LOCK (U401 Pin 56)
8 19
CLOCK (U401 Pin 1) CLK FREFOUT FREF (U451 Pin 34)
9 6,22,23,24
SYNTH_CS (U401 Pin 47) CEX GND
10 43
MOD IN (U451 Pin 40) MODIN IOUT 2-Pole Steering
13,30 45 Loop Filter Line
+5V (U310 Pin 5) VCC , 5V IADAPT
5,20,34,36 U201 41 LO RF
+3V (U330 Pin 5) VDD , 3V Low Voltage MODOUT Injection
23 Fractional-N VCO
Reference XTAL1 Mod
Synthesizer
Oscillator 2 TRB Voltage
AUX3
Controlled
25 28 Filtered 5V
WARP SFOUT Oscillator
32 40
PREIN BIAS1
47 39 TX RF
VCP BIAS2
VMULT2 VMULT1 Injection
(First Stage of PA)
14 15
Voltage
Multiplier
Prescaler In
The VCOBIC (U251), shown in Figure 2-5, in conjunction with the Fractional-N synthesizer (U201)
generates RF in both the receive and the transmit modes of operation. The TRB line (U251 pin 19)
determines which oscillator and buffer are enabled. A sample of the RF signal from the enabled
oscillator is routed from U251 pin 12 through a low pass filter, to the prescaler input of the
synthesizer IC (U201 pin 32). After frequency comparison in the synthesizer, a resultant DC control
voltage is used to steer the VCO frequency. When the PLL is locked on frequency, this voltage can
vary between 3.5V and 10V. L251 and C252 further attenuate noise and spurs on the steering line
voltage.
In the receive mode, the TRB line (U251 pin 19) is low. This activates the receive VCO and the
receive buffer of U251, which operate within the range of 358.15 to 395.15 MHz. The VCO
frequency is determined by tank inductor L254, C253-C257, and varactor D251. The buffered RF
signal at U251 pin 8 is further amplified by Q280 and applied as RX_INJ to the low-pass injection
filter in the receiver front end circuit.
In the transmit mode, U251-19 is driven high by U201 pin 2, enabling the transmit VCO and buffer.
The 403-440 MHz RF signal from U251 pin 10 is applied as TX_INJ to the input of the transmitter
circuit via matching network C290-C291 and L291. TX VCO frequency is determined by L264,
C263-C267, and varactor D261. High-port audio modulation from the synthesizer IC is applied as
VCO_MOD to varactor D262 which modulates the transmit VCO.
TRB_IN
Pin 20 Pin 19
Pin 7
NC
TX/RX/BS
Pin 13 Switching Network
NC
V_SF
3V (U201 Pin 28)
(U330 Pin 5)
This section contains detailed troubleshooting tables. These tables should be used as a guide in
determining the problem areas. They are not a substitute for knowledge of circuit operation and
astute troubleshooting techniques. It is advisable to refer to the related detailed circuit descriptions
in the theory of operation sections prior to troubleshooting a radio.
Most troubleshooting tables end up by pointing to an IC to replace. It is not always noted, but it is
good practice to verify supplies and grounds to the affected IC and to trace continuity to the
malfunctioning signal and related circuitry before replacing any IC. For instance, if a clock signal is
not available at a destination, continuity from the source IC should be checked before replacing the
source IC.
The UHF1 circuits are contained on the printed circuit board (PCB) which also contains the
Controller circuits. This Chapter shows the schematics for the UHF circuits, the Controller circuits
are contained in Section 2 of this manual. The PCB component layouts and the Parts Lists in this
Chapter show both the Controller and UHF circuit components. The UHF schematics and the
related PCB and parts list are shown in the table below.
The main PCB is a 6-layer circuit board, the copper steps are in the layer sequence shown below.
SIDE 1
LAYER 1 (L1)
LAYER 2 (L2)
LAYER 3 (L3)
LAYER 4 (L4) INNER LAYERS
LAYER 5 (L5)
LAYER 6 (L6)
SIDE 2
D301
C478
7
6 C488 5 3
C465
R480
4
C458
R414
C454
C303
J470
C513 S444
C501
25 2
C476
37 C480
R514 R513
E500
FL53
J471
R463
R469
4 3
C477
VR471
R470
R473 U451 R264 R254 4
3
FL54
R263
2
5 4
VR301
C470 R253
1 C267 C473
R483
R481
VR472
C489 C482
D262 SH250
R522
D424
C455 3 4
L471
L264 F301
D470
R471
C255
C265 L254 1
R521
C301
U480
C461
R489
C460 R261 4 Q171 5 8
C69
VR473
C268 VR475
C421
R63
C254
R443
R482
R462
Q440
R503 5 8
C263
C253
R61
R280
C282
C422
R424
3
C286
C251
Q402
C252
R281
R442
L251
D251
C430 D261
1
C281
R445 R446 C500 C404
4
2
R282 SH253
C305
C446
C431 1
R285 3
2
J301
S440
Y70
C
C306
C
32
17
Q403 21
L283
Q280
8 2
C402 C283 VR110
8
L281
R245
R247
R244
U404
C284
C407
C507
C212
U403 C91 2
C213
R243
R212
C92
37
C506 C204
1
C27 C12 C4
C30
1
C207
C7
C216 3
C524 C37
1
C505
U201
C210
7 22
16
C35
C29
C8
C400
R400
L3
C31
C48
C208
SH1
C6
C231
R431
13
C39
C2
C28 C521
C209
C418 C38 C3
Q21
C523
M140
C9
R410 R419
R24
L33 C32 L1 4
C233
C410
CR1
C214 C202
C419
L55
C230
J140
C412
C413
C219
L21
C33
C25
C10
R25 C1
R417 C218 C36 C47 C46
C201 C23 R22
R220
R221
R205
C205
R20
C99
C20
R23
Q22
C26
R21
TP405
TP402
TP401
C124
C206 R206 C52 C53
C141
C51
L120
R52
R121
C220
L121
C417 R416 R411 L51
CR51
D121
C137
U151
C121
C136
C222
Q410
R54
R51
R434
C123
C55
L52
2
2
3
L140
4
R502
3
3
D220
TP302
R433 C57
SH52
L53
R432
C56
C221 R53
C134
R120
C49 FL51 C122
D120
L131
4 6 R55 R150
Y201
R501 5
Q51
C223 C157
C93
C58 L132 L141
31
32
D221
26 6 4
1 C224
T41 C59 C159 C132
R151
Y202
2
3 L130
R162
5
4
R227 C152
C150 R152
U150
R155
C227 C228
SH100 C171
C14 C13 C90
R413 R430
R153
R90
C115
C72
C73
8
C203 R91
SH400
C211
C60
1
U401
SH40
CR41
C225
C226
R75
R158
R157
TP150
C71
R202
R111
TP2
L110
R74
C80 C156
R78
R80
TP200
C112
C153
R73
TP1
R156
R106
3 10 L100
4
C170
1
C106
76 T42
SH50
C154
51 4 6 U51
R105
C445
C440 C441
2
L101
4
Q170
3
C102
L103
29
Y51
D440
C172
28 30
C120
1
6
R72 11 20
C100
C414
C444
2 3
R103
29
L291
C285
R101
C104
C44 C45
R441
R440
C291
3
C101
R104
C105
4
R412 C416
R284
R418
R422
R276 C65
L276
C108 Q100
3
R100 R102
2
C290
C63
R423 L292
L41
C62
C442
C447
C443
R499
R277
10
R66
C411
R67 C474
R415
R475
C401 C276
R523 C292 L81
R488
C420
C41
L282
SH251
R478
C498
C475
R60
R497
R62
C490
D52
Q520
C74
U251
C512
TP301
C272 C274
C467
R474
R516 C471
D491
C511
C459
C492
C270
R271
R492
R275 U511
C304
R511 R476
C333 C331
C472
20
3
4
R519
R520 Q471 1
1
U330
C273
4
R490
R498
C519
U490 R508
C453
C334
C275 L272
R493
3 C495
R491
C499
C464
4
C452
C483
R494
1 R495
R515
C271 R479
C313
U510 C466
U310
C451
R464
TP403
Q493
5 8 C462 Q481 R507
C311
D414 J491
R486
R312
R313
C456
C457
R451
C518 4 Q494
R509
C321
E453
C497
Q312
C322
C320
C484
C481
R510 3
C323
R518
VR474
8
C312 R255 3
Q313
U320
C514 Q482
Q311 4
R320
R485
C493
5
4
R322
R311
C314
TP404
R310
UHF R1
USWB + 5V 5T 5R 3V
USWB+ 5T
USWB+ 5V 5T 5R 3V
5V 5R
USWB 5T
+
TX_EN A
TX_ENA
PWR_SET
5V 5R TX_UHF_R1
PWR_SET
DEMOD DEMOD RX_BE RX_FE_UHF_R1
CONTROLLER
BW_SEL BW_SEL IF_IN IF_OUT RX_IN RX_OUT
RX_INJ
5V 3V 5R 3V
5V 3V 5R 3V
MOD_OUT MOD_IN
PRESC PRESC
16_8_MHZ 16_8_MHZ VCO_UHF_R1 RX_INJ
SYNTH_UHF_R1 V_STEER V_STEER
SYNTH_CS SYNTH_CS
V_SF V_SF
SPI_CLK SPI_CLK
VCO_MOD VCO_MOD
SPI_DATA_OUT SPI_DATA_OUT TX_INJ
TRB TRB
LOCK LOCK
5R
FE_5R C26
R20 R21
5.6K 75
Q22 390pF
UMT1
UHF R1 Front End 1 4
SH1 SH40
2 5 SHIELD SHIELD
C20 C25 1 1
390pF 6 3 390pF
L55
C99 18nH
R23 R22
27K 5.6K 0.1uF
C523
0.55pF
C23 R24 C521
5.5% 4.2V
FE_IF_OUT
390pF 1.2K 3.3pF L52
C3 C6 C9 C11 C21 C522 IF_OUT
3.0% 680nH
IF1 C2 1.8pF C5 1.8pF C8 18pF 20pF 390pF 3
CR1 0.79V 1 2.2pF R51
RX_IN 4.5%
0 0 1% 1% 10% 51
18pF 5.6% 5.6% 3 2
C1 L1 C4 C12 L2 C7 L3 C10 R25 Q21
1% L21
15pF 9.85nH NU 10pF 9.85nH NU 9.85nH 27nH 5.6K BFS505
2% 2% 2% 13pF
1% 1.0% 1% C51
1 2 L51
150nH 82pF
C524 0.6pF
IO1
T42
IF BALUN 3 4
IO3 IO4
4 3 IO2
L41 2
FE_RF_INJ C42 L40 27nH C44 2 CR41
6 1
RX_INJ HSMS2829
10pF 27nH 5 NC
C41 C43 10pF C45 NC
1.0% 1.0% R40
15pF 30pF 22pF 1K
1% 1% 1%
1
TP1
TP2
1
5V
GND1
GND2
R61 U52-2
100K TC7W04F 3 4
IF_BAND_SEL
5V for 25kHz 6 2
BW_SE L
0V for 12.5kHz C69
D51 R63 R64 D52
0.1uF 2 39K FL54 20K 1
3 CFWC455G
3
1 1 IN OUT 2 2
C74
5V R62 R67
U52-3 47pF
SH50 SH52 3.3K 20K
TC7W04F
GND1
GND2
SHIELD SHIELD
8 3 5
NC R60
U52-4 VCC
2.4K 3 4
PWR_GND 1 1
GND FL52 C62 C63
4 FLTR
9180468V04 0.1uF 0.1uF
1 IN OU T 2
C64 C67 5V
C61 C65 C66
0.1uF 0.1uF
R72
GND
3 3
5V 1 Q70
MMBT3904
IF_5V R91
MIXOUT 20
19
18
17
16
LIMIN 14
LIM_DEC1 13
LIM_DEC2 12
LIMOUT 11
3.39V 2
5V
IFAMP_DEC1
IFAMPI N
IFAMP_DEC2
IFAMPOUT
1.6K
C56
R55 5V
0.1uF 330 R73 C70
R90 1.8K
6 15
VCC U51 GND 130pF
7 AUDIO_FEED
51 SA616 R74
9 RSSI_FEED
8 AUDIOOU T
2 RFIN_DEC
C90
3 OSCOUT
10 QUADIN
4 OSCIN
0.1uF
1 RFIN
12K 1% 1%
18pF 3.6pF 1 2
C53 NU 0.1uF
1 4 Y51
9.1pF TSS2_44_395MHZ
R81
1.1%
1K 44.395MHz R77 R78 IF_DEMOD
C82 1.5V
1 DEMOD
3 OU T IN 8.2K 680 C73
33pF 1%
R76 4700pF
L81 1% R82 GND1 GND 12K
1uH NU 4 2 1%
UHF R1 Synthesizer
FN_V_SF
4.5V
V_SF
SH200 SH201
C231 C232 C233 SHIELD SHIELD
R230 R247 LOCK: 3V
24K 22K 1000pF 0.1uF 4.7uF
UNLOCK: 0V
1 1
22
33
44
FN_LOCK
6
LOCK
PD_GND
PRE_GND
DGND
AGND
C204
NC 31 NC3 WARP 25
29 NC2 16 470pF
NC INDMULT NC
NC 17 NC1 SFOUT 28
ADAPTSW 46
42 4 NC
NC CCOMP LOCK
NC 18 REFSEL IADAPT 45 R245 3.2V to 4.5V FN_V_STEER
FN_PRESC C241 IOUT 43
32 PREI V_STEER
PRESC N 1.5K
100pF NC 27 SFBASE TEST2 38 NC TX: 3V C243 R243
C244
26 SFCAP TEST1 37 NC
C240 FN_TRB 820
39 BIAS2
U201 AUX4 3 NC RX: 0V
0.1uF .01uF
1.3pF C230 63A27 0888600M25
40 BIAS1 AUX3 2 TRB
2.2uF AUX2 1 NC
NC 21 VBPASS AUX1 48
35 NC R244
NC PVREF
VMULT4 11 51
30 NC
FN_DATA SFIN VMULT3 12 NC 1
SPI_DATA_OUT 7 DATA VMULT2 14 TP240
10 MODIN VMULT1 15
FN_VCO_MOD C245
FN_MOD 9 CEX MODOUT 41 VCO_MOD
PRE_VDD
8 19
PD_VDD
XTAL2 24
VRO
VCP
13
47
5
100K
62pF 220pF 5V 16_8_MHZ
FN_CLK 1% R202 22pF
SPI_CLK C205
150K C221
NU
C207 C208 C209 C210 C211 .01uF
Y202 3V
470pF 470pF 470pF 470pF 0.1uF 45J68 3 K3
NU 0V 4 R223
4 C222 2 K2 A3 5
A2 6 100
VCC 3V 1 K1
C206 A1
R206 3 OUT 1 C218 C219
0V .01uF D220
FN_3V VCON
L211 NU 16.8MHz 2.2uF 0.1uF
3V NU C223
390nH GND
Y201 2
C212 C213 C214 14R06 .01uF
2.2uF .01uF 1000pF 16.8MHz
Reference Oscillator 3 OUT 1 C224
IN
GND1
Crystal TCXO
GND
C203 NC 3 NC
D201 .01uF K3 A3 4
C201 220pF NU 2 K2 A2 5
2.7pF 1 K1
4 2 3.7% A1 6
C202 62pF NU
D221
C203 2.7pF NU
C206 NU 0.01uF
R202 150k 47k C228 C227 C226 C225
R227
39K 0.1uF 1000pF
R206 NU 100 10uF 10uF
D201 1SV232 NU
5V
Y201 14R06 NU FN_5V R212
Y202 NU 45J68 5V
0
C215 C216 C217
UHF R1 VCO
V_SF
VCO_VSF L270 R273 R277
4.5V
V_SF
220nH 330 0
C270 C274 C292 C285
390pF VCO_3V 0.1uF 390pF 0.1uF
L272
3V
220nH
SH250 SH251 SH253
SHIELD SHIELD SHIELD C272
0.1uF L282 R284 L292
15nH 330 15nH
18
14
1 C273 R271 R272
1 1
5.6K
VCC_LOGIC
VCC_BUFFERS
C271 .01uF 4.7K
R274 L271
33 NU C290 VCO_TX_INJ
390pF 1 TX_IADJ TX_OUT 10 TX_INJ
2 RX_IADJ RX_OUT 8
C255 3 SUPER_FLTR 6.8pF
C253 C291
L252 5.6pF 4 COLL_RFIN L291
5 RX_BASE 6.8nH
6 7 13pF
27nH RX_EMITTER RX_SWITCH NC
6.2pF 1.8% 16 TX_BASE TX_SWITCH 13
C254 C256 NC
D251 1.6% L254 15 TX_EMITTER
12.5nH 3.6pF 20 FLIP_IN 12
7.5pF 19 PRESC_OU T
1.3% 2% 2.8% R253 TRB_IN
VCO_5R
11 GND_BUFFERS
L281
33 5R
U251
17 GND_LOGIC
C257 33nH
9 GND_FLAG
L265
1SV229 220nH
RX: 0V
TX: 3V
VCO_TRB R275
TRB
100 C275
390pF
PA_USWB+
UHF R1 Tx
USWB+
PA_TX_ENA Q171
TX_ENA C170
4 5 6
390pF
Q170
EMB10
3 2 1
C525
0.1uF 390pF
R152
R121
150
100K
R158 R159 C151 R153 1%
100K U151
5.1K 0 390pF 1%
U150-2 C150
C156 3 LM2904 57R01 C121
Q150 8 6
1 7 390pF 390pF
R154 R151 L120
.01uF 5
4 220nH
R157 2 100K 39
8 2 1%
TP150 1 C152 R155 R150
1 3 2.2K 100K 0.1
C159 R156 C153 390pF 1%
U150-1 4
J140
LM2904 330
390pF 0.47uF C137
4 S1
PA_PWR_SET 220pF
R162 3 S2
PWR_SET
10K 2 G1
C158 5 G2
1 2 3
C103 VG G VDD D120
L101 C102 C106 C117 MA4PH261 C124 PA_RX_OU T
L103 1 U110 L121
220nH 4
390pF RFIN RFOUT RX_OUT
30nH 18nH
0.1uF 390pF RA07M4047M_UHF 390pF 220pF
C105 C107 C122 C123
R105 GND D121
2.7K 1 Q100 1pF 3pF 9.1pF 5.6pF
PA_TX_INJ C100 BFG540W 5 BAR63-02W
R101 L102 4880973Z02
2
TX_IN J 4
5.6 8.7nH
390pF
R100 R102 C104 R103 C120
3
820 820 3K
10pF NU
C101 C108
R104
18 0.1uF 390pF
3.0 UHF1 PCB 8486635Z03-O Circuit Motorola Circuit Motorola Circuit Motorola
Parts List Description Description Description
Ref Part No. Ref Part No. Ref Part No.
Circuit Motorola C47 Not_Placed CAP, 10pF C107 2113743N13 CAP, 3pF C210 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF
Description
Ref Part No. C48 0662057M01 RES, 0 C108 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C211 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C1 2109445U37 CAP, 15pF C49 Not_Placed CAP, 3.9pF C109 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C212 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF
C2 2109445U39 CAP, 18pF C51 2113743N48 CAP, 82pF C111 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C213 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C3 2109445U09 CAP, 1.8pF C52 2109445U39 CAP, 18pF C112 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C214 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C4 Not_Placed CAP, 20pF C53 2109445U26 CAP, 9.1pF C113 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C215 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF
C5 0662057M01 RES, 0 C55 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C114 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C216 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C6 2109445U09 CAP, 1.8pF C56 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C115 2311049A07 CAPP, 1uF C217 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C7 Not_Placed CAP, 22pF C57 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C116 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C218 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF
C8 0662057M01 RES, 0 C58 2113743N16 CAP, 3.9pF C117 2113740F65 CAP, 390pF C219 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C9 2109445U39 CAP, 18pF C59 2113743N12 CAP, 2.7pF C120 Not_Placed CAP, 8.2pF C220 2113743N34 CAP, 22pF
C10 2109445U36 CAP, 13pF C60 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C121 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C221 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C11 2109445U40 CAP, 20pF C61 2113743N46 CAP, 68pF C122 2113740F26 CAP, 9.1pF C222 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C12 2109445U27 CAP, 10pF C62 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C123 2113740F21 CAP, 5.6pF C223 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C13 2109445U12 CAP, 2.4pF C63 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C124 2113740F59 CAP, 220pF C224 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C14 2109445U12 CAP, 2.4pF C64 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C132 2113740F27 CAP, 10pF C225 2311049A57 CAPP, 10uF
C20 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C65 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C134 2113740F25 CAP, 8.2pF C226 2311049A57 CAPP, 10uF
C21 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C66 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C136 2113740F18 CAP, 4.3pF C227 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C23 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C67 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C137 2113740F59 CAP, 220pF C228 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C25 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C68 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C141 Not_Placed CAP, 8.2pF C230 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF
C26 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C69 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C150 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C231 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C27 2109445U26 CAP, 9.1pF C70 2113743N53 CAP, 130pF C151 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C232 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C28 2109445U37 CAP, 15pF C71 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C152 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C233 2311049A56 CAPP, 4.7uF
C29 2109445U25 CAP, 8.2pF C72 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C153 2113743K18 CAP, 0.47uF C240 2113743N06 CAP, 1.3pF
C30 2109445U41 CAP, 22pF C73 2113743L33 CAP, 4700pF C154 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C241 2113743N50 CAP, 100pF
C31 2109445U26 CAP, 9.1pF C74 2113743N42 CAP, 47pF C156 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF C243 0886641Z01 CAP, 0.1uF
C32 2109445U24 CAP, 7.5pF C80 2109445U41 CAP, 22pF C157 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C244 0888600M25 CAP, .01uF
C33 2109445U39 CAP, 18pF C81 2109445U45 CAP, 33pF C158 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C245 2311049A08 CAPP, 1uF
C34 2109445U22 CAP, 6.2pF C82 2109445U45 CAP, 33pF C159 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C251 0888600M03 CAP, 150pF
C35 2109445U35 CAP, 12pF C90 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C170 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C252 Not_Placed CAP, 390pF
C36 2109445U38 CAP, 16pF C91 2311049A57 CAPP, 10uF C171 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C253 2109445U22 CAP, 6.2pF
C37 2109445U22 CAP, 6.2pF C92 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C172 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C254 2109445U24 CAP, 7.5pF
C38 2109445U38 CAP, 16pF C93 Not_Placed CAP, 3.6pF C201 2113740F59 CAP, 220pF C255 2109445U21 CAP, 5.6pF
C39 2109445U35 CAP, 12pF C99 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C202 2109445U52 CAP, 62pF C256 2109445U16 CAP, 3.6pF
C41 2109445U37 CAP, 15pF C100 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C203 2109445U13 CAP, 2.7pF C257 2109445U27 CAP, 10pF
C42 2109445U27 CAP, 10pF C101 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C204 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF C263 2109445U29 CAP, 5pF
C43 2109445U44 CAP, 30pF C102 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C205 Not_Placed CAP, 2.7pF C264 2109445U15 CAP, 3.3pF
C44 2109445U27 CAP, 10pF C103 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C206 Not_Placed CAP, 1000pF C265 2109445U15 CAP, 3.3pF
C45 2109445U41 CAP, 22pF C104 2113743N26 CAP, 10pF C207 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF C266 2109445U15 CAP, 3.3pF
C46 Not_Placed CAP, 10pF C105 2113740F03 CAP, 1pF C208 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF C267 2109445U23 CAP, 6.8pF
C106 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C209 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF C268 2109445U01 CAP, 0.5pF
UHF2 (438-470MHz)
Service Information
Table of Contents
Item Description
General UHF2
Dimensions with:
High Capacity Li-Ion battery 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 45mm D
NiMH FM, battery 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 45mm D
NiMH Std battery 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 43mm D
Slim Li-Ion battery: 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 42mm D
Transmitter
Specifications UHF2
RF Output Low High
NiMH @ 7.5V: 1W 4W
Frequency: 438-470 MHz
Channel Spacing: 12.5/20/25 kHz
Freq. Stability: 0.00025%
(-30°C to +60°C)
Spurs/Harmonics: -36 dBm < 1 GHz
-30 dBm > 1 GHz
Audio Response: +1, -3 dB
(from 6 dB/oct. Pre-emphasis, 300 to 3000Hz)
Audio Distortion:@ 1000 Hz, 60% Rated Max. Dev. <3%
FM Noise: -40 dB (12.5 kHz)
-45 dB (25 kHz)
Receiver
UHF2 UHF2
Specifications
12.5 kHz 20/25kHz
Frequency: 438-470 MHz
Sensitivity 12dB EIA SINAD: 0.25 µV (typical)
Adjacent Channel Selectivity: -60 dB -70 dB
Intermodulation: -70 dB
Freq. Stability (-30°C to +60°C): 0.00025%
Spur Rejection: -75 dB
Image and 1/2 I-F Rejection: -70 dB
Audio Output @ <5% Distortion: 500 mW
1.0 Introduction
This Chapter provides a detailed theory of operation for the UHF circuits in the radio. Schematic
diagrams and board layout diagrams are included in Chapter 4 in this Section of the manual.
■ Front End
■ Back End
Inj Filter
First LO
BW_SEL
from Synthesizer 6G 6E
Cer Fltr
Ceramic Switching 4E
Resonator
RSSI 12.5kHzFilter
Incoming RF signals from the antenna are first routed through the harmonic filter and antenna
switch, part of the transmitter circuitry, before being applied to the receiver front end. The receiver
front end consists of a preselector filter, RF amplifier, an interstage filter, and a double-balanced first
mixer.
The preselector filter is a fixed-tuned 3-pole Butterworth design using discrete elements (L1-L3, C1-
C10, C12 and C523) in a shunt-resonator configuration. It has a 3 dB bandwidth of 68 MHz
centered at 460 MHz, an insertion loss of 2 dB and image attenuation of 35 dB at 380 MHz. Diode
CR1 protects the RF amplifier by limiting excessive RF levels. The filter bandwidth is considerably
wider than the receive band, to achieve low insertion loss in a compact size. C523 provides a
transmission-zero to improve image attenuation.
The output of the filter is matched to the base of RF amplifier Q21, which provides 18 dB of gain and
a noise figure of 4 dB. A BFS505 device is used for high gain, low noise figure and reduced
operating current. Operating voltage is obtained from the 5R source, which is turned off during
transmit to reduce dissipation in Q21. Current mirror Q22 maintains the operating current of Q21
constant at 8 mA regardless of device and temperature variations, for optimum dynamic range and
noise figure.
The output of the RF amplifier is applied to the interstage filter, a fixed-tuned 4-pole Butterworth
shunt-coupled resonator design having a 3 dB bandwidth of 68 MHz centered at 462 MHz, and
insertion loss of 3 dB. This filter yields an image rejection of 48 dB at 380 MHz, assisted by a
transmission-zero at 300 MHz implemented by C524 for the reasons mentioned above.
The output of the interstage filter is connected to the passive double-balanced mixer consisting of
components T41, T42, and CR41. This mixer has a conversion loss of 7.2 dB. Low-side injection
from the frequency synthesizer is filtered by L40-L41 and C41-C45 to remove second harmonic
energy that may degrade half-IF spurious rejection performance. The injection filter has a 3 dB
bandwidth of 100 MHz centered at 408 MHz, and an insertion loss of 2 dB. The second-harmonic
rejection is typically 40 dB or greater. The filtered injection signal is applied to T42 at a level of +6
dBm.
The mixer output is applied to a diplexer network (L51-L52, C51, R51) which matches the 44.85
MHz IF signal to crystal filter FL51, and terminates the mixer into 50Ω at all other frequencies.
The receiver back end is a dual conversion design. High IF selectivity is provided by FL51, a 4-pole
fundamental mode 44.85 MHz crystal filter with a minimum 3 dB bandwidth of ±6.7 kHz, a maximum
20 dB bandwidth of + 12.5 kHz, and a maximum insertion loss of 3.5 dB. The output is matched to IF
amplifier stage Q51 by L53 and C93. Q51 provides 16 dB of gain and a noise figure of 1.8 dB. The
dc operating current is 1 mA. The output of Q51 is applied to the input of the receiver IFIC U51.
Diode CR51 limits the maximum RF level applied to the IFIC.
Additional IF selectivity is provided by two ceramic filters, FL52 (between the second mixer and IF
amp) and FL53 or FL54 (between the IF amp and the limiter input). The wider filter FL53 is used for
20/25 kHz channel spacing, and the narrower filter FL54 is used for 12.5 kHz channels. When the
BW_SEL line is high, the two upper diodes in packages D51 and D52 are forward biased, selecting
FL53 for 20/25 kHz channels. When the BW_SEL line is low, the two lower diodes in packages D51
and D52 are forward biased, selecting FL54 for 12.5 kHz channels.
Ceramic resonator Y70 provides phase vs. frequency characteristic required by the quadrature
detector, with 90 degree phase shift occurring at 455 kHz. Buffer Q70 provides a lower driving
impedance from the limiter to the resonator, improving the IF waveform and lowering the distortion
of the recovered audio signal. The recovered audio level at the DEMOD output is 100 mV rms (25
kHz channel, 3 kHz deviation) or 50 mV rms (12.5 kHz channel, 1.5 kHz deviation). An additional
RSSI output provides a DC voltage level that is proportional to RF signal level. This voltage is
measured by an A/D converter contained in the microprocessor (PE4_AN4, U401 pin 63).
■ Power Amplifier
■ Harmonic Filter
■ Antenna Matching Network
■ Power Control.
USWB+
TX_ENA
Power Control
PWR_SET
VGG VDD
5T
Antenna
Antenna
RX_IN Switch Antenna
(To Receiver) Matching
Network
The transmitter power amplifier has three stages of amplification. The first stage, Q100, operates in
Class A from the 5T source. It provides 17 dB of gain and an output of 50 mW. The current drain is
typically 30mA. Components C105 and L103 match the output of Q100 to the 50Ω input of the
module U110.
U110 is a two stage Silicon MOS FET power amplifier module. Drain voltage is obtained from
UNSW B+ after being routed through current-sense resistor R150 in the power control circuit. The
output power of the module is controlled by varying the DC gate bias on U110 pin 2 (VGG).
The antenna switch consists of two pin diodes, D120 and D121. In the receive mode, both diodes
are off. Signals applied at the antenna or at jack J140 are routed, via the harmonic filter, through
network C122-C124 and L121, to the receiver input. In the transmit mode, Q170 is on and TXB+ is
present, forward-biasing both diodes into conduction. The diode current is 20 mA, set by R120-
R121. The transmitter RF from U110 is routed through D120, and via the harmonic filter to the
antenna jack. D121 conducts, shunting RF power and preventing it from reaching the receiver. L121
is selected to appear as a 1/4 wave at UHF, so that the low impedance of D121 appears as a high
impedance at the junction of D120 and the harmonic filter input. This provides a high series
impedance and low shunt impedance divider between the power amplifier output and receiver input.
The harmonic filter consists of components C130-C136 and L130-L132. The harmonic filter is a
seven-pole Chebychev low-pass configuration, optimized for low insertion loss, with a 3 dB
frequency of approximately 600 MHz and typically less than 0.8 dB insertion loss in the passband.
The harmonic filter presents a 50Ω impedance to antenna jack J140. A matching network, made up
of C140-C141 and L140, is used to match the antenna impedance to the harmonic filter. This
optimizes the performance of the transmitter and receiver into the impedance presented by the
antenna, significantly improving the antenna's efficiency.
The power control circuit is a dc-coupled amplifier whose output is the dc gate bias voltage (VGG)
applied to the two stages of the RF power amplifier U110.
The output power of the transmitter is adjusted by varying the setting of the power-set DAC
contained in the ASFICcmp IC (DACG, U451 pin 6). This PWR_SET voltage is applied to
U150 pin 3.
Stage U150-2 compares the voltage drop across current sense resistor R150 to the voltage drop
across resistor R151 caused by current flow through Q150, and adjusts its output (pin 7) to maintain
equal voltages at pins 5 and 6. Thus the current flow through Q150, and hence its emitter voltage, is
proportional to the current drawn by stage U110, which is in turn proportional to the transmitter
output power. The emitter voltage of Q150 is applied to U150 pin 2, where it is compared to the
power set voltage PWR_SET at pin 3.
The output of U150 pin 1 is divided by R110 and R111 and applied as a gate voltage to the power
amplifier U110. By varying this gate voltage as needed to keep the voltages at U150 pins 2 and 3
equal, power is maintained at the desired setting. Excessive final current, for example due to
antenna mismatch, causes a lowering of the voltage at U150 pin 6, an increased voltage at pin 2,
and a lowering of the voltage at pin 1 and of the gate voltage VGG. This prevents damage to the final
stage due to excessive current.
The Fractional-N synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3V provided by U310 and U330
respectively. 5V is applied to U201 pins 13 and 30, and 3V is applied to pins 5, 20, 34 and 36. The
synthesizer in turn generates a super-filtered 4.5V supply (VSF, from pin 28) to power U251. In
addition to the VCO, the synthesizer also interfaces with the logic and ASFICcmp circuits.
Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the microprocessor SPI_DATA_OUT,
SPI_CLK, and SYNTH_CS (chip select) lines (U409 pins 100, 1 and 47 respectively). A logic high
(3V) from U201 pin 4 indicates to the microprocessor that the synthesizer is locked.
Voltage Buffer
Multiplier Q280
TRB Rx Out
VCP To Mixer
Vmult1
Aux3 Rx VCO
Circuit VCOBIC
Vmult2 Synthesizer U251
U201 Loop
Filter Tx Out
16.8 MHz To PA Driver
Ref. Osc. Tx VCO
MOD Out
Modulating Circuit
Signal
Transmit modulation from the ASFICcmp (U451 pin 40) is applied to U201 pin 10 (MOD_IN). An
electronic attenuator in the ASFICcmp adjusts overall transmitter deviation by varying the audio
level applied to the synthesizer IC. Internally the audio is digitized by the Fractional-N synthesizer
and applied to the loop divider to provide the low-port modulation. The audio is also routed through
an internal attenuator for the purpose of balancing the low port and high port modulation and
reducing the deviation by 6 dB for 12.5 kHz channels, and is available at U201 pin 41 (VCO_MOD).
This audio signal is routed to the VCO's modulator.
The Fractional-N synthesizer, shown in Figure 2-4, uses a 16.8 MHz crystal (Y201) to provide the
reference frequency for the system. External components C201-C203, R202 and D201 are also part
of the temperature-compensated oscillator circuit. The dc voltage applied to varactor D201 from
U201 pin 25 is determined by a temperature-compensation algorithm within U201, and is specific to
each crystal Y201, based on a unique code assigned to the crystal that identifies its temperature
characteristics. Stability is better than 2.5 ppm over temperatures of -30 to 60°C. Software-
programmable electronic frequency adjustment is achieved by an internal DAC which provides a
frequency adjustment voltage from U201 pin 25 to varactor D201.
The synthesizer IC U201 further divides the 16.8 MHz signal to 2.1 MHz, 2.225 MHz, or 2.4 MHz for
use as reference frequencies. It also provides a buffered 16.8 MHz signal at U201 pin 19 for use by
the ASFICcmp.
To achieve fast locking of the synthesizer, an internal adapt charge pump provides higher current at
U201 pin 45 to quickly force the synthesizer within lock range. The required frequency is then locked
by the normal mode charge pump at pin 43. A loop filter (C243-C245 and R243-R245) removes
noise and spurs from the steering voltage applied to the VCO varactors, with additional filtering
located in the VCO circuit.
Both the normal and adapt charge pumps get their supply from the capacitive voltage multiplier
made up of C221-C224 and D220-D221. Two 3V square waves from U201 pins 14-15 provide the
drive signals for the voltage multiplier, which generates 12.1V at U201 pin 47. This voltage is filtered
by C225-C228.
One of the auxiliary outputs of the synthesizer IC (AUX3, U201 pin 2) provides the TRB signal which
determines the operating mode of the VCO, either receive or transmit.
7 4
DATA (U401 Pin 100) DATA LOCK LOCK (U401 Pin 56)
8 19
CLOCK (U401 Pin 1) CLK FREFOUT FREF (U451 Pin 34)
9 6,22,23,24
SYNTH_CS (U401 Pin 47) CEX GND
10 43
MOD IN (U451 Pin 40) MODIN IOUT 2-Pole Steering
13,30 45 Loop Filter Line
+5V (U310 Pin 5) VCC , 5V IADAPT
5,20,34,36 U201 41 LO RF
+3V (U330 Pin 5) VDD , 3V Low Voltage MODOUT Injection
23 Fractional-N VCO
Reference XTAL1 Mod
Synthesizer
Oscillator 2 TRB Voltage
AUX3
Controlled
25 28 Filtered 5V
WARP SFOUT Oscillator
32 40
PREIN BIAS1
47 39 TX RF
VCP BIAS2
VMULT2 VMULT1 Injection
(First Stage of PA)
14 15
Voltage
Multiplier
Prescaler In
The VCOBIC (U251), shown in Figure 2-5, in conjunction with the Fractional-N synthesizer (U201)
generates RF in both the receive and the transmit modes of operation. The TRB line (U251 pin 19)
determines which oscillator and buffer are enabled. A sample of the RF signal from the enabled
oscillator is routed from U251 pin 12 through a low pass filter, to the prescaler input of the
synthesizer IC (U201 pin 32). After frequency comparison in the synthesizer, a resultant DC control
voltage is used to steer the VCO frequency. When the PLL is locked on frequency, this voltage can
vary between 3.5V and 10V. L251 and C252 further attenuate noise and spurs on the steering line
voltage.
In the receive mode, the TRB line (U251 pin 19) is low. This activates the receive VCO and the
receive buffer of U251, which operate within the range of 393.15 to 425.15 MHz. The VCO
frequency is determined by tank inductor L254, C253-C257, and varactor D251. The buffered RF
signal at U251 pin 8 is further amplified by Q280 and applied as RX_INJ to the low-pass injection
filter in the receiver front end circuit.
In the transmit mode, U251-19 is driven high by U201 pin 2, enabling the transmit VCO and buffer.
The 438-470 MHz RF signal from U251 pin 10 is applied as TX_INJ to the input of the transmitter
circuit via matching network C290-C291 and L291. TX VCO frequency is determined by L264,
C263-C267, and varactor D261. High-port audio modulation from the synthesizer IC is applied as
VCO_MOD to varactor D262 which modulates the transmit VCO.
TRB_IN
Pin 20 Pin 19
Pin 7
NC
TX/RX/BS
Pin 13 Switching Network
NC
V_SF
3V (U201 Pin 28)
(U330 Pin 5)
This section contains detailed troubleshooting tables. These tables should be used as a guide in
determining the problem areas. They are not a substitute for knowledge of circuit operation and
astute troubleshooting techniques. It is advisable to refer to the related detailed circuit descriptions
in the theory of operation sections prior to troubleshooting a radio.
Most troubleshooting tables end up by pointing to an IC to replace. It is not always noted, but it is
good practice to verify supplies and grounds to the affected IC and to trace continuity to the
malfunctioning signal and related circuitry before replacing any IC. For instance, if a clock signal is
not available at a destination, continuity from the source IC should be checked before replacing the
source IC.
The UHF circuits are contained on the printed circuit board (PCB) which also contains the Controller
circuits. This Chapter shows the schematics for the UHF circuits, the Controller circuits are
contained in Section 2 of this manual. The PCB component layouts and the Parts Lists in this
Chapter show both the Controller and UHF circuit components. The UHF schematics and the
related PCB and parts list are shown in the table below.
The main PCB is a 6-layer circuit board, the copper steps are in the layer sequence shown below.
SIDE 1
LAYER 1 (L1)
LAYER 2 (L2)
LAYER 3 (L3)
LAYER 4 (L4) INNER LAYERS
LAYER 5 (L5)
LAYER 6 (L6)
SIDE 2
D301
C478
7
6 C488 5 3
C465 C458
R480
4
R414
C303
C454
J470
C513 S444
C501
25 2
C476
37 C480
R514 R513
E500
FL53
J471
R469
4 3
R463
VR471
R470
R473 U451 R264 4
C477
R254
3
FL54
R263
2
5 4
VR301
C470 R253
1 C267 C257 C473
R483
C256 R481
VR472
13 2 2
C302
C266
R472 C489
D471
C482
R522
D262 SH250
D424
3 4
L471
L264 F301
D470
R471 C455
C255
C265 L254 1
R521
C301
U480
C461
R489
R261 4
C69
VR473
VR475
C421
C264 C254
R63
R443
R482
5
4
Q440
R503 5 8
C422
C253
C263 D261
C282
R280
R424
3
C286
Q402
C251
R281
R442
L251
8
C281
4
2
R445 R446 C500
C305
C446
R282 1
3
R285
2
J301
SH253
S440
Y70
C306
C
C
32
17
Q403 21
L283
8
Q280
2
C402 VR110
8
C283
R245
L281
R244
R243
R247
U404
C284
C212
C407
2
C507
R212
C92
C408
C409
C204
37
C506
1
C241
SH201
C7
C207
C216 3
C524 C37
1
U201
7 22
16
C35
C8
C400
R400
C29
L3
C208
C6
C433
C31
C48
R504 C522 C5 C117
25
C39
R431
C231
13
C2
C209
M140
C9
Q21
C410
CR1
C230
J140
C413
C219
C412
L21
C46
C33
C25
C10
C205
R20
C26
C20
R23
Q22
C99
R21
TP402
TP405
TP401
C121 C124
C206 R206 C52 C53
C141
C51
L120
R52 D121
R121
C417 R416 R411 C220 L51 C136
C137
CR51
U151
C130
L121
Q410
C222
R51
C55 C134
L52
C123
2
2
3
R434 L140
4
R502
3
3
D220
TP302
SH52
R432 C135
C56
R53
R54
C221 C49
R120
FL51
D120
L53
C132
4 6 R55
L131
R150
Y201
R501
C133
5
Q51
C223 C58
C93
L132 L141
31
32
C131
D221
26 6 4
1 C224 C157 C158
T41 C59
R151
Y202
2
SH200 R154
4
3 L130
R162
5
4
R227 C152
C150 R152
R155
U150
C228
C227 C14 C13 C90
SH100
R413 R430
R153
R90
C115
C72
C73 R78
C203
8
C211 R91
C60
SH400
1
U401
SH40
CR41 C173
C225
C226
C151
R75
J460
R158 R110
R157
C111
TP150
C71 R77
R202
C155
TP2
R111
L110
R74
C80 C156
R246 C70 R57 Q150 C159 C114
C81
R80
TP240
R156
C153
TP200
C106
TP1
C109
R106
3 10 L100
4
C171 C107
C170 C172
Q70
T42 1
76 C103
C154
SH50
R105
51 4 6 U51 C102
C445
C440 C441
2
L101
Q170
4
3
L103
29
Y51
D440
Q100
28 30
C120
1
6
R72 11 20
R101 C100
C414
C444
C285
2 3
R103
29
L291
C44 C45
R440
R441
3
C104
C101
C291
C105
R104
4
C108
R418
R412 C416
R422
R284
C65
L276
C290 L292
L41
R423
C63
C62
C442
C443
C447
C68 C67
C43
10
R66 R67
C411
C474
R415
SH251
C479
D52
L40
R273
C475
R475
C498
R478
R62
R497
R60
R488
C490
Q520
C74
C512
U251
TP301
C274
C467
C272
R474
R516 R511 C471
U511 4
D491
C511
R271
R492
C453
C459
C492
C270
C333
R275
C304
3
R519
R520 Q471 1
1
U330
4 Q490
R490
2
R272
R498
C519
C61 U490
C334
L270
C275 R274
C331
R493
3 C495
R491
C464
C483
R494
1 R495
R460
C271
C313
Q493
Q481
R486
5 8 C462 C466 R507
C311
R509
R321
D414
C481
J491
R312
R313
C457
C456
C322
C323
R484
R451
4 Q494
E453
Q312
C484 R510 3
VR474
R518
C312 R255 3
U320
C514 Q482
Q311 4
R485
R320
C493
5
4
R322
R311
TP404
C316
R310
C314
C315 C494
R506
UHF R2
USWB+ 5V 5T 5R 3V
USWB+ 5T
USWB+ 5V 5T 5R 3V
5V 5R
USWB+ 5T
TX_ENA
TX_ENA
PWR_SET 5V
5R
TX_UHF_R2
PWR_SET
DEMOD DEMOD
RX_BE RX_FE_UHF_R2
BW_SEL BW_SEL IF_IN IF_OUT RX_IN RX_OUT
RX_INJ
5V 3V 5R 3V
5V 3V 5R 3V
MOD_OUT MOD_IN
PRESC PRESC
16_8_MHZ 16_8_MHZ RX_INJ
SYNTH_UHF_R2 V_STEER V_STEER
SYNTH_CS SYNTH_CS VCO_UHF_R2
V_SF V_SF
SPI_CLK SPI_CLK
VCO_MOD VCO_MOD
SPI_DATA_OUT SPI_DATA_OUT TX_INJ
TRB TRB
LOCK LOCK
FE_5R
5R
SH1 SH40
2 Q22 5 SHIELD SHIELD
UMT1
C20
1 1
390pF 6 3 C25
390pF
L55
22nH
R22 C99
R23
5.6K
27K 0.1uF
C524
0.5pF
IO1
3 4
IO3 IO4
T42
4 IF BALUN 3
IO2
2
FE_RF_IN J C42 C44 2
L40 L41 1
6
RX_INJ
27nH 27nH
16pF 8.2pF 5
C41 C43 C45 NC NC
R40
1K
7.5pF 20pF 16pF
1
TP1
TP2
1
5V
GND1
GND2
R61 U52-2
100K TC7W04F 3 4
IF_BAND_SEL
5V for 25kHz 6 2
BW_SE L
0V for 12.5kHz C69
D51 R63 R64 D52
0.1uF 2 39K FL54 20K 1
3 CFWC455G
3
1 1 IN OUT 2 2
C74
5V R62 R67
U52-3 47pF
SH50 SH52 3.3K 20K
TC7W04F
GND1
GND2
SHIELD SHIELD
8 3 5
NC R60
U52-4 VCC
2.4K 3 4
PWR_GND 1 1
GND FL52 C62 C63
4 FLTR
9180468V04 0.1uF 0.1uF
1 IN OU T 2
C64 C67 5V
C61 C65 C66
0.1uF 0.1uF
R72
GND
3 3
5V 1 Q70
MMBT3904
IF_5V R91
MIXOUT 20
19
18
17
16
LIMIN 14
LIM_DEC1 13
LIM_DEC2 12
LIMOUT 11
3.39V 2
5V
IFAMP_DEC1
IFAMPI N
IFAMP_DEC2
IFAMPOUT
1.6K
C56
R55 5V
0.1uF 330 R73 C70
R90 1.8K
6 15
VCC U51 GND 130pF
7 AUDIO_FEED
51 SA616 R74
9 RSSI_FEED
8 AUDIOOU T
2 RFIN_DEC
C90
3 OSCOUT
10 QUADIN
4 OSCIN
0.1uF
1 RFIN
12K 1% 1%
18pF 3.6pF 1 2
C53 NU 0.1uF
1 4 Y51
9.1pF TSS2_44_395MHZ
R81
1.1%
1K 44.395MHz R77 R78 IF_DEMOD
C82 1.5V
1 DEMOD
3 OU T IN 8.2K 680 C73
33pF 1%
R76 4700pF
L81 1% R82 GND1 GND 12K
1uH NU 4 2 1%
LOCK
PRE_GND
AGND
PD_GND
DGND
31 25 C204 LOCK: 3V
NC NC3 WARP
29 INDMULT 16 NC UNLOCK: 0V
NC NC2
17 SFOUT 28 470pF
NC NC1
ADAPTSW 46 NC
42 LOCK 4
NC CCOMP
18 IADAPT 45 R245 FN_V_STEER
NC REFSEL
FN_PRESC C241 43 3.2V to 4.5V
IOUT V_STEER
32 PREIN
PRESC TP200 1.5K
27 TEST2 38 NC R246
100pF NC SFBASE 1 C243 C244
26 TEST1 37 NC R243
C240 SFCAP
100K 0.1uF 820 .01uF
1.3pF 39 BIAS2 AUX4 3 NC FN_TRB
C230 PT08MTPB49
40 BIAS1 AUX3 2
TR B
1 NC R202
2.2uF
21
U201 AUX2
48 TX: 3V
NC VBPASS AUX1 NC 150K
35 63A 27 RX: 0V R244
NC PVREF
VMULT4 11 NC 51
FN_DATA 30 VMULT3 12 NC
SFIN 1
7 VMULT2 14
SPI_DATA_OUT DATA TP240
10 VMULT1 15
MODIN
C245
FN_MOD 9 CEX MODOUT 41 VCO_MOD
8 CLK FREFOUT 19
PRE_VDD
XTAL2 24
DVDD
AVDD
5V
VRO
VCP
R205 R220
FN_SYNTH_CS XTAL1 23 100 91
R221
C202 C201 91
SYNTH_CS
Y202 C220
34
20
36
13
47
FN_16_8
5
C211 45J68
62pF 220pF 16_8_MHZ
FN_CLK 1% NU
0.1uF 4 22pF
SPI_CL K C205
VCC C221
C206 R206
3 OU T VCON 1 NU
C207 C208 C209 C210 .01uF
Reference Oscillator NU 16.8MHz
NU
Crystal TCXO 470pF 470pF 470pF 470pF GND
Y201
3 K3 A3 4
2 C222 2 K2 5
C201 220pF NU 14R06 3V A2
1 6
K1 A1
16.8MHz 0V .01uF
C202 62pF NU
3 1 C223 D220
FN_3V OUT IN 3V
C203 2.7pF NU L211
3V D201 0V .01uF
C206 NU 0.01uF 390nH GND1 GND C203
C212 C213 C214 4 C224
2 2.7pF
R202 150k 47k
2.2uF .01uF 1000pF 3.7% .01uF
R206 NU 100
NC 3 4 NC
K3 A3
2 K2 A2 5
D201 1SV232 NU 1 K1 6
A1
R227 C228 C227 C226 C225
Y201 14R06 NU D221
NU
0.1uF 1000pF 10uF 10uF
Y202 NU 45J68
5V
FN_5V R212 R223
5V
0 100
C215 C216 C217 C218 C219
UHF R2 VCO
V_SF
VCO_VSF L270 R273 R277
4.5V
V_S F
220nH
C274 330 C292 0
C270 C285
L282 R284
0.1uF 390pF
390pF VCO_3V 15nH 330 0.1uF
L272
220nH 3V
SH250 SH251 SH253
SHIELD SHIELD SHIELD C272
0.1uF L292
15nH
1 1 1
18
14
C273 R271 R272
5.1K 5.6K
VCC_LOGIC
VCC_BUFFERS
C271 .01uF
R274 L271
33 NU C290 VCO_TX_INJ
390pF
1 TX_IADJ 10
TX_OUT TX_IN J
2 RX_IADJ RX_OUT 8
C253 C255 3 6.8pF
5.6pF 4
SUPER_FLTR RX_SWITCH 7 NC C291
6.2pF
L252
5
COLL_RFIN TX_SWITCH 13 NC L291
6
RX_BASE U251 6.8nH 18pF
27nH RX_EMITTER 4 50U5
1.6% 0.1% 16
C254 C256 TX_BASE
11 GND_BUFFERS
L254 15
D251 TX_EMITTER
12.5nH 3.9pF 20
5.1pF
9 GND_FLAG
FLIP_IN
17 GND_LOGI
C
2% 2% 19
2.5% R253 TRB_IN
12 VCO_5R L281
PRESC_OUT
33 5R
C257 27nH
VCO_V_STEER L251 R254
100 C284 R281
V_STEE R 12pF 8.2K
3.2V to 9.5V 220nH 1% 390pF
C251 C252 R282
C281 910 C282 VCO_RX_INJ
L255
150pF NU 220nH RX_INJ
3.3pF
C286 390pF 3
R285
1
6.2pF 0
C263 Q280 2
4.7pF C265 BFS540
L262
C283
27nH L283 R280
R283
2.1% 3.3pF NU 4.7K
C264 150 390pF
L264 3.0%
D261 C266
12.5nH
2pF
2%
5% C268 2.4pF
V_SF 0.1%
0.5pF R263
V_SF
33
C267 R276 L276 VCO_PRESC
R262 R264
6.8K PRESC
7.5pF 100 1K 27nH
VCO_MOD R261 1.3%
VCO_MOD C276
22K
D262 L265 6.8pF
220nH
1SV229
VCO_TRB R275
TR B
100 C275
RX: 0V
TX: 3V 390pF
PA_USWB+ UHF R2 Tx
USWB+
PA_TX_EN A
TX_ENA C170
4 5 6
390pF
Q171
Q170
EMB10
3 2 1
C171
SH100 390pF
SHIELD
C157 C154
R152
0.1uF 390pF
1
100K 1%
R158 C155 C151 R153
100K U151
1.5K 0.1uF 390pF C150 1%
C156 390pF 57R01
3 8 6
Q150 1 7
R154 R151
.01uF 5
2 4
8 2
R157 100K 1% 39
1 1 U150-2 C152 R155 R150
TP150 2.2K LM2904 100K
3 0.1
C159 C153 390pF C172
U150-1 4 R156 1%
LM2904 330 R120
390pF 0.47uF 390pF
150
PA_PWR_SET R162
PWR_SET
10K
R121
C158
150
390pF
3.0 UHF2 PCB 8486348Z13-C Circuit Motorola Circuit Motorola Circuit Motorola
Parts List Description Description Description
Ref Part No. Ref Part No. Ref Part No.
Circuit Motorola C47 Not_Placed CAP, 10pF C107 Not_Placed CAP, 27pF C204 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF
Description
Ref Part No. C48 0662057M01 RES, 0 C108 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C205 Not_Placed CAP, 2.7pF
C1 2109445U36 CAP, 13pF C49 Not_Placed CAP, 3.9pF C109 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C206 Not_Placed CAP, 1000pF
C2 2109445U37 CAP, 15pF C51 2113743N48 CAP, 82pF C111 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C207 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF
C3 2109445U07 CAP, 1.5pF C52 2113743N28 CAP, 12pF C112 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C208 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF
C4 Not_Placed CAP, 20pF C53 2109445U26 CAP, 9.1pF C113 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C209 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF
C5 0662057M01 RES, 0 C55 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C114 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C210 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF
C6 2109445U07 CAP, 1.5pF C56 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C115 2311049A07 CAPP, 1uF C211 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C7 Not_Placed CAP, 22pF C57 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C116 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C212 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF
C8 0662057M01 RES, 0 C58 2113743N16 CAP, 3.9pF C117 2113740F65 CAP, 390pF C213 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C9 2109445U37 CAP, 15pF C59 2113743N12 CAP, 2.7pF C120 Not_Placed CAP, 8.2pF C214 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C10 2109445U34 CAP, 11pF C60 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C121 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C215 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF
C11 2113743N30 CAP, 15pF C61 2113743N46 CAP, 68pF C122 2113740F20 CAP, 5.1pF C216 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C12 2109445U25 CAP, 8.2pF C62 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C123 2113740F17 CAP, 3.9pF C217 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C13 2109445U07 CAP, 1.5pF C63 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C124 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C218 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF
C14 2109445U07 CAP, 1.5pF C64 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C130 Not_Placed CAP, 3.3pF C219 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C20 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C65 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C131 Not_Placed CAP, 2.2pF C220 2113743N34 CAP, 22pF
C21 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C66 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C132 2113740F23 CAP, 6.8pF C221 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C23 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C67 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C133 Not_Placed CAP, 2.7pF C222 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C25 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C68 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C134 2113740F23 CAP, 6.8pF C223 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C26 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C69 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C135 Not_Placed CAP, 0.5pF C224 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C27 2109445U32 CAP, 8pF C70 2113743N53 CAP, 130pF C136 2113740F18 CAP, 4.3pF C225 2311049A57 CAPP, 10uF
C28 2109445U27 CAP, 10pF C71 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C137 2113740F59 CAP, 220pF C226 2311049A57 CAPP, 10uF
C29 2109445U23 CAP, 6.8pF C72 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C141 Not_Placed CAP, 8.2pF C227 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C30 2109445U40 CAP, 20pF C73 2113743L33 CAP, 4700pF C150 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C228 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C31 2109445U23 CAP, 6.8pF C74 2113743N42 CAP, 47pF C151 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C230 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF
C32 2109445U22 CAP, 6.2pF C80 2109445U41 CAP, 22pF C152 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C231 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C33 2109445U41 CAP, 22pF C81 2109445U45 CAP, 33pF C153 2113743K18 CAP, 0.47uF C232 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C34 2109445U22 CAP, 6.2pF C82 2109445U41 CAP, 22pF C154 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C233 2311049A56 CAPP, 4.7uF
C35 2109445U31 CAP, 7pF C90 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C155 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C240 2113743N06 CAP, 1.3pF
C36 2109445U39 CAP, 18pF C91 2311049A57 CAPP, 10uF C156 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF C241 2113743N50 CAP, 100pF
C37 2109445U31 CAP, 7pF C92 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C157 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C243 PT08MTPB49 CAP, 0.1uF
C38 2109445U26 CAP, 9.1pF C93 Not_Placed CAP, 3.6pF C158 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C244 0888600M25 CAP, .01uF
C39 2109445U26 CAP, 9.1pF C99 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C159 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C245 2311049A08 CAPP, 1uF
C41 2113743N23 CAP, 7.5pF C100 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C170 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C251 0888600M03 CAP, 150pF
C42 2113743N31 CAP, 16pF C101 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C171 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C252 Not_Placed CAP, 390pF
C43 2113743N33 CAP, 20pF C102 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C172 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C253 2109445U22 CAP, 6.2pF
C44 2113743N24 CAP, 8.2pF C103 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C173 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C254 2109445U20 CAP, 5.1pF
C45 2113743N31 CAP, 16pF C104 2113743N26 CAP, 10pF C201 2113740F59 CAP, 220pF C255 2109445U21 CAP, 5.6pF
C46 Not_Placed CAP, 10pF C105 2113743N16 CAP, 3.9pF C202 2109445U52 CAP, 62pF C256 2109445U17 CAP, 3.9pF
C106 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C203 2109445U13 CAP, 2.7pF C257 2109445U35 CAP, 12pF
UHF3 (465-495MHz)
Service Information
Table of Contents
Item Description
General UHF3
Dimensions with:
High Capacity Li-Ion battery 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 45mm D
NiMH FM, battery 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 45mm D
NiMH Std battery 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 43mm D
Slim Li-Ion battery: 130.5mm H x 62mm W x 42mm D
Transmitter
Specifications UHF3
RF Output Low High
NiMH @ 7.5V: 1W 4W
Frequency: 465-495 MHz
Channel Spacing: 12.5/20/25 kHz
Freq. Stability: 0.00025%
(-30°C to +60°C)
Spurs/Harmonics: -36 dBm < 1 GHz
-30 dBm > 1 GHz
Audio Response: +1, -3 dB
(from 6 dB/oct. Pre-emphasis, 300 to 3000Hz)
Audio Distortion:@ 1000 Hz, 60% Rated Max. Dev. <3%
FM Noise: -40 dB (12.5 kHz)
-45 dB (25 kHz)
Receiver
UHF3 UHF3
Specifications
12.5 kHz 20/25kHz
Frequency: 465-495 MHz
Sensitivity 12dB EIA SINAD: 0.25 µV (typical)
Adjacent Channel Selectivity: -60 dB -70 dB
Intermodulation: -70 dB
Freq. Stability (-30°C to +60°C): 0.00025%
Spur Rejection: -75 dB
Image and 1/2 I-F Rejection: -70 dB
Audio Output @ <5% Distortion: 500 mW
1.0 Introduction
This Chapter provides a detailed theory of operation for the UHF circuits in the radio. Schematic
diagrams and board layout diagrams are included in Chapter 4 in this Section of the manual.
■ Front End
■ Back End
Inj Filter
First LO
BW_SEL
from Synthesizer 6G 6E
Cer Fltr
Ceramic Switching 4E
Resonator
RSSI 12.5kHzFilter
Incoming RF signals from the antenna are first routed through the harmonic filter and antenna
switch, part of the transmitter circuitry, before being applied to the receiver front end. The receiver
front end consists of a preselector filter, RF amplifier, an interstage filter, and a double-balanced first
mixer.
The preselector filter is a fixed-tuned 3-pole Butterworth design using discrete elements (L1-L3, C1-
C10, C12 and C523) in a shunt-resonator configuration. It has a 3 dB bandwidth of 68 MHz
centered at 480 MHz, an insertion loss of 2 dB and image attenuation of 39 dB at 405.3 MHz. Diode
CR1 protects the RF amplifier by limiting excessive RF levels. The filter bandwidth is considerably
wider than the receive band, to achieve low insertion loss in a compact size. C523 provides a
transmission-zero to improve image attenuation.
The output of the filter is matched to the base of RF amplifier Q21, which provides 18 dB of gain and
a noise figure of 3.3 dB. A BFS505 device is used for high gain, low noise figure and reduced
operating current. Operating voltage is obtained from the 5R source, which is turned off during
transmit to reduce dissipation in Q21. Current mirror Q22 maintains the operating current of Q21
constant at 8 mA regardless of device and temperature variations, for optimum dynamic range and
noise figure.
The output of the RF amplifier is applied to the interstage filter, a fixed-tuned 4-pole Butterworth
shunt-coupled resonator design having a 3 dB bandwidth of 68 MHz centered at 480 MHz, and
insertion loss of 3.3 dB. This filter yields an image rejection of 55 dB at 405.3 MHz, assisted by a
transmission-zero at 300 MHz implemented by C524 for the reasons mentioned above.
The output of the interstage filter is connected to the passive double-balanced mixer consisting of
components T41, T42, and CR41. This mixer has a conversion loss of 7.2 dB. Low-side injection
from the frequency synthesizer is filtered by L40-L41 and C41-C45 to remove second harmonic
energy that may degrade half-IF spurious rejection performance. The injection filter has a 3 dB
bandwidth of 100 MHz centered at 408 MHz, and an insertion loss of 2.5 dB. The second-harmonic
rejection is typically 40 dB or greater. The filtered injection signal is applied to T42 at a level of +6
dBm.
The mixer output is applied to a diplexer network (L51-L52, C51, R51) which matches the 44.85
MHz IF signal to crystal filter FL51, and terminates the mixer into 50Ω at all other frequencies.
The receiver back end is a dual conversion design. High IF selectivity is provided by FL51, a 4-pole
fundamental mode 44.85 MHz crystal filter with a minimum 3 dB bandwidth of ±6.7 kHz, a maximum
20 dB bandwidth of + 12.5 kHz, and a maximum insertion loss of 3.5 dB. The output is matched to IF
amplifier stage Q51 by L53 and C93. Q51 provides 16 dB of gain and a noise figure of 1.8 dB. The
dc operating current is 1 mA. The output of Q51 is applied to the input of the receiver IFIC U51.
Diode CR51 limits the maximum RF level applied to the IFIC.
Additional IF selectivity is provided by two ceramic filters, FL52 (between the second mixer and IF
amp) and FL53 or FL54 (between the IF amp and the limiter input). The wider filter FL53 is used for
20/25 kHz channel spacing, and the narrower filter FL54 is used for 12.5 kHz channels. When the
BW_SEL line is high, the two upper diodes in packages D51 and D52 are forward biased, selecting
FL53 for 20/25 kHz channels. When the BW_SEL line is low, the two lower diodes in packages D51
and D52 are forward biased, selecting FL54 for 12.5 kHz channels.
Ceramic resonator Y70 provides phase vs. frequency characteristic required by the quadrature
detector, with 90 degree phase shift occurring at 455 kHz. Buffer Q70 provides a lower driving
impedance from the limiter to the resonator, improving the IF waveform and lowering the distortion
of the recovered audio signal. The recovered audio level at the DEMOD output is 100 mV rms (25
kHz channel, 3 kHz deviation) or 50 mV rms (12.5 kHz channel, 1.5 kHz deviation). An additional
RSSI output provides a DC voltage level that is proportional to RF signal level. This voltage is
measured by an A/D converter contained in the microprocessor (PE4_AN4, U401 pin 63).
■ Power Amplifier
■ Harmonic Filter
■ Antenna Matching Network
■ Power Control.
USWB+
TX_ENA
Power Control
PWR_SET
VGG VDD
5T
Antenna
Antenna
RX_IN Switch Antenna
(To Receiver) Matching
Network
The transmitter power amplifier has three stages of amplification. The first stage, Q100, operates in
Class A from the 5T source. It provides 17 dB of gain and an output of 50 mW. The current drain is
typically 30mA. Components C105 and L103 match the output of Q100 to the 50Ω input of the
module U110.
U110 is a two stage Silicon MOS FET power amplifier module. Drain voltage is obtained from
UNSW B+ after being routed through current-sense resistor R150 in the power control circuit. The
output power of the module is controlled by varying the DC gate bias on U110 pin 2 (VGG).
The antenna switch consists of two pin diodes, D120 and D121. In the receive mode, both diodes
are off. Signals applied at the antenna or at jack J140 are routed, via the harmonic filter, through
network C122-C124 and L121, to the receiver input. In the transmit mode, Q170 is on and TXB+ is
present, forward-biasing both diodes into conduction. The diode current is 20 mA, set by R120-
R121. The transmitter RF from U110 is routed through D120, and via the harmonic filter to the
antenna jack. D121 conducts, shunting RF power and preventing it from reaching the receiver. L121
is selected to appear as a 1/4 wave at UHF, so that the low impedance of D121 appears as a high
impedance at the junction of D120 and the harmonic filter input. This provides a high series
impedance and low shunt impedance divider between the power amplifier output and receiver input.
The harmonic filter consists of components C130-C136 and L130-L132. The harmonic filter is a
seven-pole Chebychev low-pass configuration, optimized for low insertion loss, with a 3 dB
frequency of approximately 655 MHz and typically less than 0.8 dB insertion loss in the passband.
The harmonic filter presents a 50Ω impedance to antenna jack J140. A matching network, made up
of C140-C141 and L140, is used to match the antenna impedance to the harmonic filter. This
optimizes the performance of the transmitter and receiver into the impedance presented by the
antenna, significantly improving the antenna's efficiency.
The power control circuit is a dc-coupled amplifier whose output is the dc gate bias voltage (VGG)
applied to the two stages of the RF power amplifier U110.
The output power of the transmitter is adjusted by varying the setting of the power-set DAC
contained in the ASFICcmp IC (DACG, U451 pin 6). This PWR_SET voltage is applied to
U150 pin 3.
Stage U150-2 compares the voltage drop across current sense resistor R150 to the voltage drop
across resistor R151 caused by current flow through Q150, and adjusts its output (pin 7) to maintain
equal voltages at pins 5 and 6. Thus the current flow through Q150, and hence its emitter voltage, is
proportional to the current drawn by stage U110, which is in turn proportional to the transmitter
output power. The emitter voltage of Q150 is applied to U150 pin 2, where it is compared to the
power set voltage PWR_SET at pin 3.
The output of U150 pin 1 is divided by R110 and R111 and applied as a gate voltage to the power
amplifier U110. By varying this gate voltage as needed to keep the voltages at U150 pins 2 and 3
equal, power is maintained at the desired setting. Excessive final current, for example due to
antenna mismatch, causes a lowering of the voltage at U150 pin 6, an increased voltage at pin 2,
and a lowering of the voltage at pin 1 and of the gate voltage VGG. This prevents damage to the final
stage due to excessive current.
The Fractional-N synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3V provided by U310 and U330
respectively. 5V is applied to U201 pins 13 and 30, and 3V is applied to pins 5, 20, 34 and 36. The
synthesizer in turn generates a super-filtered 4.5V supply (VSF, from pin 28) to power U251. In
addition to the VCO, the synthesizer also interfaces with the logic and ASFICcmp circuits.
Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the microprocessor SPI_DATA_OUT,
SPI_CLK, and SYNTH_CS (chip select) lines (U409 pins 100, 1 and 47 respectively). A logic high
(3V) from U201 pin 4 indicates to the microprocessor that the synthesizer is locked.
Voltage Buffer
Multiplier Q280
TRB Rx Out
VCP To Mixer
Vmult1
Aux3 Rx VCO
Circuit VCOBIC
Vmult2 Synthesizer U251
U201 Loop
Filter Tx Out
16.8 MHz To PA Driver
Ref. Osc. Tx VCO
MOD Out
Modulating Circuit
Signal
Transmit modulation from the ASFICcmp (U451 pin 40) is applied to U201 pin 10 (MOD_IN). An
electronic attenuator in the ASFICcmp adjusts overall transmitter deviation by varying the audio
level applied to the synthesizer IC. Internally the audio is digitized by the Fractional-N synthesizer
and applied to the loop divider to provide the low-port modulation. The audio is also routed through
an internal attenuator for the purpose of balancing the low port and high port modulation and
reducing the deviation by 6 dB for 12.5 kHz channels, and is available at U201 pin 41 (VCO_MOD).
This audio signal is routed to the VCO's modulator.
The Fractional-N synthesizer, shown in Figure 2-4, uses a 16.8 MHz crystal (Y201) to provide the
reference frequency for the system. External components C201-C203, R202 and D201 are also part
of the temperature-compensated oscillator circuit. The dc voltage applied to varactor D201 from
U201 pin 25 is determined by a temperature-compensation algorithm within U201, and is specific to
each crystal Y201, based on a unique code assigned to the crystal that identifies its temperature
characteristics. Stability is better than 2.5 ppm over temperatures of -30 to 60°C. Software-
programmable electronic frequency adjustment is achieved by an internal DAC which provides a
frequency adjustment voltage from U201 pin 25 to varactor D201.
The synthesizer IC U201 further divides the 16.8 MHz signal to 2.1 MHz, 2.225 MHz, or 2.4 MHz for
use as reference frequencies. It also provides a buffered 16.8 MHz signal at U201 pin 19 for use by
the ASFICcmp.
To achieve fast locking of the synthesizer, an internal adapt charge pump provides higher current at
U201 pin 45 to quickly force the synthesizer within lock range. The required frequency is then locked
by the normal mode charge pump at pin 43. A loop filter (C243-C245 and R243-R245) removes
noise and spurs from the steering voltage applied to the VCO varactors, with additional filtering
located in the VCO circuit.
Both the normal and adapt charge pumps get their supply from the capacitive voltage multiplier
made up of C221-C224 and D220-D221. Two 3V square waves from U201 pins 14-15 provide the
drive signals for the voltage multiplier, which generates 12.1V at U201 pin 47. This voltage is filtered
by C225-C228.
One of the auxiliary outputs of the synthesizer IC (AUX3, U201 pin 2) provides the TRB signal which
determines the operating mode of the VCO, either receive or transmit.
7 4
DATA (U401 Pin 100) DATA LOCK LOCK (U401 Pin 56)
8 19
CLOCK (U401 Pin 1) CLK FREFOUT FREF (U451 Pin 34)
9 6,22,23,24
SYNTH_CS (U401 Pin 47) CEX GND
10 43
MOD IN (U451 Pin 40) MODIN IOUT 2-Pole Steering
13,30 45 Loop Filter Line
+5V (U310 Pin 5) VCC , 5V IADAPT
5,20,34,36 U201 41 LO RF
+3V (U330 Pin 5) VDD , 3V Low Voltage MODOUT Injection
23 Fractional-N VCO
Reference XTAL1 Mod
Synthesizer
Oscillator 2 TRB Voltage
AUX3
Controlled
25 28 Filtered 5V
WARP SFOUT Oscillator
32 40
PREIN BIAS1
47 39 TX RF
VCP BIAS2
VMULT2 VMULT1 Injection
(First Stage of PA)
14 15
Voltage
Multiplier
Prescaler In
The VCOBIC (U251), shown in Figure 2-5, in conjunction with the Fractional-N synthesizer (U201)
generates RF in both the receive and the transmit modes of operation. The TRB line (U251 pin 19)
determines which oscillator and buffer are enabled. A sample of the RF signal from the enabled
oscillator is routed from U251 pin 12 through a low pass filter, to the prescaler input of the
synthesizer IC (U201 pin 32). After frequency comparison in the synthesizer, a resultant DC control
voltage is used to steer the VCO frequency. When the PLL is locked on frequency, this voltage can
vary between 3.5V and 10V. L251 and C252 further attenuate noise and spurs on the steering line
voltage.
In the receive mode, the TRB line (U251 pin 19) is low. This activates the receive VCO and the
receive buffer of U251, which operate within the range of 420.15 to 450.15 MHz. The VCO
frequency is determined by tank inductor L254, C253-C257, and varactor D251. The buffered RF
signal at U251 pin 8 is further amplified by Q280 and applied as RX_INJ to the low-pass injection
filter in the receiver front end circuit.
In the transmit mode, U251-19 is driven high by U201 pin 2, enabling the transmit VCO and buffer.
The 465-495 MHz RF signal from U251 pin 10 is applied as TX_INJ to the input of the transmitter
circuit via matching network C290-C291 and L291. TX VCO frequency is determined by L264,
C263-C267, and varactor D261. High-port audio modulation from the synthesizer IC is applied as
VCO_MOD to varactor D262 which modulates the transmit VCO.
TRB_IN
Pin 20 Pin 19
Pin 7
NC
TX/RX/BS
Pin 13 Switching Network
NC
V_SF
3V (U201 Pin 28)
(U330 Pin 5)
This section contains detailed troubleshooting tables. These tables should be used as a guide in
determining the problem areas. They are not a substitute for knowledge of circuit operation and
astute troubleshooting techniques. It is advisable to refer to the related detailed circuit descriptions
in the theory of operation sections prior to troubleshooting a radio.
Most troubleshooting tables end up by pointing to an IC to replace. It is not always noted, but it is
good practice to verify supplies and grounds to the affected IC and to trace continuity to the
malfunctioning signal and related circuitry before replacing any IC. For instance, if a clock signal is
not available at a destination, continuity from the source IC should be checked before replacing the
source IC.
The UHF circuits are contained on the printed circuit board (PCB) which also contains the Controller
circuits. This Chapter shows the schematics for the UHF circuits, the Controller circuits are
contained in Section 2 of this manual. The PCB component layouts and the Parts Lists in this
Chapter show both the Controller and UHF circuit components. The UHF schematics and the
related PCB and parts list are shown in the table below.
The main PCB is a 6-layer circuit board, the copper steps are in the layer sequence shown below.
SIDE 1
LAYER 1 (L1)
LAYER 2 (L2)
LAYER 3 (L3)
LAYER 4 (L4) INNER LAYERS
LAYER 5 (L5)
LAYER 6 (L6)
SIDE 2
D301
C478
7
6 C488 5 3
C465
R480
4
C458
R414
C454
C303
J470
C513 S444
C501
25 2
R463
C476
37 C480
R514 R513
E500
FL53
J471
R469
4 3
VR471
R470
R473 R264 4
U451 R254
3
C477
FL54
R263
2
5 4
VR301
C470 R253
1 C267 C473
R483
C256 R481
VR472
R472 13 C257 2 2
C302
D471
C266
C489 C482
D262
R522
D424
3 4
L471
L264 F301
D470
R471
C255
C455 L254 1
R521
C265
C301
U480
C461
SH250
R489
R261 4
C69
VR473
VR475
C421
U52 VR302
R425
C264 R262
C254
R63
R482
R443
R462
Q440
R503 5 8
C422
C263
C253
R280
C282
R424
D261
3
C286
C252
Q402
C251
R442
L251
8
R281
C430 C431
1
R445 R446 C500 C404
4
2
C305
C446
S440
Y70
SH253
C
C306
C
32
17
Q403 21
L283
Q280
8 2
VR110
C402 C283
8
R245
L281
R243
R247
R244
U404
C284
C407
C507
C212
R212
C92
C204
37
C506
1
C241
SH201
C27 C12 C4
C505 1
C7
C207
C216 3
C524 C37
1
U201
7 22
16
C30
C400
C35
C8
R400
L3
C209
C433
C208
C6
C31
C522 C5 C117
R504
R431
C418
25
C231
13
C48 C38
C2
C28
C39
C432 C3
M140
Q21
C9
C523
SH1
C410
CR1
C214 C202
C419
L55
C230
J140
C412
L21
C219
C33
C25
C10
C205
R20
R23
C20
C26
Q22
R21
C99
TP405
TP401
TP402
C121
C206 R206 C52 C53 C124
C51
L120
R52
R121
C417 R416 C220 L51 D121 C136
CR51
C137
U151
L140
C130
R411 L121
Q410
C222
R51
C55
L52
C134
2
R434 2 C123
3
R54
4
3
R502 3
D220
R53
TP302
R433
SH52
R432 C57 C122 C135
C56
C221 C49 C141
R120
FL51
L53
D120
C132
4 6 R55
L131
R150
Y201
R501
C133
5
Q51
C223
C93
C58 C157 L132 L141
31
32
D221
26 6 4 C131
1 C224 C158
T41 C59 C159
R151
Y202
2
SH200 R154
4
3 L130
R162
5
4
R227 C152
C150 R152
U150
C228
R155
SH100
C227 C90
R413 R430
C60
R90
R153
C14 C13 C115
C72
C73 R78
8
C211 C203 R91
SH400
1
U401 C171
SH40
CR41
C225
C226
C151
R75
J460
R157
TP150
R202
R111
TP2
L110
R74
R77 C156
R246 C70 C80 Q150
C81
R80
C153
C112
TP200
R73
C106
TP1
R156
3
R106
10 L100
4
C525 C107
C170
C103
Q70
T42 1
C154
76 C102
SH50
51 4 6
R105 C108
U51
C445
2
3
Q170
4
L101
L103
C120
29
C172
Y51
D440
R72
28 30
C440
1
11 20
C442
C414
C444
C441
C285
2
29
R103 Q100
L291
C44 C45
R440
R441
R101 C100
R418
3
C291
C101
R104
C104
C105
3
4
R412 C416
R423
R422
R284
R40
R100 R102
2
C62
C290
C443
L292
L41
C63
C447
R499
C411
R277
C42
10
C41
R66
R415
R67
R523 C276 C292 L81 C474
L282 R273 R271
C401 C420
R82
L40
SH251
R478
R475 R474
C475
C498
R62
R497
R60
R488
C490
C82
D52 Q470
Q520
C74
U251
C512
TP301
C274
C467
R516 C272
C270 C471 Q490
D491
C511
C459
C492
R275 U511
C304
R492
R511 R476
C333 C331
3
4
R272
R519
R520 1
1
U330
C273
4
3
R490
R498
C519
U490 R508
C453
C334
R274
L270
C275 L272
R493
3 C495
Q471
C464
R515
R491
C452
C483
R494
1 R495
R460
C271 R507
C313
U510
U310
C451
TP403
Q493
R464
5 8
2
R509
R321
D414
R486
E451 J491
R312
C456
C457
C481
R313
C323
R451
4 Q494
E453
Q312
C484 R510 3
VR474
R518
R255
8
Q313
C312 3
U320
C514 Q482
Q311 4
C322
R485
R320
C493
5
4
R322
R311
TP404
C314
R310
C315 C494
R506 C316
UHF R3
USWB + 5V 5T 5R 3V
USWB + 5T
USWB+ 5V 5T 5R 3V
5V 5R
USWB
+
5T
TX_ENA
TX_ENA
PWR_SET
5R
5V
TX_UHF_R3
PWR_SET
DEMOD DEMOD
CONTROLLER RX_BE RX_FE_UHF_R3
BW_SEL BW_SEL IF_IN IF_OUT RX_IN RX_OUT
RX_INJ
5V 3V 5R 3V
5V 3V 5R 3V
MOD_OUT MOD_IN
PRESC PRESC
16_8_MHZ 16_8_MHZ RX_INJ
VCO_UHF_R3
V_STEER V_STEER
SYNTH_CS SYNTH_CS
SYNTH_UHF_R3 V_SF V_SF
SPI_CLK SPI_CLK
VCO_MOD VCO_MOD
SPI_DATA_OUT SPI_DATA_OUT TX_INJ
TRB TRB
LOCK LOCK
1 4
L55
R23 22nH
27K C99
0.1uF
R22
5.6K
C23 R24 C521
4.2V
C523
1.2K 3.7%
390pF 2.7pF
6% C522
0.5pF
C2 C3 C5 C6 C8 C9 C11 C21 3
IF 1 0.5pF
0.79V 1
RX_IN Q21
1.1% 1.25% 1.3% 2.3% 1.6% 1%
9.1pF 4.3pF 8pF 7.5pF 4.3pF CR1 3 6.2pF 390pF 68pF BFS505
C1 2.3% C4 C12 C7 L3 C10 R25
L1 L2 L21
9.85nH 9.85nH 9.85nH 5.6K FE_IF_OUT
8pF 10pF NU 9.1pF 2.7pF 33nH L52
2% 2% 2%
1.25% 1.0% 1.1% 3.7% IF_OUT
1 2 680nH
R51
51
C524 C51
L51
6% 150nH
82pF
0.5pF
C28 C29 C31 C32 C34 C35 C37 C38 C48 C13
4 T41 3
1.0% 1.6% 1.8% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.2% 2% 6.7%
0
10pF 6.2pF 5.6pF 6.2pF 6.2pF 6.2pF 8.2pF 5.1pF 2 1.5pF
C27 L31 C30 C4 6 L32 C33 C47 C36 C39 C49
L33 L34 C14
9.85nH 9.85nH 9.85nH 9.85nH 6 1
8.2pF 2% 16pF NU 2% 24pF NU 18pF 2.7pF NU
2% 2% RF BALUN 6.7%
1.2% 1% 1% 1% 3.7%
5 1.5pF
NC NC
IO1
3 4
IO3 IO4
4 T42 3
IO2
2
FE_RF_IN J C42 L40 L41 C44 2 CR41
6 1
RX_IN J HSMS2829
1.2% 27nH 27nH 1.1% IF BALUN
8.2pF 9.1pF 5
C41 C43 C45 NC NC
R40
1K
10pF 20pF 15pF
1.0% 1% 1% 1
TP1
TP2
1
5V
GND1
GND2
R61 U52-2
100K TC7W04F 3 4
IF_BAND_SEL
5V for 25kHz 6 2
BW_SE L
0V for 12.5kHz C69
D51 R63 R64 D52
0.1uF 2 39K FL54 20K 1
3 CFWC455G
3
1 1 IN OUT 2 2
C74
5V R62 R67
U52-3 47pF
SH50 SH52 3.3K 20K
TC7W04F
GND1
GND2
SHIELD SHIELD
8 3 5
NC R60
U52-4 VCC
2.4K 3 4
PWR_GND 1 1
GND FL52 C62 C63
4 FLTR
9180468V04 0.1uF 0.1uF
1 IN OU T 2
C64 C67 5V
C61 C65 C66
0.1uF 0.1uF
R72
GND
3 3
5V 1 Q70
MMBT3904
IF_5V R91
MIXOUT 20
19
18
17
16
LIMIN 14
LIM_DEC1 13
LIM_DEC2 12
LIMOUT 11
3.39V 2
5V
IFAMP_DEC1
IFAMPI N
IFAMP_DEC2
IFAMPOUT
1.6K
C56
R55 5V
0.1uF 330 R73 C70
R90 1.8K
6 15
VCC U51 GND 130pF
7 AUDIO_FEED
51 SA616 R74
9 RSSI_FEED
8 AUDIOOU T
2 RFIN_DEC
C90
3 OSCOUT
10 QUADIN
4 OSCIN
0.1uF
1 RFIN
12K 1% 1%
18pF 3.6pF 1 2
C53 NU 0.1uF
1 4 Y51
9.1pF TSS2_44_395MHZ
R81
1.1%
1K 44.395MHz R77 R78 IF_DEMOD
C82 1.5V
1 DEMOD
3 OU T IN 8.2K 680 C73
33pF 1%
R76 4700pF
L81 1% R82 GND1 GND 12K
1uH NU 4 2 1%
UHF R3 Synthesizer
FN_V_SF
4.5V
V_SF
1 1
6
C204 LOCK: 3V
PD_GND
PRE_GND
DGND
AGND
MOD_IN CLK
PD_VDD
1uF
5V
DVDD
AVDD
XTAL2 24
VRO
VCP
R205 R220
FN_SYNTH_CS XTAL1 23 R221
100 22 22
SYNTH_CS C202 C201
C220
34
20
36
13
47
FN_16_8
5
C211
R202
62pF 220pF 16_8_MHZ
FN_CLK 0.1uF 150K
1% 4 22pF
SPI_CL K C205
VCC C221
C206 R206
C207 C208 C209 C210 1 NU
3 .01uF
OU T VCON
470pF 470pF 470pF 470pF NU 16.8MHz 3V
NU
GND 3 K3
0V A3 4
Y201
FN_3V L211
2 Y202 C222 2 K2 A2 5
14R06 3V 1 K1
3V 45J68 A1 6
390nH 16.8MHz NU .01uF
0V
C212 C213 C214 3 1 D220
Reference Oscillator OU T IN
C223
2.2uF .01uF 1000pF D201
GND1 GND C203
Crystal TCXO .01uF
4 2 2.7pF
C201 220pF NU C224
3.7%
C202 62pF NU .01uF NC 3
K3 A3 4 NC
C203 2.7pF NU 2 K2 A2 5
1 K1 A1 6
C206 NU 0.01uF C228 C227 C226 C225
R227 D221
R202 150k 47k 39K 0.1uF 1000pF 10uF 10uF
R206 NU 100
5V
D201 1SV232 NU
FN_5V R212 R223
Y201 14R06 NU 5V
0 100
Y202 NU 45J68 C215 C216 C217 C219 C218
UHF R3 VCO
V_SF
390pF 0.1uF 3V
L272 390pF C285
C272
220nH 0.1uF
SH250 SH251 SH253
SHIELD SHIELD SHIELD 0.1uF
L282
VCC_BUFFERS 14
18
18nH
1
VCC_LOGIC
1 1 R284 L292
C273 R272 NU 15nH
R271
5.1K 6.2K
C271 .01uF
R274 L271
33 NU C290 VCO_TX_INJ
390pF
1 10
TX_IADJ TX_OU T TX_IN J
2 RX_IADJ RX_OUT 8 1.5%
3 6.8pF
C253 C255 4
SUPER_FLTR U251 L291
C291
L252 COLL_RFIN 4 50U5
5 RX_BASE 6.8nH
13pF
27nH 1.6% 1.1% 6 7 NC
RX_EMITTER RX_SWITCH 1%
D251 6.2pF 9.1pF 16 13 NC
C254 C256 TX_BASE TX_SWITCH
11 GND_BUFFERS
L254 15 TX_EMITTER
17 GND_LOGI C
12.5nH 3.9pF 20 FLIP_IN
3.3pF
9 GND_FLAG
2% R253 19 TRB_IN
3.0% 2.5%
12 VCO_5R L281
47 PRESC_OUT
5R
C257 18nH
VCO_V_STEER L251 R254 C284
R 12pF 100 R281
V_STEE 220nH 1% 390pF 8.2K
3.2V to 9.5V C282
C251 C252
C281 R282 4.3pF VCO_RX_IN J
L255
150pF NU RX_IN J
220nH 2.3%
390pF 910
C286 R285 3
1
3.9pF 0
Q280 2
C263 C265 2.5% BFS540
L262
C283
27nH 1.6% L283 R280 R283
6.2pF 5.6pF NU 4.7K 130
C264 390pF
L264 1.8%
D261 C266
8nH
3.0pF 2%
3.3% C268 3.0pF
V_SF 3.3%
0.5pF R263
20% V_SF
33
C267 R276 L276 VCO_PRESC
R262 R264
7.5K PRESC
9.1pF 100 NU 27nH
VCO_MOD
R261 1.1%
C276
VCO_MOD
22K
L265 3.6pF
D262 220nH 2.8%
1SV229
RX: 0V
TX: 3V
VCO_TRB R275
TRB
100 C275
390pF
PA_USWB+ UHF R3 Tx
USWB+
PA_TX_EN A
TX_ENA C170
4 5 6
390pF
Q171 Q170
EMB10
SH100 3 2 1
SHIELD
C525
1
390pF C172
100K 1% R121
R158 C160 150
C151 R153
100K U151
1.5K 390pF C150 1%
0.1uF
C156 390pF 57R01
3 8 6
Q150 1 7 C121
R154 R151
.01uF 5 L120 390pF
2 4 220nH
8 2
R157 100K 1% 39
TP150 C152
1 U150-2 R155 R150
1 3 2.2K LM2904 100K J140
C159 C153 390pF 0.1
U150-1 4 R156
1% C137
LM2904 4 S1
390pF 330 0.47uF
220pF
3 S2
PA_PWR_SET R162 2 G1
PWR_SET 5 G2
10K
C158 R110 L110 1
T1
L140 6 T2
390pF 220nH 15.92nH
680
C111 C112 C171 VR110 C115 C116
R111 C113
3.9V
390pF 2K 390pF
0.1uF 390pF 1uF 0.1uF
M140
ANTENNA_NUT
PA_5T MM3Z3V9T1 1 TAB1 3
TAB3 NC
5T 4813830A86 2 TAB2 TAB4 4 NC
NC
C109 C114 C141
R106 R107 L100 L141
4.7K NU 220nH 1pF 30.54nH
0.1uF 390pF
3.0 UHF3 PCB 8486634Z02-O Circuit Motorola Circuit Motorola Circuit Motorola
Parts List Description Description Description
Ref Part No. Ref Part No. Ref Part No.
Circuit Motorola C47 Not_Placed CAP, 10pF C107 Not_Placed CAP, 27pF C205 Not_Placed CAP, 2.7pF
Description
Ref Part No. C48 0662057M01 RES, 0 C108 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C206 Not_Placed CAP, 1000pF
C1 2109445U32 CAP, 8pF C49 Not_Placed CAP, 3.9pF C109 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C207 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF
C2 2109445U26 CAP, 9.1pF C51 2113743N48 CAP, 82pF C111 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C208 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF
C3 2109445U18 CAP, 4.3pF C52 2109445U39 CAP, 18pF C112 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C209 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF
C4 2109445U27 CAP, 10pF C53 2109445U26 CAP, 9.1pF C113 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C210 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF
C5 2109445U32 CAP, 8pF C55 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C114 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C211 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C6 2109445U24 CAP, 7.5pF C56 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C115 2311049A07 CAPP, 1uF C212 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF
C7 2109445U26 CAP, 9.1pF C57 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C116 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C213 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C8 2109445U18 CAP, 4.3pF C58 2113743N16 CAP, 3.9pF C117 2113740F65 CAP, 390pF C214 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C9 2109445U22 CAP, 6.2pF C59 2113743N12 CAP, 2.7pF C120 Not_Placed CAP, 8.2pF C215 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF
C10 2109445U13 CAP, 2.7pF C60 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C121 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C216 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C11 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C61 2113743N46 CAP, 68pF C122 2113740F13 CAP, 2.7pF C217 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C12 Not_Placed CAP, 8.2pF C62 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C123 2113740F17 CAP, 3.9pF C218 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF
C13 2109445U07 CAP, 1.5pF C63 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C124 2113740F65 CAP, 390pF C219 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C14 2109445U07 CAP, 1.5pF C64 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C130 Not_Placed CAP, 3.3pF C220 2113743N34 CAP, 22pF
C20 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C65 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C131 Not_Placed CAP, 2.2pF C221 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C21 2109445U53 CAP, 68pF C66 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C132 2113740F23 CAP, 6.8pF C222 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C23 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C67 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C133 Not_Placed CAP, 2.7pF C223 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C25 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C68 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C134 2113740F23 CAP, 6.8pF C224 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF
C26 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C69 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C135 Not_Placed CAP, 0.5pF C225 2311049A57 CAPP, 10uF
C27 2109445U25 CAP, 8.2pF C70 2113743N53 CAP, 130pF C136 2113740F18 CAP, 4.3pF C226 2311049A57 CAPP, 10uF
C28 2109445U27 CAP, 10pF C71 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C137 2113740F59 CAP, 220pF C227 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C29 2109445U22 CAP, 6.2pF C72 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C141 2113740F03 CAP, 1pF C228 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C30 2109445U38 CAP, 16pF C73 2113743L33 CAP, 4700pF C150 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C230 2113743F18 CAP, 2.2uF
C31 2109445U21 CAP, 5.6pF C74 2113743N42 CAP, 47pF C151 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C231 2113743L17 CAP, 1000pF
C32 2109445U22 CAP, 6.2pF C80 2109445U41 CAP, 22pF C152 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C232 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF
C33 2109445U42 CAP, 24pF C81 2109445U45 CAP, 33pF C153 2113743K18 CAP, 0.47uF C233 2311049A56 CAPP, 4.7uF
C34 2109445U22 CAP, 6.2pF C82 2109445U45 CAP, 33pF C154 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C240 2109445U06 CAP, 1.3pF
C35 2109445U22 CAP, 6.2pF C90 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C156 2113743L41 CAP, .01uF C241 2113743N50 CAP, 100pF
C36 2109445U39 CAP, 18pF C91 2311049A57 CAPP, 10uF C157 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C243 0886641Z01 CAP, 0.1uF
C37 2109445U25 CAP, 8.2pF C92 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C158 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C244 0888600M25 CAP, .01uF
C38 2109445U20 CAP, 5.1pF C93 Not_Placed CAP, 3.6pF C159 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C245 2311049A08 CAPP, 1uF
C39 2109445U13 CAP, 2.7pF C99 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C160 2113743E20 CAP, 0.1uF C251 0888600M03 CAP, 150pF
C41 2109445U27 CAP, 10pF C100 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C170 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C252 Not_Placed CAP, 390pF
C42 2109445U25 CAP, 8.2pF C101 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C171 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C253 2109445U22 CAP, 6.2pF
C43 2109445U40 CAP, 20pF C102 2113743M24 CAP, 0.1uF C172 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C254 2109445U15 CAP, 3.3pF
C44 2109445U26 CAP, 9.1pF C103 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C201 2113740F59 CAP, 220pF C255 2109445U26 CAP, 9.1pF
C45 2109445U37 CAP, 15pF C104 2113743N22 CAP, 6.8pF C202 2109445U52 CAP, 62pF C256 2109445U17 CAP, 3.9pF
C46 Not_Placed CAP, 10pF C105 Not_Placed CAP, 3.9pF C203 2109445U13 CAP, 2.7pF C257 2109445U35 CAP, 12pF
C106 2113743L07 CAP, 390pF C204 2113743L09 CAP, 470pF C263 2109445U22 CAP, 6.2pF