Communications Systems II

Tutorial (1)
A.L. Ahmed H. Soliman
Solution of Problem(1) in Sheet #1
• Specify the Nyquist rate and the Nyquist interval for each of the following
signals:
a) 𝑔 𝑡 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐(200𝜋𝑡)
• Using Fourier Transform:
1 𝑓
• 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 𝜏𝜋𝑡 ↔ ( )
𝜏 𝜏
1 𝑓
• 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 200𝜋𝑡 ↔ ( )
200 200
• So, the bandwidth of g(t) is: 𝐵 = 100 𝐻𝑧
• And, the Nyquist rate is: 𝑓𝑁 = 2𝐵 = 200 𝐻𝑧,
1 1
• Nyquist interval is: 𝑇𝑁 = = = 0.005 𝑠
2𝐵 200
Solution of Problem(1) in Sheet #1
• Specify the Nyquist rate and the Nyquist interval for each of the following
signals:
b) 𝑔 𝑡 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 2 (200𝜋𝑡)
• Using Fourier Transform:
2 2 𝑓
• 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 𝜏𝜋𝑡 ↔ ∆( )
𝜏 2𝜏
1 𝑓
• 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 2 200𝜋𝑡 ↔ ∆( )
100 400
• So, the bandwidth of g(t) is: 𝐵 = 200 𝐻𝑧
• And, the Nyquist rate is: 𝑓𝑁 = 2𝐵 = 400 𝐻𝑧,
1 1
• Nyquist interval is: 𝑇𝑁 = = = 0.0025 𝑠
2𝐵 400
Solution of Problem(1) in Sheet #1
• Specify the Nyquist rate and the Nyquist interval for each of the
following signals:
• c) 𝑔 𝑡 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 200𝜋𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 2 200𝜋𝑡
• Using Fourier Transform:
2 1 𝑓 1 𝑓
• 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 200𝜋𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 200𝜋𝑡 ↔ ( ) + ∆( )
200 200 100 400
• So, the bandwidth of g(t) is: 𝐵 = 200 𝐻𝑧
• And, the Nyquist rate is: 𝑓𝑁 = 2𝐵 = 400 𝐻𝑧,
1 1
• Nyquist interval is: 𝑇𝑁 = = = 0.0025 𝑠
2𝐵 400
Solution of Problem(3) in Sheet #1
• A sinusoidal signal 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝐴 sin 2𝜋𝑓𝑚 𝑡 where 𝐴 = 8 volts and 𝑓𝑚
= 20 𝐻𝑧 is ideally sampled at the sampling rate, 𝑓𝑠 = 50 𝐻𝑧. Satisfy
the following:
• A. Compute the period of g(t) .
1
• 𝑇𝑚 = = 0.05 𝑠
𝑓𝑚
Solution of Problem(3) in Sheet #1
• A sinusoidal signal 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝐴 sin 2𝜋𝑓𝑚 𝑡 where 𝐴 = 8 volts and 𝑓𝑚
= 20 𝐻𝑧 is ideally sampled at the sampling rate, 𝑓𝑠 = 50 𝐻𝑧. Satisfy
the following:
• B. Sketch the magnitude spectrum G( f ) of g(t) .
Using Fourier Transform:
𝐴
𝐴 sin 2𝜋𝑓0 𝑡 ↔ [𝛿 𝑓 − 𝑓0 − 𝛿(𝑓 + 𝑓0 )]
2𝑗
|G(f)|
4 4

f (Hz)
20 20
Solution of Problem(3) in Sheet #1
• A sinusoidal signal 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝐴 sin 2𝜋𝑓𝑚 𝑡 where 𝐴 = 8 volts and 𝑓𝑚
= 20 𝐻𝑧 is ideally sampled at the sampling rate, 𝑓𝑠 = 50 𝐻𝑧. Satisfy
the following:
• C. How many samples are there in one cycle of g(t) .

𝑓𝑠
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔 𝑡 𝑖𝑠 = 2.5 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠/𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝑓𝑚
Solution of Problem(3) in Sheet #1
• A sinusoidal signal 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝐴 sin 2𝜋𝑓𝑚 𝑡 where 𝐴 = 8 volts and 𝑓𝑚
= 20 𝐻𝑧 is ideally sampled at the sampling rate, 𝑓𝑠 = 50 𝐻𝑧. Satisfy
the following:
• D. Sketch the sampled signal 𝑔𝑠 (𝑡) .
Solution of Problem(3) in Sheet #1
• A sinusoidal signal 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝐴 sin 2𝜋𝑓𝑚 𝑡 where 𝐴 = 8 volts and 𝑓𝑚
= 20 𝐻𝑧 is ideally sampled at the sampling rate, 𝑓𝑠 = 50 𝐻𝑧. Satisfy
the following:
• E. Sketch the magnitude spectrum Gs( f ) of the sampled signal gs(t)
(up to 3fs ).
|G(f)|
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

-130 -120 -80 -70 -30 20 20 30 70 80 120 130 f (Hz)

Solution of Problem(3) in Sheet #1
• A sinusoidal signal 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝐴 sin 2𝜋𝑓𝑚 𝑡 where 𝐴 = 8 volts and 𝑓𝑚
= 20 𝐻𝑧 is ideally sampled at the sampling rate, 𝑓𝑠 = 50 𝐻𝑧. Satisfy
the following:
• F. Is the given sampling rate enough for the receiver to recover the
signal and why?
Yes, because 𝑓𝑠 > 2𝑓𝑚 Satisfying the minimum sampling (Nyquist rate).