fhÁfh TET ifnaL fhÁfh Ïytr TNPSC /TET mfhlä, TlYh®.

1853š jªÂ KiwæidÍ«, 1854 jghš KiwæidÍ« m¿Kf« brŒjh®

1853š fšf¤jh – M¡uh tiu Kj‹ Kjyhf jªÂKiw nghl¥g£lJ. miu mdh mŠrš
Kiw m¿Kf¥gL¤Âdh®
bghJ gâ¤Jiw (PWD) æid m¿Kf¥gL¤Âdh®.
ϪÂa bghJ gâ¤Jiwæ‹ jªij, bjhêš E£g fšéæ‹ jªij, ϪÂa ÏU¥ò¥
ghij £l¤Â‹ jªij vd miH¡f¥gL»wh®. eÅd ϪÂahit cUth¡»at® v‹W
òfH¥gLgt®- lšbAsÁ
1856š éjit kWkz¢r£l« ãiwnt‰w¥g£lJ.
Ïtç‹ thœ¡if tuyh‰iw W.W. Hunter vGÂÍŸsh®.
M§»nya it°uhŒfŸ
fhå§Ãuò (1856-1862)
M§»y »H¡»ªÂa f«bgåæ‹ (EIC) (Ãç£oZ ϪÂahé‹) filÁ ft®d® b#duš
Ãç£oZ ϪÂahé‹ Kjš itÁuhŒ fhå§Ãuò
itÁuhŒ v‹gj‹ bghUŸ mur¥ÃuÂãÂ
bfhšf¤jh, K«ig, br‹id gšfiy¡ fHf§fŸ Jt¡»a nghJ (1857) itÁauhf
ÏUªjt® - fhå§Ãuò
General Services Enlistment Act (bghJ¥ g⢠r£l« 1856 Éiy 25š bfh©L tªjh® -
fhå§Ãuò
Á¥ghŒ fyf¤Âš g§F bfh©l ϪÂa®fS¡F fUiz fh£o k‹å¥ò më¤jjhš “
fUizäF fh委 vd¥g£lh®.
1858š Kj‹Kjèš tUkhd tçæid (Income Tax) m¿Kf« brŒjh®
1857 M« M©L bgU« òu£Á elªj nghJ itÁauhf ÏUªjt® fhå§Ãuò
Á¥ghŒ fyf¤Â‹ nghJ ϪÂa nguur® vd Ãufld¥gL¤j¥g£lt® 2« gfö® õh
r®#h‹ yhuh‹° Ãuò (1864-68)
ϪÂa td¤ Jiwæid cUth¡»dh®

nknahÃuò (1869-72)
v»¥Âš Na° fhšthŒ Âw¡f¥g£l M©L – 1869
nknah Ãuò 1872š Kj‹ Kjyhf ϪÂahéš k¡fŸ bjhif fz¡bfL¥ò Kiwæid
m¿Kf¥gL¤Âdh®.
M£Áæš ÏU¡F« nghnj gLbfhiy brŒa¥g£l Kjš itÁuhŒ - nknah Ãuò
Statistical Survey of India njh‰Wé¤jt®- nknah Ãuò
ntsh©ik k‰W« tâf¤Jiwia njh‰Wé¤jt®- nknah Ãuò
è£l‹ Ãuò (1876-80)
1877š blšè j®ghçš “ϪÂahé‹ nguuÁ” vd Ãufld¥gL¤j¥g£lt® ϧ»yhªJ
eh£L é¡nlhçah kfhuhâ
t£lhu bkhê¥ g¤Âç¡if r£l« Ïa‰w¥g£l M©L – 1878, Ï¢r£l¤Â‹ ntW bga® -
thŒ¥ó£L r£l«
1878-79š Áéš r®Å° nj®Î taÂid mÂf g£r« 21èUªJ 19 Mf Fiw¤j itÁuhŒ
è£l‹ Ãuò
ϪÂah KGtJ« xnu khÂçahd c¥ò tçia é¤jh®
1878 ϪÂa MÍj r£l« -Ï¢r£l¤Â‹go ϪÂa®fŸ MÍj« th§»dhY« é‰whY«
mDk bgw nt©L«

41 m.RnuZ Fkh® MSc.BEd,9894006772

 fhÁfh TET ifnaL fhÁfh Ïytr TNPSC /TET mfhlä, TlYh®.
ç¥g‹ Ãuò (1880-84)
1881š ϪÂahéš Kj‹ Kjyhf bjhê‰rhiy r£l¤Âid Ïa‰¿dh®
1881š ϪÂahéš Kj‹ Kjyhf Kiwahd k¡fŸ bjhif fz¡bfL¥Ãid ãfœ¤Âa
itÁuhŒ ç¥g‹ Ãuò (k¡fŸ bjhif 25.4 nfho (m) 254 äšèa‹.
t£lhu bkhê g¤Âç¡if r£l« Ú¡f« - 1882š Ú¡f¥g£lJ
cŸsh£Á muR Ô®khd« (Local self Government) ãiwnt‰w« - 1882
jy Rah£Áæ‹ jªij – ç¥g‹ Ãuò
“ç¥g‹ v§fŸ m¥g‹” vd T¿at®fŸ – ϪÂa®fŸ
A©l® fšé¡FG ãaä¡f¥g£l M©L – 1882
A©l® fšé FG c£° m¿¡if (Woods Despatch) ‹ brašgh£il Muha
ãaä¡f¥g£lJ
A©l® fšé FG bjhl¡f fšé¡F K¡»a¤Jt« tH§»aJ.
ç¥g‹ Ãuò fhy¤Âš Ú¤Jiwæš kh‰w¤ij V‰gL¤Âa knrhjh Ïšg®£ knrhjh – 1883
ç¥g‹ khefuh£Á f£ol« mikªJŸs Ïl« - br‹id
l~¥ç‹ Ãuò (».Ã.1884-1888)
ϪÂa njÁa fh§»u° Jt¡f« or«g® 28, 1885 bjhl§f¥g£l Ïl« - K«ig
ϪÂa njÁa fh§»uir “X® E©âa ÁWgh‹ikik FGéd®” vd t®â¤jt® -
l~¥ç‹ Ãuò.
ϪÂa njÁa fh§»u° bjhl§f¥g£l nghJ ϪÂa itÁuhŒ l¥ç‹ Ãuò
01.01.1886š tl g®kh Ãç£oZ ϪÂahnthL Ïiz¡f¥g£lJ
ϪÂa njÁa fh§»uir bjhl§»at® A.O. ïô«
ϪÂa njÁa fh§»uÁ‹ jªij vd My‹ M¡nlhéa‹ ïôik T¿at®.
W.C.ghd®í
f®r‹ Ãuò (1899-1905)
bjhšbghUŸ ghJfh¥ò Jiwæid f®r‹Ãuò cWth¡»dh®.
gH§fhy ãidÎ ghJfh¥ò¢ r£l« f®r‹ Ãuò fhy¤Âš ãiwnt‰w¥g£lJ.
Kj‹Kjèš CID Jiwia cUth¡»dh® f®r‹Ãuò
f®r‹Ãuòthš étrha MuhŒ¢Á ika« órhéš (t§fhs«) bjhl§f¥g£lJ
t§f¤ij Ïu©lhf (»H¡F/ nk‰F ) Ãç¤j itÁuhŒ f®r‹Ãuò (1905)
M§»nya xsu§fÓ¥ vd miH¡f¥g£l itÁuhŒ – f®r‹Ãuò
f®r‹Ãuòit xsu§fÓ¥nghL x¥Ã£L ngÁaϪÂa¤ jiyt® - G.K nfhfny
Ïu©lh« ä©nlh Ãuò (1910-16)
blšè j®gh® or«g® 12, 1911
t§f¥Ãçéid u¤J brŒa¥g£l M©L – 1911
Ãç£oZ ϪÂahé‹ jiyefiu bfhšf¤jhé‰F blšè¡F kh‰w¥g£l M©L – 1911
ÏtuJ fhy¤Âš ϪÂahé‰F tUif jªj ϧ»yhªJ mur® - Iªjh« #h®{
nfhfny Ïwªj M©L – Ã¥utç 19, 1915
nAh«%š Ïa¡f« V¥uš 28, 1916š ódhéš Âyfuhš bjhl§f¥g£lJ.
gdhu° ϪJ¥ gšfiy fHf¤Âid (1916) kj‹nkhf‹ khséah bjhl§»dh®
br«°ngh®L Ãuò (1916-21)
br¥l«g® 25, 1916š br‹idæš (milahW) nAh«%š Ïa¡f¤Âid m‹åbgr‹£
m«ikah® bjhl§»dh®
y¡ndh x¥gªj« (m) fh§»u° - Ä¡ x¥gªj« V‰g£l M©L 1916

42 m.RnuZ Fkh® MSc.BEd,9894006772

 fhÁfh TET ifnaL fhÁfh Ïytr TNPSC /TET mfhlä, TlYh®.
r«guh‹r¤Âa»uf¥ nghuh£l« - 1917
busy£ FG ãakd« 1917
kh©nlF – br«°ngh®L Ó®ÂU¤j r£l« 1919
khãy§fëš Ïu£ilah£Á m¿Kf«
Kjš cyf¥ngh® KoÎ - 1918
busy£ r£l« btëæl¥g£l M©L – 1919
#hèa‹ thyhgh¡ (m) mä®jru° (m) gŠrh¥ gLbfhiy ãfœªj M©L V¥uš 13,1919
#hèa‹ thyhgh¡ gLbfhiy g‰¿ érhç¡f ãaä¡f¥g£l fä£o – A©l® fä£o
»yhg¤ Ïa¡f¤Âid (1919) mè rnfhju®fŸ (KfkJ mè, brsf¤ mè)
bjhl§»dh®fŸ
Âyf® Ïw¥ò – Mf°£ 1. 1920
mèfh® K°Ä« gšfiy¡ fHf« bjhl¡f« - 1920
ßo§ Ãuò (1921-31)
kyghçš njh‹¿a kh¥sh fyf« (nfush) 1921
ntš° Ïstur® ϪÂa tUif – or«g® 1921 br‹id tUif 1922
ϪÂa f«ôå°£ f£Á (CPI) Jt¡f«
brsçbrsuh r«gt« (c¤Âu Ãunjr«) Ã¥utç5, 1922
Rauh{a¡ f£Á (1923-25) Jt§f¥g£l M©L - #dtç 1, 1923
é°tghu gšfiy¡ fHf¤ij bjhl§»dh® - uŪÂueh¤ jhT®
uhZ£ça Ra« nrt¡ r§f¤Âid (1925-RSS) Jt¡»at® - K.B.bA£nAht® (eh¡ó®)
Ï®é‹ Ãuò (1926-31)
irk‹ FG ãakd«- 1927,
g®njhè r¤ah»uf¤Âid (1928-29) el¤Âat® - tšyghŒ g£nlš
yhyh y#g uhŒ Ïw¥ò – et«g® 17, 1928
m©zhkiy gšfiy¡ fHf« bjhl§f¥g£l tUl« -1928
rhujh r£l« bfh©L tu¥g£l
yhT® fh§»u° khehL – 1929 (jiyik J.L.neU) ó®z Rauh{a« m¿é¡f¥g£lJ
j©oah¤Âiu 12 kh®¢ 1930 bjhl§» 24 eh£fŸ 6 V¥uš 1939š j©oæš fhªÂaofŸ
c¥ò fhŒ¢Ádh®
».Ã.1939š Kjš t£l nkir khehL eilbg‰wJ.
r£l kW¥ò Ïa¡f« 1930
fhªÂ Ï®é‹ x¥gªj« - kh®¢ 5, 1931
Ïu©lh« t£l nkir khehL – 1931
gf¤Á§, uh#FU, R¡nj› ö¡»èl¥g£l M©L – kh®¢ 23, 1931
btè§l‹ Ãuò (1831-16)
tF¥ò thç ÃuÂã¤Jt¤Âid uh«nr bk¡blhdhšL m¿Kf« brŒjh®( 16.8.1932)
ódh x¥gªj« (fhªÂ – m«ng¤fh®) – br¥l«g® 24,1932
1933š igfhuh Ú® ä‹ r¡Â £l« ãiwnt¿aJ
_‹wh« t£l nkir khehL eilbg‰w M©L - 1932
ϪÂa muR r£l« ãiwnt‰w¥g£l M©L 1935
çr®› t§» (RBI) 1935š Jt¡f¥g£lJ
k¤Âæš mid¤ÂªÂa T£lh£Áæid cUth¡»aJ (All india Federation)
ϪÂahéèUªJ g®kh Ãç¡f¥g£l M©L 1935

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 fhÁfh TET ifnaL fhÁfh Ïytr TNPSC /TET mfhlä, TlYh®.
blšèæš T£lh£Á ÚÂk‹w¤Âid ãWéat® btè§fl‹
è‹è¤njh Ãuò (1936-44)
fhªÂíahš th®jh fšéKiw (m) Mjhu fšé¤Â£l« m¿Kf¥gL¤j¥g£l M©L –
m¡nlhg® 1937
Ïu©lh« cyf¥ngh® bjhl¡f« - 1939
Ïu©lh« cyf¥ nghçš ÏªÂahit <LgL¤Âaij f©o¤J fh§»u° mik¢ruitfŸ
Ïuhídhkh brŒj M©L or«g® 22, 1939
Mf°£ e‹bfhil m¿é¤j M©L 1940
jåeg® r¤Âah»uf¥ nghuh£l« m¡nlhg® 17 1940
jåeg® r¤Âah»uf¥ nghuh£l¤Âš ifjhd Kjš eg® M¢rhçah éndhgh ghnt
kh®¢ 23, 1940 M« M©L eilbg‰w yhT® K°Ä« Ä¡ kheh£oš jå K°Ä« ehL
nfhç¡if it¤j m«kheh£o‹ jiyt® - KfkJ mè í‹dh
»ç¥° öJ¡FG ϪÂahé‰F tUif òçªj M©L 1942
ϪÂa njÁa fh§»u° K«ig kheh£o‹ Ô®khd¥go (1942) “btŸisand btënaW”
Ïa¡f¤Â‰F jiyikna‰wt® fhªÂí.
“Âthyh» bfh©oU¡F« t§»æ‹ Ë njÂæ£l fhnrhiy” vd
»ç¥° öJ¡FGé‹ m¿¡ifia g‰¿ ék®Á¤jt® fhªÂí
jå K°Ä« eh£o‰F gh»°jh‹ v‹W bga® it¤jt® - ufk¤ mè
“ Mf°L òu£Áæ‹ fjheha»” vd miH¡f¥g£lt®- mUzh Mr¥ mè
fhªÂíahš éLjiy¡fhd filÁ¥ nghuh£l« vd m¿é¡f¥g£l nghuh£l« -
btŸisand btënaW Ïa¡f«
1935š (Indian Struggle) vdJ ϪÂa¥ nghuh£l« v‹w üiy (Rarçij) vGÂat®
nejhí Rgh° rªÂungh°. gh®nth®L Ãsh¡ f£Áia bjhl§»at® - nejhí (1939)
ϪÂa njÁa ÏuhQt« (Mrh¤ 瘝 gÎ{ - Á§f¥ó®) (Indian National Army)
ãWt¥g£l M©L #]iy 1943
“c§fŸ cÂu¤ij bfhL§fŸ, eh‹ c§fS¡F RjªÂu¤ij bg‰W jUnt‹” vd
T¿at® - nejhí

nttš Ãuò (1944-47)

ϪÂahéš Ïil¡fhy muir ãWt têtF¤j £l« - nfÃd£ £l«
Ïil¡fhy muR¡F jiyik jh§»at® - #tf®yhš neU
nfÃd£ äîå‹ (3ng® bfh©l FG) jiyt® - bg¤Â‹ yhu‹° Ãuò (°lhngh®L
»ç¥°, bg¡ yhu‹°, V.é. mby¡rh©l®)
fšf¤jhéš K°Ä« Ä¡ neuo elto¡if ehshf m¿é¤j ehŸ – Mf°L 16, 1946
òJ blšèæš Kj‹Kjyhf muÁayik¥ò mit T£l¥g£l M©L – or«g® 9, 1946
1947 Ã¥utç 20š Ãç£oZ Ãujk® m£è #]‹ 1948‰FŸ mid¤J mÂfhu§fS«
ϪÂahél« x¥gil¡f¥gL« v‹W m¿é¤jh®.
bks©£ng£l‹ Ãuò (1947-48)
ϪÂahé‰F RjªÂu« tH§f gçªJiu brŒj £l« bks©£ ng£l‹ £l«
ϪÂahit ϪÂah, gh»°jh‹ vd ÏUehLfshf Ãç¡f Mnyhrid tH§»a £l« -
bks©£ ng£l‹ £l«
gh»°jh‹ éLjiy Md ehŸ – Mf°L 14-1947
ϪÂah éLjiy Md ehŸ - Mf°L 15-1947

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 fhÁfh TET ifnaL fhÁfh Ïytr TNPSC /TET mfhlä, TlYh®.
ϪÂahé‹ filÁ itÁuhŒ – bks©£ ng£l‹ Ãuò
Ãç£oZ ϪÂahé‹ filÁ itÁuhŒ k‰W« RjªÂu ϪÂahé‹ Kjš ft®d® b#duš
– bks©£ ng£l‹ Ãuò
ϪÂahé‰F RjªÂu« tH§»a ϧ»yhªJ Ãujk® - m£è Ãuò (bjhêyhs® f£Á)
Kj‹ Kjèš RjªÂu ϪÂahé‹ mnrhf r¡fu« g¡f¥g£l _t®z bfhoia
V‰¿at®- bks©£ ng£l‹ Ãuò
“ Ϫj eŸëuÎ neu¤Âš cyfnk cw§» bfh©oU¡ifæš ÏªÂah RjªÂukhf
thœtj‰fhd éê¤J bfhŸ»wJ” vd T¿at® #tA®yhš neU.
ϪÂa éLjiy Ïa¡f« - Kjš ãiy
fhªÂ¡F Kªija rfh¥j« ».à 1885 - ».Ã. 1919
njÁa Ïa¡f« njh‹Wtj‰fhd fhuz§fŸ
1857 M« M©L òu£Á
1857 M« M©L njh‹¿a khbgU« fyf« ml¡f¥g£lJ. Ïj‹ _y« ϪÂa®fs
M§»nya®fë‹ m£^êa§fŸ f©L m®¢Á milªÂUªjd®. Ïy¡fyf«
M§»nyaU¡F«, ϪÂaU¡F« Ïilna Ôuhj btW¥òz®itÍ«. gu°gu rªnjf
cz®itÍ« V‰gL¤ÂaJ. KGikahf xL¡f¥glhj Ï¡fyfk. njÁathj«
ky®tj‰F¡ fhuzkhf mikªJ Koéš ÏªÂa éLjiy¡F tê tF¤jJ.
ϪÂa njÁa fh§»u° njh‰w« - 1885
1885 M« M©L XŒÎ bg‰w M§»y mÂfhçahd My‹ M¡nléa‹Aô« v‹gtç‹
Mnyhrid ngçš ÏªÂa njÁa fh§»u° njh‰Wé¡f¥g£lJ.
fh§»uÁ‹ Kjš T£l« W.C. ghd®í jiyikæš K«ikæš eilbg‰wJ.
ϪÂah KGtÂYäUªJ 72 ÃuÂãÂfŸ Ï«kheh£oš fyªJ bfh©ld®. jhjhghŒ
besnuhí, RnuªÂeh¤ ghd®í, kj‹nkhf‹ khséah,
1887, 1894,1898,1903,1908,1914, k‰W« 1927 (1955 Avadi) M»a M©Lfëš kheh£L¡
T£l« br‹idæš eilbg‰wd.
äjthÂfŸ
fh§»uÁ‹ jiyt®fshf RnjªÂueh¤, ghd®í, jhjhghŒ besnuhí, bgnuhõ nk¤jh.
. nfhghy»UZz nfhfny, v«.í.uhdnl ngh‹nwh® és§»d® äjthÂfë‹
nfhç¡iffŸ muÁaš âir nghš cŸsJ vd¡ fh§»uÁš ÏUªj Ïisa
jiyKiwæd® t®â¤jd®.
ÔéuthÂfŸ
fh§»uÁš xU Ãçéd® äjthÂfë‹ mQFKiwæš e«Ã¡ifÏHªjd®.
Mt®fëš K¡»akhdt®fŸ ghyf§fhju Âyf® (ghš), yhyhy#gÂuhŒ (yhš), ÃË
rªÂughš (ghš), muéªj nfhZ M»nah® Mt®.
nyfhkh‹a Âyf®, kuh¤Âæš nfrç v‹w g¤Âç¡if _y« Ãç£oõhç‹
bfhŸiffis¢ rhodh®, ‘Rauh{a« vdJ Ãw¥òçik, mij milªnj Ôunt‹’ v‹W
KG§»dh®. Mt® fzg k‰W« Áthí g©oiffŸ_y« njÁa cz®it¤
ö©odh®.
f®r‹ ( 1899 – 1905)
gŠr ãthuz¡ FG x‹iwmik¤jh®.
1905 M« M©L f®r‹ Ãuò t§fhs¥ Ãçéidia nk‰bfh©lh®.
»H¡F t§fhs« k‰W« mrhik Ïiz¤J lh¡fhit jiyefuhf¡ bfh©L xU
khfhzkhfΫ, nk‰F t§fhs« k‰W« Õfhiu Ïiz¤J fšf¤jhit jiyefuhf¡

45 m.RnuZ Fkh® MSc.BEd,9894006772