GE 07 Prelims To Finals

Divine Word College of Bangued
Bangued, Abra
College Department
Module in ART APPRECIATION

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTANCY
Course Code: G. E. 07
Course Title: Art Appreciation
Unit Credit: 3 units
Contact Hours/Week: 3 hours
Pre-requisite: None
Course Description:
ARTS OF FINE LIVING is an introduction to the extensive study of the humanities, it is primarily
Intended for the freshmen college students, particularly those pursuing the arts, sciences and techno-
Logical courses. Their exposure to the arts is imperative because science and technology alone are not
adequate to make them truly educated and humane. As Salvador Gonzales puts it, Science educates our
minds, hearts and the humanities educate our feelings and sensitiveness so we may use our minds
without forgetting that we were human beings. The study of the humanities has its proper place in the
“Education of men as a means of humanizing him.”
Nowadays, great emphasis is placed on scientific and technological knowledge as well as on

vocational courses. The aim is to prepare the students for their life’s career. Amidst these educational
preparation, students join protest movements against some government and non-government
organizations. These protest movements maybe interpreted as a manifestation of man’s desire for a
better and humane life. It is felt that the humanities should have a dominant role in the education of the
modern man. Even if he may possess a high degree of scientific, technical and specialized skills, he may
be wanting in appreciating the world in which he lives. Its importance is underscored by Senator.
Leticia R. Shahani’s words, “Build the people, build the nation.”
In this time of enlightenment, the school curriculum plays a significant role in instilling in the young
that there is aesthetic beauty not only in the artists’ works, but also in our ordinary environment. There
is abundance of them like beautiful color combinations and symmetry of things around us. Let us bear in
mind what a French writer has aptly says in these line:
“Every landscape has something to offer on a cloudy day or in the dreariest month of the year.
When you are tired and lonely and bored or in a mood to experience something truly uplifting, look out
of the window or take a walk. Collecting the beautiful is like collecting the famous paintings or jewels of
great worth. When you start this hunt, you will make many unusual finds like a path lined with stories
and females with a wonder of shapes and designs. Countless simple scenes and new vistas may open up
to enrich your mind. Your world will never again be drab. Life will become more rewarding. You may
RVED 07 Art Appreciation

This module is a property and is exclusively used by the DWCB College Department. Any duplication and reproduction, storing in
any retrieval system, distribution, posting or uploading online as well as transmitting in any form or means (photocopying& electronic
sharing) of any part, without prior written permission from the owner is strictly prohibited.
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write, paint or compose a song. In your heart and mind, you will create a change that will be nothing less
than a masterpiece.”
Interlinked in the arts and humanities concepts and information on the various chapters on visual
arts, architecture, sculpture, music and dance and art of literature are the rich contributions on the
Philippine scenario along the subjects covered.
While it is true that foreign arts and culture are embed in this manuscript, the Filipino student should
know their very own in order to appreciate their own environment in the arts.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the semester, students are expected to:
1. Define the different sub-topics under this subject.

2. Identify the different factors involved in the production of finished outputs in areas of concern.
3. Appreciate the beauty of arts.
4. Engage themselves in the different areas/activities of arts.
Topic 1:
The National Artists of the Philippines
There are many significant Filipino artists who have made a mark for the development of Filipino
Society.
Many of them have made significant contributions in their own fields, earning them the Order of
National Artists. It has been established by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No.1001 s. 1972, and aims
“to give appropriate recognition and prestige to Filipinos who have distinguished themselves and made
outstanding contributions to Philippine arts and letters.” The Order of National Artists is the highest
award conferred by the President of the Philippines to the nation’s artists.
The categories for the Order of National Artists are music, dance, theater, visual arts, literature, film
and broadcast arts, and architecture or allied arts.
The Awarding of the Order is administered by the Order of the National Artists Secretariat – NCCC
and CCP – and is conferred by the President of the Philippines every three years. Cultural organizations,
educational institutions, and private foundations and councils may submit nominations. The secretariat
then screens and deliberates these nominations before submitting a list of awardees and will then issue
a proclamation, conferring the rand and title on the awardees.
To qualify, the National Artists have the following criteria:
1. `1. Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time of nomination, as well as those who died
after the establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death.

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2. Artists who, through the content and form of their works, have contributed in building a Filipino
sense of nationhood;
3. Artists who have pioneered in a mode of creative expression of style, thus earning distinction
and making an impact on succeeding generations of artists.
4. Artists who have created a substantial and significant body of work and/or consistently
displayed excellence in the practice of their art form, thus enriching artistic expression or style;
and
5. Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through.
a. Prestigious national and/or international recognition, such as Gawad, CCP Para sa Sining,
CCP Thirteen Artists Award, NCCA Alab ng Haraya;
b. Critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works.
c. Respect and esteem from peers.
The first Order (then was the National Artist Award) was given in 1972 and the lone awardee was realist
painter Fernando Amorsolo. The next year, seven artists were bestowed the prestigious award: Carlos
“Botong” Francisco for visual arts; Francisca R. Aquino for dance; Amado V. Hernandez for literature;
Antonio J. Molina for music; Juan F. Napkil for architecture; Guillermo E. Tolentino for sculpture; and
Jose Garcia Villa for literature.
Enhancement Activity/Outcome:
1. Aside from the list of National Artists above, identify some based on category.

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Topic 2:
Music
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
1. Define the word music.

2. Know the types of music, its properties, its elements and the roles of music in their lives.
3. Identify the different kinds of music.
Instructional Material/s:
a. Handouts
b. Books
c. Teaching-Learning Activity/Lesson Proper:
Music is an art sound in time that expresses ideas and emotions in significant forms through the
elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, and color.
The Types of Music:
1. Jazz Music – This kind of music has its root in Southern United States. It originated as gospel
and blues music of the Deep South. It is often identified by its strong and prominent meter’. Its
pitch and timbre are often distorted in it also employs a vary degree of improvisations. The
forceful rhythm of jazz has a broader scope as it is extended by every mew artists of a specific
generation.
2. Hip Hop – This is another famous music which gained momentum in South Bronx of New York
during the 1970s. Hip hop and Rap are often used interchangeable, as in rap the music is
excluded from hip hop and the verbal part is kept. Its elements are graffiti art, rapping which
refers to uttering rhymes over a beat, and being a DJ. It covers a broad spectrum of Rap music
covering rap styles like Commercial Rap, South African rap, Underground era, etc. Vocalists like
Ray Charles and Ruth Brown made it popular during the 50s.
3. Rock and Roll – It is mainly a dance music which originated in 1950s. It is admired for its strong
beat but simple melodies. Alan Freed, a DJ is credited for inventing the term rock ‘n’ roll with
his radio program. It has evolved from combinations of music like blues, jazz, country music and
gospel music. Elvis Presley is known as the king of Rock and Roll.
4. Rock Music – This has its root in rock and roll and pop music. It gained momentum during the
1960s. Rock and roll is derived from rock music, and therefore many times rock and roll form is
considered to be the same as rock. Instruments like guitar, drums and bass are used with a

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strong vocal melody in rock style. It is usually created with a strong back beat. Rock music is
nearly inseparable with guitar as it is played around the guitars mainly.
5. Blues – This music is associated with the sorrow songs of the slaves. It has been the base for
many types of music. It has been framed by the combination of African and Western cultures,
which took place in the Southern region of America. It took a toll on cities like New Orleans and
Memphis. Usually, blues are sung by a person with his guitar.
6. Country – This music has its root in Southern United States and Appalachian Mountains. This
music developed in the 1930s and combined elements from a variety of music like Celtic music,
traditional folk music, blues, gospel music and old time music. It is a combination of styles
tracing its roots in the folk dances and British ballad. This music is based on traditions and are
usually developed around three chords with a basic plain melody.
7. Pop Music – Pop stands for popular. This music has no particular set of rules to be followed to
be placed in this category; still it is closely associated with rock and roll styles. The essential
requirement is that the music should be favored or liked by the listeners. This pop music is
targeted for a wide audience. The commercial success of the music is also a parameter to judge
a pop song. Pop music is characterized by its song made up of verse and repeated chorus.
8. R & B – It stands for Rhythm and Blues. The term is considered to be firstly used by Billboard
magazine in the 1940s.
9. Folk Music – This music totally belongs to the traditions. It is often gifted from one generation
to the next. Most of the tunes or music have unknown original authors. This music is powerful
as it goes through some modification while passing through the generations’ where its
memorable part further gets stronger.
10. Fusion – This music genre is different from other types, as it includes all the genres which have
taken their core elements from some other genres, and have combined these components to
form a distinctive new style.
The Properties of Music:
1. Pitch – is the location of a tone in the musical scale in relation to high or low. Therefore, it
refers to the highness or lowness of a tone.
2. Duration – this property of sound depends on the length of time over which vibration is
maintained. Tones are not only high or low but also short or long.
3. Volume – this refers to force or percussive effects as a result of which the term strikes.
4. Timbre or tone color – this is the individual quality of a sound produced by other instruments.
5. Range – as instruments has to do with the total number of tones it can produce from highness
to lowest and is determined largely by the size of the instrument.

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The Elements of Music:
1. Rhythm – is the most basic element of which is the overall movement or swing.
2. Melody – while rhythm is associated imaginations with physical motion, melody is associated
with mental motion.
3. Harmony – is the simultaneous sounding of two or more tones.
4. Texture – is relatively thin air seems to circulate freely between the tones and what each
instrument is doing can clearly be heard.
5. Timbre – music is the quality of sound produce by a particular medium of tone production.
6. Dynamics – means the force of percussive effects or degree of loudness and softness.
7. Style – refers to the composers’ or singers’ way of doing his/her part.
The Roles of Music in Our Lives:
Music is one of the greatest creations of humankind in the course of history. It is the creativity in a pure
and individual form and formal ways. Music plays a vital role in our daily life which gives us relief in pain
and health.
1. Give at least 5 reasons why people sing.
2. In 3 to 5 sentences, explain this statement: “Why do people cry when they hear the words they
say in a love song?”

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Topic 3
Dance:
Objectives:
1. Define what dance is all a bout

2. Identify the types of a dance and its elements
3. Give the reasons why people dance
Instructional Material/s
Handouts
Teaching – Learning Activity/Lesson Proper:
Dance – involves a successive group of bodily motions and steps rhythmically performed and timed to
music. It is to be the oldest of arts. Throughout the ages, the dancing body has inspired the musician,
the sculptor, and the painter. The drama of most countries starts in their dances. For these reasons it
has been called the mother of arts.
Dancing is both an art and a form of recreation. As an art, a dance may tell a story, set a mood or
express an emotion. A ballet dancer’s movements, for example, can effectively portray the sharp and sly
movement of wolf or the light and graceful movement of Red Riding Hood.
As form of recreation, dancing has long provided fun, relaxation, and companionship. On the Filipino
frontier.
Filipino frontier, for example, the Rigodon de Honor dance gave pioneer families a welcome chance to
socialize. Today, dancing at a party remain a popular way for people to enjoy themselves and make new
friends.
The Reasons Why People Dance:
1. Dancing has been used in worship

2. Dancing also played a role in courtship
3. Children dance because of the joy they feel
4. Some believe that dance bring them magic powers
5. They danced to bring victory
6. To restore health to life

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7. For companionship
8. They dance to have fun or to entertain others
9. Dancing may be effective means of communication
10. They dance to express their feelings such as joy, anger or helplessness without saying a
word
11. They dance to release tension in our body
The Kinds of Dancing:
Varied in form, the dance may be performed for religious, magical; commemorative, ceremonial,
recreational, or entertainment purposes.
Some types which are important are the following:
1. Ethnologic Dane – dance which native to a specific race or ethnic group. It includes folk dancing
because folk dances are often derived from ethnic dances. These dances are associated with
national and cultural groups. Folk dancing is a form of social dancing that has become a part of
the customs and traditions of the people.
Folk dances can be learned a great deal about the culture of the people, their beliefs, interested desires
and habits.
Folk dancing of today has undergone much refinement from a more lusty and uninhibited dancing to a
more refined orderly dancing. It characterizes a particular region, typically the life-style of its people.
Some of the Filipino folk dances are the following:
1. Tinikling – is our national dance. All attired in native apparel, the balintawak and barong
tagalog, the onlookers cheer as a couple dance, skipping between poles, initiating the lively
movements of the Tinikling birds.
2. Alcamfor – is a dance that suggests the exotic aroma of scented handkerchiefs with which
the ladies tease the gentlemen. The dignified movement is reminiscent the French minuet.
3. Banga – literally means claypot, used as water or food containers. These are balanced on
the head of the Igorot women as they wind up and down the mountains.
4. Bilaan – is a dance that depicts the lively, simple movements of birds in flight and as they
screen themselves beautifully portrayed tribal madens. Costumes worn are typical ethnic
tribe from Cotabato.
5. Itik-Itik – is a Philippine native dance interpreting the playfulness of duckling wading in the
river. In the background stands the words most perfect cone-shaped volcano, Mayon.
6. Jota Cavitena – A dance that shows strong Spanish influence. Costume is elaborately
embroidered “Maria Clara” and “Barong Tagalog”. Castanets, fashioned from bamboo,
provides clacking sounds adding to the lilting music.
7. Pandanggo sa Sabalilo – is a flirtatious dance Bulacan. He tries to show off by picking tha hat
from the ground without using the hands

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8. Sayaw Ed Tapew Na Bangko – a dance wherein a couple “showing off” their skills while
dancing on top of a long narrow bench.
9. Singkil – is a famous dance from Mindanao. The princess, the prince and their retinue in a
pose of the Singkil. This is an intricate dance where the dancers’ feet apart. Precariously in
in out of a complicated pattern of claking baqmboo poles.
10. Ifugao dance – this depicts a mountain tribe of the Philippines dancing to the sound of the
“gangsa” (brass gong).
2. Ocial or ballroom dances – these are a popular type of dancing generally performed by pairs.
They include such forms of waltz, fox, swing and old favorites such as the cha-cha, boogie, tango
as well as the latest rock dances. Most of them have specific steps and rhythm but many newer
ones allow the dancers to compose their own movements as they dance.
3. Theatrical or spectacular dance – this is so called because it is performed for the entertainment
of spectators. Theatrical dancing includes the ballet, modern dance, musical comedy dance and
tap dancing. Theatrical dancers may take personal satisfaction in creating something beautiful.
The Elements of a Dance:
1. Theme – it is the content of the main ingredient of the dance

2. Design – it refers to the planned organization or pattern of movements in time and space.
3. Movement - - it is the action of dancers as they use their bodies to create organized patterns.
4. Technique – this skill is executive movement. It is a technically proficient dance that has
complete control over the muscles of the body.
5. Music – it is something melodic and harmonious usually used as accompaniment. Music
motivates the movements of the dancers.
6. Costume and properties – these are the elements of costumes and properties contributing to
the dance which acquire related closely to the beliefs and environment of the people.
7. Choreography - the people dance impulsively. The dance is usually associated with intense
excitement.
8. Scenery – this is the setting or background established the place of action of any dance to make
it more realistic and beautiful.

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Topic 4:
Theater:
Objectives:
1. define the word theater/theatre

2. identify the elements and roles of theater in their lives
3. enumerate the forms of Philippine theater
Instructional material/s:
Handout/s:
Teaching-Learning Activity/Lesson Proper:
Theater – is a building where plays/shows are performed on stage.
The Elements of a Theater:
1. What is performed – the types of activities to be shown.

2. The performance – this translates the potential of a script, scenario or plan into actuality.
The key components of the performance include:
Performance space – where the performance takes place and what the relationship is between
The performers and the audience.
Artistic collaboration – how the playwright, director, designers, and others work together to create the
performance.
Theatrical elements – these are the scenery, costumes, music, lighting, and other effects that contribute
to the performance.
3. The audience – completes the cycle of creation/communication. They provide immediate

feedback to the performers.
The 3-wqy interaction:
a. Performers-audience
b. Audience-performers
c. Audience-audience

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The Roles of Theater in Our Life”
1. Human beings – are the only animal species that can create theater.
2. Self-expression – it teaches us how to express ourselves more effectively. It develops our
ability to communicate our thoughts and feelings to others, improving our relationships and
improving the world around us.
3. Self-knowledge – it helps us to understand how our minds and the minds of others work. It
helps us to see hoe the environment in which we live affects who we are and who we will
become.
4. History – it is a great way to learn about history. It makes history come alive right before
our eyes.
5. The body – this is the center of every digital transaction.
6. Globalization – it helps us understand people from cultures other than our own.
7. Self-empowerment – performance permeates every aspect of our everyday lives. Power
relationships are constructed through performances.
8. Social change – there is a cultural space where society examines itself in a mirror. Theater
has long been looked at as a laboratory in which we can study the problems that confront
society and attempt to solve those problems.
9. Education – it is a great way to learn. It teaches us about people, places, and ideas to which
we would not otherwise be exposed.
10. Creativity – it helps us to develop our creativity and resourcefulness.s
The Examples of Philippine Theater:
1. Tanghalang Pambansa (Natioanl Theater) – located at the Cultural Center of the Philippines
Complex – Roxas Boulevard corner Pedro Bukaneg Streets, Pasay City which was opened in
69.
2. Adamson University Theater – located at Ermita, Manila which was opened in l995.
3. Aliw Theater – located at Vicente Sotto Street, CCP Complex, Pasay City which was opened
in 2002.
4. Kia Theater – located at the Araneta Center, Cubao, Quezon City which was opened in 1965.
5. Metropolitan Theater – located at Arroceros Street corner Padre Burgos Street, Ermita,
Manila which was opened in 1931.
6. New Frontier Theater –located at Araneta Center, Cubao, Quezon City which was opened in
1965.
7. Philam Life Theater – located at the United Nations Avenue corner Maria Orosa Street,
Ermita, M
Examples of Plays Shown in Philippine Theaters:
1. Bodabil –also known as vodavil, vaudeville or the stage show, which refers to a stage
presentation consisting of a variety of musical and comedy acts, skits and monologues,
novelty and acrobatic numbers, solos and chorus lines.

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2. Brechtian Theater – also known as an epic theater, or theater of instruction, which refers to one
type of Philippine theater influenced and inspired by Berto9lt Brecht (1898 – 1956). This is
principally characterized by a social and pedagogical orientation and a presentational style
which can employ mime,songs, dances, slides, stylized sets and costumes, typical characters and
stories taken from folklore, history, and other nonrealistic sources.
3. Carillo – which came from the Spanish carillo or “small cart” which refers refers to the little
open-air theaters of bamboo and to the shadow play shown in them in the late l9th century. I
was also known as potei, kikimut, and titire in Pampanga.s
4. Children’s Theater – which refers to plays with children as actors; or plays performed by adults
for children. The aims of children’s theater in the Philippines go beyond self-expression, towards
the encouragement of creativity and self-esteem, and beyond entertainment, towards value
formation and cultural formation (an appreciation of Philippine history, culture, and artistry).
5. Dapit – came from the Tagalog dapit or “to fetch”, which refers to the custom of fetching the
image of the patronsaint of the town or barangay on the eve or the day of the fiesta. Usually, a
group of men and women sometimes with flowers, fans or leaves in their hands – dance balitaw
or balse to the accompaniment of brass bands as they proceed to the house of the camarera or
caretaker of the saint’s image to welcome the image and escort it to the church or chapel
where it stays until it goes out in procession on the streets (called prosisyon) or on the river or
sea (called pagoda or karakul) on the day of the fiesta.
6. Drama – refers to one specific type of traditional play, which uses prose dialogue and focuses on
Filipino characters and situations.
7. Drama Simboliko – refers to allergorical drama, especially that which was called “seditious” by
the American Insular Government in the firsrt decade. S Most of thesde plays were banned, and
their playwrights jailed, because their “unmistakable tendency”, the American-dominated
Supreme Court decisio9n said, was to “inculcate a spirit of hatred and enmity against the
American people and the Government of the United States in the Philippines, and incite the
people0 of the Philippine islands to open and armed resistance to the constituted authorities,
and to induce them to conspire together for the secret organization of armed forces for the
purpose of overthrowing the present government and setting up another in its stead.
8. Dramatic Monologue – is a kind of modern play which features one actor speaking and acting
out his or her innermost thoughts and emotions as the main character of the play.
9. Dula-Tula –literally means “play-poem”; which refers to a minimalist form of theater and was
developed in the early 1970s by the University of the Philippines (UP) Repertory Company. It
consists of a poem which is dramatized by the use of a narrator, who reads out all the parts, and
oine, two, or more actors who mime all rhe roles and provide all the sounds and special effects.
10. Flores – came from a Spanish word whhich means “flowers”, also known as flores de Mayo
(flowers of May), flores de Maria (flowers of Mary) or alay (offering), which may refer to the
whole Flower Festival celebrated in the month of May in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary or to
the daily offering of flowers to the image of the Virgin or to the culminating grand procession of
the Virgin on the last Sunday of Maay.

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11. Hudas – refers to the ritual burning of the effigy of Judas Iscariot, held on Black Saturday
evening or on Easter Sunday morning in Pampanga and Cebu.
12. Huling Hapunan or ultima cena – which literally means “Last Supper” in Tagalog and Spanish
respectively, is an actual supper, held to commemorate CXhrist’s last supper with his apostles on
the night of the Holy Thursday.
13. Komedya –is a play in verse which may dramatize actual events, the lives of saints or stories
about Christians and/or Moorish royalty in the medieval kingdoms of Europe, Africa, and the
Middle East. This ancient and popular play is called komedya in most Christianized parts of the
country, but is also known locally as kuleleng in Isabela, bakal-bakal in Pangasinan, cumidya and
curaldal in Pampanga, kolokyo in Catanduanes, mopro-moro, linambay and minoros in Cebuano-
speaking provinces, and hadi-hadi in Leyte. Among the Tagalog, the komedya on the search of
the Holy Cross is called tibag, arakyo, kolokoyo, and Helena.
14. Salubong – came from the Tagalog word meaning “meeting” that dramatizes the meeting of the
grieving Mater Dolorosa or Sorrowful Mother and the Risen Christ on the first Easter Sunday
morning. It is easily one of the most popular of all Lenten playlets, the salubong is also known as
“sabet” in Ilocano, padafung in Ibanag, abet-abet in Pangasinan, pagsugat in Ilongo, sugat in
Cebuano and Waray, and encuentro or alleluia in many other Catholic and Aglipayan parishes.
15. Sinakulo - came from a Spanish word meaning “cenacle” or “supper room”, is a play presented
during the Lenten season and especially during Holy Week, which dramatizes the history of
salvation – from the creation of the world, Adam and Eve, to the life and passion, death and
resurrection of Jesus Christ.
16. Soledad – meaning “solitude” or “loneliness” in Spanish, which is a lte-night procession that
dedpicts the loneliness of the Blessed Virgin Mary after she buries her son, Jesus. After the Good
Friday procession of the Sabto Entierro or Holy Burial, the image of the Mater Dolorosa or
Sorrowful Mother in black comes out of the church at about 10 p.m., preceded by the images of
Sam Pedro, Maria Jacobe, Maria Salome, Maria Magdalena, and San Juan, and accompanied by
a brass band, or, as inBaao, Camarines Sur, an estudiantina or group of young students wearing
cardboard tricone (three-cornered) hats playing brass and percussion (including panderetas)
instruments.s
Enhancement Activity/Out come:
1. Submit individually at least 2 stage plays aside from those given above with brief description
during the face-to-face learning.
References:
Books/Handouts

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Topic 5:
Visual Arts:
Objectives:
1. Define if what are visual arts

2. Identify the elements of visual arts
3. Enumerate and appreciate the types of visual arts
Hnadout
Teaching Learning Activity/Lesson Proper”
Visual Arts – are art forms that are primarily visual in nature, such as painting, photography, printmaking
and filmmaking.
The Elements of Visual Arts:
1. Line – is the path of a moving point through space. It may indicate direction, texture, colors,
or movement.
2. Shape – is the area enclosed by a line or other shapes. Shapes may be geometric (triangle,
rectangle, circle. . .) or have an organic or natural character (trees, leaves, rocks,
puddles . . .).
a. Hue – is the name given to different wave lengths of light from the visual spectrum.
b. Value – is the degree of lightness or darkness of a thing.
c. Intensity – is the amount of pigment or saturation. The bright a color the more pigment
it contains.
3. Form – is a three-dimensional (length, height, and depth of volume) shapes.
4. Space – is the area occupied by an object or the area formed by the absence of an object.
5. Rhythm – is patterned organization of colors, lines, textures, or combinations of art
elements that create a pleasing effect. A visual rhythm will lead the eye from one area to
another in a rhythmical and orderly manner.
6. Balance – is the perception of equilibrium between the elements in a piece of art.
7. Emphasis – is the focal point of interest in a piece created by accenting or exaggerating a
specific area or art elements to create greater interest.

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8. Contrast – isthe comparison of two elements that appear different (values of light and dark,
hues . . ). Strong contrasts are the most dissimilar examples of an art element (dark – light,
black – white).
9. Unity – is the perception of the parts of a piece and their relationship with the dominant or
unifying element.
The Types of Visual Arts:
1. Representational Art – aims to represent actual objects or subjects from reality. The forms
Of representationalism represent actual subjects from reality.
2. Abstract Art – They often misunderstood the type of art known as abstraction that aims to
take objects from reality but present them in a way that is different from the way they are
viewed in our reality. This may take the form of emphasizing lines, shapes, or colors that
transform the subject. Abstraction can also happen when the artist decides to view the
subjects in a non-traditional manner.
3. Non-objective Art – this is often mistaken from abstract art although it is entirely different
from it. Non-objective art takes nothing from reality. It is created purely for aesthetic
reasons.
1. Which of the different colors of the prism do you like most and why?
2. Limit your discussion in 3 – 5 sentences.
References:
Books/Handouts
Internet

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Topic 6:
Literature:
Objectives:
1. define literature
2. understand why literature is important
3. identify the main genres of literature
Hand out
Literature – represents the culture and tradition of a language or a people. The concept is difficult to
precisely define, though many have tried, but it is clear that the accepted definition of literature is
constantly changing and evolving.
Definitions of Literature According to Different Authors:
1. Henry Van Dyke
“Literature consists of those writing which interpret the meanings of nature and life, in words of charm
and power, touched with the personality of the author, in artistic forms of permanent interest.”
2. Imam Ja’ al-Sadiq (Muslim Scholar and Philosopher)

“Literature is the garment which one puts on what he says or writes so that it may appear more
attractive.”
3. Roman Jakobson (Russian Formalist)

“Literature is an organized violence committed on ordinary speech.”
4. Ezra Pound
“Great literature is simply a language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree.”
5. Salman Rushdie

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“Literature is where I go to explore the highest and lowest places in human society and in the human
spirit, where I hope to find not absolute truth but the truth of the tale, of the imagination and of the
heart.”
6. G. K. Chesterton
“Literature is a luxury, fiction is a necessity.”
7. C. S. Lewis
“Literature adds to reality, it does not simply describe it. It enriches the necessary competencies that
daily life requires and provides, and in this respect, it irrigates the deserts that our lives have already
become.”
8. Henry Miller
“Develop interest in life as you see it, in people, things, literature, music – the world is so rich, simply
throbbing with rich treasures, beautiful souls and interesting people. Forget yourself.”
9. Alfred North Whitehead

“It is literature that the concrete outlook of humanity receives its expression.”
10. E. M. Forster
“What is wonderful about great literature is that it transforms the man who reads it towards the
condition of the man who wrote.”
The 5 Main Genres of Literature:
1 .Poetry – this is often considered the oldest form of literature. Before writing was invented, oral
stories were commonly put into some sort of poetic form to make them easier to remember and recite.
Poetry today is usually written down, but is still sometimes performed.
2. Prose - it can be defined as any kind of written text that is not poetry (which means drama which
is technically a type of prose). The most typical varieties of prose are novels and short stories,
while other types include letters, diaries, journals, and non-fiction. Prose is written in complete
sentences and organized paragraphs. Instead of focusing sound, which is what poetry does,
prose tends to focus on plot and characters.
3. Drama – any text meant to be performed rather than read can be considered drama unless it is
a poem meant to be performed. In layman’s terms, dramas are usually called plays. Of all the
genres of literature, drama is the one given the least time in most classrooms.
4. Non-Fiction – Poetry and drama both belong to the broader category of fiction-texts that
feature events and characters that have been made up. Non-fiction can be creative, such as the
personal essay, or factual, such as the scientific paper. Sometimes the purpose of non-fiction is
to tell a story (hence the autobiography), but most of the time the purpose is to pass on
information and educate the reader about certain facts, ideas, and/or issues.

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5. Media – the newest type of literature that has been defined as a distinct genre is media. This
categorization was created to encompass the many new and important kinds of texts in our
society today, such as movies and films, websites, commercials, billboards, and radio programs.
Media literature can serve a wide variety of purposes-among other things it can educate,
entertain, advertise, and/or persuade.
Other Types of Literature:
a. Oral Literature- the oldest type of literature, and the foundation on which culture was built.
Now most oral texts have been written down, of course, and are usually taught in the form of
epic or plays or folk tales.
b. Folklore/Folk Tales/Fables – most folk tales were originally oral literature, and are short stories
meant to pass on a particular lesson or moral. They often have a timeless quality, dealing with
common human concerns that are just relevant to us today, while still being products of a very
specific culture and time period.
c. Graphic Novels and Comic Books – it is used to be that most educators saw comic books as the
lowest form of literature, not suitable or valuable for children. But time have changed, and
many teachers have come to realize that comic books and the more modern graphic novels are
both appealing to kids and are a valid form of literature in their own right.
1. On a whole sheet of paper and in 3 – 6 sentences, write something about yourself. e..g.
name,
Name, place of birth, etc.
References:
Handouts/books

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Topic 7:
Film and Broadcast Arts
Objectives:
1. define film and broadcasting

2. classify the different genres/types of film
3. appreciate the use of film and broadcasting arts
Handouts/Books
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio or video content or other messages to a dispersed audience via
any mass communication medium, but typically one using the electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves),
in a one-to-many model. Broadcasting began with AM radio, which came into popular use around 1920
with the spread of vacuum tube radio transmitters and receivers. Before this, all forms of electronic
communication (early radio, telephone, and telegraph) were one-to-one, with the message intended for
a single recipient. The term broadcasting, was borrowed from the agricultural method of sowing seeds
in a field by casting them broadly about by a historian George Clark around 1920 to distinguish this new
activity of “one-to-many communication; a single radio station transmitting to multiple listeners.
|The Methods Used for Broadcasting Electronic Media Audio and Video to the General Public:
Telephone broadcasting – (1881-1932) the earliest form of electronic broadcasting (not counting data
services offered by stock telegraph companies from 1867, if tickertapes are excluded from the
definition). Telephone broadcasting began with the advent of Theatrophone (Theater Phone) systems,
which were telephone-based distribution systems allowing subscribers to listen to live opera and
theatre performances over telephone lines, created by a French inventor Clement Ader in 1881.
Telephone broadcasting also grew to include telephone newspaper services for news and entertainment
programming which were introduced in the 1890s, primarily located in large European cities. These
telephone-based subscription services were the first examples of electrical/electronic broadcasting and
offered a wide variety of programming.

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2. Radio broadcasting – (experimentally from 1906, commercially from 1920); audio signals
sent through the air waves from a transmitter, picked up by an antenna and sent to a
receiver. Radio stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast common radio
programs, either in broadcast syndication, simulcast or subchannels.
3. Television broadcasting (telecast) – experimentally from 1925, commercially from the
1930s, an extension of radio to include video signals.
4. Cable radio – (also called “cable FM”, from 1928) and cable television (from 1932), both via
coaxial cable, originally serving principally as transmission media for programming produced
at either radio or television stations, but later expanding into a broad universe of cable-
originated channels.
5. Direct-broadcast satellite (DBS) – (from c. 1974) and satellite radio (from c.1990), meant for
direct-to-home broadcast programming (as opposed to studio network uplinks and
downlinks), provides a mix of traditional radio or television broadcast programming, or both,
with dedicated satellite radio programming.
6. Webcasting – of video/television a9from c. 1993) and audio (from c. 1994) streams; offers a
mix of traditional radio and television stations broadcast programming with dedicated
Internet radio and Internet television.
7. Webcasting – of video/television (from c. 1993) and audio/radio (from c. 1994) streams that
offers a mix of traditional radio and television station broadcast programming with
dedicated Internet radio and internet television.
There are several means of providing financial support for continuous broadcasting:
a. Commercial broadcasting – for profit, usually privately owned stations, channels, networks,
or services providing programming to the public, supported by the sale of time to
advertisers for radio or television advertisements during or in breaks between programs,
often in combination with cable or pay cable subscription fees.
b. Public broadcasting – usually non-profit, publicly owned stations or networks supported by
license fees, government funds, grants from foundations, corporate underwriting, audience
memberships, contributions, or a combination of these.
c. Community broadcasting – this is for the general public.
The Different Types of a Film:
1. Wow/Action – Action films usually include high energy, big-budget physical stunts and
chases, possibly with rescues, battles, fights, escapes, destructive crises (floods, explosions,
natural disasters, fires, etc.), non-stop motion, spectacular rhythm and pacing, and
adventurous, often two-dimensional ‘good-guy’ heroes (or recently, heroines) battling ‘bad
guys’ – all designed for pure audience escapism.
2. Adventure – these are films that are usually exciting stories, with new experiences or exotic
locales, very similar to or often paired with the action film genre.

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3. Comedy – these are light-hearted plots consistently and deliberately designed to amuse and
provoke laughter (with one-liners, jokes, etc.) by exaggerating the situation, the language,
action, relationships and characters.
4. Crime & Gangster – they were developed around the sinister actions of criminals or
mobsters, particularly bankrobbers, underworld figures, or ruthless hoodlums who operate
outside the law, stealing and murdering their way through life.
5. Drama – dramas are serious, plot-driven presentations, portraying realistic characters,
settings, life situations, and stories involving intense character development and interaction.
6. Epics/Historical - they include costume dramas, historical dramas, war films, medieval
romps, or period pictures that often cover a large expense of time set against a vast,
panoramic backdrop. Epics often share elements of the elaborate adventure films genre.
7. Horror – these are films designed to frighten and to invoke our hidden worst fears, often in
a terrifying shocking finale, while captivating and entertaining us at the same time in a
cathartic experience.
8. Musical/Dance – these cinematic forms that emphasize full-scale scores or song and dance
routines in a significant way (usually with a musical or dance performance integrated as part
of the film narrative), or they are films that are centered on combinations of music, dance,
song or choreography.
9. Science Fiction – Sci-fi films are often quasi-scientific, visionary and imaginative-complete
with heroes, aliens, distant planets, impossible quests, improbable settings, fantastic places,
great dark and shadowy villains, futuristic technology, unknown and unknowable forces, and
extraordinary monsters (things or creatures from space), either created by mad scientists or
by nuclear havoc.
10. War – (anti-war) films acknowledge the horror and heartbreak of war, letting the actual
combat fighting (against nations or humankind) on land, sea, or in the air provided the
primary plot or background for the action of the film.
11. Westerns – these are the major defining genre of the American film industry – a eulogy to
the early days of the expensive American frontier. They are one of the oldest, most enduring
genres with very recognizable plots, elements, and characters (siguns, horses, dusty towns
and trails, cowboys, Indians, etc.)
The Seven (7) Key Elements of Fiction:
1. Character
There are two meanings for the word character:
1. The person in a work of fiction.

2. The characteristics of a person.
Persons in a work of fiction – Antagonist and Protagonist

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One character is clearly central to a story with all major events having some connection to this
character. She/is the protagonist. The character in opposition to the main character is called the
antagonist.
The characteristic of a person. Characterization is the information the author gives the reader about the
characters themselves. The author may reveal a character in several ways:
a) His/her physical appearance

b) What he/she says, thinks, feels and dreams
c) What he/she does or does not do
d) What others say about him/her and how others react to him/her
Characters are convincing if they are :consistent, motivated and life-like (resemble real people.
Characters are:
1. Individual – round, many sided and complex personalities.

2. Developing – dynamic, many sided personalities that change (for better or worse) by the
end of the story.
3. Static – stereotypes, they have or two characteristics that never change and are often
over-emphasized.
2. Theme – the theme of a fable is its moral. The theme of a parable is its teaching. The theme
of a piece of fiction is its view about life and how people behave. You must figure out the
theme yourself. The writer’s task is to communicate on a common ground with the reader.
Here are some ways to uncover the theme in a story:
a. Check out the title. Sometimes it tells you a lot about the theme.;
b. Notice repeating patterns and symbols. Sometimes these lead you to the theme.
c. What allusions are made throughout the story?
d. What are the details and particulars in the story? What greater meaning may they have?
Remember that the, plot and structure are inseparable, all helping to inform and reflect back on each
other. Also, be aware that a theme we determine from a story never completely explains the story. It is
simply one of the elements that make up the whole.
3. Plot – is a causal sequence of events, the “why” for the things that happen in the story. The
plot draws the reader into the characters’ lives and helps the reader understand the choices
that the characters make. A plot structure is the way in which the story elements are
arranged. Writers vary structure depending on the needs of the story. For example, in a
mystery, the author will withhold plot exposition until later in the story.
What goes into a plot?:
a) Exposition – is the information needed to understand a story.

b) Complication- is the catalyst that begins the major conflict.

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c) Climax – is the turning point in the story that occurs when the characters try to resolve
the complication.
d) Resolution – is the set of events that bring the story to a close.
It is not always a straight line from the beginning to the end of the story. That someone is
telling the story from his or her point of view. This angle of vision, the point of view from which the
people, events and details of a story are viewed, is important to consider when reading a story.
The Types of Point of View:
a) Objective point of view – the writer tells what happens without stating more than can be
inferred from the story’s action and dialogue. The narrator never discloses anything
about what the characters think or feel, remaining a detached observer.
b) Third person point of view – here the narrator does not participate in the action of the
story as one of the characters, but lets us know exactly how the characters feel. We learn
about the characters through this outside voice.
c) First person point of view – the narrator does not participate in the action of the story.
When reading stories in the first person, we need to realize that what the narrator is
recounting might not be the objective truth. We should question the trustworthiness of
the accounting
D. Omniscient and limited omniscient point of view – a narrator who knows everything about all the
characters is all knowing, or omniscient. A narrator whose knowledge is limited to one character, either
major or minor, has a limited omniscient point of view.
5. Setting – a writer imagines a story to be happening in a place that is rooted in his or her mind. The
location of a story’s actions, along with the time in which it occurs, is the setting. Setting is created by
language. How many or how few details we learn is up to the author. Many authors leave a lot of these
details up to the reader’s imagination.
Some or all of these aspects of setting should be considered when examining a story:
a)Place – the geographical location. Where is the action of the story taking place?
b)Time – When is the story taking place? (historical period, time of day, year, etc.)
c)Weather condition – Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc?
d)Social conditions – What is the daily life of the characters like? Does the story contain local
colour (writing that focuses on the speech, dress, mannerisms, customs, et. of
particular place)?
e. Mood or atmosphere – What feeling is created at the beginning of the story? Is it bright
and cheerful or dark and frightening?

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6. Conflict – is the essence of fiction. It creates plot. The conflicts we encounter can usually be
identified as one of four kinds.
a) Human vs. Human – conflict that fits one person against another.
b) Human vs. Nature – on the one hand, it expresses the insignificance of a single human life in
the cosmic of things. On the other hand, it tests the limits of a person’s strength and will to
live.
c) Human vs. Society – the values and customs by which everyone else lives are being
challenged. The character may come to an untimely end as a result of his or her own
convictions. The character may, on the other hand, bring others around to a sympathetic
point of view, or it may be decided that society was right after all.
d) Human vs. Self - is a good test of a character’s values. Does he/she give in to temptation or
rise above it? Does he/she demand the most from his/her or settle for something less? Does
he/she even bother to struggle? The internal conflicts of a character and how they are
resolved are good clues to the character’s inner strength.
7. Tone – is the emotional colouring or the emotional meaning of the work and provides an
extremely important contribution to the full meaning. In spoken language, it is indicated by the
inflection of the speaker’s voice. The emotional meaning of a statement may vary widely
according to the tone of voice with which it is uttered; the tone may be ecstatic, incredulous
despairing, resigned, etc.
According to Harry Shaw (Dictionary of Literary Terms), tone can be determined by three points:
a) An author’s attitude or focus point toward his/her subject. In this concern, the tone can be
realistic, somber, depressing, romantic, adventurous, etc.
b) The devices used to create the mood and atmosphere of literary work. In this sense, the
tone consists of alliteration, assonance, consonance, diction, imagery, metre, theme,
symbolism, irony, etc.
1. On a whole sheet of paper, in 3 to sentences, what type of film do you like most and why?

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Topic 8:
Architecture Design:
Objectives:
1. Define architecture design/architecture

2. Identify the elements of architecture design and the types of architecture
3. Appreciate the roles of life in architecture
Handout/Books
Architecture – is one of those fields that include a wide variety of career options, owing to the several
topics that fall under its domain. Architects work on scales starting from a small room in a house to an
entire city. They design, develop, present, and supervise all sorts of projects. Their knowledge, design
skills, and artistic sense make them capable of approaching other paths like grap0hic design, product
design, or even game design. An architect can opt to be a jack of all trades or just specialize, and here
we give you a brief on the types of architects you are likely to be one of, at some point in your career.
The Elements of Architecture Design:
1. Line – is a form with width and length, but no depth. Artists use lines to create edges, the
outlines of objects. A line is created by the movement of the artist’s pen. The direction of a line
can convey mood. Horizontal lines are calm and quiet, vertical lines suggest more of a potential
for movement, while diagonal lines strongly suggest movement and give more of a feeling of
vitality to a picture.
2. Shape – is an area that is contained within implied line, or is seen and identified because of color
or value changes. Shapes have two dimensions, length and width ,and can be geometric or free-
form.

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3. Forms – form describes volume and mass, or the three dimensional aspects of objects that take
up space. Forms can and should be viewed from any angles. When you hold a baseball, shoe, or
small sculpture, you are aware of their curves, angles, indentations, extensions, and edges-their
forms.
4. Space – actual space is three-dimensional volume that be empty or filled with objects. It has
width, height, and depth. Space that appears three-dimensional in a two-dimensional painting is
an illusion that creates a feeling of actual depth. Various techniques can be used to show such
visual depth or space.
5. Color – has three properties:
a) Hue – the name of the colors. The primary hues are, red, yellow and blue. Secondary colors
are made by mixing two primary hues. Intermediate colors are mixtures of a primary and
adjacent secondary color.
b) Value – which refers to the lightness or darkness of a hue.
c) Intensity – which refers to the purity of the hue (also called “chroma”).
6. Texture – refers to the surface quality, both simulated and actual of artwork. Techniques used in
painting serve to show texture, i.e. the dry brush technique produces a rough simulated quality
and heavy application of pigment with brush or other implement produces a rough actual
quality.
The Types of Architecture:
1. Residential Architect – residential building have come to be seemingly identical after the
standardization that followed the industrial revolution in the past century. However, some
neighborhoods still enjoy the merits of beautifully customized residences, and this where
Residential Architects work. They deal with clients who would like to have their own customized
houses designed. They take note of their spatial and functional requirements; then they start to
design the plans, and elevations. They estimate the costs of materials and services, as well as
the time needed to complete the construction and finishing.
2. Commercial Architect – a well-designed building is aesthetically pleasing as well functional, and
the functionality varies according to the type of space that being designed. A successful design
of a commercial or public building is highly dependent of a flowing and self-guiding circulation
that optimize the experience for the building users. For example, a well-designed shopping mall
lets the buyers find their way and get what they need easily, without getting lost or walking
more than they should. Commercial Architects are supposed to make that happen. They
specialize in non- residential buildings, and this specialization requires engineering, construct
ion, ands artistic skills. It also requires full awareness of building codes, safety regulations, and
construction costs.
3. Interior Designer – designing and styling the interior of an apartment, an office, or a restaurant
requires artistic sense and technical knowledge. Interior Designers prefer
Have deep knowledge of materials, fabrics, colors, and basics of furniture design. Some architects prefer
to work on the large scale and not to get involved with such details, while others, like the pioneer Frank
Lloyd Wright, prefer to do the interior design for their own projects.

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4. Green Design Architect – with the recent changes in climate and the remarkable decline in non-
renewable energy resources, the role of Green Design Architects has become essential. Green
Design Architects are responsible for making eco-friendly and energy efficient architectural
designs. They continuously work on innovating effective green design methods that leave a
minimal impact on the environment. These architects should be knowledgeable in fields like
aerodynamics, sun and shading, as well as properties of materials.
5. Landscape Architect – is concerned with the outdoor spaces like parks, gardens, neighborhoods,
campuses, and public spaces. Landscape architects design these spaces to be efficient, engaging,
and harmonious with the environment. They decide the locations for buildings, walkways,
greenery, and other hardscape elements accordingly. Landscape architects also choose the
materials for the walkways and the types of trees and shrubs for the green areas, and so they
need to have a background in the science of urban horticulture. They should be aware of the
suitable materials and plants for different climates and uses.
6. Urban Designer – Urban Design is a broad subject that employs other specializations like
building architecture, landscape design, and green design. It deals with the scales of
neighborhoods, districts, and cities. Urban designers are in charge of grouping buildings,
designing nodes, paths, and street networks. So, they give the city its shape and sense of order.
They can design cities from scratch or develop existing ones. Urban designers additionally face a
wider range of issues that have to do with the economy, politics, and culture. They also have to
be in touch with the communities they serve who are their actual clients.
The Roles of Life in Architecture:
a) Architecture can create better places

b) Architecture can affect society
c) Architecture can make a community more livable
Architectures in the Philippines:
The Philippine Arena – is a multi-purpose indoor arena at Ciudad de Victoria, a 140 hectare tourism
enterprise zone in Bocaue a Santa Maria, Bulacan, Philippines, with a maximum seating capacity of
51,898. This is the world’s largest indoor arena. It is one of the centerpiece of the many centennial
projects of the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) for their centennial celebration on July 27, 2014. The legal owner is
the INC’s educational institution, New Era University.
Fort Santiago – (Spanish: Fuerte de Santiago: Moog ng Santiago) is a citadel first built by Spanish
conquistador. Miguel Lopez de Legaspi for the new established city of Manila in the Philippines. The
defense fortress is a part of the structures of the walled city of Manila referred to as Intramuros. The
fort is one of the most important historical sites in Manila. Several lives were lost in its prisons during
the Spanish Colonial Period and World War II. Jose Rizal, one of the Philippine national heroes, was
imprisoned here before his execution in 1896. The Rizal Shrine Museum displays memorabilia of the
hero in their collection and the fort features, embedded unto the ground in bronze, his footsteps
representing his final walk from his cell to the location of the actual execution.

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Rizal Monument in Luneta Park – it gives honor to our national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal. Rizal Park is like an
oaisis for relaxation and fun in the midst of Manila and situated next to Intramuros. Rizal Park has
gardens, historical markers, plazas, a grand stadium, an observatory, an open-air concert hall, an artists’
sanctuary, a light-and-sound theatre, restaurants, food kiosks and palygrounds, and dozens of fountains.
Rizal Park is the heart of Manila’s thriving financial, commercial, industrial and institutional centers,
overlooking the famous and picturesque Manila Bay. The Park was a tribute to the Philippine’s national
hero, Jose Rizal, a doctor and novelist who was shot by firing squad on December 30, 1896 on charges of
fomenting local rebellion against the Spanish government.
1. Find one picture of an architecture design in your own locality with a brief history to be
submitted next face-to-face learning on a short bond paper.
References:
Books

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Topic 9:
Folk Architecture:
Objectives:
1. define folk architecture

2. examine the natural and social environment and the construction materials and techniques of
local architecture
3. identify and characterize architectural history through 5 periods
Handout/Books
Folk Architecture, like other forms of art is product of history. Folk architecture is the living environment
people have created for themselves. It is an architecture that was formed in the process of anonymous
design which later became traditional under the influence of various factors. Local architecture is one of
the most important sources of information to allow us to understand and explain the idea, views,
traditions, customs and beliefs, systems, family and neighbor relationships of a community.
To examine local architecture, one must start with the natural and social environment and the
construction materials and techniques of local architecture:
1. Economic structures
2. Lifestyle
3. Standards of judgment
4. Relations within the family and with relatives
5. Effects of customs, local rules, traditions and beliefs on
Local architecture is one of the most important sources of information to allow us to understand and
explain the ideas, views, traditions, customs and beliefs, family and neighborhood relationships of a
community.

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Architectural elements all need to be considered in the context of local architecture. Local architecture
has no local purpose; in other words, structures are not built for the purpose of leaving a deliberate
trace behind them. Nature is complemented by man. Right from the very start, man has built dwellings
and shelters for himself, AND WILL CONTINUE TO BUILD HOUSES IN THE FUTURE. These houses are the
most important sources of information regarding cultural structure.
The Philippine Architecture:
Understanding the roots of Philippine architecture is an interesting adventure as revisit your heritage
and discover how the lives of Filipinos from different periods of our history were reflected through
structures of houses, churches. S, mosques, temples, government buildings, cultural centers and many
others. Houses and monuments in the country do not only represent different cultures and periods in
Philippine history; they also constitute the Filipino’s creative response to the problems posed by the
geography and climate of the archipelago. Folk or local architecture has evolved in response to changes
in time and history, so that although it is the repository of traditional skills and lore and remains a vital
link to the past, it has allowed change and innovation over the years.
Architectural History and Characteristics Through Its 5 Periods:
Pre-Hispanic Era – the earliest records of pre-colonial architecture in the Philippines hardrock shelters
and caves in Palawan. Early Filipinos mainly rely on nature when creating shelter and do not need to
build permanent structures. The houses of the natives before the Spanish colonization were
predominantly rectangular in shape and built on stilts so it may be lifted and be transported to a new
site. Several factors also affect the type of materials and configuration of houses such as the difference
of climate and topography of numerous Filipino groups in different parts of the country. The Bayanihan
spirit exempliified by Filipinos was made prevalent at this time. E. g. where neighbors would help one
another to carry a nipa hut and move to another place.
Spanish Colonial Era – the arrival of Spanish conquerors introduced the Antillean style of architecture.
This type of architecture is European (but originated from Central America and not Spain) which was
tweaked to suit the tropical climate of the Philippines and thereafter, had its own Filipino and unique
character .Aside from houses mother Spain also bestowed its influence on the architecture of churches,
the symbolism of its major endowment in the Philippines, Catholicism. According to architectural
experts, most of the colonial churches are Spanish or Mexican baroque based on the evident elements.
It is also notable that the construction of these churches was mainly influenced by the environmental
conditions of the country which would constantly experience natural disasters (typhoon and
earthquake) and human destruction as (fire attacks) during that time.
American and Japanese Era –the 1896 Philippine Revolutionpaved the way to the country’s
independence from Spain. However, it became a short-lived liberty when the Americans became the
country’s new invaders. There was a drastic change on the architectural design which was introduced by
the Americans as they establish the civil government. A lot of structures were built to serve as
government buildings from cities to municipalities. The design and style of the establishments were akin

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to Greek or Roman constructions. Famous Americian architects such as William Parsons and Edgar
Bourne started the proto-modernist way of designing constructions and they were commonly
unadorned facades together with large windows. Another prestigious master designer during that time
was an American architect and urban planner Daniel Burnham. He was the one responsible for creating
the master plans for Manila and Baguio. His contributions to the local architecture together with
Parsons were the Kahn system of concrete reinforcements and the introduction of hollow blocks, the
use of anti-termite hardwood and the mass fabrication of building types.
The Late Twentieth Century – during this period in Philippine history starting in the 60’s ,architects
started to merge modernist style with the use of traditional and local materials. And in the 70’s, former
First Lay Imelda Marcos popularized a national architectural style through the regime’s ostentatious
building projects using indigenous materials and icons.
The New Millenium – at present, the Philippines has embraced the tripartite decision of columnar
architecture (Tower-ob-th-Podium) for skyscrapers. More micro-cities such as Rockwell Center and Fort
Bonifacio Global City are developing. The Filipino architects nowadays are considered to be “late
modernists” and eventually “neo-modernists” or “super modernists”.
Some samples of folk architectures:
1. Nipa hut or bahay kubo from the lowland and the Maranao’s which is a very intricate “Totogan
House”.
2. Antillean style of houses influenced by the Spanish colonizers found in Vigan City.
3. 3’ The Miag-ao Church which is a Roman catholic church located in Miag-ao, Iloilo, Philippines.
4. The San Agustin Church in Manila
5. St, James the Elder Cathedral
6. Victoria Park
7. Holy Spirit Academy of Bangued
8. Divine Word College of Bangued
9. The Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte
10. The Barasoain Church (Iglesia de Barasoain
Filipinas) in Malolos City, Bulacan
11. Santa Catalina de Alejandria Church in Tayum, Abra
12. El Hogar Filipino of Muelle de la Industria Street in Binondo, Manila
13. The Manila Metropolitan Theater designed by a Filipino architect Juan M. de Guzman
14. The Coconut Palace in Manila
15. The Ifugao house (the Bale)s
16. The Abra Tunnel
17. The Provincial Capitol of Abra
1. On a whole sheet of paper, in 5 – 10 sentences, describe your house ten years ago as compared
today.

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References: Handouts/Books
Topic 10:
MARINA – The Phillipine Maritime Industry
Objectives:
At the ne d of the lesson, students are expected to:
1. determine the main objective of this industry

2. identify the functions of the said industry
3. give the importance of the said industry
Handout/Books
MARITIME transport is the backbone of international trade and a key engine driving globalization and
competitiveness. The 2011 – 2016 Philippine Development Plan (PDP) envisions a “safe, secure, efficient,
viable, competitive, dependable, integrated, environmentally sustainable and people-oriented
Philippine transport system. The main objective is to ensure an integrated and coordinated intermodal
transport network with backbone links to growth areas.
The critical role of maritime transport in ensuring and integrated and coordinated transport network is
incontestable for an archipelagic country like the Philippines. Since a high percentage of domestic and
international commerce, travel and tourism are by air and sea, the efficiency of aviation and maritime
transportation has become increasingly critical to growth and competitiveness. Solutions to the
numerous challenges involved in creating an efficient modern air and sea transportation system require
addressing policy and regulatory impediments as well as upgrading and rationalizing airport and seaport
infrastructure and networks. The continuous capacity expansion of seaports and sea links will thus
remain as a major development thrust.

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The Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA, an attached agency of the Department Transportation and
Communications (DOTC), performs promotion and development as well as supervisory and regulatory
functions over four major sectors of the Philippine maritime industry. MARINA functions cover domestic
shipping; overseas shipping; ship building and ship repair; and maritime manpower sectors.
MARINA assumed a new mandate under Executive Order No. 75 issued on April 30, 2012, designating
the DOTC through the MARINA as the Single Maritime Administration in the Philippines responsible for
oversight in the implementation.
Shipping connectivity is an important determinant of trade costs and understanding them will allow
policymakers to improve their country’ trade competitiveness. The Philippines is fairly connected with
the global container shipping services network.
In 2012m the Philippines stood as the fifth world’s largest shipping country after China, Koria and Brazil,
as more local shipyards are building more ships of larger tonnage capacities like bulk carriers, container
ships, and passenger ferries, particularly Tsuneishi Heavy Industries, Inc/ (THICI).
Volunteer sharing about the life of a relative or a friend who is working in this kind of industry. E.g.
looking at their economic status, education and welfare of the children.

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Topic 11:
Weaving:
Objectives:
1. define the term weaving

2. know the history of weaving in the Philippines
3. list down the weaving places in the Philippines
Handout/Books
Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at
right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Other methods are knitting, felting, and braiding or plaiting. The
longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft or filling. The method in
which these threads are interwoven affects the characteristics of the cloth. Cloth is usually woven on a
loom, a device that holds the warp threads in place while filling threads are woven through them.
The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is called the weave. The majority of
woven products are created with one of the three basic weaves: plain weave, satin weave, and twill (a
fabric woven to give surface a parallel bridges/line of meeting of two sloping surfaces).
History of Weaving in the Philippines:
The Pre-Colonial Era:
Accounting to various accounts of early explorers of the pre-colonial era, the Filipino people used fibers
from natural materials, such as abaca (Manila hemp), maguey, pineapple, cotton and tree bark, to
weave textiles, clothes, rugs, hats and baskets, along with quilts and bedding. Weaving was an
inextricable part of the Filipino people lifestyle. All clothing items, such as the Malong and the Tapis,
were made of hand-woven fabric. The quality of the weaves was based on how soft, tightly woven and
clean their patterns were. Favorite themes included thick multi-colored stripes and clear patterns.

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The Filipino people were also masters in basket weaving. They also made storage baskets, lunch baskets,
as well as trapping baskets, which used to trap fish in rice paddies, each featuring their own special
technique. The Filipino people would weave beautiful mats to be used as bedding. They were usually
seen as a woman’s work and were made of leaves of the pandan or the buri palm. Mats were so popular
that they were sometimes usued as currency in markets.
During the Spanish Colonization:
For Filipinos, with Spanish colonization (1565-1898) came a permanent shift from a weaving lifestyle and
living off the land to one fighting for their independence. Woven products were still seen as wealth, and
often used as a commodity for trading. The Spaniards did not shy away from exploiting the people for
cheap labor in their quest for gold, all the while demanding from them to become more ‘civilized’ and
‘culture.’
The Filipino people, influenced by the Spanish religious practices, started using new materials in new
ways; long stalks of burin palm (called palapas) were woven together into plaits, which were sometimes
decorated with crepe-paper flowers.
Hand-woven mats still retained their popularity, and were now made to order, sometimes the letters
“mr’, ‘mrs’ and recuerdo including blankets. They were often offered as gifts for special occasions.
The American Colonization:
The USA colonization introduced new food, new cars, new types of clothing (jeans and T-shirts) to the
Filipinos, who were influenced by the Americans’ lifestyle of consumerism and over-consumption.
The Weaving Places in the Philippines:
The Yakan weaving village in Upper Calarian, Zamboanga – a village that was inhabited by one of the 13
Moro/Muslim groups of the Philippines, the Yakan, who originally lived in Basilan, but were forced to
move to the mainland of Zamboanga because political unrest and strife.
The artisans make their indigenous local treasures using fibers made from used pineapple and abaca
plants, along with dyes made from herbal extracts and plants, tree bark, roots and other natural
materials. Their patterns are usually very colorful and intricate, and each one is unique. Their weaving
patterns are inspired by the natural patterns in their surroundings, like a Palipattang pattern would be
inspired by the rainbow, and Bunga-sama pattern would be inspired by the designs on the skin of a
snake.
The Village of Mabilong in Lubuagan –the Mabilong weavers would use bark fibers called Buteg, and
later evolved into Sag-ut, a native kind of cotton which was cultivated in the upland farms. Lateron. The
weavers would use fibers made from naturally grown Isut trees and would make dyes using natural
ingredients. Thus, begun the tradition of Kalinga weaving, which features colorful designs and beautiful
patterns, Over the times, the village artisans have gradually developed their own unique weaving style.

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The Mabilong people have kept the tradition alive, and used traditional methods to weave their textiles,
in order to preserve their culture and acquire an extra source of income.
The Iraya-Mangyan village in Puerto Galera – this village was founded by philanthropist Jaime Zobel de
Ayala and his wife, Donya Bea, in the 1990s, in order to preserve the cultural treasures of the Iraya-
Mangyan tribe. It provides shelter and sustenance to many Iraya-Mangyan families. From a few houses,
the community has grown and now it has an elementary school and a medical facility.sVisitors can
experience first-hand what the Iraya people’s everyday life is like, as well as they can see how their
traditional hasndicrafts and are are made. Being that their creations are one of their sources of income,
travelers are encouraged to buy their products and help improve their lives and preserve their culture.
The finished weaves and handicrafts are displayed in a large hut in the village, which is reserved for this
purpose and usually made of wood and cogon.s
Tribal women are seen casually leaving local nito vines or colorful native vines into baskets, mats and
other products, right next to a computer center which will be used to teach the children of the village.
Vigan City – the abel is the traditional woven product of Vigan and the Ilocos Region. The abel cloth is
known for being a strong, colorful material. The fabric is so strong and beautiful that some families have
them as heirlooms that last as long as their unique furnishings. The abel is made from yarns of cotton or
sagut that are sourced from the many lands in northern Luzon that are dedicated to the growing of this
plant. After the cotton is harvested, it is prepared into yarns and dyed. The different colored yarns are
then arranged in a wooden handloom to create varied and unique designs. The process is intricate and
labor-intensive. Weavers must master synchronizing the movements of their hands and feet to properly
use the wooden handloom.
The use of the handlooms and other weaving accessories can be traced from the early Spanish
occupation. This equipment was used in homes to weave abel cloth for blankets, pillow cases and
clothes. These crafts were said to be a major export during the period of the Spanish galleon trade. It is
said that the abel was so popular product that it proved to be a big competition to the Spanish weaving
industry, threatening its very existence. At present, only few of the barangays in Vigan have maintained
this age-old weaving industry.
Barangays Camangaan, Mindoro and San Pedro are among these. Barangay Mindoro is known for
producing binakol or blankets with geometric patterns. However, it is Barangay Camangaan that is most
known because it is the source of most of the abel products that are sold by shops in Crisologo Street
and the Vigan Public Market, where local and foreign visitors buy their souvenirs. Abel products are best
as wedding gifts because they are very sturdy and beautifully-designed; but most buyers need no excuse
to buy them outside of their great craftsmanship, which can be enjoyed as bed and table linen. There
are also wall decors, mosquito nets, towels, robes and clothing that are sold using the abel.
The design and colors of the abel are somewhat similar to those found in the Cordillera region, but it is
continually evolving as present-day designers strive to update its use for the greater appreciation of the

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public. Local designers with the support of government mount fashion shows to show how the hand-
made abel can be used with other fabrics to create clothes for everyday and special occasions.
Abra – as far as weaving is concern barangay Namarabar, Penarrubia and Barangay Malabbaga, La Paz
and other parts of the province are also engaged in this industry which are producing the same products
and the same uses.
1. Give at least woven products and give their uses. (3 points each) One whole sheet of paper to be
passed next face-to-face learning.
References:
Topic 12:
Carving:
Objectives:
1. define the word carving

2. identify the different kinds of carving
3. Appreciate the different products and the uses of those carved products
Handout/Books
Carving is the act of using tools to shape something from a material by scraping away portions of that
material. The technique can be applied to any material that is solid enough to hold a form even when
pieces have been removed from it, and yet soft enough for portions to be scraped away with available
tools. Carving tends to require much more work than methods using malleable materials.
The Basic Tool Set Used in Carving:
1. Carving knife – a specialized knife used to spare, cut and smooth wood.
2. Gouge – a tool with a curved cutting edge used in a variety of forms and sizes for carving
hollows, rounds and sweeping curves.
3. Coping saw – a small saw that is used to cut off chunks of wood at once.
4. Chisel – large or small, whose straight cutting edge is used for lines and cleaning up flat surfaces.
5. V-tool – used for parting, and in certain classes of flat work for emphasizing lines.
6. U-gauge – a specialized deep gouge with U-shaped cutting edge.
7. Sharpening equipment – such as various stones and a strop necessary for maintain edges.
The Philippine Wood Carving:

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Wood carving has fascinated a lot of people and Filipinos have been influenced by different cultures that
make our woodcraft unique. Different styles and different tastes from our native heritage and culture
that make us who we are today. The Philippines has been known for a lot of things but woodcraft is
something we are naturally good at. From the northern part of the country down to the south there is
always a wood carving or sculpting province that will amaze us.
Ethnic Wood Carvings”
1. The bulol of the Cordillera people are carvings of simplified human figures. They are commonly
mistaken for rice gods and fertility symbols, but cultural archivist Tommy Halfalla points out that
they are actually meant to be used in a ritual healing process. The bulol is anointed with the
blood of butchered animals in order to transfer the patient’s illness to the bulol. Because the
figure is no longer needed after the ritual is completed, some farmers would put them to use by
placing them in their rice granaries as a warning that illness or death could befall whose who
attempt to steal their rice. This has led to the misc onception that it is a benevolent guardian of
rice.
2. Okir-a-datu – are elaborate curvilinear carved motifs made by the Maranao and Tausug tribes
of Mindanao. The main okir motifs are the sarimanok(mythical bird), the naga (mythical serpent)
and the pako rabong (fern). Such motifs are used to decorate the houses of Sultans.s
3. Tagbanua bird and animal carvings – are religious symbols that are carved in blackened wood
with incised geometric designs that stand out in the light original wood color against the
blackness.
Other wood carving traditions:
*Paete – is known for all kinds of woodcarvings, especially santo figures.
*Pakil – is known for filigree-like woodcarvings.
*Betis – Pampanga is known for its artisants’ skillful carved embellishment of wooden furniture.
Wood Carving Capital of the Philippines:
Paete, Laguna is really proud about their wood carvings. Paete, whose name was derived after a chisel
or paet, which is a small town on the northeastern part of Laguna. It is the famous for its sweet lanzones
and its finely made woodcraft that it was declared the carving capital of the Philippines on March 15,
2005.They are simply amazing at it. From making statues, sculptures, furniture to other things that you
can name of that can be made of wood. As if they treat this skill as their hobby or past time by creating
different images and statues out of wood.
The Types of Stone Carving:
1. Bas relief – the entire surface of the monument is cut away, leaving the flowers in bas relief on
top of the outer space.

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2. Etching – typically used on black granite, this technique cracks the surface of the granite using a
diamond-tipped tool or a laser. When the granite’s polished surface is etched, it creates a high
contrast image on the stone. This is popular for photos and portraits.
3. Flat carving on line carving – this process involves sandblasting an image (of a flower, for
example) on the stone. There is no dimensioning or relief given to the carving.
4. Shaped carving – this is a time-consuming technique that requires years of training with
sandblast tools. This process involves shaping the petals and leaves of flowers with a special
sandblast nozzle. Shaped carving gives depth and a sense of reality to the carvings on a
monument.
Stone carving – is an activity where pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by the controlled removal
of stone. Owing to the permanence of the material, stone work has survived which was created during
our prehistory. Work carried out by Paleolithic societies to create flint tools is more referred to as
knapping. Stone carving that is done to produce lettering is more referred to as lettering. The process of
removing stone from the earth is called mining or quarrying. Stone carving is one of the processes which
may be used by an artist when creating a sculpture. The term also refers to the activity of masons in
dressing stone blocks for use in architecture, building or civil engineering. It is also a phrase used by
archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists to describe the activity involved in making some types of
petroglyphs.
Bone carving – is the act of creating art forms by carving into animal bones and often includes the
carving of antlers and horns. It can result in the ornamentation of a bone, or the creation of a figure It
has been practiced by a variety of world cultures, sometimes as a cheaper, and recently a legal,
substitute
Substitute for ivory carving. Bone was also used by artists and craftsmen to try out their designs,
especially by metalworkers. Such pieces are known as “trial-pieces”.
Chip Carving – is a style of carving in which knives or chisels are used to remove small chips of the
material from a flat surface in a single piece.
Fruit carving – is the art of carving fruit, a very common technique in Europe and Asian countries and
particularly popular in Thailand, China and Japan. There are many fruits that can be used in this process;
the most popular one that artists use are the watermelons, apples, strawberries, pineapples, and
cantaloupes. Professional fruit carvers can also create centerpieces and displays for various events, such
as parties and wedding receptions. On a similar scale, fruit carvers can present a dish with decorative
garnishing to add an aesthetically pleasing experience to their viewers.
The Fruit Carving Artists:
There are many artists and chefs who are known for their fruit carving skills. Each has a different
technique. Many of these chefs have previously owned restaurants and now hold classes in this art.
*Valeriano Fatica – is an Italian fruit carver, known through his videos on You tube that has attracted
people to his artwork around the world. He has carved many different fruits at a large scale.

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*Jimmy Zhang – is a fruit carver from China. He has won many awards in the culinary area and has also
been featured in many newspapers across the globe for his skills. He teaches classes on how to carve
fruit and vegetables and master the skills and learn history about the way China has created its fruit
carving industry.
*Carl Franklin Jones – an expert in the art of fruit carving practices in the United States. He is known for
his fruit carving sculpture that was created for Ivanka Triump’s wedding.
Ice Sculpture – is a form of sculpture that uses ice as the raw material. Sculptures from ice can be
abstract or realistic and can be functional or purely decorative. Ice sculptures are generally associated
with special or extravagant events because of their limited lifetime. The lifetime of a sculpture is
determined primarily by the temperature of its environment, thus, a sculpture can last from mere
minutes to possibly months.
Vegetable Carving – is the art of carving vegetables to form beautiful objects, such as flowers or birds.
The products of vegetable carving are generally flowers or birds; however, the only limit is one’s
imagination. The techniques of vegetable carving vary from person to person, as does the final result.
Some carving present more artistic detail, while others have simple, yet beautiful shapes. Vegetable
carving is generally used as a garnish, but it can also be used for flower arranging.
Hobo Nickel – is a sculptural art form involving the creative modification of small-denomination coins,
essentially resulting in miniature bas reliefs. The US nickel coin was favored because of its size, thickness
and relative softness.
Ivory Statue – is the carving of ivory, that is to say animal tooth or tusk, by using sharp cutting tools,
either mechanically or manually.
Philippine Ivory Icons:
Next to wood, ivory was most frequently used in making religious statues for Philippine Catholic
churches and home altars from the earliest days of the colony in the 17 th century and into the 19th. A
relatively plentiful supply of ivory came to Manila from China, principally from nearby Canton which was
second only to Peking as an ivory carving center. Today, the most famous of these ivory icons is that of
Our Lady of the Rosary in Santo Domingo Church, Quezon City. Known as La Naval de Manila to
commemorate the sea victory of the Spanish colonial navy over the Dutch invaders in 1654, the statue
was commissioned by Governor Luis Perez Dasmarinas from a Chinese artisan who was a catechumen or
a convert studying Cathholic doctrine in order to be baptized
The 3 Types of Ivory Santos:
*Popular – most of the extent religious images today, particularly those made of wood, are in popular
size: a distinctly naïve, unsophisticated style, much like simple line drawings. These images were
intended for home altars.

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*Classical – these are statues which are much valued. Statues are carved out of a single piece of ivory
that does not come in adequate enough sizes. Usually, the head and hands were pegged on and joints
are easily detected as thin brown lines.
*Ornate - the style of statues is the elaboration of the classical by a rich multiplicity of details and by the
addition of garments and other ornamentations. Some ornate ivory statues consist of a plain wood body
frames to which are pegged the head and hands. Other ornate statues are classical pieces of sculpture,
complete with carved garments and hairs, but to which were added extra ornamentations. The art of
religious statuary in the Philippines bears two distinct influences: Spanish and Chinese. To these is added
another distinct style, a way of elaboration and detail, a way of workmanship, which is markedly Filipino.
1. Examining your home, what carved material/s can you find there? The time it was bought or
made. Share it to our class individually next face-to-face learning.
References:
Handout/Books
Topic 13:
Performance Arts in the Philippines:
Objectives:
1. define performance art

2. classify the 3 main divisions of Philippine music
3. Identify the most musical instrument used in Philippine music
Handout/Books
Performance art is a performance presented to an audience within a fine art context, traditionally
interdisciplinary. Performance may either be scripted or unscripted, random or carefully orchestrated;
spontaneous or otherwise carefully planned with or without audience participation. The performance
can be live or via media; the performer can be present or absent. It can be any situation that involves
four basic elements: time, space, the performer’s body, or presence in a medium, and a relationship
between the performer and the audience. Performance art can happen anywhere, in any type of venue
or setting and for any length of time. The actions of an individual or a group at a particular place and in a
particular time constitute the work. Performance art is a term usually reserved to refer to a conceptual
art which conveys a content-based meaning in a more drama-related sense, rather than being simple
performance for its own sake for entertainment purposes. It largely refers to a performance presented

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to an audience, but which does not seek to present a conventional theatrical play or a formal linear
narrative. Or which alternately does not seek to depict a set of fictitious characters in formal scripted
interactions. It therefore can include action or spoken word as a communication between the artist and
audience, or even ignore expectations of an audience, rather than following a script written beforehand.
The performing arts range from vocal and instrumental music, dance and theatre to pantomime, sung
verse and beyond. They include numerous cultural expressions that reflect human creativity and that
are also found, to some extent, in many other intangible cultural heritage domains. The Cultural Center
of the Philippines (CCP) is considered to be the premiere place for performing arts. It has local and
international world-class guest artists.
Music in the Philippines:
Music is perhaps the most universal of the performing arts and is found in every society. Most often as
an integral part of other performing arts forms and other domains of intangible cultural heritage
including rituals, festive events or oral traditions. It can be found in the most diverse contexts: sacred or
profane, classical or popular, closely connected to work or entertainment. They may also be a political or
economic dimension to music: it can recount a community’s history, sing the praises of a powerful
person and play a key role in economic transactions. The occasions on which music is performed are just
as varied: marriages, funerals, rituals and initiations, festivities all kinds of entertainment as well as
many other social functions.
The Philippines, an archipelago of 7,100 islands originally, is made up of 77 provinces grouped into 16
regions. The main groups include Luzon, the Visayan Islands, and the Mindanao islands. Based on
religion, the population may be grouped into three broad categories: Christian groups, indigenous
religion groups, and Muslim groups. The Christian groups are the largest and are concentrated in the
lowlands of Luzon and the Visayan islands. Indigenous religion groups are found in the upland norther
Luzon, Mindanao and Palawan. Muslim groups are concentrated in Mindanao, the Sulu isalands and
southern Palawan.
In discussing Philippine music, three main divisions are apparent:
1. and old Asian influenced music which is referred to as the indigenous;

2. a religious and secular music influenced by Spanish and European forms; and
3. An American/European inspired classical, semi-classical, and popular music
Here are some of the traditional musical instruments in the Phippines:
a. Bulungudyonng – vertical and long flute (B’laan)

b. Palendag – li-valley flute
c. Tulali – bilat flute with 6 holes
d. Tumpong – bamboo flute
e. Lantoy – nose flute
f. Bansik – bamboo flute with three holes of the Negrito people in Zambales
g. Bamboo violin – a three-stringed violin of the Aeta people

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h. Butting – a bow with a single hemp 5 string, plucked with a small stick
i. Faglong – a two-stringed, lute-like instrument of the B’laan made in 1997
j. Guitar – was introduced by the Spanish in the 17 th century, now one of the most popular
instruments in the lowlands (Christian) areas, etc.
1. Submit a picture of one of the traditional musical instrument with a brief description on a sheet
of short bond paper individually next meeting.
References:
Books:s
Topic 14:
Local Architecture:
Objectives:
1. define the word literature

2. give some viewpoints on literature
3. know the types of literature and the elements of a short story
Handout/Books
According to Serrano and Ames – Filipino literature regardless of the language in which it is written,
expresses the Filipino soul, national traditions, customs and cultural values which are so ingrained in a
people that no super-imposition of foreign cultural patterns can completely eradicate them.
According to Webster’ Dictionary – Literature covers all the writings of a particular country, time, kind,
etc. especially those valued for excellence of form and expression.
Some Viewpoints on Literature Include the Following:

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1. We can get the meaning of a piece of literature by having lived it because literature is a product
of and about life.
2. Life illumines literature just as literature illumines life.
3. Literary forms (which refers to a writer’s way of saying things) exist because writers have
fashioned them to serve their needs.
4. The distinguishing marks of literature are humanization and vivid concretization and some
objectives that would describe it are imaginative, creative, interpretative and selective.
The Importance of Literature:
1. Material progress and political power may vanish; the spirit of nationalism may wane; but the
true glories of literature withstand the forces of decay and decline.
2. Literature is an eternally burning flame, excluding light that renders significance to civilization.
3. In literature, likewise, there is conserved heritage which gives meaning to a people’s ideals. It
molds the mind of the people by persevering the experience of the past in a cohesive beautiful
manner.
4. Literature mirrors the depth of a culture and manifests the truly creative genius of the race.
5. Literature, though seemingly to hide timidly between the covers of the book, has potentially
generated ideas that have had a tremendous effect. It has exhibited the potency of an explosive
in its capacity for upsetting the social order.
6. Literature helps us grow both personally and intellectually.
7. It helps us connect ourselves to the cultural context of which we are a part. S
8. It helps us to develop mature sensibility and compassion for the condition of all living things,
human, animal, and vegetable.
9. Literature is one of the things that shape our lives, it makes us human.
10. It encourages us to assist creative talented people who are in need.
The Nature of Literature:
Literature is couched in literary language which abounds in ambiguities, homonyms, grammatical

gender, it is permeated with historical accidents, memories and associations. It is highly commutative; it
conveys the tone and attitude of the speaker or writer; it does not merely state and express what it says;
it also wants to influence the attitude of the reader, persuade him, and ultimately change.
The Literary Types or Forms of Genres
Genre is a grouping of literary works based upon outer form (specific meter or structure) and also upon
inner form (attitude, tone and purpose).
1. Prose fiction or Narrative fiction – is prose fiction form and includes novels, short stories, myths,
parables, romances and epics. The works, generally focus on one or a few major characters who
undergo some kind of change as they meet other character deal with problems or difficulties in
their lives.
2. Poetry – is much more economical in the use of words and relies heavily on imagery figurative
language, rhythm and sound.

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3. Dramas or plays – are meant to be performed on stage by actors. Like fiction, drama may focus
on a single character or a small number of character, and it presents fictional events as if they
were happening in the present.
On Literary Works:
It is grouped under two categories: imaginative literature and non-fiction. Imaginative literature or the
“literature of power” includes poems, short stories, novels and plays. It interprets human experience by
presenting fictitious persons, incidents or situations, no actual truths about particular events. Non-
fiction or the “literature of knowledge” includes biographies and essays which presents actual facts,
events, experiences and ideas.
The Elements of a Short Story:
1. Plot – is the skeletal structure of the story. It consists of events which are arranged in a
meaningful sequence.
2. Setting – refers to the time and place of the action which provides the background to the events
and the actions of the characters. It also helps create the mood and atmosphere of the story.
3. Characterization – characters cause the events in the plot, or the incidents. Character traits and
qualities of the characters are identified through what the author says, what the character says,
what the characters do, what the characters say about them, and the position with other
characters.
4. Style – is the characteristic manner of expression, the habitual manner in which the writer
expresses himself.
5. Point of View – is how the story is narrated, the vantage point from which the characters,
action, and events are seen:
a) The first person point of view uses the “I” who narrates the events and describes the
characters and the relationships which they have with one another.
b) The objective point of view lets the reader watch the events as they unfold on stage.
c) The omniscient point of view give the readers chance to know the hidden thoughts,
unexpressed feelings and reactions of the characters.
Ilokanism – the other story of the Ilokano people are best seen in their literature. It is best heard in
songs, poems and stories. Their other story is best drawn from their narratives – their sarsarita (root
work of pakasaritaan). Pakasaritaan and sarita, history and story, narrative and the unfolding of life – all
these weld to reveal who the people are and what kind of future they want to be.
The Iloko Literature – is both an attempt to paint the unique life of the Ilocano and to transcend that
uniqueness by creating images and narrating experiences beyond that which the Ilokos terrain provides.
There are literature that reflect upon the migrant’s lonely and tragic exile in a land both strange and
welcoming. The Iloko literature not only continues to be a witness to the life of people that are
linguistically different from the rest of the country but also of people that are the same as the rest.

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Because the Ilokanos also speak of the ili, the pagilian; the same bacuase they dream of wayawaya and
gin-awa for the umili and the ina a daga, the same because they cry out for kappia and kinalinteg.
The Culture of the Ilokano People:
In life, wishes are oriented by a sense of direction. An Ilocano does not say “Good morning” but instead
asks “Where are you going?” Honor for Ilokano people is not and individual affair. Your triumpn, your
community triumphs. You lose, your community loses. This is the sense in which kablaaw (ttibutre) is
contextualized.
The Traditions of the Ilokano People:
The orikenken is a precursor of the bukanegan (named after Pedro Bukaneg, one of the better known
poets during the Spanish colonial period) which is an art of argumentation in the Ilocos province. A
complex mind is behind the Ilocano myths. The people of Ilocos has the sense of cosmological and
atological in the way they see existence, how space and time are elaborated and human’s location in the
universe.
1. On a whole sheet of paper, in 5 – 10 sentences, write something about the “Biag ni Lam-ang.”
Topic 15:
Graphic Arts:
Objectives:
1. define graphic art

2. know the types of graphic arts
3. give examples of each type of graphic arts
Handout/Books
Teaching-Learning Activities/Lesson Proper:
The term ‘graphic art’ (a derivation from the German Graphik, originating from ‘grphikos’, the Greek for
drawing) commonly denotes those forms of visual expression that depend for their effect on line and
tone (disegno) not color (colorito). The main classical type of graphic art is drawing, which includes
cartoons, caricature, comic strips and animation, as well as line drawings and sketching with pencil or
charcoal, and pen and ink. Graphic art also denotes those art forms involved in printmaking, such as
etching and engraving, including drypoint. Although, always a type of visual art, graphic artworks can
also (depending on the application) be classified as applied art (if design-oriented), or fine art (if stand
alone).

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The Types of Graphic Arts:
1. Cartoon – is a two-dimensional illustration, possibly animated. An artist who creates cartoons is

called cartoonist. While the specific definition has changed over time, modern usage refers to a
typically non-realistic or semi-realistic style of drawing or painting; an image or series of images
intended for satire, caricature, or humor, a motion of picture that relies on a sequence of
illustrations for its animation.
2. Caricature – is a picture, description, or imitation of a person or thing in which striking
characteristics is exaggerated and distorted in order to create comic or grotesque effect.
Caricatures can be insulting or complimentary and can serve a political purpose or be drawn
solely for entertainment.
3. Comic strips – is a sequence of drawings arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor
or form a narrative, often serialized, with the text in ballons and captions.s
4. Animation – is the process of making illusion of motion and the illusion of change by the rapid
succession of sequential images that minimally differ from each other.
5. Sketch – (came from the Greek word ‘schedios’, meaning “done extempore”) is a rapidly
executed freehand drawing that is not usually intended as a finished work. A sketch may serve a
number of purposes: it might record something hat the artist sees; it might record or develop an
idea for later use; or it be used as a quick way of graphically demonstrating an image, idea or
principle.
6. Printmaking – Etching is a method of making prints from a metal plate, usually copper, into
which the design has been incised by acid. The copperplate is first-coated with an acid-resistant
substance, called the etching ground, through which the design is drawn with a sharp tool.
Engraving is putting a design unto a hard, flat surface, by carving into it. The result may be a
decorative piece in itself as when silver, gold or steel are engraved, or may provide a printing
plate of copper or another metal, for printing images on paper which are also called engravings.
7. Calligraphic Art – the supreme type of graphic art is surely calligraphy, the art of stylized writing
originated in the Far East. The two forms of calligraphic art was derived from the Arabic and
oriental languages (Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese and Korean), although the art has been
consistently practiced in the languages of India, Tibet, Persia, Latin and others.
8. Abstract Designs – Another example of decorative graphics is Celtic style design work. This was
derived from the Ancient Celts, and from Hiberno-Saxon Insular art. Its curvilinear motifs had a
strong influence on the development of modern styles of artistic design like Art Nouveau.
9. Illustration – Another form of graphic art is illustration, involving black and white drawings or
sketches which explain a piece of text, although a better example of textual graphic work is
monochromatic illumination which is the art of embellishing text through the use of complex
typographical and alphabetical symbols.
10. Poster Design – Speaking of during France’s Belle Epoque (1890) was made possible by Jules
Cheret (1836-1932) and his invention of his “three stone lithographic process”, which was
popularized by the Post-Impressionist Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901).
11. Computer Graphics – In the era of postmodernist art, the term ‘graphics’ has come to denote
computer-generated imagery, as used for example on television in the form of expository

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diagrams, in commercial printing and on the internet. It is used to be called commercial art, and
is not confined with black and white works. In this commercial sense, graphic artists inhabit an
area close to graphic design, as practiced in areas of applied art such as textiles, tiles and so on.
1. On a whole sheet of paper, which of the above types of graphic arts is your favorite and why?
Limit your discussion in 2 – 4 sentences.
2. On a short bond paper, print your chosen one to be submitted next meeting.
References:
Hand/Books
Topic 16:
Ornamental Art
Objectives:
1. define ornamental art/Philippine ornamental art

2. give examples of Philippine ornaments
3. identify the functions of personal ornaments
Handout/Books
Ornament – Etymology: In early 13 th century, the word came from an old French “ornament” which
means “an accessory”, and directly from the Latin “ornamentum” which pertains to “equipment,
apparatus, furniture trappings, adornment, and embellishment”, from ornare “equip and adorn”, from
stem of ordo”row, rank, series, arrangement”. Ornament is a decoration used to embellish parts of a
building or object. Architectural ornament can be carved from stone, wood or precious metals, formed
with plaster or clay, or painted or impressed into a surface applied ornament; in other applied arts the
main material of the object, or a different one such as paint or vitreous enamel may be used. Ornament
implies that the ornamented object has a function that an unornamented equivalent might also fulfill.

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Where the object has no such function, but exists only to be a work of art such as a sculpture or
painting, the term is less likely to be used, except for peripheral elements.
The Philippine Ornamental Art – refers to the works of art that have developed and accumulated in the
Philippines from the beginning of civilization in the country up to the present era. It reflects to its society
and non-Filipino wide range of cultural influences on the country’s culture and how these influences
honed the country’s arts. The art of the Philippines can refer to the visual arts, performing arts, textile
art traditions, literature, dance, pottery, and other art forms in the country.
The Examples of Philippine Ornaments:
1. Funeral Ornaments –Gold objects were often buried with dead. Metal workers fashioned gold
foil covers for the eyes, nose, mouth, and other facial features, such as those which were likely
used for individuals of high status.
2. Personal Ornaments – are objects worn on the human body which may either be natural or
handcrafted as jewelry. Those of superior material and artistry which belong to the hispanized
tradition are commonly called alhajas or alahas (jewelry).
The Functions of Personal Ornaments.
a. to enhance a part of the wearer’s body

b. to signify prestige, rank, status, and wealth
c. to symbolize ritualistic and emotional states like happiness, mourning, triumph, celebration,
and solemnity
The Philippine jewelry tradition is characterized by the dominance of symmetry and formal proportion, a
strong sense of rhythm, and a distinctive rather than specific emphasis. Jewelry constitute some of the
most important Philippine artifacts found in ancient grave sites in association with human fossils and
gave furniture. The oldest jewelry to date were found in Duyong, Palawan dated 2680 BC.
3. Shell Ornaments – are said to be as long as diamonds. Prehistoric Filipinos used shell ornaments
at least 5,000 to 7,000 years ago during the New Stone Age or Neolithic Period, as evidenced by
the Duyong Cave archaeological diggings mentioned. Shell discs fashioned into beads were
common ornaments during the late Neolitihic age. Even among tribal groups today, shell
ornaments are widely used. The Ifugao ginut-tu, a belt created from perforated-shell discs, is
worn only by the nobility or the kadangyan during class during festivities.
4. Ancient Stone Ornaments – are just beads, bracelets, and ear and neck pendants which were
developed in Philippine prehistory during the Neolithic stage, the same period when polishged
stone tools were also used in agriculture. Vigan and Bantaym Ilocos Sur became the centers of
gold jewelry making in Luzon for most of the Spanish colonial period. The town of Bantay was
engaged in the manufacture of filigree jewelry or lacelike calado openwork in gold and silver
which continues to this day. Ilocos became known for the highly quality and intricate technique
of its gold jewelry, such as combs, hairpins, chains, necklaces, tamburin necklaces with pendant
medallions, earrings, rings, bracelets, brooches, and pins.

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There are other centers of jewelry smithing in the Philippines which have thrived until the present.
Baguio City, being rich in silver, is famous for its silver filigree. Meycauayan town in Bulalcan province is
another jewelry center where a platero can be found in almost every household. Manila, and recently
Makati, are now the trend setters in jewelry.
1. On a whole sheet of paper, write something about your favorite personal ornament. Limit your
discussion in 3 – 5 sentences.
Topic l7:
Textile and Fiber Arts
Objectives:
1. define textile/fiber art

2. know the history of handloom weaving in the Philippines
3. identify the natural dye makers and the sources of dying
Handout
At the time the Spanish arrived, Filipinos were spinning and weaving fabrics using two materials besides
tapa: cotton and abaca. Also known as “Manila hemp”, the abaca plant is actually a small, inedible
species of banana, Musa textilis. The strong fibers of the stalk are stripped off primarily top make rope,
but many Filipinos also make cloth of it; the beautiful clothing of Bagobo, for instance is woven of abaca.
It makes an extremely durable fabric, although it is not nearly as soft as cotton. It is evident that weaving

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has been around for quite some time. Many ancient techniques, such as tie-dying and the use of the
back-strap loom, are still in use today. International trade has been always been a feature of the
Philippines, and this has allowed the various groups to specialize in the manufacture of different things.
Handloom weaving is one of the leading handicraft industries in the Philippines and considered as a
traditional craft in a number of regions in the country. It has great potential as an industry because it is
labor intensive and utilizes indigenous materials such as abaca, raffia, pineapple, buri, et. Different
regions and ethnic groups use their own kind of loom, raw material, fabric design and weaving
techniques, which are carefully considered in selecting the appropriate loom. The different
geopgraphical regions take pride in their own woven products famously associated with their land
(Hayin, 2010).
The Philippine handloom weaving industry, which falls under the micro, small and medium enterprises
(MSMEs), has remained a significant contributor in providing economic activities in the remote and rural
areas of the country. Handloom woven products are among the traditional export contributors of the
country’s foreign earnings. Traditionally, weaving still stands to be a major occupation not only of the
indigenous people but also the rural folks (Cuchon, et al 2006).
The Natural Dye Makers:
In documenting the production of natural dyes from plants, the team went to the Tiguian village of
Namarabar in Penarrubia, a town an hour away from the capital Bangued. Norma Agaid, a Tinguian
elder and the sister of the “Father of Philippine Natural Dyes”, Luis Agaid, explained which plants yield
what kinds of colours: mahogany for red, jackfruit and ginger for yellow, the malatayum plant for indigo,
the narra tree for brown, mahogany and buko for brown and orange and among others.s
Tinguian designs are largely linear and simple, but are assigned with many meanings. Some textiles are
reserved for use only during special occasions such as birth-giving, nuptials, and harvesting. Paco
Guerrero, whose background is no less than anthropology, could have described the Tuyians any better,
“In the forest, they do not only see trees and plants. They see colours,”
Investment Opportunities:
There is a vast range of investment opportunities in garment production-related services such as sample
making, fabric designing, pattern-making, washing, printing and finishing. There is also an opportunity
for investment in the commercial production of indigenous fibers such as banana, pina, abaca, ramie
and silk, which are abundant in the Philippines.
Incentives offered to investors:
 income tax holidays

 additional deduction for incrementatal labor expenses during the first five years from
registration

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 tax and duty exemption from taxes and duties on imported spare parts when brought in through
the firms’ own bonded manufacturing warehouses
 unrestricted use of consigned equipment
 employment of foreign nationals
 tax credit for imported materials used for the exported products
Th 8 World-Class Fabrics of the Philippines:
1. Ifugao Tapis – tapis may generally refer to single rectangular piece of cloth one wraps around
oneself as clothing, but usually applies to a colorful handwoven wraparound skirt which was
commonly used by women throughout the Philippines before the arrival of the European
colonizers, and which is used by some indigenous tribes today.
2. T’nalak – Nalak is a special kind of hand-woven abaca fabric unique to the ethnic T’boli tribe of
Southern Mindanao in the Philippines. The rich color comes from vegetables dyes and the
natural pigments from tree barks.
3. Abel Iloco – the material used to make the abel fabrics are cotton yarn locally called “sagu|. The
northern Philippines, particularly, grew cotton plants whose flowers were then intricately and
lengthily in the homes to produce yarn.
4. Pina –is the indigenous fabric derived from the leaves of Spanish Red Pineapple, and is the finest
of all Philippine hand-woven fabrics.
5. Hablon – refers to the hand-woven textile made of jusi (banana fiber), pina (pineapple fiber),
locally grown silk threads, cotton, rayon, and other indigenous materials that creates an
attractive textile of emerald, lavender, pink, tangerine, and crimson colors.
6. Banaca – it is used to make common products such as slippers and roped, the abaca is
repurposed into a luxury eco textile.
7. Jusi – originated during the Spanish colonial period. Also from pineapple, this is a sheer stronger
and tighter weave than pina and is traditionally worn as Barong Tagalog.
8. Halo-halo – our indigenous fabrics really become world class when our young designers mix all
elements, infusing pina, hablon, abel iloco in modern fashion. Our fashion editorials using all of
the above. Also fashion shows in the US snf Europe whedre media, buyers and audience were
stunned by our local textiles and woven, the colors, embroidery that they have never seen
before.
1. On a whole sheet of paper, write/give your favorite color and justify. Limit your discussion to 3 –
5 sentences.

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Topic 18:
Pottery:
Objectives:
1. define pottery
2. identify the types and materials used in producing pottery products
3. know the processes involved in making pottery products
Handout/Books:
Teaching-Learning Activity/Lesson Proper:s

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Pottery – these are functional and decorative objects made from clay and fired at temperatures. The
craft of making ceramic material into pots or pottery wares using clay and is one of the oldest human
inventions.
The Types and Materials Used in Pottery:
1. Earthen ware – is formed when surface shales and clay are fired at low temperature between
1840-2030 F.
2. Stoneware – is made from fine clay fired at higher temperature from 2130 – 2300 F.
3. Porcelainware – is made from a mixture of kaolin and feldspar and fired at very high
temperature.
The Processes in Making Pottery:
1. Preparing the material

2. Working with clay
3. Dying, firing and cooling
4. Decorating and glazing
Steps in Preparing the Material:
a) Quarrying the material

b) Cleaning or separating from sediments
c) Dying to doughlike consistency
d) Mixing in proper proportions
e) Kneading
The Steps in Working with Clay:
a)Slab making
b)Coiling
c)Hand modeling or anvil-and-paddle method
d)Cradling
d) Cradling
e) Molding
The Steps in Drying, Firing and Cooling:
a) Bisque – refers to the clay after the object is shaped to the desired form and fired in the kiln
for the first time.
b) Decorating or glazing – pottery may be decorated in many different ways. Some decoration
can be done before or after the firing
The Steps in Decorating Pottery Products:
a) Painting – is often applied to pottery that has been fired once, and may then be overlaid
with a glaze afterwards.
b) Ceramic glaze – the most common form of decoration that also serves as protection to the
pottery, by being tougher and keeping liquid from penetrating the pottery.

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c) Carving pottery vessels – may be decorated by shallow carving of the clay body, typically
with a knife or similar instrument used on the wheel.
d) Banding – the application by hand or by machine of a band or colour to the edge of a plate
or cup.
e) Engobe – this is a clay slip that is used to coat the surface of pottery, usually before firing.
Glaze – is a glassy coating on pottery, the primary purposes of which are decoration and protection. One
important use of glaze is to render porous pottery vessels impermeable to water and other liquids.
The Different Types of Clay Used in Pottery:
*Kaolin – si sometimes referred to as China clay because it was first used in China which is used for
porcelain.
* Ball Clay – an extremely plastic, fine grained sedimentary clay, which may contain some organic
matter. Small amounts can be added to porcelain to increase plasticity.
*Fire Clay – a clay having a slightly lower percentage of fluxes than kaolin, but usually quite plastic. It is
highly heat resistant form of a clay which can be combined with other clays to increase the firing
temperature and may be used as an ingredient to make stoneware type bodies.
*Stoneware Clay – suitable for creating stoneware. This clay has many of the charateristics between fire
clay and ball clay, having finer grain, like ball clay but is more heat resistant like fire clays.
*Common Red Clay and Shale Clay – have vegetable and ferric oxide impurities which make them useful
for bricks, but are generally unsatisfactory for pottery except under special conditions of a particular
deposit.
*Bentonite – an extremely plastic clay which can be added in small quantities to short clay to increase
the plasticity.
The Methods of Shaping Pottery:
*Hand-building – is the earliest forming method. Wares can be constructed by hand from coils of clay,
combining flat slabs of clay, or pinching solid balls of clay or some combination of these.
*The Potter’s Wheel – in a process called “throwing”, a ball of clay is placed in the center of a turntable,
called the wheel-head, which the potter rotates with a stick, with foot power or with a variable-speed
electric motor. During the process of throwing, the wheel rotates while the solid ball of soft clay is
pressed, squeezed and pulled gently upwards and outwards into a hollow shape.
*Granulate Pressing – this is the operation of shaping pottery by pressing clay in a semi-dry and
granulated condition in a mould. The clay is pressed into the mould by a porous die through whivh water
is pumped at high pressure. Granulate pressing, also known as dust pressing, is widely used in the
manufacture of ceramic tiles, and increasingly, of plates.

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*Injection Moulding –this is a shape-forming process adapted for the tableware industry from the
method long established for the forming of thermoplastic and some metal components.
*Roller-head Machine – this machine is for shaping wares on a rotating mould, as in jiggering and
jolleying, but with a rotary shaping tool replacing the fixed profile. It has a shallow cone having the same
diameter as the ware being formed and shaped to the desired form of the back of the article being
made.
*RAM – Pressing – this is used to shape ware by pressing a bat of prepared clay body into a required
shape between two porous moulding plates. After pressing, compressed air is blown through the porous
mould plates to release the shaped wares.
*Slipcasting – this is ideally suited to the making of wares that cannot be formed by other methods of
shaping. A slip is made by mixing clay body with water, and is poured into a highly absorbent plaster
mould. Slipcasting is widely used in the production of sanitary wares and is also used for making smaller
articles, such as intricately detailed figurines.
1. On a whole sheet of paper, list 10 pottery products and give their uses.
References:
Caslib, Bernardo Nicolas Jr., et al. (2018) Art Appreciation, First Edition. Manila, Res Book Store.
Defensor, Marchal D. et al, MAPEH-Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health, (2007). Sampaloc,
Maniala. St. Augustine Publications, Inc.
Estolas, Josefina V. et al., Introduction to Humanities, (1995). Mandaluyong City, National Book Store.
Perez, Angelita Benavides, et al. Philippine Contemporary Arts from the Regions (2016). Quezon City,
Brrilliant Creation Publishing, Inc.
Zulueta Francisco M. (1994). The Humanities, Valenzuela, Metro Manila, National Book Store.
Zulueta, Francisco M. (2003), The Humanities, Revised Edition, Mandaluyong City, National Book Store.
Handouts/Research Works

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GE 07 Prelims To Finals

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Divine Word College of Bangued

Module in ART APPRECIATION

“Education of men as a means of humanizing him.”

Nowadays, great emphasis is placed on scientific and technological knowledge as well as on

Leticia R. Shahani’s words, “Build the people, build the nation.”

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

At the end of the semester, students are expected to:

1. Define the different sub-topics under this subject.

The National Artists of the Philippines

To qualify, the National Artists have the following criteria:

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

1. Define the word music.

The Types of Music:

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

The Properties of Music:

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

The Elements of Music:

The Roles of Music in Our Lives:

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

1. Define what dance is all a bout

Teaching – Learning Activity/Lesson Proper:

1. Dancing has been used in worship

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

The Kinds of Dancing:

Some types which are important are the following:

Some of the Filipino folk dances are the following:

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

1. Theme – it is the content of the main ingredient of the dance

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

1. define the word theater/theatre

Teaching-Learning Activity/Lesson Proper:

Theater – is a building where plays/shows are performed on stage.

The Elements of a Theater:

1. What is performed – the types of activities to be shown.

The performers and the audience.

3. The audience – completes the cycle of creation/communication. They provide immediate

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

The Roles of Theater in Our Life”

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

1. Define if what are visual arts

Teaching Learning Activity/Lesson Proper”

The Elements of Visual Arts:

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

Teaching-Learning Activity/Lesson Proper:

Definitions of Literature According to Different Authors:

1. Henry Van Dyke

2. Imam Ja’ al-Sadiq (Muslim Scholar and Philosopher)

3. Roman Jakobson (Russian Formalist)

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

9. Alfred North Whitehead

The 5 Main Genres of Literature:

RVED 07 Art Appreciation

Other Types of Literature: