LECTURE 1

Art as a Humanistic
Discipline
Originally Prepared by:
Dr. Allan C. Orate

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
FRAMEWORKS AND PERSPECTIVES

FIELDS OF LEARNING

Sciences HUMANITIES

Language History ART Philosophy

Art ART
Creation APPRECIATION
Artist DR.Spectator
ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
Practice Theory
 THE TWO GENERAL
FIELDS OF LEARNING

THE THE
SCIENCES HUMANITIES
Deals with Deals with
natural, physical human
phenomena phenomena

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

 HUMANISTIC
DISCIPLINES

HISTORY
Human events happening in the world
LANGUAGE
Written and oral forms of human communication
PHILOSOPHY
Human reason concerning reality
ART
Admiration (ART APPRECIATION) of human-made objects
and the human creativity (ART CREATION) by which these
objects are made
DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
 PARADIGM FOR LEARNING
IN THE SCIENCES
SUBJECT-KNOWER OBJECT-KNOWN

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

“The scientist learns about things in the world.”

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

 PARADIGM FOR LEARNING
IN THE HUMANITIES

SUBJECT-KNOWER = OBJECT-KNOWN

REFLEXIVE
METHOD

“The humanist learns about the self.”

 THE BASIC
QUESTION IN
THE HUMANITIES

“Who am I?”
 THE THE
SCIENCES HUMANITIES
KNOWLEDGE WISDOM

The scientist The humanist

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
becomes a becomes a
LEARNED MAN. WISE MAN.
THALES OF MILETUS
(620-546 BC)
A scientist tends to know everything about the world
that he forgets to know anything about himself.
 Who am I?
“I am a human being.”
 ETYMOLOGY
Professional &
Academic Artist
LATIN ENGLISH
FINE ART
ars “art”
Architect
Skillful production Sculptor
or performance MAJOR ART
LIBERAL ART ARTIST ART
SERVILE ART ARTISAN CRAFT
MINOR ART
Stone Cutter
Carpenter
DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
WESTERN CONCEPT ART

ACADEMIC Only schooled people are artists

ELITIST Meant for the higher social class

HIERARCHICAL Liberal art and servile art, high and

low art, major art and minor art or
craft, fine art and practical art, folk
art, indigenous art, popular art

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

WESTERN CLASSIFICATION
OF THE ARTS

MAJOR ART
Made by artists and
primarily concerned with
the form of beauty

MINOR ART OR CRAFT

Made by artisans and
concerned with functionality
and usefulness of
human-made objects
(artifacts)
 THE SEVEN MAJOR ARTS
IN WESTERN CIVILIZATION

Visual PAINTING
SCULPTURE
ARCHITECTURE

Performing MUSIC
DANCE
DRAMA
Linguistic LITERATURE
DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
 MINOR ARTS: CRAFT

Ceramics
Weaving
Sewing
Handicraft
Carpentry
Masonry
Stone Cutting
Gardening
Cooking
Video 1.1.
Michelangelo,
Painting in the
Ceiling of Sistine
Chapel
1508-1512

Made by the
artist and the
artisans, but
only the artist
took the credit
What is Art?
-module
-short video
 LECTURE 1.2
The Humanities and the
Filipino Personhood
(Pagkatao)

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
 COVAR’S FILIPINO ANTHROPOLOGY
KATAUHAN PAGKATAO
Biological: Cultural:
Born as a human being Becoming a human being
Act of being human Process of becoming human
“personality” “personhood”
“Madaling maging tao; mahirap magpakatao.”

“PAGPAPAKATAO”
The process by which one
becomes a human being
DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
 FILIPINO
PERSONHOOD How does a human being
become a Filipino?

Manunggul Jar,
890-710 BC,
Tabon Cave,
Palawan

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

Both came
from clay
THE JAR AND THE
FILIPINO PERSONHOOD

LABAS LOOB
ulo isip
dibdib damdamin

LALIM
kaluluwa budhi
DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
 LABAS NG PAGKATAO
Katawan (Physical)
kulay ng balat (maputi, maitim)
tindig (matangkad, andak)
ilong (matangos, pango)
LOOB NG PAGKATAO
dibdib (malapad, malaki)
Kalooban (Intellectual,
Emotional and Moral)
isip (matalino)
ugali, asal (mabuti)

LALIM NG PAGKATAO
Kaluluwa (Espiritual)
anito (banal)

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

 NON-DUALISTIC RELATION OF TERMS

LABAS LOOB
malapad ng noo matalino
salubong ang kilay matapang o galit
malagkit ang tingin umiibig
maduming bibig masamang magsalita

LALIM DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

malinis ang kaluluwa matuwid ang budhi
NON-DUALISTIC RELATION IN
FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY
LABAS LOOB
hipo dama
pigil timpi
dinig ulinig
tawa tuwa
saya ligaya
sarap ginhawa
DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
 THE “HUMANITIES”
IN FILIPINO CONCEPT

“PAGPAPAKATAO”
The process how a
human being becomes
a Filipino
FILIPINO
ART
In the study of Humanities, as Pagpapakatao,
the students would discover and realize their
own identity as a Filipino.
DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
 LECTURE 1.3
The Filipino
Concept of Art

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
 Western
Concept
ART
Academic Only schooled people are artists
Elitist Meant for the higher social class
Hierarchical High and low art, major art and craft
fine and practical art, folk, indigenous

Filipino
Concept
ART Has no such Western distinctions
 DAMIAN Son of Chinese immigrants converted to
Christianity, but thought to be a noble
DOMINGO Spanish descent by the Spaniards so
that they commissioned him to paint
(1796-1834)
Engaged by a merchant to paint, in
miniaturismo style, albums of people
wearing their daily costumes
Had a vision of making art more
accessible to the Filipinos (Indios)
Founded the first Art School in the
Philippines Escuela Dibujo y Pintura
in Tondo Manila in 1821
His patron was Sociedad Economica
de los Amigos del Pais
FATHER OF Professor and Director of the Philippine
PHILIPPINE Art Academy. The academy was closed
after his death producing Filipino artists
PAINTING trained in Western artistic tradition
Domingo, Tipos del Pais, Water color of Filipinos in native costumes
 JUAN LUNA (1857-1899)
Bachelor of Arts Degree, Ateneo Municipal de Manila.
Enrolled in Academy of Fine Arts, Manila

Went to Europe in 1877, and studied in Escuela de

ACADEMIC Bellas Artes de San Fernando
WESTERNIZED
Won gold medal in Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes
FILIPINO in 1884 for Spoliarium
PAINTER
Commissioned by Spanish government to do paintings
like La Batalla de Lepanto and El Pacto de Sangre

Arrested for murdering his wife and mother-in-law, but

was acquitted on grounds of crime of passion.
Juan Luna, Spoliarium, 1884, Gold Medal, Exposicion Nacional

NEOCLASSICAL STYLE
Felix R. Hidalgo, Las
Virgines Cristiana
espuestas al population,
1884, Silver Medal,
Exposicion Nacional
 Luna,
España y
Filipinas
1886

Philippine Western
Art Art
One positive way of looking at Filipino
identity in the arts is to see Philippine
Art as integrated in Western Art, and
these two traditions are uniting and
harmonizing with one another.
 Tolentino
Bonifacio
Monument
1933

NEOCLASSICISM
Amorsolo, Planting Rice
ROMANTIC REALISM

RENAISSANCE ART
IMPRESSIONISM
 Manansala,
Marketscene

TRANSPARENT
CUBISM
 Lamaroza
Ecology Series
1978

SURREALISM
Joya
Karate

ACTION
PAINTING

ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
 Albor,
Upward
Duality

COLOR
FIELD
PAINTING
Tinalak, Tiboli Art
Basey, Art of Colorful Mats from Samar-Leyte
Maranao Brassware Art
PASIKING
Ifugao
Native
Backpack
Bulul, Igorot Art
COLORFUL
ART OF THE
PAROL

Lanterns
made of
capiz shells
with twikling
light design
PAHIYAS, ART OF LUCBAN QUEZON
Taka Art of Paete, Laguna
JEEPNEY
ART
THE COLORFUL ART OF THE PHILIPPINE KALESA
THE COLORFUL ART OF TRICYCLE DESIGN
COLORFUL PHILIPPINE ICE CREAM CART
Pasyon is literature, and pabasa is music.
Senakulo is a theater art.