Name of Student: Teacher: Anancita L.

Pollo
Year and Section: Subject: Geometry
Date: Time:

Midline Theorem and Kite

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

The learner will be able to:

A. Prove the Midline Theorem and other theorem related to it.
B. Apply those theorems in solving some geometric problems.
C. Prove some properties of a kite.
D. Show analytical thinking.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Kite
Theorem: If a quadrilateral is a kite, then it has two pairs of congruent sides, but that its
opposite sides are not congruent.
The Midline Theorem: The segment between the midpoints of two sides of a triangle is
parallel to the third side and half as long.

THEOREMS ABOUT THE MIDPOINTS USING MIDLINE THEOREM

• Joining the midpoints of an isosceles triangle will form a rhombus.
• The quadrilateral formed by joining the midpoints of the consecutive sides of any
quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
• Joining the midpoints of a rhombus will form a rectangle.
• The segments joining the midpoints of opposite sides of any quadrilateral bisect
each other.

KITE
In the previous worksheet, we were discussing quadrilaterals with two pairs of parallel
sides, the parallelogram. This time we will discuss quadrilateral with no parallel sides, the kite.

Definition
A quadrilateral in which exactly one diagonal is the perpendicular bisector of the other
diagonal is called a kite.

Theorem: If a quadrilateral is a kite, then it has two pairs of congruent sides, but that its
opposite sides are not congruent.
 Given: WXYZ is a kite, ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑊 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑍 , Y
W

̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑌 ≇ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑊
Prove: ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑌 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑍𝑌 , ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑊 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑍𝑊 , and
X O Z
̅̅̅̅ ≇ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑌 𝑍𝑊 , ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑍 ≇ 𝑋𝑊 W W
W

W
PROOF:

STATEMENTS REASONS

1. WXYZ is a kite 1. Given

̅̅̅̅̅ ⊥ bisector of ̅̅̅̅
2. 𝑌𝑊 𝑋𝑍 2.) Definition of kite
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑌𝑍
3.) 𝑋𝑌 ̅̅̅̅̅; 𝑋𝑊
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑍𝑊 3.) PBT

To show that 𝑋𝑌̅̅̅̅ ≇ ̅̅̅̅̅

𝑍𝑊 ,and ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅ , use the indirect method of reasoning. If 𝑋𝑌
𝑌𝑍 ≇ 𝑋𝑊 ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑍𝑊
were congruent, and ̅̅̅̅ 𝑋𝑊 are congruent, then □WXYZ is a parallelogram. If it is a
𝑌𝑍 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅̅̅̅̅
parallelogram, then diagonals bisect each other making ̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝑌 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑊 . But this would contradict the
given fact that ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑌 ≇ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑊 . Thus, a quadrilateral is a kite.

1.) Given: □GOLD is a kite, GO = 5, OS = 4, OD = 13.5, LD = 10, GS = 3

Find the measure of the following:
a.) m∠OSL c.) SL e.) OL
b.) GD d.) GL f.) SD

a.) 90 d.) 6
b.) 10 e.) 5
c.) 3 f.) 9.5

The following theorem is not obvious, and neither is its proof. We shall give the proof in full.

The Midline Theorem

The segment between the midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third
side and half as long.

B
w
y E
D x F

A C
 ̅̅̅̅ and 𝐵𝐶
Given: ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶, D and E are the midpoints of 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅
Prove: 𝐷𝐸 // 𝐴𝐶 and DE = ½ AC

PROOF:
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. Let F be the point, on the ray opposite 1. Point Plotting Theorem
to ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝐷, such that EF = DE.
2. EB = EC 2. Definition of midpoint
3. ∠𝑥 ≅ ∠𝑦 3. VAT
4. ∆ EFC ≅ ∆ EDB 4. SAS Postulate
5. ∠𝑣 ≅ ∠𝑤 5. CPCTC
6. ⃡⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 // ⃡⃗⃗⃗𝐶𝐹 6. AIP Theorem
7. AD = DB 7. Definition of midpoint
8. DB = FC 8. CPCTC
9. AD = FC 9. TPE
10. ADFC is a parallelogram 10. If two sides of a quadrilateral are
parallel and congruent, then
quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
11. 𝐷𝐸 // ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐶 11. Definition of a parallelogram
12. DF = DE + EF = 2DE 12. Definition of betweenness / APE
13. AC = 2DE 13. TPE/ In a parallelogram, any two
opposite sides are congruent.
14. DE = ½ AC 14. MPE

THEOREMS ABOUT THE MIDPOINTS USING MIDLINE THEOREM

Theorem: Joining the midpoints of an isosceles triangle will form a rhombus.

Given: ∆ABC is isosceles with AC = BC,

P, Q, and R are the midpoints of
sides AB, BC, and AC respectively.
Prove: PQCR is a rhombus

PROOF:
STATEMENTS REASONS

1. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is isosceles with AC=BC 1. Given

2. P, Q, and R are the midpoints 2. Given

1
3. CQ=2 BC; RC = 2AC
1 3. Def. of Midpoint
1 1
4. PR= 2BC; PQ=2AC 4. Midline Theorem

5. PR=CQ=RC=PQ 5. TPE

6. PR // BC; PQ//AC 6. Midline Theorem

7. PQCR is a parallelogram 7. Def. of parallelogram

8. PQCR is a rhombus 8. Def of Rhombus

 Theorem: The quadrilateral formed by joining the midpoints of the consecutive sides of any
quadrilateral is a parallelogram.

Given: ABCD with P, Q, R and S as the

midpoints of the side
Prove: PQRS is a parallelogram

PROOF:

STATEMENTS REASONS

1. Introduce AC 1. Line Postulate

2. P,Q,R and S are midpoints 2. Given

1
3. SR= 2AC; PQ=2AC
1 3. Midline Theorem

4. SR= PQ 4. TPE

5. SR //AC; PQ//AC 5. Midline Theorem

6. SR//PQ 6. If 2 lines are both // to a 3rd line, then they

are //
7. PQRS is a parallelogram 7. If a has two pairs of // and ≅, then it is
a parallelogram

Theorem: Joining the midpoints of a rhombus will form a rectangle.

.

Given: MPQS is a rhombus

G, H, I and K are the midpoints of the side
Prove: GHIK is a rectangle

PROOF:

STATEMENTS REASONS

1. MPQS is a rhombus 1. Given

2. GHIK is a parallelogram 2. The quadrilateral formed by joining the

midpoints of the consecutive sides of any
quadrilateral is a parallelogram
3. SP // HG 3. If 2 lines are both // to a 3rd line, then they
are //
4. HG // SP // KI 4. Midline Theorem

5. HG // KI 5. If 2 lines are both // to a 3rd line, then they

are //
6. SP ⊥ MQ 6. In a rhombus, diagonals are ⊥

7. GH ⊥ MQ, KI ⊥ MQ 7. If a line is ⊥ to one of two parallel lines,

then it is ⊥ to the other.
8. GK // MQ 8. Midline Theorem

9. GH ⊥ GK 9. If a line is ⊥ to one of two parallel lines,

then it is ⊥ to the other.
10. ∠𝐻𝐺𝐾 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 10. Def. of perpendicularity

11. GHIK is a rectangle 11. If a parallelogram has one right angle,

then it has 4 right angles and it is a rectangle.

Theorem: The segments joining the midpoints of opposite sides of any quadrilateral bisect
each other.

Given: MPQS is a rhombus; G, H, I, and K

are the midpoints of the side.

Prove: GI and HK bisect each other

PROOF:
STATEMENTS REASONS

1. G, H, I, and K are the midpoints of 1. Given

MPQS.
2. GHIK is a parallelogram 2. The quadrilateral formed by joining the
midpoints of the consecutive sides of any
quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
3. GI and HK bisect each other 3. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect
each other.

Example:
1.) In ∆GHK, S, T, and V are the midpoints of the sides. If the perimeter of ∆STV is 28 ½, what is
the perimeter of ∆GHK?
.) D is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 , E is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 . Find the
following:
a.) x = ______ b.) AB = _______
c.) Y = ______ d.) AC = _______
e.) Z = ________ f.) CB = ______
g.) m∠ABC = ______ h.) m∠𝐴𝐷𝐸 = ______
i.) m∠ACB = _____ J.) m∠DEB = ______
k.) m∠EDC
3.)∎ABCD is a rectangle and P, Q, R, S are the midpoints of its sides. If the diagonal AC has
length 18, what is the perimeter of ∎PQRS?
Answer:
1.) perimeter of ∆GHK = 57 units, because using midline theorem, the length of the sides of
∆GHK is equal to twice the length of the sides of ∆STV.
2.) a.) x = ___3___ b.) AB = __20____
c.) y = __6__ d.) AC = __18____
e.) z = ___30____ f.) CB = __30__
g.) m∠ABC = _50°___ h.) m∠𝐴𝐷𝐸 = _60°___
i.) m∠ACB = _60°____ J.) m∠DEB = _130°___
k.) m∠EDC = 120°
3.) perimeter of ∎PQRS = 36 units, using Midline Theorem and knowing that the diagonals of
a rectangle are congruent.