 Over time, educational technology has developed into a variety of approaches to dealing with

learning processes, a theoretical framework, theory, and practice, as well as the most recent
research and ethical standards for using technological resources and processes. It is a
combination of the two terms, namely education and technology. Education is about learning
and developing abilities. It helps people learn how to do things and supports them in thinking
about what they learn. On the other hand, technology is the application of scientific
knowledge for practical purposes. Therefore, educational technology refers to the application
of scientific knowledge about learning and the conditions of learning to improve the
effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and learning. I believe that technology makes
education more effective because, with the use of technology, instructions can have a more
scientific base or be more powerful. An example of this, the ICT or Integration of
Information, Communication, and Technology that refers to the use of computer- based
communication that incorporates into daily classroom instructional process. While the
Instructional Technology is the idea of systematically designing, developing and delivering
this technology to make learning more engaging and effective. As an example, when the
pandemic outbreak affects the world and education, the only option for continuing education
was online learning. Teachers upload learning modules, use instructional videos, power point
material and more to promote learning.

 Educational media are means of presenting information that will expand the knowledge of
many students. The use of media can improve learning both inside and outside of the
classroom in practically every discipline. All types of learners with different styles of
learning, such as visual, aural, and kinesthetic, can benefit from these media. Nowadays,
students are taught in a constructivist environment. It keeps the learner concentrated and
actively involved throughout the classroom teaching process. It consists of instructional
materials such as newspapers, magazines, textbooks, and overhead projectors to deliver
credible instructions. However, in audiovisual aids, it is different. It is an added device that
helps the teacher and students clarify concepts with adequate meaning and makes learning
more interesting and meaningful. An example of this is charts, television, audio recordings,
and more.

 Instructional design creates teaching materials that focus on what learners need and help
them achieve academic goals. By doing so, learners will be engaged in the lesson and
remember what they learned. An example of this are the objectives of the lesson, the
activities, the conclusion, and the self-assessment task. On the other hand, the use of various
forms of digital technology, including the internet, web-based programs, computing tools,
online textbooks, and more, to promote and improve student learning in the classroom is
known as instructional technology.