In this chapter, a variety of authors present local and global studies.

The included literature provides a

complete analysis of the topic and problem of this study. ( Paper and Tropical Fruit-Based Briquettes
as Viable Sources of Fuel ). These studies will serve as the basis and supporting data for this research
investigation.

Carbonized biomass was utilized to create solid fuels known as charcoal briquettes. Biomass that has
first been densified and then carbonized. The evident benefits of charcoal briquettes, such as their
cost, burn length, environmental sustainability, and potential for product standardization, adoption as
a replacement for wood charcoal has been slow.

The study conducted by P. Ding (2017) reveals that a lot more tropical fruits have been categorized as
underutilized fruits due to their underexploited potential towards on contributing to food security,
health (nutritional and medicinal), income generation, and environmental services.

Plant biomass could be used as a substitute source of energy for energy production. Energy is in high
demand, and biodegradable briquettes were commonly used as a backup energy source for
residential cooking and small businesses. Densification was employed in this study to produce
briquettes; it densifies the waste biomass. This work could play a huge role in addressing the energy
crisis and maximizing the use of agricultural trash. Vivek et al. (2019)

According to the study by Yun et al. (2020), improving economic competitiveness is the key to the
sustainable development of the wood pellet industry. The study has carried out a comprehensive
techno-economic evaluation of five possible process configurations for the production of conventional
(CWP) and torrefied (TWP) wood pellets in the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC) based on
process simulation with multi-scale models. The novel heat integration strategy is employed for the
TWP production process to avoid N2 and achieve auto-thermal operation.

According to the study by Badran et al. (2020) entitled Production and Characterization of Fuel Pellets
from Rice Husk and Wheat Straw," the pellets produced with both biomasses exceed the moisture,
ash, and nitrogen content but comply with the diameter, length, and durability components. These
results suggest that these biomasses blend to improve the quality and combustion characteristics of
the pellets. It aims to enhance the research in terms of manufacturing these sustainable biofuels.

In line with this, a study conducted by Kongprasert et al. (2019), entitled "Charcoal Briquettes from
Madan Wood Waste as an Alternative Energy Source, "Each type of charcoal briquette was
characterized and analyzed for its physical-chemical properties, including moisture content, volatile
matter content, ash content, fixed carbon, calorific value, bulk density, burning rate, and heat
utilization efficiency. Therefore the Madan wood waste could be a potential renewable raw material
since it has the highest calorific value for manufacturing briquettes as an alternative energy source.

Charcoal briquettes were tested for flammable characteristics through burning rates and ignition
times. Altering the molasses-to-charcoal ratio affected the quality and properties of the briquettes.
Volatile combustible matter and fixed carbon increased with increasing amounts of binder, while ash
content decreased. The presence of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in the charcoal means that it
contains fats and oils related to butane or isobutane, making it easier for the charcoal to burn or heat
up. As a result, it showed the potential of converting water hyacinth into an alternative fuel source.
Carnage et al. (2018).

The study by Arellano et al. (2015), entitled "Evaluation of Fuel Properties of Charcoal Briquettes
Derived From Combinations of Coconut Shell, Corn Cob, and Sugarcane Bagasse," found that blending
the raw material with a high calorific value with the raw material with a low calorific value greatly
enhanced the calorific value of the briquette.
Waste materials were compressed into a product with a higher bulk density, lower moisture content,
and uniform size, shape, and material properties that can be utilized as fuel using a compact briquette
machine like wood or charcoal. (Romallosa, 2018)

The Apparatus's molder was filled with tiny balls of homogeneous materials. Beyond shutting and
pressing down the molder's movable upper half, The components were compressed. The briquettes
were then placed on trays and allowed to air dry until they were perfect for use as fuel. Romallosa et
al. (2015)

As stated by Mamuad et al. (2022) in the study "Charcoal Briquette Production from Peanut (Arachis
hypogaea L.) Shells Using Cornick Industry Wastewater as Binder through a Torrefaction Process ".
The briquettes made from peanut shells with Cornick wastewater as a binder were evaluated against
standards and could be used in industrial and commercial processes.

The study conducted by Romallosa and Kraft (2017), entitled "Feasibility of Biomass Briquette
Production from Municipal Waste Stream." demonstrates that after evaluating its suitability, quality,
and applicability to potential customers, the simulated manufacturing of biomass briquettes
generated from the municipal waste stream could result in a workable on-site fuel production line.