COLLISION THEORY:

POSTULATES:
• The rate of reaction increases with the increase in numbers of collisions per unit time.
• Many reactants’ molecules collide with each other under certain conditions but, only fractions of
molecules undergo bond breaking process.
• The successful molecular collision depends upon:
1. High kinetic energy
2. Proper orientation of colliding molecules

EXPLANATION:
• During movement when reactant molecules come closer to each other they are repelled by the electronic
cloud & most the molecules bounce back without any chemical change but molecules which possess
high kinetic energy overcomes repulsive forces & converted into product by converting kinetic energy
into vibrational energy responsible for bond breaking.

THRESHOLD ENERGY:
• The minimum energy that must be needed by the reacting molecules for effective collision is called
Threshold energy.

ACTIVATION ENERGY:
• The energy externally supplied through heat to increase the energy contents of reacting molecules up to
threshold level is called Activation energy.
𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚
= 𝑻𝒉𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒅 𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚
− 𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒔

DIAGRAM:
EXPLANATION:
• All reactants’ molecules possess energy equals to or greater than energy barrier under goes effective
collision.

Exothermic Reaction Progress Endothermic Reaction Progress

• FAST REACTIONS:

The reactions in which reactants possess small value of energy of activation, large number of reacting
molecules take part in effective collision, hence reaction is fast?
• SLOW REACTION:
The reactions in which reactants possess large value of energy of activation, small number of reacting
molecules take part in effective collision, hence reaction is slow.
In endothermic reactions, energy contents of products is greater than that of reactants & in exothermic
reactions, energy contents of products is lesser than that of reactants.

• TRANSITION STATE:
The chemical specie formed at peak potential which are neither reactants nor product is called Activated
complex & the state of molecules is known as Transition state. Its highly unstable state with partial
bonds formed for very short span of time.

• ACTIVATED COMPLEX:
The chemical specie formed at peak potential which are neither reactants nor predicts called Activated
Complex.