PRECALCULUS

PRECALCULUS is a subject offered to Grade 11 Senior High School (SHS) students of the STEM strand
during the 1st Semester of the school year as mandated by the Department of Education, Philippines.

The course is divided into two quarters (1st and 2nd). The lessons in each quarter are divided in eight (8)
modules. Each module includes lessons involving real-life examples and situations which will equip you with
knowledge, 21st century skills, and values necessary for you to become a holistic and globally competent
individual.

WHAT DO YOU NEED TO LEARN?

Module 1 covers WEEK 1 of the course syllabus. Generally, in this lesson you will get to know about
conic sections such as circle and how they are used in different fields. There are three four (4)
learning competencies included in this lesson as indicated below.
1. illustrate the different types of conic sections: parabola, ellipse, circle, hyperbola, and
degenerate cases
2. define a circle
3. determine the standard form of equation of a circle
4. graph a circle in a rectangular coordinate system

PRETEST
Directions: Identify the pictures as conic sections and degenerate cases. Write your answer on the space
provided below each picture. A word bank where you can get your answer is provided.

circle line point

parabola ellipse hyperbola
two intersecting lines

1
 HOW ARE CONIC SECTIONS FORMED?

The following are the illustrations on how the four conic sections are formed by intersecting double-
napped cone and a plane.
Did you know that when
you cut a cone you can
create a circle, ellipse,
parabola, or hyperbola?

CONDITIONS CONIC SECTIONS

Circle is formed by a plane intersecting a

cone parallel to its base.

Ellipse is formed by a plane intersecting

a cone at an angle to its base.
It shows that the cutting plane is not
parallel to any of the two generators.

Parabola is formed when the plane is at

the same slant as the side of the cone.
If the cutting plane is parallel to one and
only one generator, then the curve is a
parabola.

Hyperbola is formed by the intersection

of a plane perpendicular to the bases of
the double-napped cone.

2
 LAS #1.1
Activity Title: WHAT IS MY CENTER AND RADIUS?
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to identify the center and radius of circle
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will be aware of things out of good observation skills and
discovery.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Conceptual Math and Beyond PreCalculus by Brilliant Creations Page(s)No. 1-9
CONCEPT NOTES
Circle is a set of all points on a plane that are equidistant from a given fixed
point. The fixed point in the form of (h, k) is called the center of the circle and
the distance from the center to any point of the circle is called the radius r.

EXAMPLE
Observe the circles below. Each circle has a different center and length of the
radius.

Center: (0, 0) or at the origin Center: (2, 3) Center: (4, 5)

Radius: r = 2 Radius: r = 4 Radius: r = 6

Center: (3, -2) Center: (0, 6) Center: (-5, -6)

Radius: r = 3 Radius: r = 6 Radius: r = 7

On Your Own
Identify the center and radius of each circle.

Center: ______________ Center: ______________ Center: ______________

Radius: ______________ Radius: ______________ Radius: ______________

3
 LAS #1.2
Activity Title: EQUATION OF A CIRCLE
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to determine the equation of a circle standard and
general form given its center at the origin (0, 0) and radius.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will become patient as they solve each equation accurately.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Conceptual Math and Beyond PreCalculus by Brilliant Creations Page(s) No.1-9
CONCEPT NOTES
The equation of a circle can be expressed in its standard form or general form.
a. Center-Radius Form: (𝑥 − ℎ)! (𝑦 − 𝑘)! = 𝑟 ! , where the coordinates of the center are
represented by (h, k) and the radius is the value of r.
b. General Form: 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0 where D, E, and F are constants.

EQUATION OF A CIRCLE IN STANDARD FORM

given a radius and center at the origin (0, 0)
EXAMPLES
SOLUTION
CENTER: (0, 0)
STEP 1. Determine the center and radius of the given circle.
RADIUS: r = 7

(x − h)! + (y − k)! = r ! STEP 2. Write the equation of a circle in standard form

h = 0, k = 0, r = 7 STEP 3. Identify the value of h, k, and r

(x − 0)! + (y − 0)! = (7)! STEP 4. Substitute the value of h, k, and r in STEP 2.

x ! + y ! = 49 STEP 5. Simplify if possible

Therefore, the equation of a circle in standard form

with center at the origin (0, 0) and r = 7 is 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗s.
SOLUTION
CENTER: (0, 0)
STEP 1. Determine the center and radius of the given circle.
RADIUS: r = 5
(x − h)! + (y − k)! = r ! STEP 2. Write the equation of a circle in standard form

h = 0, k = 0, r = 5 STEP 3. Identify the value of h, k, and r

(x − 0)! + (y − 0)! = (5)! STEP 4. Substitute the value of h, k, and r in STEP 2.

x ! + y ! = 25 STEP 5. Simplify if possible

The equation of a circle in standard form
with center at the origin (0, 0) and r = 5 is 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓.
EXERCISES
Determine the equation in standard form and general form of the following circles.
Show your complete solution.

1. 2. 3.

4
 LAS #1.3
Activity Title: EQUATION OF A CIRCLE IN GENERAL FORM GIVEN A CENTER (h, k) and RADIUS
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to determine the equation of a circle in standard form
given its center (h, k) and radius.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will solve each equation patiently and accurately.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Conceptual Math and Beyond PreCalculus by Brilliant Creations Page(s)No.1-9

EQUATION OF A CIRCLE IN GENERAL FORM

given a radius and center at (h, k)
EXAMPLES

SOLUTION
CENTER: (3, 5)
STEP 1. Determine the center and radius of the given circle.
RADIUS: r = 4
(x − h)! + (y − k)! = r ! STEP 2. Write the equation of a circle in standard form

h = 3, k = 5, r = 4 STEP 3. Identify the value of h, k, and r

(x − (3))! + (y − (5))! = (4)! STEP 4. Substitute the value of h, k, and r in STEP 2.

STANDARD FORM: (x − 3)! + (y − 5)! = 16 STEP 5. Simplify if possible

x ! − 6x + 9 + y ! − 10y + 25 = 16 STEP 6. Square the binomials

x ! − 6x + 9 + y ! − 10y + 25 − 16 = 0 STEP 7. Place all the terms to the left side of the equation
! !
x − 6x + y − 10y + 9 + 25 − 16 = 0
STEP 8. Simplify the equation by combining all like terms
x ! − 6x + y ! − 10y + 18 = 0
STEP 9. Follow the general form:
x ! + y ! − 6x − 10y + 18 = 0
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎
Therefore, the equation of a circle in general form with center at (3, 5) and r = 4 is 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟎.

SOLUTION
CENTER: (-2, 7)
STEP 1. Determine the center and radius of the given circle.
RADIUS: r = 6
(x − h)! + (y − k)! = r ! STEP 2. Write the equation of a circle in standard form

h = -2, k = 7, r = 6 STEP 3. Identify the value of h, k, and r

(x − (−2))! + (y − (7))! = (6)! STEP 4. Substitute the value of h, k, and r in STEP 2.

STANDARD FORM: (x + 2)! + (y − 7)! = 36 STEP 5. Simplify if possible

NOTE: Multiply the negative sign to the value of h and k.
! !
x + 4x + 4 + y − 14y + 49 = 36 STEP 6. Square the binomials

x ! + 4x + 4 + y ! − 14y + 49 − 36 = 0
x ! + 4x + y ! − 14y + 4 + 49 − 36 = 0
x ! + 4x + y ! − 14y + 17 = 0
x ! + y ! + 4x − 14y + 17 = 0
STEP 7. Place all the terms to the left side of the equation
STEP 8. Simplify the equation by combining all like terms
STEP 9. Follow the general form: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎

Therefore, the equation of a circle in general form with center at (-2, 7) and r = 6 is x ! + y ! + 4x − 14y + 17 = 0.

5
 SOLUTION
CENTER: (-4, -2)
STEP 1. Determine the center and radius of the given circle.
RADIUS: r = 3
(x − h)! + (y − k)! = r ! STEP 2. Write the equation of a circle in standard form

h = -4, k = -2, r = 3 STEP 3. Identify the value of h, k, and r

(x − (−4))! + (y − (−2))! = (3)! STEP 4. Substitute the value of h, k, and r in STEP 2.

STANDARD FORM: (x + 4)! + (y + 2)! = 9 STEP 5. Simplify if possible

NOTE: Multiply the negative sign to the value of h and k.
! !
x + 8x + 16 + y + 4y + 4 = 9 STEP 6. Square the binomials

x ! + 8x + 16 + y ! + 4y + 4 − 9 = 0 STEP 7. Place all the terms to the left side of the equation
! !
x + 8x + y + 4y + 16 + 4 − 9 = 0
STEP 8. Simplify the equation by combining all like terms
x ! + 8x + y ! + 4y + 11 = 0
x ! + y ! + 8x + 4y + 11 = 0 STEP 9. Follow the general form: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎
Therefore, the equation of a circle in standard form with center at the origin (-4, -2) and r = 3 is
x ! + y ! + 8x + 4y + 11 = 0.

EXERCISES
Directions: Determine the equation of each circle in general form. Show your complete solution.

1. 2.

3. 4.

6
 LAS #1.4
Activity Title: CENTER AND RADIUS GIVEN AN EQUATION IN STANDARD FORM
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to identify the center and radius given an equation in
standard form.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will appreciate the importance of knowing the center and radius of
circle given an equation in standard form.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Conceptual Math and Beyond PreCalculus by Brilliant Creations Page(s)No.1-9
CONCEPT NOTES
The equation of a circle in Standard Form or Center-Radius Form: (𝑥 − ℎ)! (𝑦 − 𝑘)! = 𝑟 ! ,
where (h, k) is the coordinates of the center and r as the radius of the circle.

IDENTIFY THE CENTER AND RADIUS

GIVEN AN EQUATION IN STANDARD FORM

EXAMPLE 1

Identify the center and radius of the circle determined by 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! = 100.

The x and y terms in the given equation do not have constants. Therefore,
the center of the circle is obviously at the origin.

CENTER (0, 0) or at the origin

Extract the square root of 𝒓𝟐
𝑟 ! = 100
RADIUS 3𝑟 ! = √100
𝑟 = ±10
𝑟 = 10

EXAMPLE 2

Identify the center and radius of the circle in (𝑥 − 3)! + (𝑦 + 2)! = 9.

SOLUTION
h = 3 , k = −2 STEP 1. Determine the value of h and k from the
Center: (3, -2) given and write it in the form of (h, k).

𝑟! = 9
3𝑟 ! = √9 STEP 2. Determine the value of r by extracting the
𝟐
𝑟 = ±3 square root of 𝒓 .
𝑟 = 3

CENTER: (3, −2)

RADIUS: 𝑟 =3

7
 EXAMPLE 3

Identify the center and radius of the circle given by (𝑥 + 9)! + (𝑦 + 16)! = 25

SOLUTION
STEP 1. Determine the value of h and k from the
h = −9 , k = −16
given. Write it in the form of (h, k), it will be the
Center: (-9, -16)
center.
NOTE: Take the opposite sign of h and k.
𝑟! = 5
3𝑟 ! = √25 STEP 2. Determine the value of r by extracting the
𝟐
𝑟 = ±5 square root of 𝒓 .
𝑟 = 5
CENTER: (−9, −16)

RADIUS: 𝑟 =5

EXAMPLE 4

Identify the center and radius of the circle given by (𝑥 − 7)! + (𝑦 − 3)! = 17

SOLUTION
STEP 1. Determine the value of h and k from the
h = 7 , k = 3
given. Write it in the form of (h, k), it will be the
Center: (7, 3)
center.
NOTE: Take the opposite sign of h and k.
𝑟 ! = 17
STEP 2. Determine the value of r by extracting the
3𝑟 ! = √17
square root of 𝒓𝟐 .
𝑟 = √17

CENTER: (7, 3)

RADIUS: 𝑟 = √17

EXERCISES
Directions: Determine the center and radius of each circle determined by each equation in standard form.

1. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! = 64
2. (𝑥 + 4)! + (𝑦 − 9)! = 121
3. (𝑥 − 10)! + (𝑦 − 2)! = 81
4. (𝑥 − 5)! + (𝑦 + 8)! = 13
5. (𝑥 + 1)! + (𝑦 + 3)! = 7

8
 LAS #1.5
Activity Title: CENTER AND RADIUS GIVEN AN EQUATION IN GENERAL FORM
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to identify the center and radius given an equation in
general form.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will be able to solve equations by following the procedure, thus being
obedient and observant.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Conceptual Math and Beyond PreCalculus by Brilliant Creations Page(s)No.1-9
CONCEPT NOTES
General Form: 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0 where D, E, and F are constants.

To identify the center and radius of circle, transform an equation in general form to standard form.
Here are the steps:
1. Group the terms with same variable.
2. Move the constant term to the right side of the equation.
3. Create two perfect square trinomials by completing the square method. Whatever constants were added
to the left side shall also be added to the right side of the equation.
4. Simplify both sides of the equation.
5. Transform perfect square trinomials into square of binomials.
𝑎! + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏! → (𝑎 + 𝑏)!
𝑎! − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏! → (𝑎 − 𝑏)!

EXAMPLE 1 Identify the center and radius of the circle in 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟎

SOLUTION
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟎 Copy the given
STEP 1. Move the constant term to the right side of the
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 equation to transform it into standard form.
Since the given is already in standard form, you will identify the value of center (h, k) for
center and r for radius.
CENTER: (𝟎, 𝟎)
RAIDUS: 𝒓 = 𝟔
𝑟 ! = 36
3𝑟 ! = √36
𝑟 = ±6
𝒓=𝟔

EXAMPLE 2 Identify the center and radius of the circle in 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎

SOLUTION
𝟐 (𝒚𝟐 )
(𝒙 + 𝟖𝒙) + + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎 STEP 1. Group the terms with same variable

(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 ) = −𝟏𝟓 STEP 2. Move the constant term to the right side of the
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 + __) + (𝒚𝟐 ) = −𝟏𝟓 + ___
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔) + 𝒚𝟐 = −𝟏𝟓 + 𝟏𝟔
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔) + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏
(𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 1
equation
STEP 3. Create two perfect square trinomials by completing
the square method.
a. find the coefficients of the first degree term (x)
b. divide the coefficient by two then square it.
c. add that number to both sides of the equation
d. repeat a-c with y
STEP 4. Simplify both sides of the equation
STEP 5. Transform the perfect square trinomials into square
of binomials

9
 STANDARD FORM: (𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 1
Since you already transformed the equation from general form to standard form, you can now identify the
center and radius of the circle.
CENTER: (−4, 0)
RADIUS: 𝒓 = 𝟏
𝑟! = 1
3𝑟 ! = √1
𝑟 = ±1
𝒓=𝟏

EXAMPLE 3 Identify the center and radius of the circle given by 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟎

SOLUTION
𝟐 (𝒚𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝟔𝒙) + − 𝟏𝟐𝒚) + 𝟗 = 𝟎 STEP 1. Group the terms with same variable

(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚) = −𝟗 STEP 2. Move the constant term to the right side of the
equation
STEP 3. Create two perfect square trinomials by completing
𝟐 𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝟔𝒙 + __) + (𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + __) = −𝟗 + ___ + ___ the square method.
(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗) + /𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝟔1 = −𝟗 + 𝟗 + 𝟑𝟔 a. find the coefficients of the first degree term (x)
b. divide the coefficient by two then square it.
c. add that number to both sides of the equation
d. repeat a-c with y

(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝟔) = 𝟑𝟔 STEP 4. Simplify both sides of the equation
STEP 5. Transform the perfect square trinomials into square
(𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔
of binomials
STANDARD FORM: (𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔
Since you already transformed the general form to standard form, you can identify the center and radius
using the standard form.
CENTER: (3,6)
RADIUS: 𝒓 = 𝟔
𝑟 ! = 36
3𝑟 ! = √36
𝑟 = ±6
𝒓=𝟔

EXERCISES
Directions: Determine the center and radius of the following circle given in general form.

𝟏. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 225 = 0
2. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 6𝑦 + 9 = 0
𝟑. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 8𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 16 = 0
𝟒. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! + 6𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 4 = 0

10
 LAS #1.6
Activity Title: EQUATION OF A CIRCLE FROM GENERAL FORM TO STANDARD FORM
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to transform the equation of a circle from general form
to standard form.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will be independent in solving equations following the guides as to
how each problem is solved.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Conceptual Math and Beyond PreCalculus by Brilliant Creations Page(s)No.1-9
CONCEPT NOTES
TRANSFORMING THE EQUATION OF A CIRCLE FROM
GENERAL FORM TO STANDARD FORM
It is very essential to learn how to transform an equation of a circle from general form to its standard
form in order to graph a circle on the rectangular coordinate system. Recall that the general form of equation
of circle is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎, and the standard form is (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 .

EXAMPLE 1 Transform the equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟎 to standard form.

SOLUTION
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟎 Copy the given
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒 STEP 1. Move the constant term to the right side of the equation
Therefore, the standard form of the equation 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 64 = 0 is
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒.

EXAMPLE 2 Transform the equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒚 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 to standard form.

SOLUTION
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒚 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 Copy the given

𝒙𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒚) − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 STEP 1. Group the terms with same variable

𝒙𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒚) = 𝟏𝟏 STEP 2. Move the constant term to the right side of the equation

STEP 3. Create two perfect square trinomials by completing the square

method.
𝒙𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒚 + _____ ) = 𝟏𝟏 + _____ a. find the coefficients of the first degree term (x)
𝒙𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒚 + 𝟐𝟓) = 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟐𝟓 b. divide the coefficient by two then square it.
c. add that number to both sides of the equation
d. repeat a-c with y

𝒙𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒚 + 𝟐𝟓) = 𝟑𝟔 STEP 4. Simplify both sides of the equation

STEP 5. Transform the perfect square trinomials into square of
𝒙𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟓)𝟐 = 36
binomials
Therefore, the standard form of the equation 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 10𝑦 − 11 = 0 is
𝒙𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟓)𝟐 = 36.

11
 EXAMPLE 3 Transform the equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 to standard form.

SOLUTION
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 Copy the given

(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚) − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 STEP 1. Group the terms with same variable

(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚) = 𝟏𝟏 STEP 2. Move the constant term to the right side of the equation

STEP 3. Create two perfect square trinomials by completing the square

(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + __) + /𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚+____ 1 = 𝟏𝟏 + ___ + ___ method.
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒) + /𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏1 = 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟒 + 𝟏
a. find the coefficients of the first degree term (x)
b. divide the coefficient by two then square it.
c. add that number to both sides of the equation
d. repeat a-c with y
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒) + /𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏1 = 𝟏𝟔 STEP 4. Simplify both sides of the equation
STEP 5. Transform the perfect square trinomials into square of
(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 16
binomials
Therefore, the standard form of the equation 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! + 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 11 = 0 is
(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 16.

EXAMPLE 4 Transform the equation 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑𝟎𝒙 − 𝟑𝟔𝒚 − 𝟗 = 𝟎 to standard form.
SOLUTION
𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑𝟎𝒙 − 𝟑𝟔𝒚 − 𝟗 = 𝟎 Copy the given
STEP 1. Divide the terms by the numerical coefficient of
3𝒙 𝟐
𝟑𝒚 𝟐
𝟑𝟎𝒙 𝟑𝟔𝒚 𝟗 𝟎 𝑥 ! 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ! , then simplify if possible
+ − − − =
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
In our given, you will divide all terms by 3 since it
is the numerical coefficient of 𝑥 ! 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ! .
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎

(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚) − 𝟑 = 𝟎 STEP 2. Group the terms with same variable

(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚) = 𝟑 STEP 3. Move the constant term to the right side of the equation

STEP 4. Create two perfect square trinomials by completing the square

(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + ___) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + ___) = 𝟑 + ___ + ___
(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝟔) = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟑𝟔
method.
a. find the coefficients of the first degree term (x)
b. divide the coefficient by two then square it.
c. add that number to both sides of the equation
d. repeat a-c with y

(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝟔) = 𝟔𝟒 STEP 4. Simplify both sides of the equation
STEP 5. Transform the perfect square trinomials into square of
(𝒙 − 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒
binomials
Therefore, the standard form of the equation 3𝑥 ! + 3𝑦 ! − 30𝑥 − 36𝑦 − 9 = 0 is
(𝒙 − 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒.
EXERCISES
Directions: Transform each general form to standard. Show your complete solution.
1. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 64 = 0
2. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 6𝑦 − 16 = 0
3. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 2𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 12 = 0
4. 5𝑥 ! + 5𝑦 ! + 10𝑥 + 40𝑦 + 40 = 0

12
 LAS #1.7
Activity Title: EQUATION OF A CIRCLE FROM STANDARD FORM TO GENERAL FORM
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to transform the equation of a circle from standard
form to general form.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will become capable of solving equations neatly and independently
following the guides as to how each problem is solved.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Conceptual Math and Beyond PreCalculus by Brilliant Creations Page(s)No.1-9
CONCEPT NOTES
TRANSFORMING THE EQUATIONS OF A CIRCLE FROM
STANDARD FORM TO GENERAL FORM
When transforming the general form of equation of a circle into standard form, we use the Completing the
Square (CTS) Method.
1. Square the two binomials
2. Place all terms to the left side of the equation
3. Simplify the equation by combining all like terms
4. Follow the general form: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎

EXAMPLE 1 Transform the equation (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟏 to general form.

SOLUTION
𝟐 𝟐
(𝒙 + 𝟐) + (𝒚 − 𝟏) = 𝟏 Copy the given

(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏) = 𝟏 STEP 1. Square the binomials

𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒 + 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
STEP 2. Place all the terms to the left side of the equation
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟒 + 𝟏 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
STEP 3. Simplify the equation by combining all like terms
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 STEP 4. Follow the general form:
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎
Therefore, the general form of the equation (𝑥 + 2)! + (𝑦 − 1)! = 1 is
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎.

EXAMPLE 2 Transform the equation (𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒙 + 𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟓 to general form.

SOLUTION
(𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒙 + 𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟓 Copy the given

(𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏) + (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓) = 𝟓 STEP 1. Square the binomials

𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟓 = 𝟎 STEP 2. Place all the terms to the left side of the equation
𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟓 + 𝟏 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎
STEP 3. Simplify the equation by combining all like terms
𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎 STEP 4. Follow the general form:
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎
Therefore, the general form of the equation (𝑦 − 1)! + (𝑥 + 5)! = 5 is
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎.

III. EXERCISES
Transform each equation from standard to general form. Show your complete solution.
1. (𝑥 − 1)! + (𝑦 − 2)! = 20 3. (𝑦 + 7)! + (𝑥 − 5)! = 15
2. (𝑦 + 4)! + (𝑥 − 6)! = 16 4. (𝑥 − 11)! + (𝑦 − 4)! = 25

13
CONCEPT REVIEW
To prepare yourself for this lesson, answer the following exercises first.
A. Write O if the given equation is in standard form; X if it is written in general form; and an asterisk *
if the equation is neither in standard form nor in general form.

________1. (𝑥 − 1)! + (𝑦 − 2)! = 20

________2. (𝑦 − 0)! + (𝑥 − 0)! = 49

________3. (𝑥 − 4)! + (𝑦 + 5)! − 31 = 0

________4. (𝑥 + 3)! + (𝑦 + 1)! = 10

________5. (𝑥 − ℎ)! + (𝑦 + 𝑘)! = 25

________6. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 144 = 0

________7. 3𝑥 ! + 3𝑦 ! − 120 = 0

________8. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! = 169

________9. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! + 8𝑥 − 14𝑦 + 1 = 0

________10. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! + 8𝑥 − 14𝑦 = 0

B. Determine the center and radius of the following circles.

1. (𝑥 − 0)! + (𝑦 − 0)! = 49 Center: ________________ Radius: ________________

2. (𝑥 + 3)! + (𝑦 − 0)! = 16 Center: ________________ Radius: ________________

3. (𝑦 + 4)! + (𝑥 + 3)! = 25 Center: ________________ Radius: ________________

4. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 100 = 0 Center: ________________ Radius: ________________

5. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! + 8𝑥 − 14𝑦 + 1 = 0 Center: ________________ Radius: ________________

14
 LET’S DEEPEN
YOUR UNDERSTANDING

GRAPH OF A CIRCLE IN RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM

In this lesson, you will learn how to sketch the graph of a circle given its center at origin, center at x-
axis or y-axis, center at (h, k) and radius. Also, you will learn how to sketch the graph of a circle given its
equation in standard form or in general form.

LAS #1.8
Activity Title: PLOT AND SKETCH ME PART 1
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to sketch the graph of circle given its center at the origin,
center lies at x-axis or y-axis and radius.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will sketch neatly and accurately the graph of a circle.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Conceptual Math and Beyond PreCalculus by Brilliant Creations Page(s) No.10-12
CONCEPT NOTES
SKETCHING THE GRAPH OF CIRCLE GIVEN ITS CENTER AT THE ORIGIN (0, 0), CENTER LIES
AT THE X-AXIS AND Y-AXIS, AND RADIUS
In order to the sketch the graph of circle given its center at the origin and lies at the x-axis and y-axis and its
radius, you need to draw a rectangular coordinate system. Then, you will plot the point of the center and you will
count r units up, down, left and right starting from the center.

Let’s analyze the following examples.

EXAMPLE 1 Sketch the graph of circle with r = 3 units and center at (0, 0)

SOLUTION
Given that the center is at the (0, 0) or at the origin and radius r = 3 units.

STEP 1. Plot the center at the rectangular

coordinate system, locate (0, 0)

STEP 2. You will count 3 units up, down, left

and right starting from the center.
This means that you should have points
(0, 3), (3, 0), (0,-3), and (-3, 0).

Graph of circle with

r = 3 units and center at (0, 0)

15
 EXAMPLE 2 Sketch the graph of circle with r = 5 units and center at (-4, 0)

SOLUTION
Given that the center is at the (-4, 0) or it is located at the negative x-axis and radius r = 5 units.

STEP 1. Plot the center at the rectangular

coordinate system.

STEP 2. You will count 5 units up, down,

left and right starting from the center.
This means that you should have points
(-4, 5), (1, 0), (-4, -5), and (-9, 0).

Graph of circle with

r = 5 units and center at (-4, 0)

EXAMPLE 3 Sketch the graph of circle with r = 5 units and center at (0, -4)

SOLUTION
Given that the center is at the (0, -4) or it is located at the negative y-axis and radius r = 5 units.

STEP 1. Plot the center at the rectangular

coordinate system.

STEP 2. You will count 5 units up, down,

left and right starting from the center.
This means that you should have points
(0, 1), (5, -4), (0,-9), and (-5, -4).

Graph of circle with

r = 5 units and center at (0, -4)
EXERCISES
Sketch the following circle given its center and radius in a rectangular coordinate system. Use graphing
paper and show your complete solution.
1. Center: (0, 0) Radius: 6 units
2. Center: (-3, 0) Radius: 3units
3. Center: (0, 5) Radius: 5 units

To learn more about graphing a circle given a center and radius, study page 99 of your textbook.

16
 LAS #1.10
Activity Title: SKETCHING THE GRAPH OF CIRCLE GIVEN IN STANDARD FORM
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to sketch the graph of circle given in standard form.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will sketch neatly and accurately the graph of a circle. Reference(s) &
Author(s): Conceptual Math and Beyond PreCalculus by Brilliant Creations Page(s) No.10-12
CONCEPT NOTES
GRAPH OF CIRCLE GIVEN AN EQUATION IN STANDARD FORM

Let’s analyze the following examples.

EXAMPLE 1 Sketch the graph of Circle B whose equation is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓

SOLUTION
Since the given circle is already in standard form which is (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 , you can proceed to the
next step.
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 Copy the given.
(𝒙 − 𝟎)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟎)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 Transform the given into
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

STEP 1. Determine the center and radius of the circle.

𝒉 = 𝟎 𝒌=𝟎 𝒓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓
3𝒓𝟐 = √𝟐𝟓
𝒓 = +𝟓 Calculate the radius r by extracting
𝒓 = 𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 the square root of 𝒓𝟐

CENTER: (𝟎, 𝟎) RADIUS: 𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

STEP 2. Plot the center on the rectangular coordinate

system.
You will count 5 units up, down, left and right
starting from the center.
This means that you should have points (0, 5), (5,
0), (0,-5), and (-5, 0).

STEP 3. Connect the dots to the graph of the circle

with a round, smooth curve.

Graph of circle B showing its center at B (0, 0). All the points
on the circle are 5 units far from the center.

17
 EXAMPLE 2 Sketch the graph of Circle G whose equation is (𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟖)𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗

SOLUTION
Since the given circle is already in standard form which is (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 , you can proceed to the
next step.
(𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟖)𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗 Copy the given.

STEP 1. Determine the center and radius of the circle.

𝒉 = 𝟑 𝒌 = −𝟖 𝒓𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗
3𝒓𝟐 = √𝟒𝟗
Take the opposite sign of h
and k to determine the center
𝒓 = +𝟕 Calculate the radius r by extracting
which is in the form of (h,k) 𝒓 = 𝟕 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 the square root of 𝒓𝟐
CENTER: (𝟑, −𝟖) RADIUS: 𝟕 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

STEP 2. Plot the center on the rectangular coordinate

system.
You will count 7 units up, down, left and right
starting from the center.
This means that you should have
points (𝟑, −𝟏), (𝟏𝟎, −𝟖), (𝟑, −𝟏𝟓)𝒂𝒏𝒅 (−𝟒, −𝟖).

STEP 3. Connect the dots to the graph of the circle with

a round, smooth curve.
Graph of circle G showing its center at D (3, -2). All
the points on the circle are 5 units far from the center.

EXERCISES
Directions: Sketch the following circle in a rectangular coordinate system given an equation in standard form.
Use graphing paper and show your complete solution.

1. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! = 64
2. (𝑥 + 7)! + (𝑦 − 2)! = 36
3. (𝑥 − 4)! + (𝑦 − 1)! = 100

18
 LAS #1.11
Activity Title:THE GRAPH OF CIRCLE GIVEN IN GENERAL FORM
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to sketch the graph of circle given in general form.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will sketch neatly and accurately the graph of a circle. Reference(s) &
Author(s): Conceptual Math and Beyond PreCalculus by Brilliant Creations Page(s) No.10-12

CONCEPT NOTES
SKETCHING THE GRAPH OF CIRCLE GIVEN ITS GENERAL FORM
In order to sketch the graph of circle in general form which is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎, you
need to transform it first into standard form which is (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 . Then, you will determine
the center (h, k) and radius r.

Let’s analyze the following examples.

EXAMPLE 1 Sketch the graph of Circle B whose equation is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟎

SOLUTION
Since the given circle is in general form which is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎, you need to transform it into
standard form.
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟎 Copy the given

STEP 1. Move the constant term to the right side of the

STANDARD FORM: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒
equation to transform it into standard form.

(𝒙 − 𝟎)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟎)𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒 Transform the given into

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

STEP 2. Determine the center and radius of the circle.

𝒉 = 𝟎 𝒌=𝟎 𝒓𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒
3𝒓𝟐 = √𝟔𝟒
𝒓 = +𝟖 Calculate the radius r by extracting
𝒓 = 𝟖 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 the square root of 𝒓𝟐
CENTER: (𝟎, 𝟎) RADIUS: 𝟖 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

STEP 3. Plot the center on the rectangular coordinate system.

You will count 8units up, down, left and right starting from
the center.
This means that you should have points (0, 8), (8, 0), (0,-8),
and (-8, 0).

STEP 4. Connect the dots to the graph of the circle with a round,
smooth curve.

Graph of circle B showing its center at B (0, 0).

All the points on the circle are 5 units far from
the center.

19
 EXAMPLE 2 Sketch the graph of Circle O whose equation is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎
SOLUTION
Since the given circle is in general form which is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎, you need to transform it into
standard form.
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 Copy the given
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚) − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 STEP 1. Group the terms with same variable

(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙) + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚) = 𝟏𝟏 STEP 2. Move the constant term to the right side of the equation

STEP 3. Create two perfect square trinomials by completing the

(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + __) + /𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚+____ 1 = 𝟏𝟏 + ___ + ___
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒) + /𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏1 = 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟒 + 𝟏
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒) + /𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏1 = 𝟏𝟔
(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 16
STANDARD FORM: (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 16
(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
square method.
a. find the coefficients of the first degree term (x)
b. divide the coefficient by two then square it
c. add that number to both sides of the equation
d. repeat a-c with y
STEP 4. Simplify both sides of the equation
STEP 5. Transform the perfect square trinomials into square of
binomials
Transform the given into
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

𝒉 = −𝟐 𝒌=𝟏 𝒓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 STEP 6. Determine the center and radius of the circle.

3𝒓𝟐 = √𝟏𝟔
𝒓 = +𝟒 Calculate the radius r by extracting
𝒓 = 𝟒 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 the square root of 𝒓𝟐

CENTER: (−𝟐, 𝟏) RADIUS:𝟒 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

STEP 7. Plot the center on the rectangular coordinate system.

You will count 4 units up, down, left and right starting
from the center.
This means that you should have points (-2, 5), (2, 1),
(-2, -3), and (-6, 1).

STEP 8. Connect the dots to the graph of the circle with a

round, smooth curve.

Graph of circle O showing its center at B (-2, 1). All

the points on the circle are 4 units far from the center.

EXERCISES
Directions: Sketch the following circle in a rectangular coordinate system given in general form. Use graphing
paper and show your complete solution.
1. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 121 = 0
2. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 2𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 12 = 0
3. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! + 10𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 21 = 0

20
 LAS #1.12
Activity Title: SOLVED APPLIED PROBLEMS INVOLVING CIRCLES
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to solve problems involving circles.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will become good problems solvers as they apply the concept of circles
in solving real-life problems.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Conceptual Math and Beyond PreCalculus by Brilliant Creations Page(s) No.18-22
CONCEPT NOTES
SOLVED APPLIED PROBLEMS INVOLVING CIRCLES
To solve a problem that involves circles, it will helpful to apply RIGSS
Read, analyze, and visualize the situation
Identify the problem.
Gather relevant information
Solve for the problem using the given information by recalling the equations, parts, properties of a circle.
Simplify the answer and label it with the correct units.

Let’s analyze the following examples.

Consider the illustration at the right.
EXAMPLE 1 A circular driveway is bounded by two circles.
The illustration indicates that the radius of the
larger circle is 60 feet, and the radius of the
smaller circle is 43 feet. Use the coordinate
system shown to write the general form of the
equation of the:
1.1 larger circle
1.2 smaller circle

S O L U T I O N F O R P R O B L E M 1.1
Assuming that the center is located at (0, 0), then h = 0 and k = 0. Thus, to write the equation of the larger circle, the
length of its radius must be considered. Given that r = 60, then:
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 Standard form of a circle

(𝒙 − 𝟎)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟎)𝟐 = (𝟔𝟎)𝟐 STEP 1. Substitute the value of h, k and r.

𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 STEP 2. Simplify if possible.
𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎 STEP 3. Place all the terms to the left side of the equation.
𝟐

Therefore, the equation in general form for larger circle is

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎

S O L U T I O N F O R P R O B L E M 1.2
Assuming that the center is located at (0, 0), then h = 0 and k = 0. Thus, to write the equation of the smaller circle, the
length of its radius must be considered. Given that r = 43, then:
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 Standard form of a circle

(𝒙 − 𝟎)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟎)𝟐 = (𝟒𝟑)𝟐 STEP 1. Substitute the value of h, k and r.

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟗 STEP 2. Simplify if possible.
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟗 = 𝟎 STEP 3. Place all the terms to the left side of the equation.
Therefore, the equation in general form for the smaller circle is
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟗 = 𝟎

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 The equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 represents the circle formed by the inner lane of a
EXAMPLE 2 circular running track where all the measurements are expressed in foot measures. If
an athlete needs to run around the track’s middle lane thrice, then approximately how
many feet does he cover?
SOLUTION
With this problem, the only given data about the circle is its equation, and its unit of measurement expressed
in foot measure. Analyzing the situation, the athlete will run around the track three times, therefore we shall solve
for the distance traveled after running thrice around the track.
𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! = 4000
STEP 1. Solve for the radius of the track

𝑟 ! = 4000 Calculate the radius r by extracting

the square root of 𝒓𝟐
𝑟 = √4000
𝑟 = 63.2455532
𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 2𝜋𝑟
𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟 STEP 2. Using the measurement of the radius, compute for the
𝐶 = 2𝜋(√4000) circumference or the distance around the track.
𝐶 = 397.38 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 It is better or best to solve for the value by pressing the keys in
This means that one complete round of the the calculator simultaneously for accuracy.
track is 397.38 feet.
Since the athlete shall run around the track
thrice, then the track’s circumference must be
multiplied by three. STEP 3. Multiply the circumference by three.
3𝐶 = 3(397.38) 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 1, 192.14 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡
Thus, the athlete will cover 1, 192.14 feet after running thrice around the track.

REFLECTIVE JOURNAL

Directions: Create a reflective journal on what you’ve learned in this lesson. You may include which
part of the module you enjoyed the most or the least, or which lessons you find easy or difficult.

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ANSWER KEY to PRETEST

============================================================================

POSTTEST
Knowledge
A. Directions: Choose the best answer. Write your answer on the separate sheet of paper. (1 point each)
1. What do you call the set of all points on a plane that are equidistant from a given fixed point?
A. Circle C. Hyperbola
B. Ellipse D. Parabola

2. What do you call the distance from the center to any point of the circle?
A. Axis C. Equation
B. Center D. Radius

3. Which of the following is the standard form of a circle?

A. (𝒙 + 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 C. (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
B. (𝒙 + 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 D. (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

4. What is the method used in transforming equation of a circle from standard form to general form?
A. Completing the square method C. Squaring the two binomials
B. Extracting the square root D. Using quadratic formula

5. What is the method used in transforming equation of a circle from general form to standard form?
A. Completing the square method C. Squaring the two binomials
B. Extracting the square root D. Using quadratic formula

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B. Identify the center and radius of the following circles given in:
I. Standard form (2 points each) II. General form (2 points each)
! !
1. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 225 4. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 169 = 0
2. ( 𝑥 + 10)! + (𝑦 − 11)! = 100 5. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! + 10𝑥 + 16𝑦 − 11 = 0
3. ( 𝑥 − 9)! + (𝑦 − 5)! = 144

Process
C. Directions: Transform the following equation of a circle from standard form to general form. Show your
full solution for full credit and kindly box your final answer. (3 points each)
1. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! = 400
2. ( 𝑥 − 8)! + (𝑦 − 2)! = 81
3. ( 𝑥 + 7)! + (𝑦 − 1)! = 49

D. Directions: Transform the following equation of a circle from general form to standard form. Show your
complete solution. (3 points each)
4. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 12𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 36 = 0
5. 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! − 12𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 25 = 0
E. Directions: Analyze and solve the problem carefully. Show your full solution. (5 points)
6. The equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 represents the circle formed by the inner lane of a circular running track
where all the measurements are expressed in foot measure. If an athlete needs to run around the track’s middle
lane thrice, then approximately how many feet will he cover?

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