Important Questions for Class 10

Maths

Chapter 2  Polynomials

Very Short Answer Questions 1 Mark

1. The graphs of y  p(x) are given to us, for some polynomials p(x) . Find
the number of zeroes of p(x) , in each case.

i.

Ans: The graph does not meet the x  axis at any point. Hence, it does not have
any zero.

ii.

Ans: The graph meets the x  axis at only 1 point. Thus, the polynomial p(x)
corresponding to the given graph has only 1 zero.

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 1

iii.

Ans: The graph meets the x  axis at 3 points. Thus, the polynomial p(x)
corresponding to the given graph has 3 zeroes.

iv.

Ans: The graph meets the x  axis at 2 points. Thus, the polynomial p(x)
corresponding to the given graph has 2 zeroes.

v.

Ans: The graph meets the x  axis at 3 points. Thus, the polynomial p(x)
corresponding to the given graph has 3 zeroes.

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vi.

Ans: The graph meets the x  axis at 4 points. Thus, the polynomial p(x)
corresponding to the given graph has 4 zeroes.

2. Which of the following is polynomial?

a. x2  6 x  2
1
b. x
x
5
c.
x  3x  1
2

d. none of these
Ans: d. none of these

3. Polynomial 2x4  3x3  5x2  5x2  9x  1 is a

a. linear polynomial
b. quadratic polynomial
c. cubic polynomial
d. bi-quadratic polynomial
Ans: d. bi-quadratic polynomial

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4. If  and  are zeros of x2  5x  8 , then the value of (  ) is

a. 5
b. 5
c. 8
d. 8
Ans: b. 5

5. The sum and product of the zeros of a quadratic polynomial are 2 and
15 respectively. The quadratic polynomial is

a. x2  2x  15
b. x2  2x  15
c. x2  2x  15

d. x2  2x  15
Ans: b. x 2  2x  15

6. If p(x)  2x2  3x  5 , 3x  5 , then the value of p( 1) is equal to

a. 7
b. 8
c. 9
d. 10
Ans: d. 10

7. Zeros of p(x)  x2  2x  3

a. 3 and 1
b. 3 and 1

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c. 3 and 1
d. 1 and 3
Ans: b. 3 and 1

8. If  and  are the zeros of 2x2  5x  10 , then the value of  is

5
a. 
2
b. 5
c. 5
2
d.
5
Ans: c. 5

9. A quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose zeros are 0 and
5

a. x2  5

b. x2  5

c. x2  5
d. none of these

Ans: a. x 2  5

10. Which of the following is polynomial?

a. x2  6 x  2
1
b. x
x

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 5

 5
c.
x2  3x  1
d. none of these
Ans: d. none of these

11. Polynomial 2x4  3x3  5x2  5x2  9x  1 is a

a. linear polynomial
b. quadratic polynomial
c. cubic polynomial
d. bi-quadratic polynomial
Ans: d. bi-quadratic polynomial

12. If  and  are zeros of x2  5x  8 , then the value of      is

a. 5
b. 5
c. 8
d. 8
Ans: b. 5

13. The sum and product of the zeros of a quadratic polynomial are 2 and
15 respectively. The quadratic polynomial is
a. x2  2x  15
b. x2  2x  15
c. x2  2x  15
d. x2  2x  15

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Ans: b. x 2  2x  15

Short Answer Questions 2 Marks

1. Find the quadratic polynomial where sum and product of the zeros are a
1
and .
a
Ans: A quadratic polynomial is given by: x 2  (sum of zeros) x  (product of
zeros)
1
Given, the sum of zeros as a and the product of zeros as .
a
1 1
Thus, the quadratic polynomial is x 2  ax  , i.e., ax 2  a 2 x  1 .
a a

2. If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f (x)  x2  x  4 , find

1 1
the value of + -αβ .
α β

Ans: Given, f (x)  x 2  x  4 and the zeros of the polynomial are  and  .

 -1 
Therefore, the sum of the zeros, α+β  -    1
1
4
The product of the zeros, αβ   4
1
1 1 α+β
The value of + -αβ= -αβ is
α β αβ
1 1 1
 + - αβ   (4)
α β 4
1 15
 4
4 4
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 1 1 15
Thus, + - αβ  .
α β 4

3. If the square of the difference of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial

f  x   x 2  px  45 is equal to 144 , find the value of p .

Ans: It is given that (α-β)2  144

From the given quadratic polynomial, f (x)  x 2  px  45 ,

The sum of the roots, α+β  p and the product of the roots, αβ  45 .

Since, (α-β)2  144

 α 2 +β 2 -2αβ  144

 (α+β)2 - 4αβ  144

Substituting, α+β  p and αβ  45 , we get:

 (p)2  4  45  144

 p2  144  180

 p2  324

 p  18 .

4. Divide (6x3  26x  21  x2 ) by ( 7  3x) .

Ans: Dividing (6x 3  26x  21  x 2 ) by (7  3x) , we obtain:

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 2x 2  5x  3
3x  7 6x 3  x 2  26x  21
6x 3  14x 2
15x 2  26x  21
15x 2  35x
9x  21
9x  21
0

Thus, the quotient is:

Quotient  2x 2  5x  3 .

5. Find the value of ‘ k ’ such that the quadratic polynomial

x2  (k  6)x  2(2k  1) has sum of the zeros is half of their product.

1
Ans: It is given that, Sum of the zeros   Product of the zeros.
2
From the given quadratic polynomial, x 2  (k  6)x  2(2k  1) , the sum of the

zeros is (k  6) and product of the zeros is 2(2k  1) .

Hence,
1
 (k  6)  [2(2k  1)]
2
 k  6  2k  1
 k  5.

6. If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial

f  x   x 2  p  x  1  c , show that  α+1 β+1  1  c .

Ans: It is given that α and β are the roots of the quadratic polynomial
f (x)  x 2  p(x  1)  c .

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f (x)  x 2  px  (p  c)
 α+β = p

And αβ  (p  c)

Thus,
 (α+1)(β+1)=αβ+(α+β)  1

 (α+1)(β+1)  p  c  p  1

 (α+1)(β+1)  1  c .

7. If the sum of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f (t)  kt 2  2t  3k is

equal to their product, find the value of ‘ k ’.
Ans: The given quadratic polynomial is, f (t)  kt 2  2t  3k .

It is given that, sum of the zeros = product of the zeros

Hence,
2 3k
 
k k
2
k .
3

8. Divide (x4  5x  6) by (2  x 2 ) .

Ans: Dividing (x 4  5x  6) by (2  x 2 ) , we obtain:

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 x 2  2
2  x 2 x 4  5x  6
x 4  2x 2
2x 2  5x  6
2x 2 4
 5x  10

 Quotient  x 2  2
Remainder  5x  10

9. Find the zeros of the polynomial p(x)  4 3x 2  5x  2 3 and verify the

relationship between the zeros and its coefficients.

Ans: The given polynomial is, p(x)  4 3x 2  5x  2 3 .

It can be written as: p(x)  4 3x 2  8x  3x  2 3 .

Hence,

 p(x)  4x( 3x  2)  3( 3x  2)

 p(x)  (4x  3)( 3x  2)

Thus, the zeros are 4x  3  0 and 3x  2  0

3 2
x and x  
4 3
 Coefficient of x
We know, sum of the zeros 
Coefficient of x 2

 3 (2)  5
  
 4 3  4 3
Constant term
Similarly, the product of the zeros 
Coefficient of x 2

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 11

 2 3 1
  .
4 3 2

10. Find the value of ‘ k ’ so that the zeros of the quadratic polynomial
3x2  kx  14 are in the ratio 7 : 6 .
Ans: Let the zeros of the quadratic polynomial, 3x 2  kx  14 be 7p and 6p .

(k) k
 7p  6p  
3 3
 39p  k

14
Also, 7p  6p 
3
14
 42p2 
3
p3

Thus,
 k  39  3
 k  117 .

11. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial f (x)  4x2  8kx  9 is negative of
the other, find the value of ‘ k ’.

Ans: It is given that one zero of the quadratic polynomial f (x)  4x 2  8kx  9 is

the negative of the other,

Let us take one zero to be  , then the other is  .
Hence, the sum of the zeros  0
8k
 0
4

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 12

k 0

12. Check whether the polynomial (t 2  3) is a factor of the polynomial

2t 4  3t 3  2t 2  9t  12 by Division method.
Ans: To determine whether the polynomial, (t 2  3) is a factor of the polynomial
2t 4  3t 3  2t 2  9t  12 by division method, divide 2t 4  3t 3  2t 2  9t  12 from
(t 2  3) . Thus, we have

2t 2  3t  4
t 2  3 2t 4  3t 3  2t 2  9t  12
2t 4  6t 2
3t 3  4t 2  9t  12
3t 3  9t
4t 2  12
4t 2  12
0

 (t 2  3) is the factor of given polynomial 2t 4  3t 3  2t 2  9t  12 .

Short Answer Questions 3 Marks

1. Apply division algorithm to find the quotient q  x  and remainder r  x 

an dividing f  x  by g  x  where f (x)  x3  6x2  11x  6 , g(x)  x2  x  1

Ans: According to the division algorithm, f (x)  g(x)  q(x)  r(x) .

Thus, dividing x 3  6x 2  11x  6 from x 2  x  1, we obtain:

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 x7
x  x  1 x  6x  11x  6
2 3 2

x3  x 2  x
 7x 2  10x  6
7x 2  7x  7
17x  1

Hence,

(x 3  6x 2  11x  6)  x 2  2x  1(x  7)  (17x  1) .

2. If two zeros of the polynomial x4  6x3  26x2  138x  35 are 2  3 , find

the other zeros.
Ans: It is given that the two zeros of the polynomial x 4  6x 3  26x 2  138x  35
are 2  3 and 2  3 .

Therefore, the sum of zeros is 2  3  2  3  4

and product of the zeros is 1 .

Hence, (x 2  4x  1) is the factor of x 4  6x 3  26x 2  138x  35 .

So, the other factors can be determined by:

x 2  2x  35
x 2  4x  1 x 4  6x 3  26x 2  138x  35
x 4  4x 3  x 2
 2x 3  27x 2  138x  35
2x 3  8x 2  2x
 35x 2  140x  35
35x 2  140x  35
0

Now,

 x 2  2x  35  x 2  7x  5x  35

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 x(x  7)  5(x  7)

 x 2  2x  35  (x  5)(x  7)

Thus, the zeros are

x  7 and x  5
So, the other two zeros are 7 and 5 .

3. What must be subtracted from the polynomial

f (x)  x4  2x3  13x2  12x  21 so that the resulting polynomial is exactly

divisible by g(x)  x2  2x  3 .

Ans: According to the division algorithm, f (x)  g(x)  q(x)  r(x) .

Thus, f (x)  r(x)  g(x)  q(x)

Dividing f (x)  x 4  2x 3  13x 2  12x  21 from g(x)  x 2  2x  3 , we obtain:

x 2  6x  8
x 2  4x  3 x 4  2x 3  13x 2  12x  21
x4 4x 3  3x 2
6x 3  16x 2  12x  21
6x 3 24x 2  18x
8x 2  30x  21
8x 2 32x  24
2x  3

Thus, we must be subtract (2x  3) from f (x)  x 4  2x 3  13x 2  12x  21 so that

the resulting polynomial is exactly divisible by g(x)  x 2  2x  3 .

4. What must be added to 6x5  5x4  11x3  3x2  x  5 so that it may be

exactly divisible by 3x2  2x  4 ?

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 15

Ans: Dividing 6x 5  5x 4  11x 3  3x 2  x  5 from 3x 2  2x  4 , we obtain:

2x 3  3x 2  3x  3
3x 2  2x  4 6x 5  5x 4  11x 3  3x 2  x  5
6x 5 4x 4  8x 3
9x 4  3x 3  3x 2  x  5
9x 4 6x 3  12x 2
9x 3  15x 2  x  5
9x 3 6x 2  12x
-9x 2  11x  5
9x 2 6x  12
 17x  7

So, we must add (3x 2  2x  4)  (17x  7) , i.e.,

 3x 2  2x  4  17x  7
 3x 2  15x  13 .

Hence, we would add 3x 2  15x  13 to 6x 5  5x 4  11x 3  3x 2  x  5 so that it

is exactly divisible by 3x 2  2x  4 .

5. Find all the zeros of the polynomial f (x)  2x4  3x3  3x2  6x  2 , if
being given that two of its zeros are 2 and - 2 .

Ans: The two zeros of the polynomial f (x)  2x 4  3x 3  3x 2  6x  2 are 2

and  2 .

 (x  2)(x  2) or  x  2  is the factor of the given polynomial.

2

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 2x  3x  1
x  2 2x  3x  3x 2  6x  2
2 4 3

2x 4  4x 2
-3x 3  x 2  6x  2
-3x 3  6x
x2 2
x2 2
0

The quotient is q(x)  2x 2  3x  1 . Thus,

q(x)  2x 2  3x  1

 2x 2  2x  x  1
 2x(x  1)  1(x  1)
q(x)  (2x  1)(x  1)

Hence, the other two zeroes are

1
x  1 and x  .
2

6. On dividing x3  3x2  x  2 by a polynomial g(x) the quotient and the

remainder were (x  2) and 2x  4 respectively, find g(x)

Ans: According to the division algorithm, f (x)  g(x)  q(x)  r(x) .

p(x)  r(x)
 g(x)  .
q(x)

Substituting for p  x   x 3  3x 2  x  2 , q(x)   x  2  and r(x)  2x  4 , we

get:

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 x 3  3x 2  x  2  2x  4
gx 
x2
Thus,

x2  x  1
x  2 x 3  3x 2  3x  2
x 3  2x 2
-x 2  3x  2
-x 2  2x
x2
x2
0

Hence, g(x)  x 2  x  1 .

3
7. Find all zeros of f (x)  2x3  7x2  3x  6 if its two zeros are  and
2
3
2

Ans: The two zeros of the given polynomial, f (x)  2x 4  2x 3  7x 2  3x  6 are

3 3
 and
2 2

 3  3 1
 x   x    (2x  3)
2

 2  2 2

So, (2x 2  3) is the factor of f (x) .

Dividing f (x)  2x 4  2x 3  7x 2  3x  6 from (2x 2  3) , we get:

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 18

 x2  x  2
2x 2  3 2x 4  2x 3  7x 2  3x  6
2x 4 3x 2
-2x 3  4x 2  3x  6
2x 3  3x
-4x 2 6
4x 2 6
0
Thus, we have

g(x)  x 2  x  2

 x 2  2x  x  2
 x(x  2)  1(x  2)

g  x   (x  1)(x  2)

Hence, the other two zeros are

x  1 and
x2

8. Obtain all zeros of the polynomial f (x)  2x4  x3  14x2  19x  6 , if two
of its zeros are 2 and 1 .

Ans: The two zeros of the given polynomial, f (x)  2x 4  x 3  14x 2  19x  6 are

2 and 1.
 (x  2)(x  1)  x 2  3x  2

So, x 2  3x  2 is the factor of f  x  .

Dividing f (x)  2x 4  x 3  14x 2  19x  6 from x 2  3x  2 , we get:

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 19

 2x 2  5x  3
x 2  3x  2 2x 4  x 3  14x 2  19x  6
2x 4  6x 3  4x 2
-5x 3  18x 2  19x  6
5x 3 15x 2 10x
-3x 2  9x  6
3x 2 9x 6
0

Thus, we have

g(x)  2x 2  5x  3

 2x 2  6x  x  3
 2x(x  3)  1(x  3)

g  x   (x  3)(2x  1)

Hence, the other two zeros are

x  3 and
1
x
2
1
Other two zeros are 3 and  .
2

5
9. Obtain all other zeros of 3x4  6x3  2x2  10x  5 if its two zeros are 
3
5
and .
3

5
Ans: The two zeros of the given polynomial, 3x 4  6x 3  2x 2  10x  5 are 
3

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 20

 5
and .
3

 5  5 1
 x   x    (3x  5)
2

 3  3 3

So, (3x 2  5) is the factor of f  x  .

Dividing 3x 4  6x 3  2x 2  10x  5 from (3x 2  5) , we get:

x 2  2x  1
3x 2  5 3x 4  6x 3  2x 2  10x  5
3x 4  5x 2
6x 3  3x 2  10x  5
6x 3 -10x
3x 2 -5
3x 2 -5
0

Thus, we have

g(x)  x 2  2x  1

g  x   (x  1) 2

Hence, the other two zeros are

x  1 and
x  1
Other two zeros are 1 and 1.

10. If the polynomial x4  6x3  16x2  25x  10 is divided by another

polynomial x2  2x  k , the remainder comes out to be (x  a) , find ‘ k
’ and ‘ a ’.

Ans: Dividing x 4  6x 3  16x 2  25x  10 from x 2  2x  k , we get:

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 21

 x 2  4x  (8  k)
x 2  2x  k x 4  6x 3  16x 2  25x  10
x 4  2x 3  kx 2
-4x 3  (16  k)x 2  25x  10
-4x 3 +8x 2  4kx
(8  k)x 2  (4k  25)x  10
(8  k)x 2  (16  2k)x  (8k  k 2 )
(2k  9)x  (k 2  8k  10)

But remainder is given to be (x  a)

Thus, equating the coefficient of x and constant term

So 2k  8k  10  a
 25  40  10  a
 5  a
Hence, k  5 and a  5 .

11. Find the value of ‘ k ’ for which the polynomial

x4  10x3  25x2  15x  k is exactly divisible by (x  7) .

Ans: Since p(x)  x 4  10x 3  25x 2  15x  k is exactly divisible by (x  7)

therefore, (x  7) is the factor.

Hence, p(7)  0

 (7)4  10(7)3  25(7) 2  15(7)  k  0

 2401  3430  1225  105  k  0
 k  91 .

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 22

12. If  and  are the zeros of the polynomial f (x)  x2  px  q , find
polynomial whose zeros are      and      .
2 2

Ans: If the zeros of the polynomial f (x)  x 2  px  q are taken as  and  .

Then,
    p and   q

We know (  )2  (  )2  4

 (  )2  (p)2  4q

 (  )2  p2  4q

If zeros are (  ) 2 and (  ) 2

Then, sum of zeros

(  ) 2  (  ) 2  ( p) 2  (p 2  4q)
(  ) 2  (  ) 2  4p 2  4p 2q

And the product of the zeros (  )2  (  )2  p4  4p2q

Hence, the required polynomial is

x 2  (sum of zeros)x  product of zeros

 x 2  (2p2  4q)x  4p2  4p2q

 x 2  2p2 x  4qx  p4  4p2q

Long Answer Questions 4 Marks

1. Divide the polynomial p(x) by the polynomial g(x) and find the quotient
and remainder in each of the following.
i. p(x)  x3  3x2  5x  3 , g(x)  x 2  2

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 23

Ans: Dividing the polynomial p(x)  x 3  3x 2  5x  3 by the polynomial
g(x)  x 2  2 , we obtain:

x 3
x 2
2
x  3x  5x  3
3 2

x3 2x
 3x 2  7x  3
3x 2 6
7x  9

 quotient  x  3 and remainder  7x  9

ii. p(x)  x4  3x2  4x  5 , g(x)  x2  x  1

Ans: Dividing the polynomial p(x)  x 4  3x 2  4x  5 by the polynomial

g(x)  x 2  x  1 , we obtain:

x2  x  3
x 2  x  1 x 4  3x 2  4x  5
x4  x2 x3
 4x 2  4x  5  x 3
x2  x  x3
 3x 2  3x  5
3x 2  3x 3
8

 quotient  x 2  x  3 and remainder  8 .

iii. p(x)  x4  5x  6 , g(x)  2  x 2

Ans: Dividing the polynomial p(x)  x 4  5x  6 by the polynomial

g(x)  2  x 2 , we obtain:

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 24

 x 2  2
 x 2  2 x 4  5x  6
x4 2x 2
 5x  6  2x 2
4  2x 2
-5x  10

 quotient  x 2  2 and remainder  5x  10 .

2. Check whether the first polynomial is a factor of the second polynomial

by dividing the second polynomial by the first polynomial.
i. t 2  3 , 2t 4  3t 3  2t 2  9t  12
Ans: Dividing the second polynomial 2t 4  3t 3  2t 2  9t  12 by the first
polynomial t 2  3 , we obtain:

2t 2  3t  4
t 2  3 2t 4  3t 3  2t 2  9t  12
2t 4 6t 2
+3t 3  4t 2  9t  12
3t 3 9t
+4t 2  0  12
4t 2 12
0
The remainder obtained is 0 .

Hence, the first polynomial, t 2  3 is a factor of second polynomial,

2t 4  3t 3  2t 2  9t  12 .

ii. x2  3x  1 , 3x4  5x3  7x2  2x  2

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 25

Ans: Dividing the second polynomial 3x 4  5x 3  7x 2  2x  2 by the first
polynomial x 2  3x  1 , we obtain:

3x 2  4x  2
x 2  3x  1 3x 4  5x 3  7x 2  2x  2
3x 4  9x 3  3x 2
-4x 3  10x 2  2x  2
4x 3 12x 2 4x
+2x 2  6x  2
2x 2  6x  2
0
The remainder obtained is 0 .
Hence, the first polynomial, x 2  3x  1 is a factor of second polynomial,

3x 4  5x 3  7x 2  2x  2 .

iii. x3  3x  1 , x5  4x3  x2  3x  1
Ans: Dividing the second polynomial x5  4x 3  x 2  3x  1 by the first
polynomial x 3  3x  1 , we obtain:

x2 1
x 3  3x  1 x 5  4x 3  x 2  3x  1
x5 3x 3  x 2
-x 3  3x  1
x 3  3x 1
2

The remainder obtained is 2 . Thus, the remainder is not equal to 0 .

Hence, the first polynomial, x 3  3x  1 is a factor of second polynomial,

x5  4x 3  x 2  3x  1 .

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 26

3. Obtain all other zeros of  3x4  6x 3  2x 2  10x  5  , if its two zeros are
5 5
 and .
3 3

5
Ans: The two zeros of the given polynomial, 3x 4  6x 3  2x 2  10x  5 are 
3

5
and .
3

 5  5 1
 x   x    (3x  5)
2

 3  3 3

So, (3x 2  5) is the factor of f  x  .

Dividing 3x 4  6x 3  2x 2  10x  5 from (3x 2  5) , we get:

x 2  2x  1
3x 2  5 3x 4  6x 3  2x 2  10x  5
3x 4  5x 2
6x 3  3x 2  10x  5
6x 3 -10x
3x 2 -5
3x 2 -5
0

Thus, we have

g(x)  x 2  2x  1

g  x   (x  1) 2

Hence, the other two zeros are

x  1 and
x  1
Other two zeros are 1 and 1.

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 27

4. On dividing (x3  3x 2  x  2) by a polynomial g(x) the quotient and the
remainder were (x  2) and ( 2x  4) respectively, find g(x) .

Ans: According to the division algorithm, p(x)  g(x)  q(x)  r(x) .

p(x)  r(x)
 g(x)  .
q(x)

Substituting for p  x   x 3  3x 2  x  2 , q(x)   x  2  and r(x)  2x  4 , we

get:

x 3  3x 2  x  2  2x  4
gx 
x2
Thus,

x2  x  1
x  2 x 3  3x 2  3x  2
x 3  2x 2
-x 2  3x  2
-x 2  2x
x2
x2
0

Hence, g(x)  x 2  x  1 .

5. Give examples of polynomials p(x) , g(x) , q(x) and r(x) , which satisfy the
division algorithm and
i. deg p(x)  deg q(x)

Ans: According to the division algorithm, p(x)  g(x)  q(x)  r(x) .

Let p(x)  3x 2  3x  6 and g(x)  3 . Performing long division, we have:

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 28

 x2  x  2
3 3x 2  3x  6
3x 2
3x  6
3x
+6
+6
0

We can observe from the above example that p(x)  g(x)  q(x)  r(x) , i.e.,

3x 2  3x  6   x 2  x  2   3  0

Also, deg p(x)  degq(x)  2 .

ii. deg q(x)  deg r(x)

Ans: According to the division algorithm, p(x)  g(x)  q(x)  r(x) .

Let p(x)  x 3  5 and g(x)  x 2  1 . Performing long division, we have:

x
x 1
2
x 5
3

x3 x
x5

We can observe from the above example that p(x)  g(x)  q(x)  r(x) , i.e.,

x 3  5   x 2  1  x  x  5

Also, degq(x)  deg r(x)  1 .

iii. deg r(x)  0

Ans: According to the division algorithm, p(x)  g(x)  q(x)  r(x) .

Let p(x)  x 2  5x  3 and g(x)  x  3 . Performing long division, we have:

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 29

 x2
x3 x  5x  3
2

 x 2  3x
+2x  3
 2x  6
9

We can observe from the above example that p(x)  g(x)  q(x)  r(x) , i.e.,

3x 2  3x  6   x 2  x  2   3  0

Also, deg r(x)  0 .

6. Find the zeroes of the following quadratic polynomials and verify the
relationship between the zeros and the coefficients.
i. x2  2x  8
Ans: The given polynomial is x 2  2x  8 .
Comparing given polynomial with general form ax 2  bx  c ,
We get a  1, b  2 and c  8 .
We have, x 2  2x  8

 x 2  4x  2x  8
 x(x  4)  2(x  4)

 (x  4)(x  2)

Equating this to 0 , we will find values of 2 zeroes of this polynomial.

 (x  4)(x  2)  0

 x  4, 2 are the two zeros.

(2) b  Coefficient of x
Sum of zeroes  4  2  2   
1 a Coefficient of x 2

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 30

 8 c Constant term
Product of zeroes  4  2  8   
1 a Coefficient of x 2

ii. 4s2  4s  1
Ans: The given polynomial is 4s 2  4s  1 .
Comparing given polynomial with general form ax 2  bx  c ,
We get a  4 , b  4 and c  1 .

We have, 4s 2  4s  1

 4s2  2s  2s  1
 2s(2s  1)  1(2s  1)

 (2s  1)(2s  1)

Equating this to 0 , we will find values of 2 zeroes of this polynomial.

 (2s  1)(2s  1)  0

1 1
 s  , are the two zeros.
2 2
1 1
Thus, the two zeroes of this polynomial are and .
2 2
1 1 (1) 4 (4) b  Coefficient of x
Sum of zeroes   1    
2 2 1 4 4 a Coefficient of x 2
1 1 1 c Constant term
Product of zeroes     
2 2 4 a Coefficient of x 2

iii. 6x2  3  7x
Ans: The given polynomial is 6x 2  3  7x .
Comparing given polynomial with general form ax 2  bx  c ,
We get a  6 , b  7 and c  3 .

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 31

We have, 6x 2  3  7x

 6x 2  9x  2x  3
 3x(2x  3)  1(2x  3)
 (2x  3)(3x  1)

Equating this to 0 , we will find values of 2 zeroes of this polynomial.

 (2x  3)(3x  1)  0

3 1
x ,
2 3
3 1
Thus, the two zeroes of this polynomial are and .
2 3
3 1 9  2 7 (7) b  Coefficient of x
Sum of zeroes       
2 3 6 6 6 a Coefficient of x 2
3 1 1 c Constant term
Product of zeroes     
2 3 2 a Coefficient of x 2

iv. 4u2  8u
Ans: The given polynomial is 4u 2  8u .
Comparing given polynomial with general form ax 2  bx  c ,
We get a  4 , b  8 and c  0 .

We have, 4u 2  8u

 4u 2  8u  4u(u  2)

Equating this to 0 , we will find values of 2 zeroes of this polynomial.

 4u(u  2)  0

 u  0, 2
Thus, the two zeroes of this polynomial are 0 and 2 .

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 32

 (2) 4 8 b  Coefficient of x
Sum of zeroes  0  2  2      .
1 4 4 a Coefficient of x 2
0 c Constant term
Product of zeroes  0  2  0    .
4 a Coefficient of x 2

v. t 2  15
Ans: The given polynomial is t 2  15 .

Comparing given polynomial with general form ax 2  bx  c ,

We get a  1, b  0 and c  15 .

We have, t 2  15

 t 2  15

 t   15

Thus, the two zeroes of this polynomial are 15 and  15 .

0 b  Coefficient of x
Sum of zeroes  15  ( 15)  0   
1 a Coefficient of x 2
15 c Constant term
Product of zeroes  15  ( 15)  15   
1 a Coefficient of x 2

vi. 3x2  x  4
Ans: The given polynomial is 3x 2  x  4 .

Comparing given polynomial with general form ax 2  bx  c ,

We get a  3 , b  1 and c  4 .

We have, 3x 2  x  4  3x 2  4x  3x  4
 x(3x  4)  1(3x  4)

 (3x  4)(x  1)

Equating this to 0 , we will find values of 2 zeroes of this polynomial.

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 33

 (3x  4)(x  1)  0

4
 x  , 1
3
4
Thus, the two zeroes of this polynomial are and 1.
3
4 4  3 1 (1) b  Coefficient of x
Sum of zeroes   (1)     
3 3 3 3 a Coefficient of x 2
4 4 c Constant term
Product of zeroes   (1)    .
3 3 a Coefficient of x 2

7. Find a quadratic polynomial each with the given numbers as the sum and
product of its zeroes respectively.
1
(i) , 1
4
1
Ans: The sum of the zeros is given as and the product of the zeros is given to
4
be 1.
Let quadratic polynomial be of the form ax 2  bx  c and
Let  and  are two zeroes of above quadratic polynomial.

1 b
 
4 a
1 4 4 c
    1    
1 4 4 a
a  4,b  1 and c  4 .

So, the equation becomes 4x 2  x  4 .

Thus, the quadratic polynomial which satisfies above conditions is 4x 2  x  4 .

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 34

 1
(ii) 2,
3
Ans: The sum of the zeros is given as 2 and the product of the zeros is given
1
to be .
3
Let quadratic polynomial be of the form ax 2  bx  c and
Let  and  are two zeroes of above quadratic polynomial.

3 3 2 b
 2  
3 3 a
1 c
  which is equal to
3 a

 a  3,b  3 2 and c  1 .

So, the equation becomes 3x 2  3 2x  1 .

Thus, the quadratic polynomial which satisfies above conditions is
3x 2  3 2x  1 .

(iii) 0, 5
Ans: The sum of the zeros is given as 0 and the product of the zeros is given to

be 5.
Let quadratic polynomial be of the form ax 2  bx  c and
Let  and  are two zeroes of above quadratic polynomial.

0 b
 0 
1 a

5 c
  5  
1 a

a  1,b  0 and c  5 .

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 35

So, the equation becomes x 2  5 .

Thus, the quadratic polynomial which satisfies above conditions is x 2  5 .

(iv) 1,1
Ans: The sum of the zeros is given as 1 and the product of the zeros is given to
be 1 .

Let quadratic polynomial be of the form ax 2  bx  c and

Let  and  are two zeroes of above quadratic polynomial.

(1) b
   1 
1 a
1 c
 1 
1 a
a  1,b  1 and c  1 .

So, the equation becomes x 2  x  1.

Thus, the quadratic polynomial which satisfies above conditions is x 2  x  1 .

1 1
(v) ,
4 4
1
Ans: The sum of the zeros is given as  and the product of the zeros is given
4
1
to be .
4
Let quadratic polynomial be of the form ax 2  bx  c and
Let  and  are two zeroes of above quadratic polynomial.

1 b
 
4 a

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 36

 1 c
  
4 a
a  4,b  1,c  1

So, the equation becomes 4x 2  x  1.

Thus, the quadratic polynomial which satisfies above conditions is 4x 2  x  1 .

(vi) 4,1
Ans: The sum of the zeros is given as 4 and the product of the zeros is given to
be 1 .

Let quadratic polynomial be of the form ax 2  bx  c and

Let  and  are two zeroes of above quadratic polynomial.

(4) b
 4 
1 a
1 c
 1 
1 a
a  1,b  4,c  1

So, the equation becomes x 2  4x  1 .

Thus, the quadratic polynomial which satisfies above conditions is x 2  4x  1 .

8. Verify that the numbers given alongside of the cubic polynomials below
are their zeroes. Also verify the relationship between the zeroes and the
coefficients in each case:
1
i. 2x3  x2  5x  2 ; ,1, 2
2
Ans: The given polynomial is 2x 3  x 2  5x  2 .
1
Also, the given roots are ,1, 2 .
2

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 37

Comparing the given polynomial with p  x   ax 3  bx 2  cx  d , we get

a  2,b  1,c  5 and d  2 .

1
Verifying whether ,1, 2 are the roots of the cubic polynomial, we have:
2
3 2
1 1 1 1
p    2       5   2
2 2 2 2
1 1 5
   2
4 4 2
1  1  10  8
 0
0

p(1)  2(1)3  (1)2  5(1)  2

 2 1 5  2  0

p(2)  2(2)3  (2)2  5(2)  2

 2(8)  4  10  2
 16  16  0
1
 ,1 and 2 are the zeroes of 2x 3  x 2  5x  2 .
2
1 1  2  4 1 b
Now,        1  (2)   
2 2 2 a

1 1
And         (1)  (1)(2)  (2)  
2 2
1 5 c
  2 1   .
2 2 a
1 2 d
And    1 (2)  1  
2 2 a

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 38

ii. x3  4x2  5x  2 ; 2,1,1

Ans : Comparing the given polynomial with p  x   ax 3  bx 2  cx  d , we get

a  1,b  4,c  5 and d  2 .

p(1)  (1)3  4(1)2  5(1)  2

1  4  5  2  0
p(2)  2(2)3  4(2)2  5(2)  2
 8  16  10  2  0

p(1)  (1)3  4(1)2  5(1)  2

1  4  5  2  0

2,1 and 1 are the zeroes of x 3  4x 2  5x  2 .

(4) b
Now,       2  1  1  4   .
1 a
And        2  (1)  (1)(1)  (1)  2 

5 c
 2 1 2  
1 a
(2) d
And   2  1 1  2   .
1 a

9. Find a cubic polynomial with the sum of the product of its zeroes taken
two at a time and the product of its zeroes are 2, 7, 14 respectively.

Ans: Let the cubic polynomial be ax 3  bx 2  cx  d and its zeros be ,  and 

(2) b
Then       2   and      .
1 a
7 c
 7  
1 a

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 39

 14 d
And   14  
1 a
Here, a  1,b  2,c  7 and d  14 .

Hence, cubic polynomial will be x3  2x 2  7x  14 .

10. If the zeroes of the polynomial x3  3x2  x  1 are a  b,a,a  b find a

and b .

Ans: Since (a  b),a,(a  b) are the zeroes of the polynomial x 3  3x 2  3x  1.

(3)
      a  b  a  a  b  3
1
 3a  3
 a 1
And     

1
 (a  b)a  a(a  b)  (a  b)(a  b)   1
1
 a 2  ab  a 2  ab  a 2  b2  1

 3a 2  b2  1
 3(1)2  b2  1[ a  1]

 3  b2  1
 b  2
Hence a  1 and b  2 .

11. If two zeros of the polynomial x4  6x3  26x2  138x  35 are 2  3 ,

find the other zeros.
Ans: It is given that the two zeros of the polynomial x 4  6x 3  26x 2  138x  35

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 40

are 2  3 and 2  3 .

Therefore, the sum of zeros is 2  3  2  3  4

and product of the zeros is 1 .

Hence, (x 2  4x  1) is the factor of x 4  6x 3  26x 2  138x  35 .

So, the other factors can be determined by:

x 2  2x  35
x 2  4x  1 x 4  6x 3  26x 2  138x  35
x 4  4x 3  x 2
 2x 3  27x 2  138x  35
2x 3  8x 2  2x
 35x 2  140x  35
35x 2  140x  35
0

Now,

 x 2  2x  35  x 2  7x  5x  35
 x(x  7)  5(x  7)

 x 2  2x  35  (x  5)(x  7)

Thus, the zeros are

x  7 and x  5
 The other two zeros are 7 and 5 .

12. If the polynomial x4  6x3  16x2  25x  10 is divided by another

polynomial x2  2x  k , the remainder comes out to be x  a , find ‘ k ’
and ‘ a ’.
Ans: Dividing x 4  6x 3  16x 2  25x  10 from x 2  2x  k , we get:

Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 41

 x 2  4x  (8  k)
x 2  2x  k x 4  6x 3  16x 2  25x  10
x 4  2x 3  kx 2
-4x 3  (16  k)x 2  25x  10
-4x 3 +8x 2  4kx
(8  k)x 2  (4k  25)x  10
(8  k)x 2  (16  2k)x  (8k  k 2 )
(2k  9)x  (k 2  8k  10)

But remainder is given to be (x  a)

Thus, equating the coefficient of x and constant term, we have

2k  9  1
 2k  10
k 5
Also, 2k  8k  10  a
 25  40  10  a
 5  a
Hence, k  5 and a  5 .

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